Index of Manuscripts

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19839-5 — Writing the Early Medieval West Edited by Elina Screen , Charles West Index More Information 301

Augsburg Le Mans Bischöl iche Ordinariatsbibliothek, Bibliothèque Municipale, MS 77, MS 2, 134 207 , 208 London Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek British Museum, BM Add. MS 37768 Class. 34, 21 (Lothar Psalter), 251 Lit. 131, 82 Lucca Med. 1, 126 Biblioteca Capitolare 490, 122 Msc. Patr. 61, 133 , 136 , 139 – 42 Biblioteca Governativa cod. 296, Berlin 121 , 122 Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Preussische Lyon Kulturbesitz Diez B. Sant. 66, 54 , Bibliothèque municipale, MS 620 137 , 138 , 142 (537), 134 Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Preussische Kulturbesitz, Theol. lat. fol. 260, 257 Milan Brussels Biblioteca Ambrosiana Cimelio S.P. 11/ Bibliothèque Royale, 5413-22, 177 1, 27 Biblioteca Ambrosiana MS G.108 Cambrai inf., 120 Bibliothèque Municipale 164 (olim Biblioteca Ambrosiana MS C 77 159), 206n. 16 , 208 sup., 134 Cava dei Tirreni Monte Cassino Archivio della Badia della SS. Trinità Archivio dell’Abbazia MS 3, 139 MS 2 (23), 142 Archivio dell’Abbazia MS 275, 137 Archivio della Badia della SS. Trinità Archivio dell’Abbazia MS 332, 139 MS 4, 139 Archivio dell’Abbazia MS Cologne 753, 133 – 4 Dombibliothek, MS 106, 144 Munich Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm Florence 337, 119 Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm Amiatino 1 (Codex Amiatinus), 34 13038, 149 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14388, Karlsruhe 114 , 146 – 68 Badische Landesbibliothek, MS Aug. Bayerischen Hauptstaatsarchiv HL LVII, 143 Freising 3a (Cozroh-Codex), 9 Kassel Landesbibliothek Theol. 65, 27 Naples Koblenz Biblioteca Nazionale, Gr. 1., 120 Landeshauptarchiv, Bestand 18, New York no. 2087 (Urbar , polyptych of Pierpont Morgan Library, Prüm), 258 G 57, 207

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19839-5 — Writing the Early Medieval West Edited by Elina Screen , Charles West Index More Information 302

302 Index of Manuscripts

Paris Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 759, 126 Bibliothèque Mazarine, MS 660, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 761, 126 136 , 140 Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 762, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 123 , 126 lat. 335, 139 Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 855, 141 –2 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 876, 142 lat. 2026, 134 Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 878 Bibliothèque nationale de France, (Walahfrid Strabo’s Vademecum), 80 , lat. 2290, 207 97 , 125 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 914, 59 lat. 2291, 207 Stockholm Bibliothèque nationale de France, Kungliga Biblioteket, Holm. A 136, lat. 2718, 242 207 , 208 Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 2991, 208 Trent Bibliothèque nationale de France, Castel del Buon Consiglio, no number lat. 5724, 21 (olim codex Vindobonensis 700), 208 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Trier lat. 5725, 21 Stiftsbibliothek Trier, Hs. 1709 (Liber Bibliothèque nationale de France, Aureus), 251 , 258 , 259 , 260 lat. 5726, 21 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Vatican lat. 6256, 26 Biblioteca Apostolica, Pal. lat. 187, 121 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Biblioteca Apostolica, Pal. lat. 576, lat. 7530, 135 – 9 , 142 114 , 175 – 81 Bibliothèque nationale de France Biblioteca Apostolica, Pal. lat. 12048 (Sacramentary of lat. 1088, 123 Gellone), 208 Biblioteca Apostolica, Reg. lat. 418, 173 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Biblioteca Apostolica, Reg. lat. lat. 16025, 26 1004, 123 Biblioteca Apostolica, Reg. lat. Reims 1324, 141 Bibliothèque Municipale 213, 207 Biblioteca Apostolica, Reg. lat. Rome 1823, 134 Biblioteca Casanatense, MS 641 (B IV Biblioteca Apostolica, Urb. lat. 67, 141 18), 143 Verona Biblioteca Vallicelliana MS I 76, 174, Biblioteca capitolare, MS LV (53), 134 175 , 180 Biblioteca capitolare, MS LXVII (‘Catechesis Veronense’), 144 San Marino (California) Vienna Huntington Library, HM 41785, 207 Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, St Petersburg Cod. 473, 248 Public Library, Q v I 41, 207 Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, St-Gall Cod. 958, 207 Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 217, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 126 , 127 Cod. 2425, 122

General Index

Aachen Alexander the Great, 38 court, 234 Alexandria, 120 mint, 219 – 28 Algeria, 198 , 200 palace, 169 , 184 , 204 , 214 , 221, 228 , almsgiving, 226 , 232 229 , 251 , 253 , 254 alphabet and alphabets, 34, 140 , 198 Abel, co-abbot of Lobbes, 74 , 75 alphabetical order, 117 , 126 , 146 , 147 , Achlum, Friesland, 226 151 – 2 , 155 , 157 , 162 Adalbero, archbishop of Reims, 75 Greek, 151 , 163 Adalhard of Corbie, 49 Latin, 151 , 163 Adelperga, Lombard princess, 55 Libyco-Berber, 198 Ademar of Chabannes, 258 Alps, the, 20n.29 , 23 , 55 , 133 , 134 , 139 , Admonitio Generalis, 3 , 209 142 , 145 Ado, archbishop of Vienne, 250 altars, 72 , 78 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 124 , Adomnán, 29t.2.4, 30n.81 204 , 257 Adriatic, 128 Altava, town, 185 , 187 , 188 , 190 , 191, Adventius, bishop of Metz, 174, 175 , 178, 192, 193 , 194, 196 , 200 179 , 180 , 181 , 256 Amalarius of Metz, 14, 84 , 86 , 87 , 89n.45 , Aeneas, 39 91 , 94 , 96n.87, 98 – 9 , 210 Aeneas Silvius, 39 De ordine antiphonarii, 14 , 98 – 9 Æthelberht, king of Kent, 46 Liber officialis, 81 , 82 , 84 , 98 Africa and Africans, 108 , 109, 117 , 167 Amandus, St, 76 Moorish kingdom, identities, 186, 190 , Ambrose, St, bishop of Milan, 90 , 93 192, 196 , 201 , 202 Ambrosiaster, 174 , 179 , 179n.39 Moorish North Africa, 183, 185 – 201 Ammianus Marcellinus, 20 Africa Proconsularis, 190 Amolo, archbishop of Lyon, 30 Agadir, later Tlemcen, 188, see also Andernach, battle of, 212 Tlemcen angels, 34 , 258 Agen, 219 Angilberga, empress, 252 Agnellus, physician, 120 Angilbert of Metz, 138 Agobard, archbishop of Lyon, 210 Anglo- Saxons and Anglo-Saxon England, Ain Témouchet, 188 37 , 42n.38, 43 , 45 , 46 , 116n.4 , 162, Airlie, Stuart, 252 see also England Aistulf, king of Lombards, 50 Annales Bertiniani, 172 Ala Miliaria (Beniane), 189 , 190 Annales Einhardi, see Annales regni Alban, St, 44 Francorum Albulae, town, 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 Annales Fuldenses, 259 Alcuin of York, 54 , 57 , 99 , 141 , 143 , 144 , Annales Laureshamenses, 235 – 41 204n.7 , 205 , 206 , 206n.18 Annales Mettenses Priores, 248n.1 Alemannia, 143 , 231 Annales Mosellani, 238 , 239 Alétran, abbot of Lobbes, 65 Annales Nazariani, 237 Alexander I, pope, 40 Annales Petaviani , 238 Alexander of Tralles, 120, 123 , 125 Annales Prumienses, 256

