Microcos Antidesmifolia (Malvaceae-Grewioideae), a Poorly Known Species in Singapore

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Microcos Antidesmifolia (Malvaceae-Grewioideae), a Poorly Known Species in Singapore Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 72(2): 159–164. 2020 159 doi: 10.26492/gbs72(2).2020-04 Microcos antidesmifolia (Malvaceae-Grewioideae), a poorly known species in Singapore S.K. Ganesan1, R.C.J. Lim2, P.K.F. Leong1 & X.Y. Ng2 1Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore [email protected] 2 Native Plant Centre, Horticulture and Community Gardening Division, National Parks Board, 100K Pasir Panjang Road, 118526 Singapore ABSTRACT. A poorly known species in Singapore, Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret, is described and illustrated for the first time. In Singapore, it is known from the type variety, Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret var. antidesmifolia. Notes on distribution, ecology and conservation status are given. This species is assessed as Critically Endangered for Singapore. A key is given for the fiveMicrocos L. species in Singapore. Keywords. Conservation assessment, distribution, ecology, flora Introduction The genus Microcos L. comprises about 80 species that are distributed in tropical Africa (not in Madagascar), India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, south China and throughout Malesia (except the Lesser Sunda Islands) (Chung & Soepadmo, 2011). Until about 2007, Microcos was placed in the family Tiliaceae. However, phylogenetic analysis using both molecular and morphological data has led to the recognition of an expanded Malvaceae, composed of the formerly recognised families Malvaceae s.s., Tiliaceae, Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae, and for the Malvaceae s.l. to be divided into nine sub-families (Alverson et al., 1999; Bayer et al., 1999; Bayer & Kubitzki, 2003). This classification was adopted by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG, 2009, 2016). Here we follow APG and consider Microcos in Malvaceae, subfamily Grewioideae Dippel. Chung & Soepadmo (2011) recorded four species of Microcos in Singapore (M. globulifera (Mast.) Burret, M. hirsuta (Korth.) Burret, M. latifolia Burret, and M. tomentosa Sm.). An additional species, Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret, represented in Singapore by M. antidesmifolia var. antidesmifolia, was published in a checklist of the Nee Soon swamp forest in Singapore by Wong et al. (2013), bringing the total number of Microcos species in Singapore to five. However, apart from stating a conservation assessment of “presumed nationally extinct” in Wong et al (2013), no specimen data were provided, there is no description of this species in Singapore, and there is scant information on its overall distribution and ecology nationally. 160 Gard. Bull. Singapore 72(2) 2020 In January 2020, fertile specimens of Microcos were collected from remnant mixed dipterocarp forest in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve in Singapore. These specimens have a combination of the following characters that identify them as Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret var. antidesmifolia, and that are unlike those of any other Microcos species in Singapore: stipules caducous and lanceolate, leaf margin entire, leaf blade chartaceous, leaf midrib flat above, petiole apically not swollen, fruits pyriform in shape with a pseudostalk. Based on these new collections, the conservation status for Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret var. antidesmifolia stated as ‘presumed nationally extinct’ in Wong et al. (2013) no longer applies. Here the species is described and illustrated from Singapore for the first time, along with notes on its distribution, ecology and an updated conservation assessment. Also, a key to all species of Microcos in Singapore is provided. Taxonomy Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 780 (1926); Chung & Soepadmo, Blumea 56: 275 (2011). – Grewia antidesmifolia King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 60, 1: 113 (1891); Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 302 (1922). – TYPE: [Peninsular Malaysia], Perak, Larut, March 1883, King’s Collector 4029 (lectotype K [K000686832], designated by Chung et al. (2005)). (Fig. 1). var. antidesmifolia Tree about 8 m tall (in Peninsular Malaysia, up to 24 m tall). Twigs terete, grey, glabrescent, hairs stellate brown. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, densely stellate hairy on both sides. Leaves distichous; petiole densely stellate hairy, 6.0–8.5 cm long, apically not swollen; blade narrowly-elliptic, 5–11 × 2–3.5 cm, slightly lustrous when young, maturing mid to dark green, drying greenish-brown, chartaceous, glabrous above except for midrib and basal and secondary veins that are densely stellate hairy, yellowish-green below with indumentum similar to above except domatia sometimes present, base cuneate, symmetrical, apex blunt acuminate, margin entire, slightly revolute, midrib visible and flat above, prominent below, secondary veins 6–7 pairs (including 1 pair of basal veins), visible and flat above, prominent below, tertiary veins more or less scalariform, visible and flat above, prominent below, quaternary veins obscure and flat above, conspicuous and prominent below. