THE

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

OF THE

GEOLOGICkL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

EDITED BY

THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Quod si cup mortallum cordi et curve sit non tantum inventis hserere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrare ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere ; denique non bclleet probabiliter opinari, sed certo et ostensive scire ; tales, tanquam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (si vldebitur) se adjuu[~ant. --Novum Organum, Pr~fatio.

VOLUME THE THIRTY-SECOND.

1876.

LONDON : LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER. PARIS: FRIED. KLINCKSIECK, II RUE DE LILLE; I~. SAVY, 24 RUE HAUTEFEUILLE. LEIPZIG : T. O. WEIGEL.

SOLD ALSO AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY.

MDCCCLXXVI, II.f~t

Olr TH]I

OFFICEB8 OF THB GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Elected February 18, 1876.

~reaiemt. Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S.

~iet~rrat21enta. Sir P. de M. G. Egerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. [ J- W. Hulke, Esq., F.R.S. R. A. (3. Godwin.Austen, Esq., F.R.S. ] Prof. A. C. Ramsay, LL.D., F.ILS. ~r David Forbes, Esq., F.R.S. [ Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A.

~'ordgn ~ttrttaq?. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.ILS.

Treasurer. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Esq, LL.D., F.R.S.

H. Bauerman, Esq. J. W. Hulke, Esq., F.R.S. Bey. T. G. Bonney, M.A. J. Gwyn Jetfreys, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S. W. Carruthers, Esq., F.R.S. Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S. Frederic Drew, Esq. J. W. Judd, Esq. Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S. Prof. J. Morris. Sir P. de M. Grey Egerton, Bart., M.P., Prof. A. C. Ramsay, LL.D., F.R.S. F.R.S. Samuel Sharp, Esq., F.S.A. Robert Etheridge, Esq., F.R.S. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. John Evans, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. Admiral T. A. B. Spratt, C.B., F.R.S. David Forbes, Esq., F.R.S. W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A. R. A. C. Godwin-Austen, Esq., F.R.S. Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A., F.L.S. Henry Hicks, Esq. Henry Woodward, Esq., F.R.S.

W. S. Dallas, Esq., F.L.S.

CI,~. [ Kibra~ ~[~i~tant. Mr. W. W. Leighton. [ Mr. W. Rupert Jones. ~u~eum ~i~tant, Mr. B. B. Woodward. TABLE OF CON.TENTS.