303

304 General Index

Annales regni Francorum, 22 , 211 , 232 , baptism, 46 , 71 , 82 , 89 , 92 , 94 , 250 235 , 238, 239 – 41 , 248 Barcelona, 211 revised version, 239 – 41 Battestini, E., 199 annals, 14, 171 , 232 , 235 – 41 , see also Bavaria and Bavarians, 60 , 133 , 149 , 231 , individual annals 233 , 241 , 242, 243 , 248 Ansegis, archbishop of Sens, 172 Beccaria, Augusto, 116 Anselm, St, abbot of Nonantola, 135 Béchar, Algerian province, 200 Anson, hagiographer, 76 Bede, 13 , 26 , 28 , 29t.2.4, 30 , 33 – 48 , 49 , Anthimus, medical author, 125 , 126 53 , 84 , 102 , 142 Antoin ad Scalam, monastery, 75 chronicles, 34 , 38 – 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 Antonius Musa, author of herbal, 121 exegetical works, 34 – 7 Apuleius, Pseudo-, 118 , 121 , 122 , 126 Historia Ecclesiastica, 33 , 41 , Aquae Sirenses (Bou Hanifa), 189 , 190 , 191 44 – 7 , 51 , 53 Aquitaine, 236 , 237 Belgium, 226 Arabia and Arabic world, 118 , 124 , Belisarius, general, 58 128 , 199 bells, 78 , 79 Arabic language and learning, 116, 124 , Benedict Biscop, 41 , 42 , 45 127 , 128 , 130 , 198 Benedict III, pope, 177 Arbeo, bishop of Freising, 242 Benedict of Aniane, St, 96n.85, 206 , archives, 6 , 75 , 77 , 175 , 180 , 249 , 250 206n.18, 207 , 208 Arians, 90 Benedict of Nursia, St, 57, 58 , 59 , 60 , 93 , Arichis, duke of Benevento, 52, 53n.19 , 96n.86, 131 , 132 , 145 , 258n.60 136n.26 Benedict, archbishop of Milan, 53n.21 Ark of the Covenant, the, 84 , 89 Benevento, 59n.49 , 119 , 143n.69 Arles, 219 , 220 , 222 , 225 , 226 , 227 duchy, 60 , 134 , 145 artists and craftsmen, 191 , 195 , 201 , 222 script, 133 , 134 , 137 , 139 , 140 Assuer, abbot of St-Goar, 244 Bernard of Italy, 239 – 41 , 246 Assyrians, 106, 107 , 108 , 109 Bertha of Tuscany, 252 Audoin of Rouen, 21 Bertha, daughter of Lothar I, 251 Augsburg, 134 , 135 Bertrada, foundress of Prüm, 255 Augustine of Canterbury, 43 , 46 Bertrada, queen, 255 Augustine of Hippo, 20 , 25 , 28 , 37 , 53 , Bible, 28 , 35 , 37 , 100 , 102, 103 , 104, 106 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 86n.31 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 107 , 114 , 147 , 157 , 158 , 160 , 162 , 95n.81 , 117 163 , 167 Augustus, emperor, 16 , 36 , 47 , 109 New Testament, 35 , 76 , 81 , 94 , 102 Aulne, dependent cell, 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 78 Old Testament, 13 , 60 , 76 , 81 , 84 , 85 , Aurelia Cursen, 191 86 , 90 , 100 , 103 , 104 , 111 , 237 Aurelian, emperor, 58 Biddle, Martin, 226 Austrasia, 237 bilingual writings and bilingualism, 117 , Austria, 228 138, 189 , 198 , 201 authority, 230 , 235 Bir Trouch, 186 abbatial, 65 , 67 , 73 , 139 Bischoff, Bernhard, 126, 140 , 149 , 159 , Christian, 4 160 , 161 , 175 of Rome, 13 , 49 – 57 , 172 bishops, 33 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 46 , 51 , 52 , 65 , of texts and the written word, 7 , 8 , 67 69 , 70 , 75 , 76 , 143 , 169 , 170 , 171 , papal, 52 , 145 , 181 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176, 176t.11.1, patristic, 30 , 88 , 92 , 108 178 , 180 , 181 , 190 , 207 , 211 , 212 , royal, 183 , 185 , 192 , 216 258 , see also chorbishops, individual Avars, 60 , 60n.57 , 138 , 211 , 231 , 232 , bishops and bishoprics 233 , 236 Blackburn, Mark, 220 , 224 Avitus of Vienne, 54 , 119 Bloch, Herbert, 132 boats, see ships Babylon, 37, 39 , 40 , 108 , 109 Bobbio, 28, 28n.76, 28n.76, 134 , 142 , 143 Balderic, bishop of Liège, 72 Boniface, missionary, archbishop of balms, 124 , 129 , 149 , 150 , 158 – 61 , 162 Mainz, 133 Banu Ifran, the, 188 Boniface, pope, 94

General Index 305

book lists, 54 , 82 , 93 , 138 , see also library Ceolfrith, abbot, 34 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 catalogues chanceries, 250, 251 , 254 , 260 books, acquisition, 42, 79 , 135, 143 , 162 chant, 14 , 42 , 46 , 88 , 90 , 93 , 98 , 99 , 100 , bookstand, 78 101 , 103 , 105 , 108 , 118 Borne, coin hoard, 219 chapels, 196, 200 , 232 Boso of Provence, 252 Aachen, 221, 222 , 228 Bourges, 215 , 219 imperial, 80 Bourque, Emmanuel, 209 chaplains, royal, 232 Brescia, 59 , 251 Chapman, Honora, 30 Brézina Oasis, 200 Charibert, Count of Laon, 255 Britain and British, 44, 45 , 45n.54 , Charlemagne, emperor, 3, 49 , 50 , 54 , 46 , 162 56 – 7, 59 , 60 , 60n.55, 61 , 126 , Roman Britain, 40 , 44 128 , 131 , 136 , 138 , 139 , 143 , 144 , British Isles, 135n.20 155 , 183, 184 , 203 – 7 , 206n.18, Brittany, 211 209 , 211 , 212 , 230 – 46 , 248 , 253 , Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, 69 , 70 258n.60 Burchard of Worms, 19 canal-building, 232 Büren, V. von, 21 coinage, 213 – 29 Burgundy, 69, 144n.73 circulation, 217 – 19 burials, 43 , 71 , 193 , 200 , 202 , 250 , 251 , monogram type, 214 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 253 , 259 219 , 223 , 224 , 225, 226 , 227 Byzantium, Byzantine, 128 , 186 , 200 , 220 portrait type, 219 – 28 pre- reform type, 214 , 216 , 218 Caedwalla, king of Wessex, 45 , 53 , 54 reform of 793, 214 , 216 , 217 Caelius Aurelianus, physician, 117 , standardisation and 119 , 126 centralisation, 214 – 17 Caesarius of Arles, 118 conquest of Lombardy, 13 , 50 , 52 , 56 , Caesarius, abbot of Prüm, 258 60 , 135 , 136 calendars, 43 , 104 , 106 , 110 , 137 , imperial title, 60 , 204 , 220 , 221 , 222 137n.34 , 143 portrait of emperor, 222 Cameron, Alan, 20 Charles the Bald, emperor, 80, 207 , 211 , Canary Islands, 197 212 , 245 , 249 , 252 , 253 , 254 , 255 canon law, 62 , 80 , 82n.13 , 173 , 173n.20, Charles the Straightforward, king of West 174 , 206 Francia, 258 Canterbury, 159 , 162 Charles the Younger, 236 , 244 , 245 capitularies, 213, 217 , 242 Charles, king of Provence, 250 , 251 Admonitio Generalis, 3 , 209 charters, 2 , 10 , 42 , 60n.55, 75 , 77 –8 , 113 , Capitulare de moneta, c . 820, 217 173, 241 , 242 , 244 , 246 , 249 , 250 capitulary of Thionville, 806, 220 study of, 4 – 8 De villis, 125 Château Roussillon, coin hoard, 219 ‘programmatic’ (802), 204 Chelles, 216 Carloman, brother of Charlemagne, China, 124 248 , 256 chorbishops, 177 , 178 Carloman, mayor of palace, 133 , 250 Christiana religio inscription, 220 , 221 , Carloman, son of Charlemagne, see Pippin 223 , 224, 225 , 226 , 227 of Italy chronicles, 14, 41 , 77 , 106 , 110 Carolingians, see Francia, Franks , chronology, 13 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 89 , 138 individual rulers and themes church buildings, 46 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 71 , Carthage, 108 , 186 , 190 72 , 75 , 78 , 99 , 190 , 191 , 225 , 242 , cartularies, 10, 77 , 78 , 80 , 251 , 258 253 , 257 Cassiodorus, 21 , 27 , 28 , 54 , 90 , 116 , 119 , Church Fathers, 30 , 90 , 92 , 97 120 , 138n.37, 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 Church, the, 36 , 37 , 38 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 51 , Cassius Felix, physician, 117 88 , 89 , 92 , 94 , 101 , 102 , 110 , 111, Castra Nova, town, 190 190, see also individual churches Cathwulf, priest, 57 Cicero, 21n.36 , 34 Cazier, Pierre, 133 , 134 , 135 Cicero, Pseudo-, 151

