Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata Part Il Lizards and Amphisbaenians

Home , Anisolepis, Arthrosaura reticulata, Barisia, Dicrodon heterolepis, Ecpleopus, Enyalioides laticeps

MüSEUM STs. NATIONAL

CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL SQUAMATA PART IL LIZARDS AND AMPHISBAENIANS

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 297

Catalogue of the

Neotropical Squamata

Part 11. Lizards and Amphisbaenians/

JAMES A. PETERS United States National Museum

and ROBERTO DONOSO-BARROS Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile

With the collaboration of Braulio Orejas-Miranda Museum of Natural History Montevideo, Uruguay

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington 1970 Publications of the United States National Museum

The scientific publications of the United States Na- cation date of each paper recorded in the table of con- tional Museum include two series, Proceedings of the tents of the volume. united States National Museum and United States In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in National Museum Bulletin. 1875, a,ppear longer, separate publications consisting of original articles and In these series are published monographs (occasionally in several parts) and vol- monographs dealing with the collections and work of umes in which are collected works on related subjects. the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers re- and technology. Copies of each publication are dis- lating to the botanical collections of the Museum have tributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to been published in the Bulletin series under the head- specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the ing Contributions from the united States National publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These Herbarium. are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publi- This work forms number 297 of the Bulletin series.

Frank A. Tatlok Director, united States National Museum

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1970

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OflSce Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $6.75 per set of 2 volumes, sold in sets only INTRODUCTION

This catalogue represents an attempt to make Este catálogo representa un intento de posi- it possible for participants in the International bilitar la identificación de lagartijas encontra- Biological Program working in Latin America to das en el campo a los participantes del identify the lizards encountered in the field. It International Biological Program que trabajan en was originally planned to include information on Sudamérica. Originariamente se había planeado la the ecology and ethology of the reptilian species, inclusión de información ecológica y etológica de to permit field investigators to distinguish the las especies de reptiles, para permitir al inves- unusual ecological event from the commonplace tigador de campaña la distinción entre aconte- occurrence, but time has not permitted the inclu- cimientos ecológicos desusados y los que son lugar sion of that degree of detail. We have instead común, pero la falta de tiempo impidió la inclu- focussed our attentions on the construction of a sion de tal grado de detalles. En cambio hemos workable field manual with keys designed to help concentrado nuestra atención en la elaboración de identification without laboratory facilities. We un manual de campaña funcional con claves diseña- have not been entirely successful, because a few das para ayudar a la identificación sin las taxa cannot be separated without the use of a facilidades de un laboratorio. No hemos tenido dissecting microscope or the checking of internal éxito en todo porque unos pocos taxones no pueden characteristics, but for the most part the keys can ser separados sin usar el microscopio de disección be used with little more than a hand lens for o sin examinar las características internas, pero specimen examination. en su mayoría las claves se pueden usar con poco mas que un lente de aumento con que examinar el ejemplar.

The limits we have established for the area Los límites que hemos establecido para el covered by this work are from the border between área cubierta por este trabajo son desde la Mexico and' Guatemala south throughout continental frontera entre Méjico y Guatemala hasta el extremo South America and all off-shore islands within the sur de Sudamérica continental y todas las islas continental shelf. The Galapagos and the islands costeras dentro de la plataforma continental. Las of the Caribbean are not included. islas Galápagos y del Caribe no han sido incluidas.

The synonymies presented for the taxa are Los sinónimos de los taxones presentados very abbreviated. Within each genus we include están muy abreviados. En cada género se incluyen only those generic synonyms whose type species are solamente aquellos sinónimos genéricos cuya considered to belong to the genus under discussion. especie tipo es considerada como perteneciente al Only the original description for each genus is género en discusión. Se incluye solamente la included, with no attempt made to document changes descripción original de cada género, no hemos in the "generic concept". The type species, when intentado documentar cambios en el "concepto given, has always been previously designated as genérico". Siempre que damos la especie tipo es such, unless we clearly indicate that we are taking porque ha sido designada como tal previamente, a such an action at this time. We apologize for our menos que indiquemos claramente que hemos tomado failure to indicate the method of type designation, aquí tal medida. Lamentamos no poder indicar el but time did not permit us to undertake this diffi- método de designación de tipos, pero la falta de cult task. For each species we have included the tiempo no nos permite emprender tal difícil tarea, original citation to it, its first assignment to En cada especie hemos incluido su cita original, its current generic position if other than as su primera asignación a la posición genérica originally assigned, all "absolute" synonyms (i.e., corriente si es que se le ha asignado otra distin- those in which the holotype, lectotype, or neotype ta que la original, todos los sinónimos "absolutos^' belongs to the species in which the synonym (ej.: aquéllos en que el holotipo o neotipo per- occurs), and, whenever possible, a citation to a tenece a la especie en que ocurre el sinónimo) y, -"' ''-'' ''- - .-.l_-_ _ i recent work which includes a modern descripti"- cuando posible, una- cita de un trabajo reciente— jnd/or a figure, to aid the user in identificati que incluye una descripción moderna y/o una