~age AITX~N Jo~, Esq. Observationson the Unequal Distribution of Drift on opposite sides of the Pennine Chain, in the Country about the source of the river Calder with su_~estions as to the causes which led to that result, together with some Notices on the High-level Drift in the upper part of the Valley of the river Irwell ...... 184 A~T.PORT, S., Esq. On the Metamorphic Rocks surrounding the Land's-End Mass of Granite. (Plate XXIII.) ...... 407 BELT, THOle[AS,Esq. The Drift of Devon and Cornwall, its Origin, Correlation with that of the South-east of England, and Place in the Glacial Series ...... 80 BV.TTX~'Y, G. T., Esq. On the Genus 2~lerycocheerus (Family Oreo- dontidm), with Descriptions of two new Species. (Plates XVII. and XVIII.) ...... 259 BONNEY, Rev. T.G. On Columnar, Fissile, and Spheroidal Struc- ture ...... 140 CLOVGX, C. T., Esq. The Section at the High Force, Teesdale .... 466 DAVIS, J. W., Esq. On a Bone-bed in the Lower Coal-measures, with an Enumeration of the Fish-remains of which it is prin- cipally composed ...... 332 DAWKn~S, W. BOYD, Esq. On the Mammalia and Traces of Man found in the Robin-Hood Cave ...... ".... 245 DAWSON, Dr. J.W. Notes on the Occurrence of.Eozoon canadense at C6te St. Pierre. (Plate X.) ...... 66 --. Note on the Phosphates of the Laurentian and Cambrian Rocks of Canada ...... 285 DUNCAlV, Prof. P.M. On some Unicellular Algae .parasitic within Silurian and Tertiary Corals, with a notice of their presence in Calceola sandalina and other Fossils. (Plate XVI.) ...... 205 -. On some Fossil Reef-building Corals from the Tertiary Deposits of Tasmania. (Plate XXII.) ...... 341 A2 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page ETHERIDGE~ ROBE]IT, Jun., Esq. 011 the Occurrence of the Genus .4strocrinites (Austin) in the Scotch Carboniferous Limestone Series, with the Description of a New Species (A. t~enniei), and Remarks on the Genus. (Plates XIL and XIII.) ...... 103 . On an adherent Form of Productus and a small Spirife~rlna from the Lower Carboniferous Limestone Group of the East of Scotland. (Plates XXIV. and XXV.) ...... 454 G~, JOHN, Esq. On the Presence of the Forest-bed Series at Kessingland and Pakefield, in Suffolk, and its position beneath the Chillesford Clay ...... 123 GUPPY, R. J., Esq. On the Miocene Fossils of Haiti. (Plates XXVIII. and XXIX.) ...... 516 HARRISON, WM. J.~ Esq. On the Occurrence of the Rh~etic Beds in Leicestershire ...... 212 HECTOR, Dr. Note to Mr. H. Woodward's Paper on a new Fossil Crab from the Tertiary of New Zealand ...... 53 Hxcxs~ H~RY. Appendix to Mr. J. E. Mart's Paper on Fossili- ferous Cambrian Shales near Caernarvon ...... 135 HvT~x~, J. W., Esq. Appendix to " Note on ,,a Modified form of Dinosaurian Ilium hitherto reputed Scapula ...... 364 IRvn~% Roy. A. On some recent Sections near Nottingham ...... 513 JUDD, J. W., Esq. On the Ancient Volcano of the District of Schem- nitz, Hungary. (Plate XX.) " 292 KEEPING~WALTER~ Esq. Notes on the Palaeozoic Echini. (Plato HI.) ...... 35 .... . 0n the Discovery of Melonites in Britain ...... 895 K~DALL, J. D., Esq. H~matite in the Silurians ...... 180 LAvIs, It. J. JOHNSTON, Esq. On the Triassic Strata which are exposed in the Cliff-sections near Sidmouth, and a Note on the occurrence of an Ossiferous Zone containing Bones of a Labg- rinthodon ...... 274 I~LoYI~, T. O. B., Es% Geological Notes from the State of New York 76 MAcxI~rosH, D., Esq. On the Correlation of the Deposits in Cefn and Pont-Newydd Caves with the Drifts of the North-west of England and Wales ...... 91 ~. On the Mode of Occurrence and Derivation of Beds of Drifted Coal near Corwen~ North W ales ...... 