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Te Atuatanga TE ATUATANGA: HOLDING TE KARAITIANATANGA AND TE MĀORITANGA TOGETHER GOING FORWARD A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies in the University of Canterbury by Jubilee Turi Hollis University of Canterbury 2013 Te Rārangi Take – Contents He Kupu Whakataki – A Prologue i-ii Ngā Whakawhetaitanga – Acknowledgements iii-v Te Waitara – Abstract vi-vii He Kupu Whakamārama – A Word of Explanation viii He Rāranga Kupu – Glossary ix-xxiv Ngā Mahere Whenua - Maps xxv-xxviii - Map 1: Ngā Iwi o Aotearoa/New Zealand (North Island) - Map 2: Ngā Iwi o Aotearoa/New Zealand (South Island and the Chatham Islands) - Map 3: Church Missionary Society Stations 1814 – c1845 - Map 4: The Northern Sector of Te Hui Amorangi o Te Tairawhiti Ngā Whakaahua – Photographs - Tukutuku: Porourangi Poutama 5 & 307 Te Koru 285 - Tukutuku: Poutama 307 Ngā whakaāhua nā Robyn Kahukiwa – Paintings by Robyn Kahukiwa - Te Pō 287 - “The earth lay in the womb of darkness” 288 - Te Pō and Papatūānuku 289 Ngā Hoahoa, ngā Tēpu me ngā Mahere – Diagrams, Charts and Table - Figure 2.1 Kaupapa Māori Theory (1) 59 - Figure 2.2 Kaupapa Māori Theory 2 - Critical Theory 60 - Table 2.1 Ngā Mātāpono o ngā Kaupapa Māori 63-66 - Figure 3.1 Evaluation Model: Research in Māori contexts 106 - Figure 3.2 Inductive reasoning approach 112 - Figure 3.3 Porohita Whakamārama – Hermeneutic Circle 132 - Figure 3.4 Te Ara Whakapiki – The Upward Pathway 142 - Table 1: Te Rārangi Whakarāpopotongā o te Rangahau ine kounga 199 Summary Table of Qualitative Research - Figure 7.1: Ko Te Atuatanga Te Whare Tipuna - 265 Atuatanga as a Whare Tipuna Ngā Wāhanga - The Chapters Te Wāhanga Tuatahi – Chapter One 1 - 31 Te Whakatakotongia o ngā Kaupapa – Laying down the foci of this thesis Te Whakatūwheratanga - Introduction Te Kaupapa o tēnei Whakapae – The topic of this thesis Te Whakaritenga o tēnei Whakapae – The Structure of this Thesis - He kupu whakamārama – An explanation - Te Whakaritenga – The Structure Te Pūrākau o te Hāhi Mihinare mai te taenga mai ki Aotearoa/New Zealand – The Story of the Anglican Church from its arrival in Aotearoa/New Zealand in 1814. - Ngā kōrero o mua – Background - Te Mātauranga o Ngā Minita Māori o Te Haahi Mihinare – The Education of Māori Clergy of the Mission Church - Te Whare Wānanga o Te Pīhopatanga o Aotearoa me te whakapakari haere o te Atuatanga – The Higher Learning Institute of the Bishopric of Aotearoa and the development of te Atuatanga. Ngā Tirohanga o te Ao - Worldviews - Ngā Tirohanga o Ngā Tāngata Whenua o te Ao – Indigenous Peoples’ Worldviews - He Tirohanga Māori o te Ao – A Māori worldview Te Whakamāramatanga o ētahi kupu i roto i tēnei Whakapae – Clarifying some of the terms frequently used in this thesis. - Ko te Atuatanga – Te Atuatanga . Kaore te Atuatanga he Kupu Hou – Atuatanga is not a new word . Ko te Atuatanga te Kupu – The term ‘Atuatanga’ - Ko te Whakamāramatanga o ngā kupu nei: ko te Wairuatanga, ko te Wairua Māori me te Taha Wairua – Clarifying the terms Wairuatanga, Wairua Māori and te Taha Māori Te Whakamāramatanga o ngā kupu nei, ko te Pākehā me te Euro-Western – Clarifying the words: Pākehā and Euro-Western. Te Whakarāpopotonga – Summary Te Wāhanga Tuarua – Chapter Two 32 - 80 Ngā Kaupapa me Ngā Tikanga – Methodologies and Methods Ko te Whakatūwheratanga – Introduction Te Whakaritenga o tēnei Wāhanga – The structure of this Chapter Ngā mātauranga o ngā Tāngata Whenua – Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge - He aha