No other generic shifts, no misidentifications, figura, - .„ ^.. identifica-. .. ..g_._, ,,_._para ayudar¡ al_. usuario en la»- and no "in part" references are included. The ción. No se incluye ninguna otra transferencia author's name is not separated in any way from the genérica, identificación falsa o referenda binomial in the citations to original descriptions. "parcial". El nombre del autor no ha sido separa- In all other citations, the author's name is do de ningún modo del binomio en las citas de las separated from the binomial by a dash. Each cita- descripciones originales. En todas las otras tion includes the actual date of publication; the citas el nombre del autor está separado del bino- name exactly as it was spelled by the original mio por un guión. Cada cita incluye la fecha author, including capitalization of specific names; efectiva de la publicación; el nombre con la misma the author; the journal; the volume or the number, ortografía que usó autor, incluyendo nombres which stands alone if possible but which is quali- específicos con mayúscula; -el autor; la revista; fied by material in parentheses if necessary; the el volumen o el número, por sí solos si es posible page on which the taxon is first named; illustra- o con material aclaratorio entre paréntesis si es tions; and finally the type locality, with necesario; la página en que se nombra al taxón por summaries of any restrictions or later clarifica- primera vez; ilustraciones y, finalmente la tions of it. localidad tipo con resúmenes de cualquier restric- ción o aclaración posterior. INTRODUCTION

We have attempted to avoid any non-documented Hemos tratado de evitar en este catálogo taxonomic changes in this catalogue, although it todos los cambios taxonómicos que no estuvieran has proven necessary to make a few modifications documentados, si bien fue necesario hacer unas in some taxa. When we have made such changes, we pocas modificaciones en algunos taxones. Cuando indicate it by the words "new combination" after se han hecho tales cambios lo indicamos con las the species heading, and we have given our reasons palabras "new combination" después del título de for so doing in the "Comments". In those genera la especie y explicamos nuestra razones para el prepared by cooperating herpetologists, however, cambio en "Comments". Sin embargo en aquellos we have not prevented the presentation of his con- géneros preparados por nuestros colaboradores cepts of the alignment of species within the genus, herpetologos no hemos impedido la presentación de even though documentation has not been published sus conceptos en el ordenamiento de las especies elsewhere. In every insta.nce we have ascertained dentro del género, aun cuando no hubiera docu- that prompt publication of documentation is anti- mentación previamente publicada. En cada caso cipated before including the changes, but we hemos solicitado la pronta publicación de docu- cannot guarantee that it will be done. In all mentación antes de introducir tales cambios, pero cases where material has been furnished by a no podemos garantizar que así se haga. En todos cooperator, his name and address will be found at los casos en que un colaborador ha proporcionado the beginning of the generic discussion, and he material hemos puesto su nombre y dirección al should be given full credit in any citations of comienzo de la discusión del género y a él le that material. corresponde todo el crédito cuando dicho material

sea c i tado.

The date of publication is always the actual La fecha de publicación es siempre la fecha date, insofar as we could determine it, and it real en la medida en que se pueda determinar ésta does not always agree with the date given in the y no siempre coincide con la fecha dada por la publication itself. When there is a difference, publicación misma. En tales casos esta última the latter date is given in parentheses after the aparece entre paréntesis después del número del volume number^ The only exception to this is vol- volumen. Una excepción es el volumen 4 de las Mem- ume 4 of the Memorias do Instituto Butantan. We orias do Instituto Buiántan. Cuando era demasiado learned too late to modify all of the many cita- tarde para modificar las numerosas citas de este tions to this volume that it actually appeared volumen descubrimos que en realidad había aparecido in 1530, not 1525, as stated on the cover. All en I53O, no en I925. Los demás volúmenes de las other volumes in the Memorias are cited here by Memorias son citados aquí con el año efectivo de actual year of publication, which is usually one de la publicación, que es usualmente uno o dos or two years later than indicated on the publica- alios más tarde del indicado en la portada, tion.

The distribution given for each taxon is La distribución dada en cada taxón se basa en based on information in the literature, with addi- información sacada de la literatura con adiciones tions and extensions from specimens we have been y agregados basados en ejemplares que hemos encon- able to find in various collections. Some of our trado en varias colecciones. Algunos de nuestros changes in known distribution have been documented, cambios en la distribución conocida han sido docu- but we have made no attempt to do so for every mentados, pero no hemos intentado documentar todas modification we have included. las modificaciones incluidas por nosotros.

The names of all political and geographic Se dan los nombres de todas las unidades

units within any country have been given as políticas y geográficas dentro de cada país de spelled by that country, but country names have acuerdo a la ortografía de ese país, pero los nom- been given in English usage, so that "Brasil" is bres de los países se han escrito según la orto-

"Brazil" and "Panamá" is "Panama". Where names grafía inglesa, así "Brasil" es "Brazil" y but not boundaries have been changed, we use the "Panamá" es "Panama". Donde los nombres han modern name, even in the citation of type locali- cambiado, pero no las fronteras, usamos el nombre ties. Thus, all localities in "British Guiana" moderno, aún al citar localidades tipo. Así aquí are here given as "Guyana". We have corrected nos referimos a todos las localidades en "British errors in orthography throughout, if we could sue- Guiana" como "Guyana". Hemos corregido todos los cessfully document the error. Our primary source errores ortografieos que pudieran ser documentados has been the series of gazetteers prepared by the debidamente. Nuestra principal fuente de informa- United States Board on Geographic Names, although ción ha sido la serie de gacetas preparadas por many additional sources have been checked. Board on Geographic Names del gobierno de los Estados Unidos, aunque también hemos consultado muchas otras fuentes.