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, Type B panicles (sensu Chung & Soepadmo, 2011), densely stellate hairy; inflorescence bracts caducous, narrowly oblong, densely stellate hairy on both sides, 3.0–3.5 mm long. Flowers greenish-yellow; outer involucral bracts 2–3 cleft, densely hairy on both sides, 4.0–4.5 mm long, lobes triangular, c. 1 mm long, smooth on outer surface; inner involucral bracts entire, oblanceolate, c. 3 mm long, densely stellate hairy on both sides; buds oblanceolate, densely stellate hairy, fully open flowers not yet known from Singaporean material. Fruits pyriform, ripening orange, Microcos antidesmifolia in Singapore 161 Fig. 1. Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret var. antidesmifolia. A. Fruiting branch. B. Inflorescences. C. Close up of fruiting branch. D. Fruits at different stages of maturity (from left to right) and its endocarp (far right-hand side). Scale bars: B–D = 1 cm. A, C & D from Lim SING2020-67; B from Lim SING2020-199. (Photos: X.Y. Ng). 162 Gard. Bull. Singapore 72(2) 2020 glabrous, 15–16 × 8.5–9.0 mm; pseudostalk 3.0–10 mm long, exocarp membranous; mesocarp fibrous; endocarp woody; pyrenes 3−4, fertile pyrenes 1−2, sterile pyrene 1, conspicuous. Seed one. Distribution. Formerly considered endemic to Peninsular Malaysia, now found extending southwards to Singapore. Ecology. In Peninsular Malaysia, it is found in freshwater swamp forest, lowland to hill dipterocarp and secondary forests. In Singapore it is found in a patch of mixed dipterocarp forest within Nee Soon swamp forest. Provisional IUCN conservation assessment. Only one mature tree has been seen in Singapore (the specimens collected are from this tree), with other smaller saplings less than 1 m tall and seedlings in the immediately vicinity. As there are fewer than 50 mature individuals, the national conservation status of Microcos antidesmifolia var. antidesmifolia in Singapore is assessed here as Critically Endangered (CR/D), following the criteria adapted by Davison (2008) from earlier IUCN guidelines. There is no global conservation assessment of this species, but its presence in secondary forests elsewhere suggests tolerance of disturbed sites and therefore it is not likely to be globally endangered. However, it is not known whether the distribution of this species is beyond the threshold for VU or that it is known from > 10 populations if within the threshold. This information will be available when the treatment for this species is completed for the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia. Specimens examined. SINGAPORE: Nee Soon Swamp: Seletar, 23 Jan 2020, Lim SING2020- 067 (SING) (fl. bud); ibidem, 19 Feb 2020, Lim SING 2020-199 (SING) (fr.). Notes. Peninsular Malaysian material will be used to augment the description for the forthcoming Flora of Singapore account, along with material from the Singaporean tree if it flowers before publication. Microcos antidesmifolia has two varieties, the one described above and M. antidesmifolia var. hirsuta (King) Burret. Microcos antidesmifolia var. antidesmifolia differs from M. antidesmifolia var. hirsuta in the following: leaf blade more or less glabrous below (versus sparsely hairy in M. antidesmifolia var. hirsuta), leaf base symmetrical (versus asymmetrical in M. antidesmifolia var. hirsuta), and inflorescences only Type B (versus both Types A and B in M. antidesmifolia var. hirsuta). Microcos antidesmifolia var. antidesmifolia is distributed in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (versus Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo for M. antidesmifolia var. hirsuta). The National University of Singapore team involved in the Nee Soon Swamp Forest floristic survey has also found a separate individual in the same area, about 0.5 m tall. More populations or individuals may be found if an extensive survey is to be done of the area. However, the number of mature individuals is not expected to exceed 50. Microcos antidesmifolia in Singapore 163 Key to Microcos in Singapore 1a. Leaf margin serrate, or dentate to jaggedly toothed towards apex; fruits subglobose to obovoid ........................................................................................ M. tomentosa 1b. Leaf margin entire; fruits pyriform, obovoid or ellipsoid .................................... 2 2a. Fruits pyriform, with pseudostalk ............... M. antidesmifolia var. antidesmifolia 2b. Fruits obovoid or ellipsoid, without pseudostalk ................................................. 3 3a. Endocarp woody; pyrenes 2–3, 1–2 sterile pyrenes conspicuous ........ M. latifolia 3b. Endocarp coriaceous; pyrene 1, sterile pyrene
Recommended publications
  • Microcos Paniculata: a Review on Its Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
    Chinese Journal of Natural Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019, 17(8): 05610574 Medicines •Review• Microcos paniculata: a review on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology JIANG Ying-Qun, LIU E-Hu* State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China Available online 20 Aug., 2019 [ABSTRACT] The shrub Microcos paniulata (MPL; Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phy- tomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of MPL indicate the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and organic acids. The MPL leaves, fruits, barks and roots extracts showed antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and insecticidal, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, blood lipids reducing, analgesic, jaundice-relieving and antipyretic activities, etc. The review