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Science in Poland in 34 Snapshots

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Science in Poland in 34 in Poland Science Science in Poland in 34 Snapshots is not an attempt at ranking the best projects, scholars Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) or institutes. Its message is simple: the Polish scholarly centres constitute a part of global Main aims of Agency: Science research community and possess an interesting • Reinforcing the scientific excellence and valuable development potential. Each region • Internationalizing Polish universities and scientific institutions of Poland, each discipline and each institution • Promoting Poland as a country of interesting boast of individuals and teams who can become educational and research opportunities very attractive partners in ambitious, innovative in Poland • Promoting the Polish language and culture research work. nawa.gov.pl/en From foreword by Professor Tomasz Szapiro Snapshots in 34 Snapshots ISBN 978-83-954333-1-3 Location Facts Universities Gdańsk of Snapshots about Poland and research centres Olsztyn Szczecin in Poland Gorzów Toruń Białystok Wlkp. Bydgoszcz POPULATION MEMBER OF THE EU SINCE NUMBER OF STUDENTS NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS IN POLAND IN POLAND Zielona Warsaw Góra Poznań Łódź 38,43 2004 1.122 120,422 Wrocław Kielce Lublin 30 Opole SOPOT 5 34 million GDAŃSK million Katowice OLSZTYN SZCZECIN Kraków Rzeszów NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES IN POLAND 23 GDP COMPOSITION (2017) NUMBERS OF UNIVERSITIES TORUŃ AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES BIAŁYSTOK 1 6 8 12 13 Services. 57.4% IN EACH REGION OF POLAND INSTITUTES OF 4 14 WITH THEIR MAIN ACADEMIC POLISH ACADEMY RESEARCH 7 10 20 21 25 27 29 Industry. 40.2% 387 CENTRES UNIVERSITIES OF SCIENCES INSTITUTES TOTAL POZNAŃ 31 32 WARSAW 9 KÓRNIK Agriculture ..... 2.4% mazowieckie WARSAW. 94 ..... 36 ......69 ..... 204 KAJETANY 2 NUMBER OF RESEARCH ŁÓDŹ ŚWIERK ZIELONA 22 INSTITUTES OF THE POLISH wielkopolskie POZNAŃ. 36 ...... 6 ...... 8 ......51 GÓRA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 11 19 28 śląskie KATOWICE. 33 ...... 4 ......12 ......50 17 24 26 17 24 26 małopolskie KRAKÓW. 29 ..... 11 ...... 5 ......45 KIELCE LUBLIN WROCŁAW 68 dolnośląskie WROCŁAW. 33 ...... 2 ...... 4 ......39 GDP GROWTH łódzkie ŁÓDŹ. 23 ...... 3 ...... 8 ......34 OPOLE NUMBER OF OTHER RESEARCH 18 $367 bn $632 bn pomorskie GDAŃSK. 26 ...... 3 ...... 2 ......32 3 15 16 33 INSTITUTES IN POLAND KATOWICE lubelskie LUBLIN ................ 17 ...... 1 ...... 5 ......23 KRAKÓW RZESZÓW podkarpackie RZESZÓW. 18 ...... 0 ...... 0 ......18 118 kujawsko-pomorskie TORUŃ, BYDGOSZCZ ....... 17 ...... 0 ...... 1 ......18 zachodniopomorskie SZCZECIN ........... 16 ...... 0 ...... 0 ......16 podlaskie BIAŁYSTOK ............... 14 ...... 1 ...... 0 ......15 NUMBER OF INSTITUTES IN THE ŁUKASIEWICZ świętokrzyskie KIELCE .............. 12 ...... 0 ...... 0 ......12 RESEARCH NETWORK warmińsko-mazurskie OLSZTYN ............ 7 ...... 1 ...... 2 ......10 opolskie OPOLE. 6 ...... 0 ...... 2 ...... 8 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 38 lubuskie ZIELONA GÓRA, GORZÓW WLKP... 6 ...... 0 ...... 0 ...... 6 Source: World Bank national accounts data, OECD National Accounts data files (2019) Source: POL-on – Polish Higher Education Information System (2019) Science in Poland in 34 Snapshots Science in Poland in 34 Snapshots 7 Foreword Explore the World of Polish Science Łukasz Wojdyga NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, who 'stopped the Sun and moved the Earth,' Maria Skłodowska-Curie’s Nobel Prizes for her research on the radiation phenomena and discovering radium and polonium, the kerosene lamp invented by Ignacy Łukasiewicz, the Monte Carlo method devised by Stanisław Ulam, Hilary Koprowski as the inventor of the polio vaccine, discovery of vitamins by Kazimierz Funk, the Polish Enigma code breakers – mathematicians Henryk Zygalski, Jerzy Różycki and Marian Rejewski, Rafał Lemkin’s contribution to international law, Bohdan Paczyński’s gravitational microlensing... All these are beautiful and well-known pages in the history of Polish science. What is happening in Polish science today? Polish scientists continue to co-create the common structure of world science. They solve scientific problems individually and in re- search teams, often international ones, in modern laboratories, using extensive research infrastructures and in their own offices, at uni- versities and in scientific and research institutes dedicated to various fields and specializations of science, scattered all over Poland. 