Most of the keys presented here are the La mayoría de las claves aquí presentadas son standard dichotomous type, although occasionally del tipo dicotómico común, aunque ocasionalmente we have found it useful to include "trichotomies" ha sido conveniente incluir "tricotomías", y el and the user should watch for this possibility. usuario debe estar al tanto de esta posibilidad. In such instances, of course, a choice is made En tales ocasiones, naturalmente, hay que elegir from three possibilities rather than two. In the entre tres posibilidades en vez de dos. No obs- case of very large genera, however, we have intro- tante en el caso de géneros muy grandes se ha INTRODUCTION duced a different concept. Any attempt at writing introducido un concepto diferente. Probablemente keys for poorly l

(in alphabetical order); Fernando Achaval, Avelino Barrio, Charles Bogert, Werner

Bokermann, Simon Campden-Ma i n, Nelly Carrillo de Espinoza, Antenor de Carvalho, Ronald Crombie, Carlos Diefenbach, James Dixon, Arthur Echternacht, Richard Etheridge, Marcos Freiberg, Jose Gallardo, Carl Cans, Robert Inger, George Jacobs, Miguel Klappenbach, Arnold Kluge, Abdem Lancini, Clarence McCoy, James McKenney, Niceforo Mar'a, Marta Miranda, Olaf

Oftedal, Gustavo Orcés-V., Neil Richmond, Carlos R i vero-Blanco, Richard Sage, Jay Savage, Wade Sherbrooke, Hobart Smith, Robert Tuck, Thomas Uzzell, Paulo Vanzolini, Ernest Williams, George Zug. In addition to the above, we wish also to Además de los mencionados, deseamos espresar acknowledge several specific contributions to the nuestro reconocimiento por varias contribuciones work involved in the production of this volume. específicas referentes a la producción de este By far the bulk of the typing work was done by volumen. Jean Middleton mecanografió la mayor Jean Middleton, and the overall appearance of the parte de este trabajo y la apariencia general del text owes a great deal to her attention to detail, texto ganó mucho gracias a su interés en los layout, arrangement, and so on. She functioned as detalles. Ella operó como administradora general a general manager of the entire project, and we de todo el proyecto y no es posible sobreestimar cannot overestimate the magnitude of her contribu- el valor de su contribución. Beatriz Moisset tion. Beatriz Moisset Peters spent many hours Peters dedicó muchas horas a la traducción y translating and correcting the Spanish versions of corrección de la version en español después uno de the text after one of us (Donoso) returned to nosotros (Donoso) regresara a Sudamérica. También South America, and she also has contributed great- contribuyó en gran medida a la exactitud del ly to our overall accuracy. Additional typing trabajo. Las señoras Richard Banks y Dolores assistance came from Mrs. Richard Banks and Dolores Icarangal mecanografiaron el resto del trabajo. Icarangal. The figures in the text unless other- Las figuras del texto fueron hechas por Thomas wise indicated were drawn by Thomas Yuskiw, with Yuskiw a menos que se especifique otra cosa, excep- the exception of those illustrating the genus to las que ilustran el género L i olaemus que fueron

L i olaemus . which were done by Roberto Donoso. hechas por Roberto Donoso. We wish finally to record our debt to Braulio Finalmente deseamos expresar nuestra deuda Orejas Miranda, who worked with us on this cata- para con Braulio Orejas Miranda, que trabajó con logue. He perhaps should have been recorded as an nosotros en este catálogo. Talvez se lo debería author rather than as a collaborator, since all incluir como uno de los autores en vez de cola- three of us have worked closely together on the borador, ya que los tres trabajamos en estrecho entire project. contacto a través de todo el proyecto. vili INTRODUCTION

We are concerned that the users of this Nos preocupa la posibilidad de que los usua- catalogue may regard everything presented as of rios de este catálogo vayan a dar Igual valor o equal value and significance, since there are significado a las distintas partes del mismo, ya considerable differences in the comparative relia- que la seguridad de la información suministrada bility of the information given from one genus to var'a considerablemente de unos géneros a otros, another. in order to forestall assumptions of Para evitar que se llegue a la conclusión de que equivalent reliability, we have devised a code to toda la información es Igualmente digna de confi- Indicate an evaluation of the information presented anza hemos ideado un código que valore la calidad for each genus. The user will note one to four de la Información presentada en cada género. El stars In the heading line for every genus. These usuario verá de una a cuatro estrellas en el en- stars have the following significance; cabezamiento de cada género. Estas tienen el siguiente significado: One Star: Low reliability. Keys and synonymies prepared by us from existing literature; Una Estrella: Poca confianza. Claves y slnó- difficultles encountered by us because of nimos preparados exclusivamente por nosotros insufficient descriptions, non-availability of a partir de la literatura existente; diflcul- crltical specimens, or other reasons; manu- fades halladas por nosotros a causa de des- script not checked by outside reviewer, since cripciones Insuficientes, espec'menes cr'tlcos no one is currently engaged in revisionary no disponibles u otras razones; el manuscrito study of the genus, to our knowledge. In the no ha sido revisado por nadie de afuera ya que case of monotypic genera, one star means we no sabemos de nadie que esté ocupado en hacer have reasons to doubt its validity as a un estudio de revisión del género en el momento distinct genus. actual. En el caso de géneros monot'picos una estrella significa que tenemos motivos para Two Stars: Moderate reliability. Keys and dudar de su validez como género aparte, synonymies prepared almost entirely by us, but

usually checked against specimens and adequate Dos Estrellas: Moderada confianza. Claves y information in the literature; manuscript often sinónimos preparados casi totalmente por nos- reviewed externally, although not necessarily otros, pero usualmente confrontados con especl- by specialist actively studying genus. Further menes e Información adecuada en la literatura; study needed to give better understanding of manuscrito a menudo revisado por alquien de genus. afuera, aunque no necesariamente por un especialista en ese género. Se necesita mas estudio Three stars. Good reliability. Keys and para comprender mejor ese genero, synonymies prepared either by us in consulta- tion with a specialist or by the Tres expert Estrellas: Bastante confianza. Claves y himself, or modified from monographs, check- sinónimos preparados por nosotros en consulta lists, or regional studies. Added work is con un especialista o por el experto mismo o usually in progress on the genus by the modificados de monograffas, listas de especies specialist, and we anticipate early publication o estudios regionales. Usualmente hay trabajo by him to Improve our understanding even more. adicional en marcha del especialista en el genero, y anticipamos su pronta publicación Four Stars. High reliability. Manuscript either para mejorar aun más nuestra comprensión del prepared externally, in which case the author mismo, is acknowledged in the heading material; or taken by us from a very recent generic mono- Cuatro Estrellas. Mucha confianza. Manuscrito o graph summarizing the literature and including bien preparado afuera en cuyo caso se nombra all available specimens for study. al autor en el encabezamiento o preparado por nosotros a partir de una monografía muy We have submitted this "reliability" list to all reciente que resume la literatura e incluye external authors and asked for their opinion before todos los espec'menes disponibles para estudio. assigning the code, so it can be considered an indication of the author's personal evaluation. Hemos presentado esta lista de "dignidad de con- rather than ours. fianza" a todos los autores de afuera y pedido su opinión antes de asignar el código, as' que se la puede considerar como indicación de una valoración del autor antes que nuestra.

