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2013 Croatian Report onISSN Drugs 1848 Situation-6762 13 20 1 2013 Croatian Report on Drugs Situation CROATIAN NATIONAL DRUGS INFORMATION UNIT 2013 NATIONAL REPORT (2012 data) TO THE EMCDDA by the Office for Combating Drugs Abuse of the Government of the Republic of Croatia CROATIA New Development, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues Zagreb, October 2013 Drawn up on behalf of the Office for Combating Drugs Abuse of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) 2 2013 Croatian Report on Drugs Situation Published by Government of the Republic of Croatia Office for Combating Drug Abuse Preobraženska 4/II 10 000 Zagreb Tel.: 01 48 78 122 Fax: 01 48 78 120 E-mail: [email protected] Web page: www.uredzadroge.hr For publisher mr. Željko Petković, univ. spec. crim. Edited by Josipa-Lovorka Andreić, MA in Crime Science Report prepared by: Lidija Vugrinec, MA in Crime Science Dijana Jerković, MA in Social Pedagogy Martina Markelić, MA in Sociology Marko Markus, MA in Sociology Jadranka Ivandić Zimić, PhD Sanja Mikulić, LLM Nataša Vukičević, Senior occupational therapist Josipa-Lovorka Andreić, MA in Crime Science mr.crim. Dubravko Klarić Smilja Bagarić, MA in Political Science Data providers: Croatian Institute for Public Health Ministry of Interior Ministry of Justice Other relevant governmental and non-governmental institutions Translated by: AION d.o.o. Proof-reading Marina Nimac, MA in General Linguistics and Phonetics Graphic design and print Tiskara Zelina d.d. 3 2013 Croatian Report on Drugs Situation Table of Contents Summary………………………………………………………………………………............. 6 Part A: New development and trends 11 1. Drug policy: Legislation, strategies and economic analyses ……...................... 12 1.1. Introduction….……………………………………………………………………………... 12 1.2. Legal framework..……………………………………………………………………....... 12 1.3. National Action Plan, Strategy, evaluation and coordination ……………..……......... 16 1.4. Economic analysis………………………………………………………………………... ..3 0 2. Drug use in general population and specific targeted groups………………......... 44 2.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 44 2.2. Drug use in general population ……………………………………………………......... 44 2.3. Drug use among school population and youth ………………………………............... 49 2.4. Drug use among targeted groups/ settings at national and local level….…..........…. 52 3. Prevention...................……...................……...................……...................……........ 56 3.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 56 3.2. Environmental strategies …………………………………………………………………. 57 3.3. Universal prevention…………….……………………………………………………....... 60 3.4. Selective prevention in at-risk groups and settings ………………..……………........ 65 3.5. Indicated prevention ………………………………………………………………........... 68 3.6. National and local media campaigns …………………………………………….......... 68 4. Problem Drug Use (PDU)…………………………………….…………….......................... 70 4.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 70 4.2. Mortality multiplier…………………………………………………………………………. 70 5. Drug-related treatment: demand and availability ………………........................... 72 5.1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………... 72 5.2. General description, availability and treatment quality assurance ………………..… 73 5.3. Access to treatment.…………………………............………………………………...... 82 6. Health correlates and consequences ……………………………………….………… 102 6.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 102 6.2. Drug-related infectious diseases …………………………………………………......... 102 6.3. Drug-related deaths and mortality of drug users……. ………………………….......... 103 4 2013 Croatian Report on Drugs Situation 6.4. Other drug-related correlates and consequences …………………………….......... 109 7. Responses to health correlates and consequences ……………………………… 111 7.1. Introduction..……………………………………………………………………………… 111 7.2. Prevention of drug-related emergencies and reduction of drug-related deaths...... 111 7.3. Prevention and treatment of drug-related infectious diseases with emphasis on 112 treatment of hepatitis C among injecting drug users ……….……………………………… 7.4. Responses to other health consequences among drug users ……..………………... 116 8. Social correlates and social reintegration …………………………………………….. 117 8.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 117 8.2. Social exclusion and drug use…….. ……………………………………………........... 