306 General Index

Cirta, 117 Cozroh of Freising, 9 cities, see individual towns and cities Cremona, 253 Clanchy, Michael, 4 Crespin, monastery, 66 Claudian, 54 cubiculum, 206 , 209 Claudius, bishop of Turin, 28 Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, 41 Clement I, pope, 46 Cyneheard, bishop of Winchester, 125 Codex epistolaris Carolinus, 61 Cyril, Pseudo-, Greek- Latin glossary, 151 coin dies, 221, 222 , 223, 224 , 227 coins and coinage, 183 , 184 Damous, 189 Arabic, 128 Danube, river, 231 , 232 circulation, 213 , 217 – 19 dating systems, 41, 44 , 45 , 187 , 191 , 192, of Charlemagne, 213 – 29 194 , 202 Cologne, 178n.37 , 179 Davies, Wendy, 6 Columba, St, 44 Dax, 219 Columnata (Sidi Hosni), 189 De Excidio Hierosolymitano (‘Hegesippus’), computus, 29 , 38, 138 25 , 27 , 28 , 28n.76 , 29 Conant, Jonathan, 190 de Jong, Mayke, 104 concubines, 233 , 234 , 236 , 238 , De ordine palatii, 217 251 , 258 Defensor of Ligugé, 28, 30n.82 confraternity books, 236 demons, 85 , 258 Constance, Lake, 142 , 143 , 145 Desiderius, abbot, 137 Constantine, emperor, 40 , 46 , 250 Desiderius, king of Lombards, 50 , 135 Constantinople, 55 , 99 , 117 Dhuoda, Frankish noblewoman, 246 coronation, 204 , 220 , 221 , 252 Dierkens, Alain, 65n.3 , 66 , 67 Corradini, Richard, 96 , 97 digitisation, 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 Corvey, 253 Diomedes, 142 Cosmas and Damian, sts, 124 Dionisotti, A. C., 147 Costambeys, Marios, 1 – 11 , 13 , 34n.7 , Dionysio-Hadriana , canon law 34n.8 , 49 – 57 , 132n.5 , 136n.24 collection, 206 councils, 38 , 40 , 41 , 90 , 93 , 94 Dioscorides, 117 , 119 , 121 , 122 802, 143 Pseudo- Dioscorides, 121 Aachen (860), 169 , 174 Djebel Araoui, 193 , 196 Aachen (862), 114 , 169 –70 Djebel Guedale, 189 Agde, 174 , 179 , 180 Djebel Lakhdar, 193 , 194 , 196 , 199, Carthage (411), 171 , 190 200 , 202 Chalcedon, 171 Djedar tombs (tumulus mausolea), 193 – 7 , Douzy (871), 171 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 Fismes (881), 171 Djorf Torba, 200 Frankish, 170 – 3 doctors, see physicians late antique, 170 , 171 , 172 , 190 Doda, concubine of Lothar I, 251 Lateran (649), 171 Dolbeau, François, 71 Lerida, 174 donations, 77, 251 , 257 , 259 Metz (863), 178 Donatist church, 190 , 191 Nicaea, 172 Donatus, 53 , 54 , 137 , 138 , 141 , 142 Ponthion, 172 Dorestad, 215 , 218 , 219 , 220, 224 , 225 , Quierzy, 82 226 , 227 record- keeping, 169 – 73 Dorofeeva, Anna, 114 , 146 – 68, 178n.37 Soissons (853), 171 , 176t.11.1, 177 , 178 Drogo, bishop of Metz, 178 Soissons (866), 171 dynamidia texts, 116 , 122 – 3 , 124 , Tribur (895), 173 126 , 128 Trosly (909), 172 Troyes (878), 171 Easter, calculation of, 40 , 44 , 46 , 47 Tusey, 172 Ebbo of Reims, archbishop, 176 – 7, Ver, 171 176t.11.1 , 178 Coupland, Simon, 183 , 213 –29 Echternach, monastery, 210