The work on this catalogue was supported by El trabajo del catálogo fue sufragado por a Smithsonian Research Award to the senior author. Smithsonian Research Award al autor principal. The catalogue is listed as project no. 2 In the El catálogo figura como proyecto no. 2 en la parte U.S.A. section of Section CT (Conservation Terr- de los Estados Unidos de la Sección CT (Conserva- estrialj of the International Biological Program. ción Terrestre) del Programa Biológico Internacion- al. —

KEY TO THE GENERA OF LIZARDS AND AMPHISBAENlANS^

At least one pair of limbs 1, present, although 1. Por lo menos con un par de extremidades, aunque may be very reduced 2 pueden estar muy reducidas 2 No trace of limbs externally 5 Sin trazas de extremidades externamente 5

2. Venter covered either with large, squarish, 2. Vientre cubierto de escamas grandes, cuadradas, juxtaposed, plate-like scales or with large, yuxtapuestas, laminares o bien de escamas smooth, imbricate, cycloid scales 3 cicloides, grandes, lisas, imbricadas Venter covered either with numerous small, 3 rounded or pointed, imbricate or subimbricate Vientre cubierto de numerosas escamas chicas, scales, either smooth or keeled, or with very redondeadas o puntudas, imbricadas o subimbri- small, granular scales 8 cadas, lisas o guilladas, o bien de escamas muy chicas granulares 8 g. Large number of scales on dorsum of head, most 3. Gran número de escamas en dorso de la cabeza, either knobby or granular in appearance la mayoría de aspecto granular o nudoso

, 4 ^ Scales on dorsum of head large and plate-like, Escamas del dorso de la cabeza grandes y lami- few in numbei 5 nares, en número reducido 5

4. Third and fourth digits on hind limb equal or 4. Longitud de tercer y cuarto dedos de extremidad subequal in length; no enlarged supraocular posterior igual o casi igual; sin escamas scales Heloderma supra oculares di la tadas Heloderma Fourth digit of hind limb considerably longer Cuarto dedo de extremidad posterior considera- than third; several enlarged, plate-like blemente más largo que el tercero; varias supraocular scales Xenosaurus escamas supraoculares dilatadas, laminares Xenosaurus

Fewer than two pairs of scales between rostral Menos de dos 5. 5» pares de escamas entre rostral y and first median unpaired scale on head (Figs. primera escama media impar de la cabeza (Figs. .. 2, 3) 6 2,3) „6 Two or more pairs of scales following rostral Dos u más pares de escamas siguen a la rostral before first median unpaired scale on head antes de la primera escama media impar de la (Fig. 1) 14 cabeza (Fig, l) 14

Fig. 1. D i ploalossus . with two pairs of scales between rostral and first unpaired plate (from Bocourt,1875)'

6. Scales of dorsum differing from those Escamas del dorso diferentes de las of venter; femoral pores often present — ventrales; a menudo con poros femorales 7 Scales of dorsum same as those of venter, Escamas del dorso igual que las del vientre, cycloid; no femoral pores cicloideas; sin poros femorales 15

7. Eyelid movable or absent 22 7. Parpado movible o ausente- 22 Eyelid fixed, not movable- -Lep idophyma Párpado fijo, no movible — -Lep idophyma

Upper surface of head covered with scales of 8. Superficie superior de la cabeza cubierta de variable size, often plate-like, but never escamas de distinto tamaños, a menudo lami- granular 68 nares pero nunca granulares 68 Upper surface of head covered with minute, Superficie superior de la cabeza cubierta de granular scales IO3 escamas granulares, diminutas IO3

Snout shovel-shaped, with horizontal edge 10 9. Hocico en forma de pala con borde hor i zontal-10 Head rounded, pointed or vertically keeled 11 Cabeza redondeada, puntuda o quillada

ve rt i cálmente 11

The genus Garbesaura Amaral is not included in No se incluye el género Garbesaura Amaral en esta this key. clave. GENERIC KEY

1Ü. Rostral folded around center of horizontal 10. Rostral plegada alrededor del centro del borde edge; three pairs of regular, paired shields, horizontal; le siguen tres pares de escudos but no azygous ones, behind rostral along mid- regulares, apareados, pero ningún azygos a lo line of head; tail very short and blunt but largo de la 1 Tnea media de la cabeza; cola muy

with well-marked narrow autotomy constrict i on- corta y roma con constricción autotóm ica angos- Auluna ta bien marcada Auiura Rostral excluded from center of horizontal Rostral excluido del centro del borde horizon- edge; one or more azygous shields along mid- tal; un o mas escudos azygos a lo largo de la line on dorsal surface of head; tail lacking linea media en superficie dorsal de la cabeza; autotomy constricti on ^ Leposternon cola sin constricción autotómica Leposternon