ngā mea nei ko ngā mātauranga o ngā Tāngata Whenua? – What is meant by ‘Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples’? - Ko te kupu ‘Mātauranga’ – The term Knowledge’ - Ko te Mātauranga Māori – Māori Knowledge . Ko te Mātauranga Māori nō Aotearoa anake – Māori Knowledge is from Aotearoa/New Zealand - Ko te Nuinga o te Reo Māori – The Significance of the Māori Language - He aha ngā Whakapapa Māori? – What is Māori Whakapapa? Ngā mātauranga o ngā Tāngata Whenua me ngā mātauranga Euro-Western – Indigenous Knowledges and Euro-Western Knowledges - Ka Whawhai tonu ake ngā Tāngata Whenua – Resistance by Indigenous Peoples continues Ngā Kaupapa Māori – Māori Philosophies based on Māori principles and values - Ko te Whakapapa o te Kaupapa Māori – The foundations of Kaupapa Māori Kaupapa Māori – Māori Philosophy - He aha te kupu nei ko ‘te Kaupapa Māori’? – What is this term ‘Kaupapa Māori’? - Ngā Mātāpono o te Kaupapa Māori – The Principles of Kaupapa Māori Table 2.1: Ngā Mātāpono o Ngā Kaupapa Māori – The Principles of Kaupapa Māori Te Whakaōritetanga me te Whaiaroarotanga - Relativism and Individualism - Te Whakaōritetanga – Relativism - Te Whaiaroarotanga - Individualism Te Whakarāpopotonga – Summary Te Wāhanga Tuatoru – Chapter Three 81 - 142 Ngā Kaupapa me Ngā Tikanga – Methodologies and Methods Te Whakatūwheratanga – Introduction Te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori – Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) - Te Kaupapa Māori me te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori – Kaupapa Māori and Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) - Rangahau Kaupapa Māori me Rangahau Kaupapa Pākehā – Kaupapa Māori Research and Euro-Western Research - Te Ariā Amuamutanga – Critical Theory - Te Tikanga Pūtaiao Tōkeke me te Tikanga Pūtaiao hangore – Positivism and Post- positivism. - Rangahau ine kounga me Rangahau ine tātai – Qualitative and Quantitative Research Ngā Mātāpono o te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori – The Principles of Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) - He aha te kaupapa o te rangahau? - What research do we want to carry out? - Mō wai te rangahau? –Who is the research for? - He aha te rerekētanga e whai ake i te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori? – What difference will KMR make? - Ko wai ngā kairangahau? –Who will carry out this research? - Me pehea te haere o ngā mahi me te tika o ngā rangahau? – How do we want the research to be done? 2 - Me pehea mātau kai te mōhio mehemea ngā mahi nei ngā mahi whai hua? – How do we know if this work is worthwhile? - Mā wai te rangahau nei? – Who will own the research? - Ko wai ngā tāngata whai ora? – Who will benefit? - Te Matatika mō te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori – Code of Ethics for KMR Rangahau Kaupapa Māori Tātaritanga – Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) Analysis Te Atuatanga me te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori – Te Atuatanga and Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) Rangahau ine kounga – Qualitative Research Ngā Ariā o Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis - Theoretical Underpinnings of IPA - Ngā Mātāpono me ngā tikanga o IPA – The Principles and practices of IPA - Ngā Pātai Rangahau i roto i IPA – Research Questions in IPA - Tokohia ngā tāngata whai panga? – How many participants? - Ngā ariā, ngā tauira me ngā mea auau ka puta mai ngā whakaaro noa – Themes, patterns, regularities that lead to tentative hypotheses. - Te