117 8.3. Social reintegration ……………………………………………………………………….. 122 9. Drug-related crime, prevention of drug-related crime and prisons........…………. 133 9.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 133 9.2. Drug-related crime ………………………………………………………………............. 134 9.3. Prevention of drug-related crime ….……………………………………………………. 143 9.4. Interventions in the criminal justice system …………………………………………..... 145 9.5. Drug use and problem drug use in prisons …………………………………………….. 146 9.6. Responses to drug-related health issues in prisons ……………………………….….. 149 9.7. Reintegration of drug addicts after release from prison ……………………………… 155 10. Drug markets..…………………………………………………………………………….. 158 10.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 158 10.2. Availability and supply…………………………………………………………............... 159 10.3. Seizures……………………………………………………………………………........... 167 10.4. Price/Purity…..……………………………………………………………………………. 173 PART B: Bibliography and Appendices 18 0 11. Bibliography…………………………………….…………………………………........... 181 11.1. Alphabetical list of bibliographic references ..………………………………………... 181 11.2. Alphabetical list of databases ….………………………………………………………. 183 11.3. Alphabetical list of Internet addresses…………………………………...................... 184 12. Appendices….……………………………………………………………………............ 184 12.1. List of tables used in the text …………………………………................................... 184 12.2. List of figures used in the text …………………………………………………………. 187 12.3. List of pictures used in the text ……………………………………………………..... 188 12.4. List of acts and ordinances…………………………………………………………...... 189 5 2013 Croatian Report on Drugs Situation Summary Based on the reports of competent state administration bodies, public institutions, local and regional self-government units, civil society organisations and other relevant institutions, the Office for Combating Drug Abuse draws up the Annual Report on the Implementation of National Strategy and Action Plan on Combating Drug Abuse in the Republic of Croatia, which are adopted by the Government of the Republic of Croatia and passed by the Croatian Parliament. The concept and structure of the Report have been prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) for creation of standardised national reports on the drugs situation, since the Office, as the national coordination body for the implementation of the national drug policies, has the obligation to submit the report, translated into the English language, for the purpose of regular reporting on the drugs situation in the Republic of Croatia to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). So far 6 national reports have been submitted to the EMCDDA (2006-2011). PART A: New developments and trends Chapter 1 Drug policy: Legislation, strategies and economic analyses In 2012, significant progress was made in the creation of the penal policy in the area of drugs through the entry into force of the new Criminal Code. It, inter alia, introduced amendments to the criminal offence of drug abuse. In addition, new strategic documents were adopted for the following six-year period, namely the National Strategy on Combating Drug Abuse for the period 2012-2017 and the National Action Plan on Combating Drug Abuse for the period 2012-2014. Individual programmes in different areas of the drug policy were conducted in line with the above documents. This was reported by the competent state administration bodies, local and regional self-government units and civil society organisations. Their reports were included in this year’s report. A significant number of activities were focused on the organisation of different training courses with the aim to raise the knowledge level of entities involved in the programme implementation, on new trends in the area of combating drug abuse. They were aimed at ensuring prevention and treatment programme quality pursuant to the EU standards. In addition, with a view to create and implement an evidence-based drug policy a number of surveys were conducted, among which the Survey on public expenditures and establishment of the system for performance indicators in the area of drug abuse prevention in the Republic of Croatia should be emphasized. The results of the above survey allowed for the first time an overview of the total labelled and unlabelled public expenditures for activities focused on preventing drug abuse and drug addiction, as well as the creation of the methodological basis for their further monitoring. Chapter 2 Drug use in general population and specific targeted groups The results of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) and the Research on Substance Abuse among the General Population of the Republic of Croatia were presented in the 2011 Report on the Implementation of National Strategy and Action Plan on Combating Drug Abuse in the Republic of Croatia. In the 2012 Report emphasis is put on prevalence of legal substances and cannabis, and data on polyuse of drugs, and in the Research on Substance Abuse among the General Population