General Index 307

economy, 145 , 197 , 213 , 217, 218 , Fardulf, chaplain, 232 , 239 225 , 228 Farfa, 253 Egbert, Frankish noble, 251 Fassler, Margot, 100 Egbert, monk, 45 Fastrada, queen, 184 , 211 , Eichstätt, 135 211n.46 , 230 – 46 Einhard, 3n.9 , 22 , 184 , 230 – 46 toothache, 244 , 245 Vita Karoli, 76 , 233 – 5 , 239 , 241 fasts and fasting, 87 , 90 , 211 , 212 , 232 Einsiedeln Itinerary, 62 Festus, Sextus Pompeius, 57 elephant, Charlemagne’s, 128 feud, 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 Elizabeth I, queen of England, 33 , 47 Février, Paul-Albert, 191 empire Fiducia, poet, 138 Carolingian, 203 , 209, 218 , 221 , 222 , Flodoard of Reims, 22 , 74 , 75 , 76 223 , 225 , 226, 227, 228 , 249 , 256 Florus of Lyon, 54 , 84 , 94 , 210 creation of, 7 Florus, epitomiser of Livy, 16 , 21 , 22 eastern, 38 Folcuin of Lobbes, 14 , 64 late Roman, 20 , 117 Gesta abbatum Lobiensium, 64 Ottonian and Salian, 260 Fontenelle, monastery, 128 Roman, 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , Fontenoy, battle of, 212 , 256 45 , 109 , 110 , 185, 188 , 192 Formulae Imperiales, 241 translation of the world monarchies, 34 , formulas, use of, 187 , 191 , 192 , 251 39 , 106 , 107 , 108 France, 19, 24 , 26 , 27 , 134 , 219 , 226 , 228 western, 192 Francia, 14 , 19 , 54 , 62 , 110 , 114 , 136 , England, 27, 43 , 135 , 226 145 , 170 , 171 , 204 , 206, 207 , 208 , English, Old, 147 209 , 210 , 211 , 213 , 214 , 217 , 222 , Ennodius, 54 227 , 228, 229 , 249 epigraphy and epigraphic script, 187 , 189 , Carolingian, 7, 172 , 183 , 207 190 , 191 , 192 , 193, 195 , 197 , 198 , court, 54 , 136 , 138 , 139 , 142 , 174 , 177 , 199 , 201 , 202 180 , 205 , 206 , 237 epitaphs, 53, 53n.19 , 54 , 56 , 136n.26, East, 144 , 176 , 180 , 230 , 233 , 237 , 239, 136n.27, 192 , 194, 195 , 197 , 201 , 249 , 253, 256 , 260 202 , 260n.69 Frankish Church, 110 , 182 , 203 , 205, Eracle, bishop of Liège, 66 , 70 206 , 208 , 209 , 213 , 216 Erkanfrida, widow, 255 Merovingian, 7 , 170 , 172 , 207 , Erluin, abbot of Lobbes, 65 , 68 , 71 – 4 210 , 214 Ermion, St, abbot of Lobbes, 67 , 76 Middle Kingdom, 173 – 5 , 184 , 249 , 252 , Ermoldus Nigellus, poet, 211 253 , 254 , 256 Erstein, 251 West, 180 , 249 , 255 , 256 , 260 Esich, count, 253 Franco, abbot of Lobbes, 75 etymologies of words, 74 , 163 Frankfurt, 230 , 237n.30, 241 , 242 Eucharist, the, 81 , 83n.17 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , Franks, 2 , 3 , 13 , 50 , 60 , 80 , 95 , 136, 204 , 88 , 94 , see also Mass, the 215 , 217 , 219 , 222 , 227, 228 , 230 , Eucherian word-lists, 149 , 152 – 5 , 157 , 159 233 , 234, 236 , 237, 238 , 239 Eucherius of Lyon, 149 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 168 identity, 213 , 214 , 217 , 219 , 228 , 259 Eugenius, treasury ofi cial, 120 Frechulf of Lisieux, 22 Eugippius, 20 Fredegar, Chronicle, 210 , 239 Eusebius, 30 Frederick II, king of Sicily, 115 Chronicle, 39 , 106 Freising, 9 , 28 , 28n.76 Eusebius–Jerome, Chronicle , 39 , 41 , 44 , French, Old, 147 47 , 107 , 108 , 111 Fulda, 19 , 80 , 133 , 177 Eusebius– Rui nus, Chronicle, 39 Eustochius, 20 Gaide, F., 165 Eutropius, 39 , 55 , 56 Galen and Galenic works, 117, 119 , 120 , Everett, Nicholas, 113 , 115 – 16 121, 123, 124 , 126 exegesis, 29 , 34 – 7, 41 , 81 , 83n.17 , 84 , 85 , Alphabetum Galieni, 120 , 121 , 122 91 , 98 , 106 , 110 , 159 Pseudo- Galen, 116 , 120 , 123 , 128

308 General Index

Gallican church, 93, 206 , 207 , 208 Hadoard of Corbie, 22 , 26 Gargilius Martialis, 126 Hadrian I, pope, 60 , 61 , 61n.63, 62 , Gariopontus, medical author, 123 136n.26, 205 , 206 Gaul and Gauls, 16 , 23 , 42 Hadrian, archbishop of Canterbury, Roman, 225 159 , 162 Gelasian Sacramentary, 206 , 208 Hadrian, emperor, 62 Gelasian Sacramentary, Old, 206 Hadrianum Sacramentary, 184 , 205 , 206 , Gelasius I, pope, 16 , 20 207 , 208 , 209 gentiles, 36 , 102 Hagia Sophia, 99 geography, 30 , 44 , 128 hagiography, 66 , 67 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 79 , George, St, 257 96 , 135 Germanus, St, 44 Haimo of Auxerre, 158 , 159 Germany, 19, 24 , 27 , 149 , 159 , 219, 224 , Hannibal, 23 226 , 228, 256 Harbert, abbot, 78 Gerold, Frankish noble, 231 Hardrad, count, 239 , 240 , 246 Gerward, librarian, 241 Hartgar, bishop of Liège, 129 Gisela, abbess of San Salvatore, 251 Harting-Correa, Alice, 82 , 84 , 89 , 92 Gisulf, abbot of Monte Cassino, 145 Harun al Rashid, caliph, 128 Glauco, philosopher, 119 , 120 Haubrichs, W., 258 , 259 glossaries, 114 , 146 – 68 Haumont, monastery, 70 Accipe glossary, 149 , 151 – 2 , 154 , Hebrew, language and learning, 37, 147 , 164 – 7 150 , 151 , 152 , 157, 162 , 167 – 8 arrangement, 146 – 8 Heiric of Auxerre, 21, 22 , 26 , 54 Epinal-Erfurt glossary, 147 Hen, Yitzhak, 95n.83, 103n.26, 184 , 203 glossary chrestomathies, 148 , 163 Henry II, emperor, 257 metrological word-lists, 149 , 155 – 8 heresy, 38 , 40 , 44 , 69 , 74 , 75 , 82 , 85 , Godescalc, 54 90 , 91 , 93 Goetz, Georg, 147 , 151 , 165 , 166 Heriger of Lobbes, 66 Goldberg, Eric, 253 Hibernicus Exul, 54 grafi ti, 196 , 197 Hildegard, queen, 56 , 230, 231 , 234 , grammars and grammatical learning, 16, 235 , 236 26 , 54 , 69 , 125 , 134 , 135 , 137 , Hildoard, bishop of Cambrai, 208 138 , 142 Hilduin of St-Denis, 181 Greece and Greeks, 38 , 39 , 107, 108 , 109 , Hilduin, bishop of Cambrai, 176 , 181 124 , 129 Hilliard, Paul, 13, 33 – 48 , 51n.13 church, 93 Himiltrude, 235 , 236 , 236n.27 , 238 Greek, language and learning, 37, 93 , 102 , Hincmar of Reims, 54 , 128, 169 , 171 , 172 , 117 , 119 , 119n.19, 120 , 123, 126 , 176 , 177, 178 – 81 , 249 128 , 138 , 147, 150 , 151 – 2 , 154 , Hippocrates and Hippocratic works, 117, 157 , 161 , 162 , 163 – 4 , 216 , 227 119 , 120 , 122 , 123 , 124 Gregorian Sacramentary, 96n.85, 208 Pseudo-Hippocrates, 116 , 120 , 123 , Gregory I the Great, pope, 44, 45 , 46 , 49 , 124 , 125 , 126 50 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 205 Hispana, canon law collection, Gregory II, pope, 59, 61 , 132 , 145 173n.20 , 174 Gregory III, pope, 61 historiography, see history writing Gregory IV, pope, 99 history writing, 14 , 29 Gregory of Tours, 25 , 26 , 26n.63 , 30 , 51 , Carolingian, 2 , 7 , 80 , 96 , 230 – 46 , 118 , 119 , 136 , 139 , 141 248 – 9 Grierson, Philip, 216 , 220 , 221 , 222 , Christian, 25 , 38 , 100 , 104 , 108 , 110 223 , 224 Classical, 13 , 15 , 16 – 27 , 30 , 31 , 39 , 76 Grimald, abbot of St-Gall, 80 early medieval, 30 Grosshelpendorf, 242 Jewish, 15 – 18 , 85 Guetna, 189 late antique, 13 Gunthar of Cologne, archbishop, 175, medieval, 15 176t.11.1 , 178 – 81 tenth century, 22 , 27 , 67 , 104 Gunzo of Novara, 27 hoards, 213, 217 , 218 , 228