11. Head keel-shaped; rostral enlarged, extending ll.Cabeza en forma de quilla; rostral dilatado se posteriorly, separating nasals, prefrontals, extiende hacia posterior, separando las na- and sometimes frontals; keel occasionally sales, prefrontales y, a veces las frontales;

keratinized; tail tip may bear vertical ridge; quilla a veces querat i n izada; ápice de la tail lacks autotomy plane 12 cola sin plano autotómico 12 Head not keel-shaped; rostral not separating Cabeza no en forma de quilla; rostral no separa

frontals and prefrontals 13 a los frontales y prefrontales : 13

12. Frontals in broad contact on midline; rostral 12. Frontales en contacto amplio en la línea media; mental in contact process rarely keratinized; proceso rostral raramente querat i n izado;

with first and second i nf ralab ials; two pre- mental en contacto con primera y segunda cloacal pores on each side separated by median inf ralab ¡ales; dos poros precloacales a cada hiatus; tail tip with doubled vertical ridge-- lado separados por un hiato medio; punta de la Mesobaena cola con dos crestas verticales Frontals and prefrontals separated by rostral; Mesobaena rostral in process heavily keratinized adults; Frontales y prefrontales separados por rostral; mental in contact with first infralabials proceso rostral densamente querat in izado en only; four precloacal pores in single row, adultos; mental en contacto con primeras their presence and size reflecting sexual inf ralab iales solamente; cuatro poros pre- dimorphism; tail tip elliptical cloacales en una sola hilera, su presencia y AnoDs tamaño reflejan dimorfismo sexual; punta de la cola el'pt ica Anops

13. Rostral in broad contact with prefrontals, 13. Rostral en amplio contacto con prefrontales, restricting small nasals to s ides of vert ically restringiendo los pequeños nasales a los lados compressed head; two pairs of precloacal pores de la cabeza comprimida vert icalmente;" dos separated by median hiatus Bron ia pares de poros precloacales separados por Rostral without or with only narrow median con- hiato med i o Bron ia tact with prefrontals, unless they have fused Rostral no contacta o sólo contacta ligeramente with nasals; variable number of precloacal con los prefrontales en línea media a menos pores in single row of precloacal segments que estos estén fusionados con los nasales; without median hiatus Amph isbaena numero variable de poros precloacales en una sola hilera de segmentos precloacales sin

hiato med i o Amph isbaena 14.A11 four limbs present 15 With hind limbs only, very reduced and flap- 14. Con cuatro extremidades I5 1 ike Ophiodes Solo con extremidades posteriores, muy reducidas y como colgajo Oph iodes

15. Body covered with plate-like scales- 15.Cuerpo cubierto de escamas laminares 16 Body covered with finely striated cycloid Cuerpo cubierto de escamas cicloides, finamente scales of more or less uniform size estriadas de tamaño mas o menos uniforme 18 iS.Lateral fold weakly developed I7 16. Pliegue lateral ligeramente desarrollado- Lateral fold strongly developed 17 Gerrhonotus Pliegue lateral muy desarrollado Gerrhonotus ly.More than six scales in a single row across 17'Más de seis escamas en cada hilera a través de nape of neck Coloptychon la nuca Coloptychon Six or fewer scales in a single row across nape Seis o menos escamas en cada hilera a través de Abron ia la nuca Abron ia

IS.Claw retractile into terminal sheath IB.Uña retráctil en vaina terminal Diploqlossus - D iploqlossus Claw not retractile into terminal sheath Uña no retráctil en vaina terminal- Celestus - Celestus GENERIC KEY

15.Pair" of scales on dorsum of head between ros- IJ-Pares de escamas en dorso de la cabeza entre unpaired median (Fig. 2 tral and first scale rostral y primera escama media impar (Fig. ) 20 20 2 ) Rostral in contact with unpaired median scale Rostral en contacto con escama impar media (Fig. 3) 21 (Fig. 3) 21

Fig. 2. Eumeces . with one pair Fig. 3- Le i olop i sma . with ros- of scales between rostral and tral and first unpaired plate first unpaired plate. in contact.

20. Temporal area between eye and ear opening 20. Zona temporal entre ojo y orificio ótico cu- covered with enlarged, well-differentiated bierto de escamas dilatadas, bien diferencia- scales Eumeces das Eumeces Temporal area covered with scales similar in Zona temporal cubierta de escamas similares a appearance to body scales Mabuya las de cuerpo Mabuya

21. Eyelid fixed, transparent, covering eye 21. Párpado fijo, transparente, cubriendo el ojo Ablepharus Ablepharus Eyelid movable, not fixed in place over eye Párpado movible, no fijo sobre el ojo Le iolop isma Le iolopi sma

22, Anterior nasal scales in contact between ros- 22. Escamas nasales anteriores en contacto entre tral and frontonasal 23 rostral y frontonasal 23 Anterior nasal scales separated by rostral and Escamas nasales anteriores separadas por ros- frontonasal 33 tral y frontonasal 33

23. L imbs present, normal 24 23.Ex trem idades presentes, normales 24 Limbs rudimentary, peg-like Extremidades rudimentarias, con forma de Oph ¡oonomon elavi jas Oph iognomon

24. Five toes on hind foot 25 24. Cinco dedos en extremidad posterioi Four toes on hind foot Te ius -25 Cuatro dedos en extremidad posterioi Te ius

25. '^0 keeled tubercles on dorsum 26 25. Sin tubérculos quillados en el dorso 26 Dorsum with scattered keeled tubercles Dracaena Dorso con tubérculos quillados dispersos Dracaena

26. No double row of tubercles on dorsum of tail 26. Sin doble hilera de tubérculos en el dorso de . 27 la cola 27 With double row of tubercles on dorsum of tail- Con doble hilera de tubérculos en el dorso de Crocod ilurus la cola Crocod ilurus