aims to summary the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological bioactivity, quality control, toxicology and potential mechanisms of MPL. Additionally, this review will highlight the existing research gaps in knowledge and provide a foundation for further investigations on this plant. [KEY WORDS] Microcos paniculata; Botany; Traditional uses; Phytochemistry; Pharmacology [CLC Number] Q5, R965, R284 [Document code] A [Article ID] 2095-6975(2019)08-0561-14 Introduction lipids reducing, analgesic and jaundice-relieving activities of leaves, fruits, barks and roots extracts of MPL. Microcos paniculata (MPL), belonging to family Tili- In the current review, we aim at summarizing the tradi- aceae, is a shrub native to southern China, South Asia and tional uses, botany, phytochemicals, pharmacological activi- Southeast Asia. Microctis Folium (buzhaye in Chinese), the ties, quality control and toxicology of MPL leaves, fruits, dried leaves of MPL, is traditionally used as folk medicine barks and roots extracts reported over the past decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Plant-Animal Interactions: Linking Defaunation with Seed Predation, and Resource- Dependent Co-Occurrence
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2021 TROPICAL PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS: LINKING DEFAUNATION WITH SEED PREDATION, AND RESOURCE- DEPENDENT CO-OCCURRENCE Peter Jeffrey Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Williams, Peter Jeffrey, "TROPICAL PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS: LINKING DEFAUNATION WITH SEED PREDATION, AND RESOURCE-DEPENDENT CO-OCCURRENCE" (2021). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11777. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11777 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TROPICAL PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS: LINKING DEFAUNATION WITH SEED PREDATION, AND RESOURCE-DEPENDENT CO-OCCURRENCE By PETER JEFFREY WILLIAMS B.S., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2014 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology – Ecology and Evolution The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2021 Approved by: Scott Whittenburg, Graduate School Dean Jedediah F. Brodie, Chair Division of Biological Sciences Wildlife Biology Program John L. Maron Division of Biological Sciences Joshua J. Millspaugh Wildlife Biology Program Kim R. McConkey School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Williams, Peter, Ph.D., Spring 2021 Biology Tropical plant-animal interactions: linking defaunation with seed predation, and resource- dependent co-occurrence Chairperson: Jedediah F.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Successions After Shifting Cultivation in a Dense Tropical Forest of Southern Cameroon (Central Africa)
    Secondary successions after shifting cultivation in a dense tropical forest of southern Cameroon (Central Africa) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich 15 der Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main von Barthélemy Tchiengué aus Penja (Cameroon) Frankfurt am Main 2012 (D30) vom Fachbereich 15 der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität als Dissertation angenommen Dekan: Prof. Dr. Anna Starzinski-Powitz Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Katharina Neumann Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Wittig Datum der Disputation: 28. November 2012 Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION .................................................................................. 4 2.2. GEOLOGY AND RELIEF ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3. SOIL ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4. HYDROLOGY .................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: the Tiliaceae and Genustilia
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84054-5 — Lime-trees and Basswoods Donald Pigott Excerpt More Information Introduction: the 1 Tiliaceae and genus Tilia Tilia is the type genus of the family name Tiliaceae Juss. (1789), The ovary is syncarpous with five or more carpels but only and T. × europaea L.thetypeofthegenericname(Jarviset al. one style and a stigma with a lobe above each carpel. In Tili- 1993). Members of Tiliaceae have many morphological char- aceae, the ovules are anatropous. In Malvaceae, filaments of acters in common with those of Malvaceae Juss. (1789) and the stamens are fused into a tube but have separate apices that both families were placed in the order Malvales by Engler each bear a unilocular anther. Staminodes are absent. Each of (1912). In Engler’s treatment, Tiliaceae consisted mainly of five or more carpels supports a separate style, which together trees and shrubs belonging to several genera, including a pass through the staminal tube so that the stigmas are exposed few herbaceous genera, almost all occurring in the warmer above the anthers. The ovules may be either anatropous or regions. campylotropous. This treatment was revised by Engler and Diels (1936). The Molecular studies comprising sequence analysis of DNA of family was retained by Cronquist (1981) and consisted of about two plastid genes (Bayer et al. 1999) show that, in general, the 50 genera and 700 species distributed in the tropics and warmer inclusion of most genera, including Tilia, traditionally placed parts of the temperate zones in Asia, Africa, southern Europe in Malvales is correct. There is, however, clear evidence that and America.