General Index 309

Hoggart, Richard, 4 Jerome, 20 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 28 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 106 , Holtz, Louis, 137 149 , 150 , 153, 167 homilies, see sermons Eusebius–Jerome, Chronicle, 39 , 41 , 44 , Honoratus, bishop of Aquae Sirenses, 47 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 111 190 , 191 Jerome–Gennadius, De Viris Honorius I, pope, 205 Illustribus, 39 , 41 Honorius, emperor, 192 Pseudo-Jerome, 150 , 162 Hortlaic, Bavarian noble, 241 , 242 , Jerusalem, 36 , 37 , 85 243 , 246 Jews, 13 , 30 , 35 , 36 , 36n.18, 39 , 40 , 94 Hrabanus Maurus, 28 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 86 , John III, duke of Naples, 22n.48 87 , 176t.11.1 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 210 , John of Constantinople, 90 260n.69 John Scotus, 54 Hubert, aristocrat, 174 , 179 John the Archcantor, 42 Hugh, son of Lothar II, 251 , 255 , 257 , 260 John the Deacon, 136n.29 Humbert of Würzburg, 177 John VIII, pope, 62 Huneric, king of Vandals, 190 John, apostle, 40 Hungarian raids, 64, 65 , 68 , 77 , 78 Jonas of Bobbio, 21 Hwaetberht of Wearmouth–Jarrow, 42 Jonas of Orléans, bishop, 171 hymns, 90 , 144 Jordanes, 21 , 22 Josephus, Flavius, 13 , 15 – 18 , 36 Ianuarius, letter recipient, 93 , 94 , 95 Jewish War, 27 Ibersheim, coin hoard, 219 Latin translation, 15 , 17 , 27 , 28 Ibn Khurradadhbih, Abbasid Judith, wife of Louis the Pious, 241 administrator, 128 Julian, emperor, 117 Ignatius of Antioch, 40 Julius Caesar, 44 Iidir, procurator of Castra Severiana, 185 Gallic Wars , 3 India, Indian, 124 Justinian, emperor, 58 Indonesia, 127 Ingelheim, 244 Kadra, Fatima, 194 , 195 , 196 , 199 Innes, Matthew, 1 – 11 , 184 , Karlmann, king, son of Louis the 211n.46 , 230 – 46 German, 259 inscriptions, 8 , 52 , 53 , 64, 77 , 78 , 79 , 124 , Kluge, Bernd, 220 , 223 183 , 184 , 185 , 193 – 201, 202 , 259 Knibbs, E, 143 Christian, 186 – 92 Koblenz, 212 , 244 on coins, 215, 221 , 223 , 227 Krause, Viktor, 82 Ireland and Irish, 44, 128 , 144 , 162 , 179 church, 93 Lachmann, Karl, 9 Irmingard, daughter of Louis II, 252 Lactantius, 25 Irmingard, wife of Lothar I, 251, 256 , 258 Lafaurie, J., 220 , 223 Irmingard, wife of Louis the Pious, 241 Laid-cend, Irish scholar, 144 Isidore of Seville, 21 , 26 , 38 , 39 , 81 , 82 , laity, 4, 10 , 14 , 117 , 203 , 257 84 , 87 , 94, 95 , 116 , 122 – 3 , 124 , Lamoricière, 188 126 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 139 , 140 , Landelin, St, abbot of Lobbes, 66, 67 , 68 , 141 , 141n.57, 142 , 157 , 158, 159 , 71 , 74 , 76 173n.20 lands and landholding, 64 , 73 , 77 , 78 , 120, Etymologiae, 54 , 122 , 126 , 142 , 150 , 230 , 241 , 253 , 255 , 259 155 , 157 , 162 Lapidge, Michael, 159 , 160 , 161 Islamic world, 7 , 127 , 128 , 188 Lateran palace, 61 Isphording, B., 250 Latin, language, 37 , 93 , 117 , 120 , 121 , Italians, 49 , 138 , 139 , 140 122 , 138 , 147, 150 , 151 , 152 , 157 , Italy, 19 , 22 , 27 , 34, 50 , 51 , 52 , 57 , 61 , 62 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 167, 168 , 185 , 187 , 69 , 113, 116 , 119 , 121 , 126 , 134 , 189 , 192 , 194 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 135 , 138 , 139 , 142 , 143 , 144, 145 , 201 , 202 194 , 222 , 226 , 227 , 236 , 237 , 250 , Latin, literature, 2, 3 , 17 , 30 , 116 252 , 253 , 258 Latin, translation, 117 , 119 , 120, 123, 126 ivory and ivory-carvers, 222 , 257 Latins, the, 39 , 56

310 General Index

Laurence, St, 51 Lobbes, 14 , 64 law and lawcodes, 2 , 8 , 46n.59 , 115 , 117 , Lombards and Lombard kingdom, 41, 52 , 241 – 4 , see also canon law 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 59n.51 , 60 , 62 , divine, 37 , 85 , 86 , 89 , 101 , 102 132 , 133 , 135 , 136 , 142 , 145 , 222 , Roman, 49 227 , 228 , 232 , 239 learning, centres of, 133 , 134 , 135 , 162 , history, 50 , 51 163 , 255 London, Roman, 8 East Frankish, 144 , 159 Lorsch, 19 , 28 , 28n.76, 126, 127 , 128 , 137 Italian, 134 , 142 , 144 , 145 Lothar I, emperor, 184 , 211, 245 , 248 – 60 Lobbes, 69 , 76 , 77 Lothar II, king, 114 , 128, 169 , 173 – 5 , Monte Cassino, 131 – 5 250 – 5 , 256 , 257 , 260 Rome, 45 Lotharingia, 173 – 5, 253 , 254 West Frankish, 256 Louis II, emperor of Italy, 250, 251 , Lehmann, Paul, 103 , 104 252 , 253 Leo I, pope, 20 , 94 Louis the Blind, king, 252 Leo III, pope, 204 Louis the German, king, 211 , 212 , 249 , letters and letter writing, 16 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 254 , 255 44 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 54 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 61 , Louis the Pious, emperor, 80, 99 , 170 , 69 , 74 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 113 , 117 , 136 , 176 , 209 , 211 , 212 , 219, 221 , 223, 139 , 141, 167 , 175 , 176 , 176t.11.1, 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 229 , 234, 235 , 176t.11.1, 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 236 , 239 , 240 – 1 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 211 , 232 245 , 248 , 249 , 252 , 253 letters and symbols, 194 , 195 , 196 , 214 , coinage, 223 , 227 223 , 227 portrait coin type, 221 letter forms, 191 , 195 , 196 , 198 , 199 , 200 , Louis the Younger, king, 212 201 , 216 Lucan, De bello civili, 76 Liber de episcopis Mettensibus, 52 , 56 Lull, bishop of Mainz, 125 Liber glossarum, 146 , 157 Lupus of Ferrières, 17n.13, 21 , 22 , 26 , 171 Liber Historiae Francorum, 76 Lyon, 219 , 225 , 226 Liber Pontii calis, 13 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 61 , 62 , 90 , 122 Macedon and Macedonians, 106 , 108 libraries, medieval, 24n.55 , 42 , 119 , Macrobius, 25 122 , 124 , 131 , 135 , 136 , 140 , Maghreb, the, 193 , 202 144 , 206 Mainz, 19 , 125 , 175n.25, 177 , 211, 216 , library catalogues, 18, 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 216n.7, 219 , 226 , 227 , 228 28n.76 Mallius Theodorus, 138 , 139 , 141 , 142 libri memoriales, 80 Manitius, Max, 17 , 22 Libyco-Berber scripts and language, 189 , manuscripts, 64 , 239 197 – 201 , 202 Anglo- Saxon, 159 Liège, 69 , 128 , 130 Italian, 54 , 55n.29, 128 , 134 , 144 bishopric, 65 , 66 , 69 , 72 , 77 Latin, 2 Lindsay, Wallace Martin, 142 , 147 , 151 liturgical, 95, 184 , 204, 207 , 210 litanies, 81 , 212 , 236 lost, 18t.2.1 , 19 , 31 , 137 , 175 , 258 literacy, 4 , 7 , 115 , 148 , 186n.4, 200 medical, 116 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 125 , illiteracy, 199 , 215 126 , 127 , 128 pragmatic, 7 , 8 pharmacy and pharmacological, 115 – 16 liturgy, 14 , 80 , 98 – 9, 172 , 257 study of, 5 , 6 , 7 , 113 – 14 Frankish, 95, 103, 105 , 155 , 184 , 203 , transmission, 6, 9 , 10 , 17 , 113 , 116, 148 , 221 , 228 , 255 170 , 175 history and development, 81 –97 Marcellinus Comes, 39 liturgical time, 98 – 9 Marcellus of Bordeaux (‘Empericus’), 118 Roman, 42 , 46 , 95 , 99 , 103 , 106 , 107 marriage, 175 , 176t.11.1, 177 , 180 , 231 , Litzig, 253 234 , 235 , 236 , 258n.61 Liutprand, king of Lombards, 59 marriage, of Lothar II, 114 , 169 , 174, 175 , Livy, 13, 15 , 16 – 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 177 , 178 , 179 29 , 30 , 55 Martial poet, 25