27. Ventral scales smooth 2') 27. Escamas ventrales lisas Ventral scales keeled 28 Escamas ventrales quilladas-

28. Femoral pores present Kentropyx 28. Con poros femorales Kentropyx

-^ Femoral pores absent Monoplocus -*- Sin poros femorales Monoplocus

"Tbis monotypic genus ( Monoplocus dorsal i s ) is of 'Este género monotTpico ( Monoplocus dorsal is ) es dubious validity. It has never been taken since bastante discutido y desde la descripción de GUnther described it (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Günthe--, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I859, 404, no 1859, 404). existen observaciones directas. GENERIC KEY

25. Femoral pores present- 30 29.Con poros femorales- 30 Femoral pores absent — - Gallop istes Sin poros femorales- - CalloD istes

30.Preanal pores absent- 31 3''»Sln poros preanales- 31 - - Preanal pores present- Tup i nambis Con poros preanales- Tup i namb is

31. Posterior teeth compressed longitudinally, bi- 31»Dientes posteriores comprimidos longitudinal- or tricusp id 32 mente, bi o tricúspides 32 Posterior teeth compressed transversely, Dientes posteriores comprimidos transversal-

b i cusp id Dicrodon mente, bicuspi des D i crodon

32. Tongue with posterior fold and entire glottal 32'Lengua con pliegue posterior y parte glotal part Ame iva entera A me iva

Tongue lacks posterior fold, with divided Lengua sin pliegue posterior y parte glotal

glottal part Cnem idophorus d i vi di da Cnem idophorus

33»Ear opening absent — 33'Sin orificio ótico-

Ear opening present- Con orif ic i o ót ico-

34.Extremities normal 35 31.Extremidades normales 35

Extremities rudimentary Bach i a Extremidades rudimentarias Bach ia

35«Gular fold or collar present- 35'Con pliegue guiar o collar- Anotosaurus Anotosaurus Gular fold or collar absent — Sin pliegue guiar o collar- - Heterodactylus - Heterodactylus

36. Eyelids absent 37 36. Sin párpados- Eyelids present- -38 Con parpados-

37. Prefrontals present; frontoparietals absent 37- Pi'sf rontales presentes; f rontopar ¡ etales (Fig. 4) Gymnoph thalmus ausentes (Fig. 4) Gymnophthalmus Prefrontals absent; frontoparietals present Prefrontales ausentes; f rontopar ietales (Fig. 5) M icrablepharus presentes (Fig. 5) M icrablepharus

Fig. 4. Gymnophthalmus . Fig. 5' M icrablepharus . with

with prefrontals. f rontopar i etals.

38. Lower eyelid pigmented, lacl

Ventral 39. scales larger than dorsals- 39. Escamas ventrales más grandes que las dorsales- . 4Q Ventral scales notably smaller than dorsals Escamas ventrales mucho más chicas que las doi— Ar-qal ia sales Arqal ia

40. Prefrontals present (Fig. 6) 41 40. Con prefrontales (Fig. 6) 41 Prefrontals absent or barely outlined (Fig. 7)- Prefrontales ausente o ligeramente delineado Phol idobolus (Fig. 7) Pholidobolus GENERIC KEY

~~Fig. 6. Prefrontals present, shaded. Fig. 1 , Prefrontals absent.~~

~~Í Neust icurus . from Peters, I567) ( Pholidobolus . from Peters, I967)~~

~~41. Five toes on hind foot- 42 41. Cinco dedos en extremidad posterioi 42 Four toes on hind foot- -Teius Cuatro dedos en extremidad posterior- -Teius~~

42.Postpar ietal and occipitals present (Fig. 8)-43 42. Con postparietal y occipitales (Fig. 8; 43 Postparietal and occipitals absent (Fig. 5) ^'^^ postparietal ni occipitales (Fig. 9) Arthrosaura Arthrosaura

~~Fig. Arthrosaura . Fig. 8. Pr ionodactylus . with post- 5- parietals and occipitals.~~

~~43. Dorsal scales l~~

~~44. Femoral pores present; dorsal scales imbricate, 44. Con poros femorales; escamas dorsales imbrica-~~

~~hexagonal Pr i onodactylus das, hexagonales Pr ionodactylus Femoral pores absent; dorsal scales squarish, Sin poros femorales; escamas dorsales cuadradas, juxtaposed Ecpleopus yuxtapuestas Ecpleopus~~

~~45. Innermost digit rudimentary- 45. Dedo interno rudimentario 46 Innermost digit normal -^9 Dedo interno normal 49~~

~~46. Dorsal scales normal, not greatly enlarged- 46. Escamas dorsales normales, no muy dilatadas -^7 . .-47 Dorsal scales greatly expanded, only two rows Escamas dorsales muy dilatadas, sólo dos hile-~~

~~present on back Iph i sa ras en la espalda I ph i sa~~

~~en 47. Ventrals scales i n other than four longitudinal 47. Hileras longitudinales de escamas ventrales~~

~~rows Tret i ose i ncus número distinto a cuatro Tret iosci ncus Ventral scales in four longitudinal rows Cuatro hileras longitudinales de escamas ven- 48 trales 48~~

~~48, Prefrontals present (Fig. 6) Colobosaura 48, Pref rontales presentes (Fig, 6) Colobosaura Prefrontals absent (Fig. 7) Colobodactylus Prefrontales ausentes (Fig. 7) Colobodactylus GENERIC KEY~~

~~4.5, Granular scales present dorsally 5^ 45, Con escamas granulares a dorsal 50 No granular scales dorsally 52 Sin escamas granulares a dorsal 52~~