451 ]~kLLET, R., F_~. On the Mechanism of Production of Volcanic Dykes, and on those of 1~Ionte Summa ...... 472 MARR, J. E., Esq. Fossiliferous Cambrian Shales near Caernarvon. With an Appendix by HE~Y HIcKs, Esq ...... : . ... 134 TABLE OF CONTEiNTS. v Page MELL% Rev. J. MAGENS. On the Bone-caves of Creswell Crags .. 240 MVRPRY, J. J., Esq. The Glacial Climate and the Polar Ice-cap .. 400 NEWTON, E. TULLEY, Esq. On two Chim~eroid Jaws from the Lower Greensaad of New Zealand. (Plate XXI.) ...... 326 OWEN, Prof. On a new Modification of Dinosaurian Vertebra. (Plates IV. & V.) ...... 43 Evidence of a Carnivorous Reptile ( Cyno&'aco major, Ow.) about the size of a Lion~ with Remarks thereon (Plate XI.) 95 ~.. Evidence of Theriodonts in Permian Deposits elsewhere than in South Africa ...... 352 PENNIN% W. H, Esq. Notes on the Physical Geology of East An- glia during the Glacial Period. (Plate XV.) ...... 191 P~ILLIPS~ J. A. Esq. On the so-called "Greenstones" of Western Cornwall ...... 155 RAMSAY, Prof. A.C. How Anglesey became an Island. (Plate XlV. ) ...... 116 Note to Mr. Ramsay's Paper on the Influence of Various Substances in Accelerating the Precipitation of Clay suspended in Water ...... ]32 ~. On the Physical History of the Dee, Wales. (Plate XIV.) 219 RAMSAY, WILLIAM, Esq. On the Influence of various Substances in Accelerating the Precipitation of Clay suspended in Water. With a Note by Prof. Ramsay ...... 129 SEELEr~ Prof. H. GovmR. On the Posterior Portion of a Lower Jaw of Zabyrinthodon (Z. Zacisi) from the Trias of Sidmouth. (Plate XIX.) ...... 278 Notice of the Occurrence of Remains of a British fossil Zeuglodon (Z. Wanklynij Seeley) in the Barton Clay of the Hampshire Coast ...... 428 On an associated Series of Cervical and Dorsal Vertebra of Polyptychodon, from the Cambridge Upper Greensand, in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge ...... 433 On Crocodilus icenicus (Seeley), a second and larger Species of Crocodile from tha Cambridge Upper Greensand, contained in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge .. 487 On Macrurosaurus semnus (Seeley), a Long-tailed Animal with Proccelous Vertebra from the Cambridge Upper Greensand, ~reserved in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of vambridge ...... 440 On Remains of.Emys hordwellensis (Seeley) f~om the Lower Hordwell Beds in the Hordwell Cliff, contained in the Wood- wardian Museum of the University of Cambridge ...... 445 On the British Fossil Cretaceous Birds. (Plates XXVI. & XXVII.) ...... 496 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page USSHER, W. A. E., Esq. On the Triassic Rocks of Somerset and Devon ...... 367 WARD, J. (~LI~'vO~, Esq. On the Granitic, Granitoid and Associated Metamorphic Rocks of the Lake-district. (Plates I. & II.) .... 1 WILSON, E., Esq. On the Permians of the North-east of England (at their Southern margin), and their Relations to the Under- and Over-lying Formations ...... 533 WOODWARD~H_ENRY, Esq. On some New Macrurous Crustacea from the Kimmeridge Clay of the Sub-Wealden Boring, Sussex, and from Boulogne-sur-Mer. (Plate VI.) ...... 47 On a new fossil Crab from the Tertiary of New Zealand, collected byDr. Hector, F.R.S., F.G.S., Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand. With a Note by Dr. Hector. (Plate vii.) ...... 51 On the Discovery of a Fossil Scorpion in the British Coal- measures. (Plate VIII.) ...... 57 On a remarkable fossil Orthopterous Insect from the Coal- measures of Scotland. (Plate IX.) ...... 60 WOODWARD,HORACE B., Esq. Notes on the Gravels, Sands, and other Superficial Deposits in the Neighbourhood of Newton Ab- bot, Devonshire ...... 230 WORTH, R. N., Esq. On certain Alluvial Deposits associated with the Plymouth Limestone ...... 236