General Index 311

martyrologies, 34 , 43 , 62 , 77 , 80 , 257n.52 minuscule scripts, 19 , 121 , 144, 144n.73, martyrs, 38, 40 , 43 , 44 , 51 , 62 , 96 , 190 , 149 , 163 – 4 , 175 191 , 260n.67 mission and missionaries, 44, 45 , 46 , Mary Magdalene, 158 , 159 47 , 159 Masgiven, prefect of Safarus, 185 monasticism, 58 , 59 , 60 , 133 Maskarinec, Maya, 55 monks, 43 , 49 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , masons, 186 , 193 , 195 , 202 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 84 , 119 , 125 , masons’ marks, 194 , 195 , 196, 132 , 136 , 143 , 163 , 175 , 176t.11.1, 201 , 202 177 , 186 , 245 , 250 , 251 , 255 , 256 , Mass, the, 81 , 84 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 99 , 257 , 258 , 259 , 260 105 , 203 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 depressed, 125 in tempore belli, 210 – 12 monogram, Chi-Rho, 191 Massonas, Mauretanian, 185 monogram, Laon, 216 Mastigas, Mauretanian, 185 monogram, royal, 214 , 215 , 216 , 227 Masuna, king, 185 , 186 , 187 , 189 , 192 , Mont St Michel, 137 193 , 202 Monte Cassino, 58 , 59 , 60 , 113 , Matfrid, count, 241 , 242 , 243 131 – 5 , 206 Matter, E. A., 143 Monte Soratte, 133 Mauretania, 185 – 201 Monts des Ksour, 200 Mauretania Caesariensis, 185, 186 , 187 , Morocco, 188 189 , 201 Moselle, river, 212 Mauretania Tingitana, 188 Munk Olsen, B., 17 , 23 mausolea, 62 , 193 , 195 , 196 , 202, 231 Murbach, 18 , 19 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 28n.76 Maximus, procurator of Altava, 185 Murbach, annals from, 237 McCormick, Michael, 127 music, 103 , 140n.56, see also chant McKitterick, Rosamond, 1 , 11 , 15 , 41 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 64 , 80 , 98 , 110 , 113 , 115 , Narbonne, 227 131, 136 , 139 , 148 , 170 , 182 , 186 , nard, 124 , 158 , 159 , 161 203 , 213 , 214 , 217 , 219, 221 , 222 , Nechtan, king of the Picts, 46 , 47 228 , 232 , 248 Negrine, 186 , 200 , 201 The Carolingians and the Written Word, Neisen, villa , 244 1 – 6 , 13 Nelson, Janet L., 1n.2 , 232 , 243 medicine, 116 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , Némencha, 199 126 , 127 , 129 Netherlands, the, 219 , 226 , 228 late antique, 117 – 19 Neustria, 237 Medracen, the, Numidian monument, 193 Nicholas I, pope, 62, 181 , 182 Meeder, Sven, 113 , 131 – 5 Nithard, historian, 211 Meersen, 249 , 252 Nivelles, 236 Meginhar, count, 239 Nonantola, 135 , 136 , 140 , 142 , 145 Meknes, 188 Norway, 226 Melchiades (or Militades), pope, 90 Notger, bishop of Liège, 66 , 70 , 78 Melle, 219 , 220 , 222 , 223, 224 , 225 , Notitia Provinciarum, 190 226 , 227 Notker the Stammerer, 233 , 239 memory, 4, 5 , 46 , 64 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 99 , 101 , Novalesa, 28n.76 148, 184 , 195 , 230 , 231 , 233 , 240 , Novgorod, 8 245 , 246 , 248 – 60 Numerus Syrorum (Lalla Maghnia), 189, family, 246 196 , 198 liturgical, 77 , 79 Numidia, 185 , 190 , 190n.23, 193 , 199 Merrills, Andy, 183 , 185 – 201 nuns, 259 Metz, 52 , 99n.11 , 179n.41, 252 , 254 Michael, archangel, 99 Obrist, Barbara, 141 Milan, 219 , 222 , 224 , 226 , 227 Ofi ce, Divine, 88 , 92 , 93 , 98 , 100 – 3 , 104 , church, 93 105 , 106 , 108 , 111 , 203 Mina, 190 Old High German, 147 mints and minting, 184 , 214 – 17 , 218 , opium, preparation of, 121 219 – 28 , 229 Optatus, abbot of Monte Cassino, 133