    [Show full text]
  • Corchorus L. and Hibiscus L.: Molecular Phylogeny Helps to Understand Their Relative Evolution and Dispersal Routes
    Corchorus L. and Hibiscus L.: Molecular Phylogeny Helps to Understand Their Relative Evolution and Dispersal Routes Arif Mohammad Tanmoy1, Md. Maksudul Alam1,2, Mahdi Muhammad Moosa1,3, Ajit Ghosh1,4, Waise Quarni1,5, Farzana Ahmed1, Nazia Rifat Zaman1, Sazia Sharmin1,6, Md. Tariqul Islam1, Md. Shahidul Islam1,7, Kawsar Hossain1, Rajib Ahmed1 and Haseena Khan1* 1Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. 2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. 3Graduate Studies in Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 4Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India. 5Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA. 6Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. 7Breeding Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. ABSTRACT: Members of the genera Corchorus L. and Hibiscus L. are excellent sources of natural fibers and becoming much important in recent times due to an increasing concern to make the world greener. The aim of this study has been to describe the molecular phylogenetic relationships among the important members of these two genera as well as to know their relative dispersal throughout the world. Monophyly of Corchorus L. is evident from our study, whereas paraphyletic occurrences have been identified in case of Hibiscus L.
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Flora of Europe: Species Diversity, Temporal Trends, Geographical Patterns and Research Needs
    Preslia 80: 101–149, 2008 101 Alien flora of Europe: species diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs Zavlečená flóra Evropy: druhová diverzita, časové trendy, zákonitosti geografického rozšíření a oblasti budoucího výzkumu Philip W. L a m b d o n1,2#, Petr P y š e k3,4*, Corina B a s n o u5, Martin H e j d a3,4, Margari- taArianoutsou6, Franz E s s l7, Vojtěch J a r o š í k4,3, Jan P e r g l3, Marten W i n t e r8, Paulina A n a s t a s i u9, Pavlos A n d r i opoulos6, Ioannis B a z o s6, Giuseppe Brundu10, Laura C e l e s t i - G r a p o w11, Philippe C h a s s o t12, Pinelopi D e l i p e t - rou13, Melanie J o s e f s s o n14, Salit K a r k15, Stefan K l o t z8, Yannis K o k k o r i s6, Ingolf K ü h n8, Hélia M a r c h a n t e16, Irena P e r g l o v á3, Joan P i n o5, Montserrat Vilà17, Andreas Z i k o s6, David R o y1 & Philip E. H u l m e18 1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, Aberdeenshire AB31 4BW, Scotland, e-mail; [email protected], [email protected]; 2Kew Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; 3Institute of Bot- any, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 4Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected]; 5Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; 6University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology & Systematics, 15784 Athens, Greece, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 7Federal Environment Agency, Department of Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria, e-mail: [email protected]; 8Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser- Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Grewia Hispidissima Wahlert, Phillipson & Mabb., Sp. Nov
    Grewia hispidissima Wahlert, Phillipson & Mabb., sp. nov. (Malvaceae, Grewioideae): a new species of restricted range from northwestern Madagascar Gregory A. WAHLERT Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 (USA) [email protected] Peter B. PHILLIPSON Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 (USA) and Institut de systématique, évolution, et biodiversité (ISYEB), Unité mixte de recherche 7205, Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle/ École pratique des Hautes Études, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected]/[email protected] David J. MABBERLEY Wadham College, University of Oxford, Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3PN (United Kingdom) and Universiteit Leiden and Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden (The Netherlands) and Macquarie University and The Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000 (Australia) [email protected] Porter P. LOWRY II Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 (USA) and Institut de systématique, évolution, et biodiversité (ISYEB), Unité mixte de recherche 7205, Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle/ École pratique des Hautes Études, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected]/[email protected] Published on 24 June 2016 Wahlert G. A., Phillipson P. B., Mabberley D. J. & Lowry II P. P. 2016. — Grewia hispidissima Wahlert, Phillipson & Mabb., sp. nov. (Malvaceae, Grewioideae): a new species of restricted range from northwestern Madagascar.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/07/2021 08:53:11AM Via Free Access 130 IAWA Journal, Vol
