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Lead, Zinc, and Fluorspar Deposits

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Lead, Zinc, and Fluorspar Deposits A, Economic Geology, 46 Professional Paper No. 36 B, Descriptive Geology, 58 ( C, Systematic Geology and Paleontology, 71 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DlKECTOK THE LEAD, ZINC, AND FLUORSPAR DEPOSITS OF WESTERN KENTUCKY BY E. o. and W. S. TANGKLER SMITH WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Page. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, BY C. W. HAYES...... ........................................... 5 PART I. GEOLOGY AND GENERAL RELATIONS, BY E. 0. ULRICH............................... 7 PART II. ORE DEPOSITS AND MINES, BY W. S. TANGIER SMITH ............................... 107 INDEZ.........................................J.......................................... 209 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. C., June 8, 1904- SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a report on " The lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of western Kentucky," by E. O. Ulrich and W. S. Tangier Smith, and to recommend its publication as a professional paper. Field work was carried on during the summer of 1902 under cooperative agreement with the State Survey of Kentucky, and a brief summary of the results was published in Bulletin No. 213, ''Contributions to Economic Geology for 1902." Prior to the investigation in 1902, however, Mr. Ulrich spent the greater part of two years (1889 and 1890) in the same territory, while attached to the Geological Survey of Kentucky. The field was again visited by Mr. Ulrich in 1903, and the results of all these studies are brought together in this paper. The district is one of peculiar interest,, having a complicated fault structure and unique lithologic and mineralogic associations. While the report contains much matter of purely scientific interest, it has been prepared with especial reference to the needs of the mining industry, and in such form that its conclusions should be of great practical benefit in developing the industry in this district. Very respectfully, C. W. HATES, Geologist in Charge of Geology. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. 5 LEAD, ZINC, AND FLUORSPAR DEPOSITS OF WESTERN KENTUCKY. Part I.-G-EOLOG-Y AND GKENEHAL RELATIONS. By E. O. ULRICH. CONTENTS OF PART 1. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. .................................................................. 15 Location and general features of the district................................................ 15 Geography and distinctive characters.................................................. 15 Topography..................x ..................................................... 15 Exploration and development............................................................ 16 Literature......................................................................... 16 Mining...........................................................................'. 20 Recent geologic work................................................................ 21 CHAPTER II. STRATIGRAPHIO GEOLOGY. ........................................................ 22 General statement...................................................................... 22 Table of formations..................................................................... 24 Devonian.............................................................................. 25 Ohio shale .................................................................... 25 Carboniferous........................................................................... 26 Tullahoma formation.............;..........................................'.... 26 Lithologic characters,....................................................... 26 Outcrops.................................................................. 27 Contemporary formations in other regions..................................... 27 Meramec group .................................................................... 28 Spergen limestone.............................................................. 28 Lithologic characters........................................................ 28 Topography................................................................ 29 Paleontology.............................:................................. 29 Distribution................................................................ 30 Nomenclature.............................................................. 30 St. Louis limestone............................................................. 31 Lithologic characters........................................................ 31 Topography................................................................ 31 Paleontology................................................................ 33 Distribution................................................................ 35 Nomenclature and correlation................................................ 36 Chester group...................................................................... 36 Character and subdivisions....................................................... 36 Generalized section............................................................. 38 Ste. Genevieve limestone........................................................ 39 General features............................................................ 39 Subdivisions........................ ...................................... 39 9 10 CONTENTS OF PAET 1. CHAPTER II. STRATIGRAPHJO GEOLOGY Continued. Page. Carboniferous Continued. Chester group Continued. Ste. Genevieve limestone Continued. Fredonia oolitic member..................................................... 40 Rosiclare sandstone member................................................. 40 Ohara limestone member.................................................... 41 Sections................................................................... 41 Topography................................................................ 44 Paleontology............................................................... 45 Distribution................................................................ 50 Derivation of name and synonymy............................................ 52 Cypress sandstone.............................................................. 53 Lithologic characters........................................................ 53 Topography................................................................ 53 Paleontology............................................................... 54 Distribution................................................................ 54 Nomenclature.............................................................. 54 Tribune limestone.............................................................. 55 Lithologic characters........................................................ 55 Topography................................................'................ 56 Paleontology............................................................... 56 Distribution................................................................ 59 Nomenclature and correlation................................................ 60 Birdsville formation............................................................. 60 Lithologic characters........................................................ 60 Generalized section......................................................... 61 Topography................................................................ 62 Paleontology............................................................... 63 Distribution................................................................ 65 Nomenclature and correlation................................................ 65 Pottsville group ................................................................... 66 Mansfield sandstone............................................................ 66 Lithologic characters ....................................................... 66 Topography................................................................ 68 Paleontology............................................................... 68 Distribution................................................................ 69 Nomenclature and correlation................................................ 70 Alluvial deposits........................................................................ 70 CHAPTER III. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE. ......................................................... 71 General features........................................................................ 71 Faults................................................................................. 72 General character of faults........................................................... 72 Tracing of faults................:...............................................-... 72 Division of faults into systems........................................................ 73 Date of faulting.................................................................... 75 CONTENTS OF PART 1. 11 CHAPTER III. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE Continued. Page. Faults Continued. Detailed description of faults........................................................ 75 List of faults and dikes.......................................................... 75 Northeast-southwest faults....................................................... 76 Undetermined fault......................................................... 76 Fairview fault.............................................................. 77 Rosiclare fault............................................................
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