whakamāramatanga o ngā kaupapa nui me ngā kaupapa iti – Clarification of major and minor themes Te Atuatanga – Atuatanga - Ko te rangahau whakapono te Atuatanga? – Is theology te Atuatanga? - He aha te mea nei ko te rangahau whakapono? – What is theology? - Te Rangahau Whakapono o te Horopaki – Contextual Theology Te Timatanga – The Beginning Ētahi Anga o te Rangahau Whakapono Horopaki – Some Models of Contextual Theology Ngāi Māori me te Rangahau Whakapono Horopaki – Māori and Contextual Theology Te Atuatanga me te Rangahau Whakapono o te Horopaki – Te Atuatanga and Contextual Theology - Te Rangahau Whakapono Wetekina – Liberation Theology Te Timatanga – The Beginning He aha te mea nei ko te Rangahau Whakapono Wetekina? – What is Liberation Theology? Te Porohita Whakamārama – The Hermeneutic Circle Te Atuatanga me te Rangahau Whakapono Wetekina – Te Atuatanga and Liberation Theology - Te Rangahau Whakapono o Ngā Tāngata Whenua – Indigenous Theology He aha te mea nei ko te Rangahau Whakapono o Ngā Tāngata Whenua? – What is Indigenous Theology? Te Whakarāpopotonga – Summary 3 Te Wāhanga Tuawhā – Chapter Four 143 - 184 Te Tātaritanga o Ngā Tuhinga – The Analysis of the Written Material Te Whakatūwheratanga – Introduction Ngā Tuhinga nā Rt. Rev. Muru Walters – The Writings of the Rt. Rev Muru Walters (1935-present) - Ngā kōrero o mua – Background - Rite tonu te Atuatanga ki te Euro-Western Theology? – Is te Atuatanga the same as Euro- Western Theology? - Ko te Atuatanga me te “Rangahau Whakapono Whakataiwhenuatanga” – Te Atuatanga and “Colonisation Theology” - Ko te Atuatanga me he Huarahi Mātauranga Tikanga Tangata – Te Atuatanga and an Anthropological Approach. - Pēhea te Atuatanga e hono ana ki ngā whakapono o ngā iwi kē? How does te Atuatanga relate to the religions of other people? - Ko te Atuatanga me ngā tirohanga o te ao o ngā iwi kē – Te Atuatanga and the worldviews of other people. - Mehemea ko te Atuatanga he huarahi mātauranga tikanga tangata, ka puta mai ētahi pātai – Some questions arise if te Atuatanga is an anthropological methodology. - Ko te Atuatanga me te Reo Māori – Te Atuatanga and the Māori Language - Ko te Atuatanga me ngā whakapono Māori o mua, e rangi rawa ko ngā Kōrero o Io-matua. – Te Atuatanga and early Māori beliefs, especially the Io-matua Traditions - Ko te Atuatanga, te Karaitianatanga me Te Hāhi Mihinare – Te Atuatanga, Christianity and the Anglican Church - Ko te Tikanga Mihinare me te Tikanga Rongopai – Mission-centred and Gospel-centred Approaches. Ngā Tuhinga nā Robert Ihaaka McKay – The Writings of the Rev. Robert Ihaaka McKay (1958-present) - Ngā Kōrero o mua – Background - Ko wai te Ihu tika, te Ihu pono? Ko wai te Ihu o te hitori? – Who is the genuine and authentic Jesus? Who is the historical Jesus? - Ko te Atuatanga he Rangahau Whakapono Māori – Te Atuatanga is a Māori Theology - Pehea te Karaitianatanga o te Pākehā? Me waiho tēnā pea? - What about Pākehā Christianity? Should it be put aside? - Ko te Atuatanga, he Rangahau Whakapono Māori i waihangatia e te Wairua Māori – Te Atuatanga is a Māori theology shaped by Māori Spirituality. - Ko te Atuatanga me te Wairuatanga – Te Atuatanga and Māori Spirituality - Ko te Atuatanga me te Rangahau Whakapono Karaitiana – Te Atuatanga and Christian Theology. Ngā Tuhinga nā Māori Marsden – The Writings of Māori Marsden (1924-1993) - Ngā Kōrero o mua – Background - Ko te Atuatanga te tihi o te maunga tino teitei – Te Atuatanga is the top of the highest mountain.
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