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 27 (2), 2006: 129–136 WOOD ANATOMY OF CRAIGIA (MALVALES) FROM SOUTHEASTERN YUNNAN, CHINA Steven R. Manchester1, Zhiduan Chen2 and Zhekun Zhou3 SUMMARY Wood anatomy of Craigia W.W. Sm. & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae s.l.), a tree endemic to China and Vietnam, is described in order to provide new characters for assessing its affinities relative to other malvalean genera. Craigia has very low-density wood, with abundant diffuse-in-aggre- gate axial parenchyma and tile cells of the Pterospermum type in the multiseriate rays. Although Craigia is distinct from Tilia by the pres- ence of tile cells, they share the feature of helically thickened vessels – supportive of the sister group status suggested for these two genera by other morphological characters and preliminary molecular data. Although Craigia is well represented in the fossil record based on fruits, we were unable to locate fossil woods corresponding in anatomy to that of the extant genus. Key words: Craigia, Tilia, Malvaceae, wood anatomy, tile cells. INTRODUCTION The genus Craigia is endemic to eastern Asia today, with two species in southern China, one of which also extends into northern Vietnam and southeastern Tibet. The genus was initially placed in Sterculiaceae (Smith & Evans 1921; Hsue 1975), then Tiliaceae (Ren 1989; Ying et al. 1993), and more recently in the broadly circumscribed Malvaceae s.l. (including Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, and Bombacaceae) (Judd & Manchester 1997; Alverson et al. 1999; Kubitzki & Bayer 2003). Similarities in pollen morphology and staminodes (Judd & Manchester 1997), and chloroplast gene sequence data (Alverson et al. 1999) have suggested a sister relationship to Tilia.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaf Epidermal Micromorphology of Grewia L. and Microcos L. (Tiliaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
    Leaf Epidermal Micromorphology of Grewia L. and Microcos L. (Tiliaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo R. C. K. CHUNG Fore\t Resca~chInahlute Mal:~ycia Kepong. 52109 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia Abstract Leaf epidermal morphology of 5 spccics of Grcitlirr L. and 32 species of Microcns L. (including lheir type species) M>CI.C cxarninecl. C;reli'irr and Microc-11.5 hot11 have gland~~lnrand non- $andular trichomes. Trichome characrers alone cannot he used lor delimitiny Gr~it.ilrfrom ,2lic~r.oc~).\or lor distinguishin5 spccic.r within each genus. Five epidermal ch;iracters were useCul lor distinguishing the tuo senera in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Grcwirr species dil'i'er from 'Ilic.r.oc.o.\ slwcit.x in ha\ ins txiiating cuticular striation ol epidermallsubsidiar~r cells. predominanll! anornocytic stomata. stomata elliptic lo broadly elliptic in outline wilh mean lenglh 18.6-22.0 ym and average len:rlh-widlh (LIW) ratios of 1.2-1.4. The A4icwro.s species were charact~risedb! lhe ahsencc oi radiating cuticular strialion oC epidermal1 .;uhsidi;rr\ cells (except in ,\I. ioiiiorfosrr). prcdominmtl! parac! lic and aniwcytic stomata. stomata hroadly elliptic to oblate in outline with mean Icn~th12-16.4 pm and average LIW ratios of 0.9-1.1. Introduction The genus C;~ui,irrconsists of about 200 species of small trees and shrubs 01- rarely scandcnt shrubs, distributed from tropical Africa northwards to the Himalayas, China and Taiwan. south castwards to India. Sri Lanka. Myanmar. Thailand. Indo-China. Malesia. Tonga. Samoa and the northern parts of Australia. In Malesian region about 30 spccics are known.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fossil Record of Angiosperm Families in Relation to Baraminology
    The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 7 Article 31 2013 The Fossil Record of Angiosperm Families in Relation to Baraminology Roger W. Sanders Bryan College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Sanders, Roger W. (2013) "The Fossil Record of Angiosperm Families in Relation to Baraminology," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7 , Article 31. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol7/iss1/31 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship THE FOSSIL RECORD OF ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES IN RELATION TO BARAMINOLOGY Roger W. Sanders, Ph.D., Bryan College #7802, 721 Bryan Drive, Dayton, TN 37321 USA KEYWORDS: Angiosperms, flowering plants, fossils, baramins, Flood, post-Flood continuity criterion, continuous fossil record ABSTRACT To help estimate the number and boundaries of created kinds (i.e., baramins) of flowering plants, the fossil record has been analyzed. To designate the status of baramin, a criterion is applied that tests whether some but not all of a group’s hierarchically immediate subgroups have a fossil record back to the Flood (accepted here as near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary).