Annual Report ...... a 5 List of Foreign Members ...... 35 List of Foreign Correspondents ...... 36 List of Wollaston Medallists ...... 37 List of Murchison Medallists ...... 39 List of LyeU Medallists ...... 39 Anniversary Address ...... 53 Donations to the Library (with Bibliography) ...... ~33 LIST OF THE FOSSILS FIGURED AND DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

[In this list, those fossils the names of which are printed in Roman type have been previously described.]

Name of Species. I Formation. Locality. I Page.

PLANTtE. Palaeachlya perforarts. PI. xv ...... [ ...... 210

AMORPHOZOA.

Archm~ PI" x" f" I-3 "'" ) Laurcntian .....Canada ...... ( 71 Eozoon canadense. Pl. x. f. 4-I0. ' .... 66

CC~LENTERATA. Heliastrma tasmaniensis. PI. xxii. f. "~ 1-3 ...... 1/ Thamnastreea sera. P1. xxii. f. 4-6. Tertiary Tasmania ...... iJ 343342 sp ...... )! 344

MOLLUSCA.

( Braehiopoda.)

(Gasteropoda.) CaneeUaria epistomifera. Pl.xxviii.'~ [ f. 9 ...... | / 520 Cerithium uniseriale. PI. xxix. f. 4. l 519 obesum. PI. xxix. f. 9 ...... - 519 Clavatula labiata. P1. xxviii, f. 3 ... Miocene ...... Haiti ...... 527 Clea truncata. PI. xxix. L 6 ...... I 524 Conus marginatus. P1. xxix. f. 5... J I 528 Cypreea Gabbiana. P1. xxix. f. 10 .... 528 Fusus Henekeni. PI. xxviii, f. 2, 6..) J 524 **~ Vlll FOSSIL8 FIOURED AND DI~CRIBED.

MOLLUSCA (continued). I I Marginel|a Sowerbyi. PI. xxviii, f. 1 528 Murex cornurectus. PI. xxviii, f. 4 52I textilis. PI. xxix. L 1 ...... 522 Orthaulax inornata. PL xxviii, f. 8 520 Plwrus deleetus. P1. xxviii, f. l0 ... 528 Pleurotoma eonsors. PI. xxxviiL 527 fo ~ ,i,....o,...... ,.o... Miocene ...... ~Haiti 527 .~ squamo~a. PI. xxix. f. 7 ...... ~ 8igaretus exeentrieus. P1. xxix. f. 11 ] 519 Terebra suleifera. P1. xxix. f. 8 ... 525 Triton domingensis. PI. xxix. f. 2 [ I 521 Turbinellus ~lifwatus. PI. xxviii.[ f. 5, o.ooo,,,,...,,...... 523 haitensis. P1. xxix. f. 3 ...... J 522

ECHINODERMATA.

Archmocidaris Urii. PI. iii. f. 14-18... Carboniferous ...INorth Wales ...... 39 Astroerlnitem ? Benniei. P1. xii., xiii .... Carboniferous ...iScotland ...... 105 Melonites Etheridgii ...... Carboniferous ... Derbyshire ...... Pal~ehinus (?) intermedius. PI. iii. f. 9-11. Carboniferous ...iWexford ...... 37 gigas. PL iii. f. 12, 13 ...... Carboniferous...!Ireland ...... 38 Perisehodomus biserialis. P1. iii. f. I 1-5 ...... Carboniferous ...!Ireland ...... 35 R/meeA/nu~ irregularis. PL iii. f. [ 6-8 ...... Carboniferous ... lWexford ...... 37

ANNULOSA.

( Crustaeea. )

Callianassa isoclwla, PI. vi. L 1, 2 . Kimmeridge ...iSussex ...... 48 Harpaetoeareinus tumidus. PL. vii. iTertiary ...... INew Zealand ... 48 Meeochirus Ptytoni, PI. vi. f. 3, 4 ...... Kimmeridge { iSussex and 52 iBoulogne ...... }

(Arachnids.)

Emeorpius anglieue. PI. viii ...... [Carboniferous ...IScotland ...... t 58

(Inseeta. )

Gryllaeris Brongniarti. PI. ix. f. 2 ...... Carboniferous ...ISeotland ...... 60 Lib6omantie earbonariu~, P1. ix f. 1 .... Carboniferous...[Coalbrookdale ...... 62 FOSSILS FIGURED AND DESCRIBED ix

Name of Species. I Formation. I Locality. I Page

VERTBBR&TA,

(Pisces.)

Callorhynehus Hectori. P1. xxi. f. 6-91Lower Greensand New Zealand ...... 329 Ctcnacanthus, sp ...... [Carboniferous ... [Yorkshire ...... [ 335

Gen nov " ...... ~ .... "* Carboniferous "'" ~Yorkshire...... 1 339 Hoplonehu8 ...... Carboniferous... tY~ ...... 339 lschyodus brevirostris. PI. xxi. f. 1-5 LowerGreensand/New Zealand ..... , 327

( Batrachia.)

Labyrinthodon Lavisi. P1. xix ...... ITriassic ...... !Devonshire ...... I 278

( Reptilia. ) , 95 Pareiasaurus bombidens. P1. v. f. I 44 4-7 ...... Triassic South Africa ... 45 serridens. PI. v. f. 3 ...... " ...... I Tapinoc~halus Atherstonii. P1. iv. I f.l, 2 ...... 43 (.4yes.)