312 General Index

orality, 10 , 172 , 183 Pippin of Italy, king, 51 , 138, 236 ordeal, 169 , 212 , 243 Pippin the Hunchback, 231 , 233 – 41 , 242 , Oribasius, physician, 117 , 118 , 120 , 126 243 , 244 , 245 , 248 , 255 ornaments, 78 , see also treasure Pliny the Elder, 118 , 121 , 158 Orosius, 15 , 20 , 22 , 25 , 39 , 108 , 109 , Medicina Plinii, 118 , 120 , 127 110 , 111 Pliny the Younger, 40 ostraka, 186 Poeta Saxo, 54 Ostrogoths, 58 , 120 poetry, 2, 22 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 80 , 116 , 125 , Oswiu, king of Northumbria, 45 128, 129 , 136 , 138 Otler, early seventeenth-century historian Polemius Silvius, 51 of Prüm, 258 Pollard, Richard Matthew, 13, 15 – 18 , Otto I, emperor, 70 , 73 36n.19 Oued Tafna, the, 196 Pomaria, town, 187 , 188 , 190 Pompeius, grammarian, 54 , 142 pagans and paganism, 13, 43 , 52 , 85 , 90 Porphyry, Isagoge , 128 paintings, 42 , 78 Pössel, Christina, 14 , 80 , 257n.54 palaces, 52 , 54 , 61 , 76 , 78 , 169 , 184, 211 , Poto, abbot of Monte Cassino, 137 216 , 219 , 221 , 223 , 226 , 227 , 228 , prayer and prayers, 88 , 90 , 92 , 100 , 206 , 229 , 232, 243 , 244 , 253 209 , 211 , 212 , 232 , 251 , 253, palaeographers, 128 , 133 , 175 , 242 256 , 258 Pannonia, 58 Priscian, grammarian, 16 , 21 , 26 papacy, 3 , 13 , 33 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 60 , privilege, see charters 61 , 62 , 69 , 90 , 132 , 145 , 170 , 228 , Procopius, historian, 185 see also individual popes Prudentius of Troyes, 258 stational liturgies, 205 , 206 Prüm, 28 , 28n.76, 184 , 234 , 244 , papyri, 2n.5 , 8 , 9 , 27 , 120 245 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 , Paris, 219 253 , 255 – 6 pastoralists, 186 , 197, 198 , 201 , 202 Pseudo-Isidorian decretals, 170 Patzold, Steffen, 71 Punic language, 198 , 200 Paul Albar of Cordoba, 22 Paul I, pope, 61 Quentovic, 225 Paul the Deacon, 13 , 14 , 49 – 57 , 132 , Quintilian, 25 136 – 7 , 138 , 139 , 235 Historia Langobardorum, 139 Ratchis, king of Lombards, 133 Historia Romana, 55 , 56 , 58 , 61 Rather of Verona, 17n.13 , 22n.48 , Paul, apostle, 35 , 47 , 51 , 95 , 106 , 149 , 150 27 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 67n.18 , 68 –71 , Paulinus of Aquileia, 54 73 , 74 , 77 Pavia, 50 , 51 , 61 , 138 , 215 , 219 , 222 , Ratramnus of Corbie, 30n.80 , 175 , 226 , 227 176t.11.1, 179 , 181 Persia and Persians, 38 , 39 , 106 , 107 , Ravenna, 119 – 21 , 227 128 , 161 court, 119 Peter, apostle, 35 , 46 , 47 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 56 , reform, 104 89 , 106 , 204 Carolingian, 1 – 4 , 95 , 139 , 142 , 143 , Peter, bishop of Verdun, 243 155 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 211 , 212 , Peter of Pisa, 138 , 142 221 , 228 Petrarch, 17 monastic, 65 , 72 Petronax of Brescia, 59 , 59n.51 , Regensburg, 149, 232 , 236 , 237 , 132 , 133 237n.30 , 239 pharmacy, 113 , 115 – 16 Regiae, town, 190 physicians, 115 , 115n.2 , 117 – 19 , Reginar, count, 72 , 73 120 , 167 Reginbald, chorbishop, 177 Physiologus, 159 , 162 Reginbert, librarian of Reichenau, 26, 80 , pilgrims, 42n.38 , 46 , 53n.18 , 197 82 , 83, 84 , 93 Pippin I of Aquitaine, 256 , 258 Reginhar, count, 239 , 246 Pippin III, king of Francia, 203 , 214 , 218 , Regino of Prüm, 256 – 9 , 260 244 , 245 , 255 , 258n.60 Chronicle, 256 , 260

General Index 313

Reichenau, 24 , 26 , 28 , 28n.76 , 80 , 82 , 84 , Gregorian Sacramentary, 96n.85, 208 142 , 143 , 145, 231 , 260 Hadrianum Sacramentary, 184 , 205 , Reimitz, Helmut, 237 206 , 207, 208 , 209 Reims, 22, 175 , 248 mixed- or Gelasianised-Gregorian, 209 bishops, 74 , 75 Sacramentary of Gellone, 208 relics, 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 62 , 104n.30, 212 , Supplementum, 96n.85, 206 , 206n.18, 237, 255 , 257 , 257n.52 , 259 207 , 208 Rembold, Ingrid, 14 , 64 , 257n.54 sacraments, 82 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 89 , Remigius of Auxerre, 28 , 210 92 , 93 , 96 renaissance, Carolingian, 1 – 4 Sahara, the, 193 , 198 , 200 , 201 , 202 Reuter, Timothy, 7 Sahel, Malian, 198 rhetoric, 24 , 29 , 72 , 73 , 138 Saint- Amand, 70 , 207 , 248 Rhine, 231 , 232 , 234 , 244 , 245 sacramentaries, 207 Ricbod, archbishop of Trier, 236 Saint-Castor, Koblenz, 212 Richar, abbot of Prüm, 258 , 259 , 260 Saint-Germain- des- Prés, 208 Richard the ostiarius, Frankish noble, saints, 43 , 44, 51 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 96n.86 , 245 , 246 97 , 104n.30, 167 , 257 , 259 , 260 , Richard, Frankish noble, 241 – 4 260n.67 Richer of St-Remi, 22 , 27 Salamanca, 8 Riculf, chaplain and Archbishop of Mainz, Salerno and Salernitan, 52 , 116 , 123 , 124 , 232 , 233 127 , 128 ritual, 14, 83 , 93 , 192, 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , Sallust, 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 19t.2.2, 21 , 200 , 202, 212 , see also liturgy, the 23 – 7, 28 , 29 , 30 Mass , Ofi ce, Divine, etc. salvation history, 35 , 36 , 37 , 41 , 47 , 80 , 83 Robba, Donatist, 190 , 191 Salvian, 20 Rodmund, Frankish noble, 241 , 242 Salzburg, 141n.57 , 208 Rome, 13, 33 – 48 , 49 – 57 , 99 , 108 , 109 , San Salvatore, Brescia, 251 114 , 132 , 145 , 181, 204 , 205 , 206 , Saxons and Saxony, 60 , 143 227 , 237 , 252 schools, 77 , 134 , 159 , 162 as exemplar, 2 , 3 , 13 , 46 , 47 Screen, Elina, 184 , 248 – 60 Christian, 3 , 13 , 34 , 51 , 109 scribes and scriptoria, 2 , 3 , 55 , 61 , 62 , 113 , church of, 44 , 45, 46 , 62 , 89 , 93 , 121 , 122, 124 , 127, 133 , 137 , 138 , 172 , 184 139 , 140 , 143 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 154 , classical, 3 , 16 , 34 , 51 , 52 – 7, 106 , 109 159 , 161 , 162, 164 , 171 , 172 , 173 , historical writing, 13 , 15 , 16 , 25 , 80 175 , 182 , 207 , 222 identity, 189 , 190 , 202 Scribonius Largus, 118 late antique, 9 script, 2 , 163 , 198 , 199 , see also alphabets, liturgy, 205, 206 , 209 inscriptions, letter forms and walls, 45 , 49 , 58 individual scripts Romulus, 34 , 52 – 7 , 61 insular, 134 Rosenwein, Barbara, 6 Libyco-Berber, 198 , 201 Rothad, bishop of Soissons, 176 , 180 Sedulius, 34 Rotrud, abbess of Erstein, 251 Sedulius Scottus, 117 , 127, 128 , 129 Rouen, 225 Sens, 216, 216n.7 Rovelli, Alessia, 227 archbishop, 208 Rui nus, 27 , 39 Sergius, pope, 41 Rufus of Ephesus, 120 Sergius (Ps-Cassiodorus), 137 Rule of St Benedict, 59 , 59n.51 , 131 , sermons, 29, 41 , 42, 69 , 144 , 158 131n.1 , 132 , 139 , 206 , 210 , 256 Sersou plateau, 193 Ruotger , Vita Brunonis archiepiscopi Servius, grammarian, 54 , 138 Coloniensis, 70 Sextus Placitus, medical author, 121 , 126 ships, 212 , 225 , 232 , 244 sacramentaries, 184 , 205 –12 Sicily, 115 , 194 Gelasian Sacramentary, 206 , 208 Sidi Medjahed, 196 Gelasian Sacramentary, Old, 206 Sidonius Apollinaris, 118