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeography of the Genus Microcos L. (Malvaceae, Grewioidae) in Africa
    Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 3-4: 269-271, 2006 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl Phytogeography of the genus Microcos L. (Malvaceae, Grewioidae) in Africa Eløbieta Czarnecka1, Justyna Wiland-SzymaÒska2 & Kinga GawroÒska3 1PoznaÒ University Library, Franciszka Ratajczaka 38/40, 61-816 PoznaÒ, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Plant Taxonomy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 PoznaÒ, Poland & Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] 3The Natural Collections, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 PoznaÒ, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the number of species of the genus Microcos in African countries. Species of this genus are confined to wet equatorial forests and mountain forests. Therefore a centre of diversity of the genus Microcos in Africa is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Areas of lower species richness are Cameroon, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. Several types of distribution patterns of species of Microcos were distinguished. Kew words: Microcos, Malvaceae, phytogeography, Africa, distribution, diversity The genus Microcos was described by Linnaeus Because our knowledge of the genus Microcos is so (1753). Later on, it was included into the synonymy of poor, it seemed to be interesting to start its study with a the genus Grewia as a separate section (Burret 1910, determination of the number of Microcos species in 1911, 1926). Microcos is distinguished by its preference African countries. No exact information concerning for wetter habitats, such as equatorial forests and tropical their distribution was available before.
    [Show full text]
  • LEAF ARCHITECTURE of SELECTED SPECIES of MALVACEAE Sensu APG and ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
    Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. IV (June 2010) LEAF ARCHITECTURE OF SELECTED SPECIES OF MALVACEAE sensu APG AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE ALLEN ANTHONY P. LARAÑO, AND INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR. Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños ABSTRACT The leaf architecture of Malvaceae sensu APG was examined and characterized to determine if it can be used in classification of the family and the identification of its species. Forty species were observed, measured and described. A dichotomous key was constructed based solely on leaf architecture characters. The dichotomous key indicated that leaf architecture characters can be used in distinguishing some species of Malvaceae sensu APG. Some basic leaf architectural characters can also be used in describing certain clades within the family. It is recommended that specimens are collected personally instead on relying on available specimens in the herbarium. Preparation of leaf skeletons through clearing method can also be done in future studies. Increase of sample size is also recommended. KEYWORDS: leaf architecture, APG, classification INTRODUCTION Malvaceae Jussieu, nom. cons is a newly circumscribed family of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG, 2003). This family now comprises 243 genera and 4225 species which are mainly tropical in distribution. In the APG system, member families of Malvales like Sterculiaceae, Bombacaceae, Tiliaceae and Malvaceae sensu strictu were merged to become Malvaceae sensu APG (or lato). This lumping of families became controversial and gained criticism from some taxonomists. Cheek (2006, see also Cheek in Heywood et. al., 2007, Stevens, 2010) opts for a full dismemberment of the super family into ten separate families (Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Durionaceae, Brownlowiaceae Byttneriaceae, Helicteraceae, Pentapetaceae, and Sparrmanniaceae).
    [Show full text]