Enaliornis Barretti. P1. xxvi. f. 1-) 11, 14-27, and PI. xxvii, f. 1-5, I t i 12, 1 9-25 ...... ~ tUp~erGreensand ! Cambridge ...... 499 Sedgwicki. PI. xxvi. f. I2, 13, [ ! -- : and Pl. xxvii.f. 6,7,9-11, and 131~ i -is ...... /[ ! 506

( Mammalia. ) Meryeoeheerus Leidyi. P1. xviii .... ) 270 Miocene ...... ! ...... 269

A ~ EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATZ PACE I. ~ SEC'~ION8 OF GRANITOID ROCK8 of the Lake District, to illus- II. j trate Mr. J. Clifton Ward's paper on these rocks ...... 34 ~" PAI~OZOIC ECHINI, to illustrate Mr. W. Keeping's paper on III.( those Fossils ...... 42 ~ VERTEBRAEOF TAPINOCEPHALUS AND OF PAREIASAURUSBOMBI- IV" 1 VENS, to illustrate Prof. Owen's paper on some Dino- V. saurian Vertebr~ ...... 46 J'Nsw KIMMERIDGE-CLAY CRUSTACEA, tO illugtrate Mr. H. VI. ~ Woodward's paper on those fossils ...... 50 VII. ~ HAEPACTOCARCINUS TUMIDUS, to illustrate Mr. Woodward's ( paper on that species ...... 56 VIII. ~ BeI~SH FOSSIL SCORPmNS, to illustrate Mr. H. Woodward's l paper on those fossils ...... 58

IX. f LITIlo~rlS CAaBOIq/LRIUS,to illustrate Mr. H. Woodward's |t paper on that Insect ...... 64 f EOZOON AND ~RCHzEOSPII2ERIN~E,to illustrate Mr. J.W. Daw- X. [ son's paper on the occurrence of Eozoon at CSte St. Pierre. 74 ~ CVNODaACO MAJOR, to illustrate Prof. Owen's paper on that XI. ~ Reptile ...... 102 XII. ~[ AS~ROCRINI~ES?B~.NNI~.X, to illustrate Mr. R. Etheridge Jun.'s XIII. J paper on that fossil ...... 114 GEOLOGICAL MAP AND SECTION of Anglesey and the adjacent XIV. part of Wales, to illustrate Prof. Ramsay's papers on the Island of Anglesey and the Valley of the Dee ...... 122 MaP AND SP.CTmn of a part of East Anglia, to illustrate Mr. XV. W.H. Penning's paper on the Physical Geology of East Anglia during the Glacial Period ...... 204 XVI. ~ PAL~ACnVLA PRRFOaANS, to illustrate Prof. Duncan's paper ( on that plant ...... 210 XVII. f MRRYCOCHCERUSTEMPORALI8, to illustrate Mr. Bettany's paper on that fossil ...... :... 272 XVIII. { MERYCOCH(ERUSLEIDYI, to illustrate Mr. Bettany's paper on that fossil ...... 272 ]gXPLANATION OF PI~TES. xi

PLATE PA(~E XIX.'~ IL~ABYRINTHODONLAVISI, to illustrate Prof. Seeley's paper on t that fossil ...... , ...... f MAp of the District of Sohemnitz in Hungary, with Section, XX. to illustrate Mr. Judd's paper on the Ancient Volcano of that District ...... 324 XXl. f CRETACEOUSCHIM2$ROIDS, to illustrate Mr. l~ewton's paper ]~ on those fossils ...... 330 TASMAmAN~ CORA~S, to illustrate Prof. Duncan's ppa er on XXII. those fossils ...... 350 RocK SECTIONS, to illustrate Mr. Allport's paper on the Meta- XXlII. morphic rocks surrounding the Land's-End mass of Granite 426 X3[lV. ADHEREST PRODUCTI ~D SPIRIFERINA, to illustrate Mr. R. XXV. Etheridge Jun.'s paper on those fossils ...... 464 XXVI. REMAtNS OP BRITISH FOSSIL CRETACEOUS BIRDS, tO illustrate XXVlI. Prof. Seeley's paper on those fossils ...... 512 XXVIII. HAITIAN FOSSIL SHELLS, to illustrate Mr. R. J. L. Guppy's XXIX. paper on the Miocene fossils of Haiti ...... 532