~~50. Dorsum with alternating granular scales, normal 50'Dorso con escamas granulares que alternan con scales, and raised, keeled tubercles escamas normales y tubérculos quillados, ele-~~

~~51 vados 5-1- Dorsum uniformly covered by granular scales Dorso cubierto uniformemente de escamas granu-~~

~~Neust i curus lares Neust icurus~~

51. Enlarged scales present between first digit and Jl-^^o" escamas dilatadas entre primer dedo y wrist Neust icurus muríeca Neust icurus Enlarged scales abse, t between first digit and Sin escamas dilatadas entre primer dedo y

~~wrist Ech i nosaura muñeca Ech i nosaura~~

~~52. Prefrontal absent (Fig. 7) 53 52. Sin prefrontal (Fig. 7) 53 Prefrontal present 5^ Con prefrontal 5^~~

53»No enlarged middorsal scales 5^ 53-Sin escamas dorsales medias dilatadas Two rows of enlarged middorsal scales, from 5*

~~occipital to tail Macrophol i dus Con dos hileras de escamas dorsales medias dilatadas, desde el occipital a la cola~~

[-¡- Macrophol idus 54. No granular scales on sides 35 Rows of granular scales between dorsal and ven- 5^- Sin escamas granulares a los lados 55 tral scales Proctoporus Con hileras de escamas granulares entre las escamas dorsales y ventrales Proctoporus

~~55» Dorsal scales hexagonal, narrow, strongly 55» ^^'-^'"''^ dorsales hexagonales, angostas, fuerte-~~

~~56. Occipital and postpar i etals absent (Fig. 5) 56'Sin occipital ni postparietales (Fig. 5) 57 57 Con occipital y postparietales (Fig. 8) 6I~~

Occipital and postpar i etals present (Fig. s) — 61 57* Loreal separado de labiales superiores por f renorbi tal 58 57»Loreal separated from upper labials by fren- Loreal en contacto con labiales superiores 59

orb i tal 58 Loreal in contact with upper labials-- 5? 58. Segundo par de postmentales separados parcialmente a lo largo de la línea media ventral 58. Second pair of postmentals partly separated Arthrosaura along midventral line Arthrosaura Segundo par de postmentales completamente en Second pair of postmentals in complete contact contacto a lo largo de la línea media ventral- along midventral line Alopoqlossus Alopoglossus

~~55'Anterior limb with keeled scales 59* Extrem i dad anterior con escamas quilladas Leposoma Leposoma Anterior limb with smooth scales 60 Extremidad anterior con escamas lisas 60~~

~~60.Ventrals rounded and overlapping posteriorly Arthrosaura 60. Ventrales redondeadas y superpuestas a poste- Ventrals squared off and juxtaposed rior Arthrosaura~~

~~Ptychoqlossus Ventrales cuadradas y yuxtapuestas Ptychoqlossus~~

~~61. Lateral scales subequal 62 6I. Escamas laterales casi iguales 62 Lateral scales distinctly reduced in size Escamas laterales de tamaño notoriamente redu- -64 cido-~~

~~62. Dorsal scales keeled 63 62. Escamas dorsales quilladas 63 Dorsal scales smooth Anadia Escamas dorsales lisas Anadia~~

~~63. Four supraoculars Arthroseps 63. Cuatro supraoculares Arthroseps Three supraoculars Pantodactylus Tres supraoculares Pantodactylus —~~

~~GENERIC KEY~~

~~64. Lateral scales on neck not granulai 65 64. Escamas laterales del cuello no granulares 65 Lateral scales on neck granulai 66 Escamas laterales del cuello granulares 66~~

~~óJ.Large, nearly circular, undivided transparent 65.Con disco transparente indiviso, grande, casi disk in lower eyelid; body scales smooth circular en parpado inferior} escamas del~~

Op i peuter cuerpo 1 isas Op ipeuter Transparent disk in lower eyelid made up of Disco transparente del párpado inferior formado several scales; body scales smooth or keeled por varias escamas; escamas del cuerpo lisas

~~Euspondylus o qu i liadas Euspondylus~~

~~66. Dorsal scales not rectangular nor in longitud!- 66. Escamas dorsales no rectangulares ni en series~~

~~-r nal ser i es 67 longitud! na les 67 Dorsal scales rectangular, arranged in longitu- Escamas dorsales rectangulares, dispuestas en dinal series Cercosaura series longitudinales Cercosaura~~

67. Palmar plates between thumb and wrist absent 67. Sin láminas palmares entre pulgar y muñeca Placosoma Placosoma Palmar plates between thumb and wrist present — Con láminas palmares entre pulgar y muñeca

~~Pr i onodactylus Pri onodactylus~~

68.Dig!ts flat; subdigital lamellae smooth, 68. Dedos chatos; lámelas subdigltales lisas, gene- usually also widened; adult males with exten- raímente también ensanchadas; machos adultos sile guiar fan 69 con abanico guiar extensible 69 Digits compressed or cylindrical; subdigital Dedos comprimidos o cilindricos; lámelas subdi- lamellae keeled or smooth} if smooth, adult gitales quilladas o lisas, si son lisas, en- males lack extensile guiar fan 7" tonces machos adultos sin abanico guiar extensible 7"

65. Temporal region of head swollen; tail 65. Region temporal de la cabeza hinchada; cola compressed and prehensile; parietal bone comprimida y prensil, hueso parietal expandido expanded along temporal and occipital borders; a lo largo de los bordes temporal y occipital; sternal-x iphisternal ribs foui costillas esternales-x if iesternales cuatro _ Phenacosaurus Phenacosaurus Temporal region of head normal; tail usually Región temporal de la cabeza normal; cola not compressed or prehensile; par:ietal bone — usualmente no comprimida ni prensil; hueso not expanded; sternal-x i ph i sternal ribs five parietal no expandido; costillas esternales- Anol is xifiester nales ci nco Anol is