314 General Index

signing and signatures, 172 , 173 , 180 , 195 Switzerland, 226 silver, 128 , 244 Symmachus, 16, 20 , 25 silver coinage, 227 synod, see councils silver mines, 223 , 224 , 225 silver objects, 78 , 79 Tabernacle, the, 84 , 89 Simplicianus, medicus , 120 tablets, writing, 8 sin, 92 , 257 Tablettes Albertini, 8 , 186 Sindpert, archbishop of Regensburg, Tacitus, 19t.2.2 , 21 , 25 , 28 232 , 237 Tasaccora, town, 190 singing, see chant Tassilo, duke of Bavaria, 231n.4 , 232 , single i nds, 213 , 216, 218 , 228 237n.30, 240 , 242 , 248 Sisebut, king of Visigoths, 140 , 141 teachers and teaching, 34, 42 , 44 , 86 , 87 , Six ages, 38 , 39 , 40 88 , 91 , 99 , 129 , 136n.29, 141 , 153 slates, 8 Temple, the, 84 , 85 , 89 , 222 Smalley, Beryl, 15 , 31 temples, pagan, 52 , 85 Soissons, 216 Tertullian, 19 Solomon, Old Testament king, 78, 84 , 85 , Theodold, count of Paris, 243 106 , 222 Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, Soranus of Ephesus, physician, 117 159 , 162 Spain and Spanish, 124 Theodore, Roman archdeacon, 99 , 106 church, 93 Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, 38 spices, 127 , 128 , 129 , 149 , 150 , 158 – 61 , 162 Theodorus Priscianus, physician, 117 , Spoleto, 50 118 , 126 St Paul, church of, 78 Theodosius I, emperor, 118 St Salvator, monastic church of, Prüm, Theodosius II, emperor, 38 , 192 250 , 255 theology and theologians, 37 , 43 , 83 , 84 , Staab, Franz, 231 86n.32, 117 , 143 St- Albans, Mainz, 231 theological history, 35 , 85 , 85n.27 Stapleton, Thomas, 33 , 47 Theudemar, abbot of Monte Cassino, 59, St- Arnulf, Metz, 231 , 254 60n.55, 136 , 137 , 139 , 142 , 145 Staubach, Nikolaus, 174 , 175 , 178 , 181 Theuderic II, king of Franks, 211 Stavelot-Malmédy, 253 , 254 Theutberga, queen, 169 , 174 , 177 , St- Bertin, 65 , 128 179 , 180 St- Denis, 216 , 227 , 239 , 251 Theutgaud, archbishop of Trier, 174 , 181 Stein, R. M., 25 Thielo, Karl, 151 Ste-Marie, Laon, 216 Thuringia and Thuringians, 237 , 238 St-Emmeram, 149 Tiaret, 189 , 193 Stephen II, pope, 61 time, see also liturgy, liturgical time Stephen III, pope, 61 time, cyclical concepts of, 97, 100 – 3 , 110 Stephen, St, 51 Tipasa, 193 St-Evre, Toul, 252 Tironian notes, 241 St-Gall, monastery, 28 , 28n.76 , 80 , 125 , Tlemcen, formerly Agadir, 188, see 126 , 128 , 141 , 142 , 143, 145 , 210 also Agadir charters, 5 tombs, 193 – 7 , 199 , 200 , 202 , 250, plan of, 125 257 , 259 St-Goar, 244 – 6 tombstones, 192 St-Martin, Tours, 241 Toulouse, 219 , 227 St-Mihiel, 253 Tours, 143 , 144 , 219 Strasbourg, 254 towns and cities, 42 , 109, 130 , 185 , 187 , St-Riquier, 28 , 28n.76 188 , 189 , 190 , 192 , 217 , 225 Sturm, abbot of Fulda, 133 civic life, 189 St-Wandrille, 28n.76 trade, 124 , 128 , 226 Suetonius, 15 , 19t.2.2 , 25 , 28 Trajan, emperor, 40 Lives of the Caesars , 3 Transamund, duke of Spoleto, 59 Süsteren, 259 translation, Latin, 27, 39 , 106 , 116 , 117 , Sweden, 226 , 228 119 , 121 , 123 , 125

General Index 315

translation, of relics, 43 De exordiis et incrementis quarundam transmission of knowledge, 6, 7 , 8 , 40 , 47 , in observationibus ecclesiasticis 48 , 113, 128 , 131 – 5 , 163 rerum, 14 , 80 treasure, 64, 165 , 255 , 257 Vademecum (St- Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Trier, 225 , 256 , 257 Cod. Sang. 878), 80 , 97 , 125 bishops of, 245 Waldipert, priest, 62 Tripolitania, 185 Waldrada, 169, 174, 179 , 180 Trojans, 61 , 61n.60 Wallers, dependent cell, 66 , 67 , 68 , Tuareg writing practices, Tii nagh 70 , 78 (‘letters’), 198 Wandalbert of Prüm, 244 – 6 Tunisia, 198 Miracles of St Goar, 244 – 6 war, 211 , 249, see also Mass, the, in Ullmann, Walter, 6 tempore belli Urbar, polyptych of Prüm, 259 Ward, Graeme, 14, 81 , 98 – 9, 257n.54 Ursmar, St, abbot of Lobbes, 66 , 67 , 68, Wearmouth–Jarrow, 33 , 41 , 42 , 46 69 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 78 weights and measures, 149 , 155 , 157 , 159 , 162 Valerius Zabullus, 191 Weissenburg, 80 van Renswoude, Irene, 77 , 79 Wenilo, archbishop of Sens, 21 Vandals and Vandal kingdom, 186 , 190 Werden, 144 , 159 , 162 Velleius Paterculus, 15 Werminghoff, A., 176 vengeance, see feud West, Charles, 114 , 169 – 70 Venice, 123 , 128 Whitby, Synod of, 47 Verdun, treaty of, 249 Widukind of Corvey, 22 , 27 Verona, 138, 142 , 143 , 145 Wijk bij Duurstede, 218 , 226 , see also bishopric, 69 , 70 Dorestad vestments, 91 Wilfrid, bishop, 45 , 46 , 47 Vienne, 216 , 227 William, son of Dhuoda and Bernard of Vigilantius of Nonantola, 135 Septimania, 246 Viking attacks, 255 , 257 Willibald, bishop, 133 , 135 Villa, Claudia, 137 , 138 Willibrord, missionary, 45 Vindicianus, physician, 117 , 118 , 123 , 126 women, 6 , 179 , 190 , 196 , 211 , 231, 233 , Virgil, 34 , 37 , 53 , 54 234, 242 , 251, 252 , 253 , 255 , 258 Aeneid , 54 , 165 Wormald, Patrick, 4 virgins, 43 Worms, 230 , 245 Visigoths, 8 , 134 , 140 writing, uses of, 1 – 11 , 186 Vision of the Poor Woman of Laon, 240 Wulfhad, archbishop of Bourges, 28n.76 Vita Ceolfridi, 42 Würzburg, 159 , 162 Vivarium, 27 , 119 Volubilis, 188 Yemen, 125 Vulgisus, bishop, 77 Zacharias, pope, 59, 59n.51, 61 , 132 , Walahfrid Strabo, 14 , 22 , 80 , 116 , 125, 133 , 145 210 , 234 Zwentibold, king, son of Arnulf, 259