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    ACTA HISTRIAE ACTA ACTA HISTRIAE 24, 2016, 3 24, 2016, 3 ISSN 1318-0185 Cena: 11,00 EUR UDK/UDC 94(05) ACTA HISTRIAE 24, 2016, 3, pp. 463-688 ISSN 1318-0185 UDK/UDC 94(05) ISSN 1318-0185 Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko - Koper Società storica del Litorale - Capodistria ACTA HISTRIAE 24, 2016, 3 KOPER 2016 ACTA HISTRIAE • 24 • 2016 • 3 ISSN 1318-0185 UDK/UDC 94(05) Letnik 24, leto 2016, številka 3 Odgovorni urednik/ Direttore responsabile/ Darko Darovec Editor in Chief: Uredniški odbor/ Gorazd Bajc, Furio Bianco (IT), Flavij Bonin, Dragica Čeč, Lovorka Comitato di redazione/ Čoralić (HR), Darko Darovec, Marco Fincardi (IT), Darko Friš, Aleksej Board of Editors: Kalc, Borut Klabjan, John Martin (USA), Robert Matijašić (HR), Darja Mihelič, Edward Muir (USA), Egon Pelikan, Luciano Pezzolo (IT), Jože Pirjevec, Claudio Povolo (IT), Vida Rožac Darovec, Andrej Studen, Marta Verginella, Salvator Žitko Urednika/Redattori/ Editors: Gorazd Bajc, Urška Lampe Prevodi/Traduzioni/ Translations: Urška Lampe (angl., slo.), Gorazd Bajc (it.) Lektorji/Supervisione/ Language Editor: Urška Lampe (angl., slo.), Gorazd Bajc (it.) Stavek/Composizione/ Typesetting: Grafis trade d.o.o. Izdajatelj/Editore/ Published by: Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko / Società storica del Litorale© Sedež uredništva/Sede della redazione/ Address of Editorial Board: SI-6000 Koper/Capodistria, Kreljeva/Via Krelj 3, e-mail: [email protected], internet: http://www.zdjp.si/ Tisk/Stampa/Print: Grafis trade d.o.o. Naklada/Tiratura/Copies: 300 izvodov/copie/copies Finančna podpora/ Supporto finanziario/ Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije / Slovenian Financially supported by: Research Agency Slika na naslovnici/ Foto di copertina/ Picture on the cover: Nedelja v Peroju / Domenica a Peroi / Sunday in Peroj – August Tischbein, August Selb: Memorie di un viaggio pittorico nel litorale austriaco (Trieste 1842) Redakcija te številke je bila zaključena 16.
  • New Wave in Yugoslavia: Socio-Political Context  Udc 316.723:78(497.11)

    New Wave in Yugoslavia: Socio-Political Context  Udc 316.723:78(497.11)

    FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History Vol. 12, No1, 2013, pp. 69 - 83 NEW WAVE IN YUGOSLAVIA: SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTEXT UDC 316.723:78(497.11) Jelena Božilović University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Serbia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper analyzes the social and political implications of a popular culture music trend known as New Wave in SFRY. This trend was created in Great Britain and USA by the end of the 1970's but it "moved" to our country, as well, due to its opennes to Western culture. The Yugoslav New Wave was not a sheer copy of the Western trend but it managed to create its own original music expression becoming a phenomenon of one generation. The most popular new wave bands (Prljavo kazalište, Azra, Haustor, Film, Lajbah, Šarlo akrobata, Električni orgazam, Idoli) left a significant mark on the society, generation and the whole epoch not only in the sense of the music they created but also in the social, cultural and political sense. The New Wave was an avant-gard music trend whose ideals were reflected in simple musical forms, characteristic ideological engagement, visual presentations (music album covers and posters) and particularly in their lyrics full of irony, allusions and metaphors in relation to the establishment of the time. The paper compares the Western and Yugoslav new wave and punk music with a reference to their achievements and influence which is still present in contemporary culture. Key words: New Wave, Subculture, SFRY, Socialist ideology, Urban culture INTRODUCTION The new music trend, known as New Wave, originated in Great Britain and the Unated States of America in the late 1970s.