5 Foreword Collage of Science and Research Professor Tomasz Szapiro The book, which I am handing over to you, is an invitation to explore THE PUBLICATION you are holding in your hands was prepared with the fascinating, multifaceted world of Polish science and researchers, the support of the Scientific Committee I have the honour to chair. It observed at work, when they are genuinely passionate about their is composed of scholars with remarkable achievements in numerous scientific goals. I would like to thank the Conference of Rectors of scientific domains and extensive experience in carrying out and eval- Academic Schools in Poland for inspiration and cooperation during uating research projects. They had accepted the invitation to join the the process of preparing this publication. I wish you a great read! Committee, convinced that Polish research needs support in the form of professional promotion. Professional promotion of research – the mission of the Polish Agency for Academic Exchange NAWA – is the first stage of a most essential process, which will accelerate the pace of research, facilitate access to research funding and help Poland appear as an attractive partner to scholars all over the world. The starting point in the work on the present book was the mate- — Łukasz Wojdyga rial that had been gathered by the Conference of Rectors of Academic Director General at the Polish National Agency Schools in Poland and subjected to expert assessment. Thus, the for Academic Exchange NAWA Committee’s role consisted in specifying the criteria that the materials provided to NAWA had to meet in order to be included in the publi- cation and in pointing out any elements, which needed to be comple- mented or expanded. The limited size of the book, however, meant that it was necessary to select the content from a very broad range of studies carried out by Polish research centres. Accepting the fact that this would result in a less representative content of the book, the Committee recommended that the priority be diversity with regard to both the projects and their scale on the one hand and the prestige of the institutions they represented on the other hand. This selection is meant to showcase studies, which contribute to the global knowledge and science. As a result, we have created a collage of snapshots showing person- alities, discoveries and state-of-the-art of scientific infrastructure. It resembles an album from a journey across all of Poland with com- mentary in the form of data, interviews, figures and essays. Science in Poland in 34 Snapshots is not an attempt at ranking the best projects, scholars or institutes. The readers could easily add to it numerous other ‘snapshots’ with equally attractive content and high scholarly value. 6 7 Composition of the Scientific Committee Professor Ewa Bartnik Professor University of Warsaw, academic Mieczysław Muraszkiewicz field: natural sciences, biology Warsaw University of Technology, academic field: engineering and technology, computer science Professor Ewa Bińczyk Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, academic field: Professor Henryk Skarżyński humanities, philosophy Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, academic field: medical sciences, Professor Antoni Cygan otolaryngology Rector of the Academy of Fine Arts in Katowice, academic field: arts, painting Professor Roman Słowiński Vice-President of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan Professor Marek Krawczyk University of Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, academic field: engineering academic field: medical sciences, and technology, computer surgery, transplantology The essence of our message is simple: the Polish scholarly centres science, AI constitute a part of global research community and possess an inter- Professor Magdalena Król esting and valuable development potential. Each region of our coun- Professor Tomasz Szapiro Warsaw University of Life try, each discipline and each institution boast of individuals and Chair of the Committee, Sciences, academic field: teams who can become very attractive cooperation partners in Warsaw School of Economics, agricultural sciences, ambitious, innovative research work. This profusion can hardly be academic field: social sciences, cancer biology demonstrated on the pages of such a small book. We are merely economic science, management signalling the competences, resources and openness in every dimen- sion – to people and to ideas. Professor Joanna Kurczewska Professor Agnieszka Zalewska Thus, I would like to encourage you to engage in research with Institute of Philosophy The Henryk Niewodniczański Polish scholars. It is a road to your own 34, and perhaps even 134 and Sociology of the Polish Institute of Nuclear Physics snapshots and a fascinating new scholarly adventure! Academy of Sciences, academic of the Polish Academy field: social sciences, of Sciences, academic field: sociology natural sciences, physics — Prof. Tomasz Szapiro, Chair of the Scientific Committee 8 9 Contents p. 13 Natural sciences Snapshots 01 The OGLE Project: 08 Polish Polar Station Hornsund: The Largest Sky Survey A Unique Place for Research Worldwide 09 Climate Change: How Trees
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