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Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics Edited by Jeffrey Reeder Sonoma State University 1 Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics The papers that appear in this collection were created by undergraduates in the Spanish Program at Sonoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Fall 2007 Spanish 490 (Seminar in Linguistics) course taught by Dr. Jeffrey Reeder. Each of the students that wrote these papers also delivered their research findings to the public in a mini-conference presentation in the Schulz Information Center on December 3, 2007 and in a public poster presentation session in Stevenson Hall on December 5, 2007. Barring some formatting adjustments, the works that appear in this collection have not been edited for content. 2 Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics TABLE OF CONTENTS EVOLUTION OF A DISCOURSE STYLE: SHIFTS IN POLITICAL SPEECH PATTERNS IN THE SPANISH SPEAKING WORLD: ERIN MATTHEWSON ........................................................................................... 4 HOW FALSE COGNATES AFFECT BILINGUAL SPEECH PRODUCTION: MARISA L. GREEN ............... 14 LANGUAGE ATTITUDES OF NATIVE & NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS OF SPANISH TOWARD A VARIETY OF SPANISH DIALECTS AND VARIANTS: JULIE M. PORTILLO ............................................................... 21 L1 INTERFERENCE IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: BEGINNING AND INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH: DANIELLE H. STEWART ...................................................... 51 LAS SIMILITUDES Y DIFERENCIAS EN EL USO DEL SUBJUNTIVO EN LAS LENGUAS ROMANCES: TONY BROWN ........................................................................................................................................... 69 A PHONOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF FIVE UTO-NAWA LANGUAGES: O’ODHAM, YAKI, RARAMURI, WICHOL & NAWATL: ANDRÉS M. SABOGAL ............................................................... 77 PREFERRED SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER FOR ADULT ENGLISH-SPEAKING LEARNERS OF SPANISH: JOHN D. NOLAND .................................................................................... 95 CODE-SWITCHING IN THE MUSICAL GENRE OF REGGAETÓN/CAMBIO DE CÓDIGO LINGÜÍSTICO EN EL GÉNERO DE REGGAETÓN: MARGARITA OCHOA & JESSICA OLVERA.......................................... 113 POESÍA VANGUARDISTA LATINOAMERICANA: UN ANÁLISIS LINGÜÍSTICO DE LA POESÍA DE OLIVERIO GIRONDO: LUIS A. TIJERO ........................................................................................... 119 ANÁLISIS LINGÜÍSTICO DE CODE-SWITCHING EN LA PELÍCULA QUINCEAÑERA: ALFONSO RODRIGUEZ .................................................................................................................................. 130 MOOD VARIABILITY AMONG FIRST AND SECOND GENERATION SPANISH SPEAKERS: SARAH SYMONDS-WHIGHT & WHITNEY COLE .......................................................................................... 139 SPANGLISH, THE CREATION OF A MODERN LANGUAGE IN THE UNITED STATES: STEPHANIE J. MOHR ........................................................................................................................................... 147 SPANISH/ENGLISH CODE-SWITCHING IN A MEXICAN TELENOVELA: FORTUNATA T. LIMANDRI .. 155 A COMPARISON OF CHILD DIRECTED SPEECH IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH: ALLYSSA M. CORREIA 163 THE SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNER - FROM LEARNING THE LANGUAGE TO USING IT: DEBORAH L. LANTERMAN .................................................................................................................................. 171 EL SIGNIFICADO EXTRALÉXICO EN LA POESÍA DE PABLO NERUDA: JENNIFER A. CHAPIN .......... 179 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHONOLOGICAL AND LEXICAL VARIATION IN MEXICAN SPANISH: ANNE MARGO TYACK & MARY ELIZABETH A. GREEN .................................................... 220 A LINGUISTIC COMPARISON OF PLAY-BY-PLAY SPORTSCASTS BETWEEN BASEBALL AND LUCHA LIBRE IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH: MEGAN PARREIRA & KEITH KORBEL ....................................... 230 3 Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics Evolution of a discourse style: shifts in political speech patterns in the Spanish speaking world: Erin Matthewson Abstract This paper reports on an empirical study of political speech transition in the Spanish-speaking world, particularly Cuba. As an original study, much research was conducted online using previous studies of some relevance as a base comparison for this 4 Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics study, as well as an overall analysis of formal presidential speeches from Cuba, Spain and Venezuela. Comparable samples were taken from many speeches dating from 1953 until present day for these three countries. Several methods were used in determining the level of complexity of the speeches, including a readability analysis, and a text analysis. The results of this study indicate that there has been a definite transition in the type of speech used in Cuba throughout the past fifty years, and a general drop in grade level and sentence complexity overall. Data from Spain and Venezuela was far less abundant than that of Cuba and therefore it was difficult to find conclusive results. It is worth mentioning that the data that was found however appears to follow similar trends to that of Cuba, as well as an original study on the same topic that was conducted in the United States. Information for Spain and Venezuela will not be included in this study due to the lack of information available, however it is interesting to note some of the comparisons that were made throughout the research process and possible conclusions that can be drawn with that information. Results suggest that here may be an overall trend occurring in formal political speech in politically and economically diverse regions around the world. Without further studies, one can only hypothesize as to why these trends are occurring, and to what degree. Evidence shows that there may be some tactics used in modern political speech that are causing this transition to occur, most likely with the objective of reaching more people, and creating methods of effective communication. Introduction Very little research has been done on the topic of political speech patterns, and surprisingly, political speech analysis of any kind, appears to be a new trend as well. The study of language has recently become more central to those academic disciplines concerned with politics. Many new studies have been published in recent years explaining the convergence of politics and linguistics, two very different fields, and the results have brought about new studies in political speech analysis. “Political scientists are mainly concerned with the consequences of political decisions for a society, while linguists are interested in the linguistic structures used to get relevant messages across. A good linguistic analysis of political discourse cannot ignore the broader societal and political framework in which such discourse is embedded” (Schaffner). Therefore, we now have a harmonious combination of two very different fields of study coming together to form an interdisciplinary perspective which will undoubtedly yield interesting results. Political speech, at one time had very little impact or influence on people unconnected to the political world, but today this is hardly the case. Technology has brought the modern day politician right into our living rooms, and in the process has reshaped political speech as we know it. In January of this year, a study with the name “A tale of two dubyas” was completed and posted on the internet. It is a study of speech readability of the past eight presidents of the United States, and compares debates and state of the union addresses by mean grade level. The individual who conducted this test used five separate readability tests, the Gunning fog index, the Coleman Liau index, the Flesch Kincaid Grade level, the Automated readability index and the SMOG, all of which 5 Proceedings of the 2007 Undergraduate Conference on Hispanic Linguistics are very similar and gave similar results. The graphs that were created show the averages for each president and give data for both formal and informal speeches. The assumption was that the grade level would be higher for the more formal speeches, which are prepared ahead of time by a team of speechwriters, whereas the debates are a better representation of the type of language the president would normally use. The results show that there is a definite decline in the grade level of both formal and informal speeches throughout the past eight presidential terms, while formal speeches were generally two grade levels higher than informal speeches given by the same president. Aside from this study, no other political speech analyses were found, so the U.S. study remained the base for research, and analysis methods for the Cuba study. Political speech analysis is very interesting because political speech creates an image of what our current political system stands for and where we are heading in the future. In many ways, political speech is a type of propaganda, so it is important to pay attention to the type of information our government wants to sell at a particular point in time. It can be said that “Language is the life blood of politics. Political power struggles, and the legitimization of political
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