70. Head strongly produced posteriorly, either as 7^*Cabeza fuertemente prolongada hacia posterior, vertical fin or as horizontal shelf, may be bien como aleta vertical o bien como repisa in horizontal, puede ser inconspicua en hembras inconspicuous females and juveniles y 1^ 71 juven i les Head not expanded and drawn out posteriorly to Cabeza no prolongada hacia posterior, sin aleta form fin or shelf 73 "i repisa 73

~~71. Infradigi tal lamellae with several sharp keels; 7I. Lámelas ! nf rad i g i tales con varias quillas agu- vertical fin on head ]2 das; aleta vertical en la cabeza ]2~~

~~i tu- Infradigital lamellae with single tubercular Lámelas i nf rad ig tales con una sola quilla keel; horizontal shelf on head bercular; repisa horizontal en la cabeza Laemanctus Laemanctus~~

~~72. Toes of hind foot with fringe of flat scales 72« Dedos de extremidad posterior con fleco de es-~~

~~forming serrate margin Bas il i scus camas chatas que forman un borde serrado~~

~~Toes on hind foot without serrate margin Bas i 1 iscus Corytophanes Dedos de extremidad posterior sin borde serrado Corytophanes~~

~~73. No large, flat, round scale below ear 73*Sin escama redonda, grande, chata debajo del . 74 oído 7* Large, flat, round scale below ear opening Con una escama redonda, grande, chata debajo~~

~~1 guana I guana del orificio ótico~~

I agrandada, 74. nterpar ¡ etal scale conspicuously enlarged, at 7^»Escama interparietal visiblemente least one fifth as wide as head, and at least por lo menos un quinto de la anchura de la several times larger than any scale adjacent cabeza y varias veces más grande que cualquier to it (Fig. 10) 75 escama adyacente (Fig. lO) 75 Interparietal scale present or absent; if pre- Escama interparietal presente ausente, si sent, less than one-fifth as wide as head, and presente menos de un quinto de la anchura de not several times larger than any adjacent la cabeza y no varias veces mas grande que scale (Fig. ll) 86 cualquier escama adyacente (Fig. ll) 80 GENERIC KEY

~~Fig. ID. Trop idurus . enlarged interparietal Fig. 11. Ophryoesso ides , small interparietal~~

75'Tail length from slightly longer than to 75»Cola desde ligeramente más larga a mucho más considerably shorter than snout-vent length; corta que la longitud hocico-ano; escamas cau- caudal scales form whorls of stout spines dales forman anillos de espinas fuertes 76 yg Tail length much greater than snout-vent Longitud de la cola mucho mayor que longitud length; caudal scales may be mucronate but not hocico-ano; escamas caudales pueden ser mucro- spinose 77 nadas pero no espinosas 77

~~76. Tail about one-half snout-vent length, non- 76. Cola aproximadamente la mitad de longitud autotomic, with equal whorls of spines hocico-ano, no autotómica, con anillos iguales~~

Uracentron de esp i ñas Uracentron Tail about equal to snout-vent length, autoto- Longitud de la cola aproximadamente igual a la mlc, with caudal scales In unequal whorls hocico-ano, cola autotómica, con espinas cau- Strob llurus dales en anillos desiguales Strob ilurus

77- Orbit bordered below by a single, wide, 77«0'"hita bordeada por debajo por una sola subocu- elongate subocular extending to anterior lar ancha, alargada que se extiende hasta el corner of orbit, may be preceded by preocular ángulo anterior de la órbita, puede estar pre- of equal width 7^ cedida por un preocular de igual anchura Orbit bordered below by an arc of five to seven .78 subequal scales; no preocular 79 Órbita bordeada por debajo por un arco de cinco a siete escamas casi iguales; sin preoculai—75

~~78. Femoral pores present- - Sceloporus 78. Con poros femorales- - Sceloporus Femoral pores absent — - Trop idurus Sin poros femorales- - Trop idurus~~

75. Upper head scales small, subequal, pyramidal; 75" Escamas del dorso de la cabeza chicas, casi supraoculars small, supraorbital semicircles iguales, piramidales; supraoculares chicas, not distinct; interparietal scale about as semicfrculos supraorbi tales no distintos; wide as distance between orbits escama interparietal aproximadamente tan ancha Uran iscodon como distancia entre órbitas

Upper head scales of various sizes, flat or Uran i scodon convex, or a few may be conical; supraoculars Escamas del dorso de la cabeza de varios tama- enlarged, supraorbital semicircles distinct; ños, planas o convexas o unas pocas pueden ser interparietal scale much wider than distance cónicas; supraoculares dilatadas, semicírculos

between orb i ts PI ica supraorb i tales distintos; escama interparietal más ancha que la distancia entre las órbitas — Plica 80. Subd ig i tal lamellae smooth- —81 Subdigital lamellae keeled- -^7 80. Lámelas subdigitales lisas 81 Lámelas subdigitales quilladas 87

~~81. Ventral scales l~~

~~82. No median vertebral scale row --83 82. Sin línea media vertebral de escamas 83 Median vertebral row of enlarged scales- Con línea media vertebral de escamas dilatadas- - Enyal ius Enyal ius~~

.Lateral scales of body homogeneous 83" Escamas laterales del cuerpo homogéneas Aptycholaemus Aptycholaemus Lateral scales of body heterogeneous, including Escamas laterales del cuerpo heterogéneas, con small, smooth, juxtaposed scales with patches escamas pequeñas, lisas, yuxtapuestas que al-

~~of much larger scales An i solep i s ternan con grupos de escamas mucho más grandes An isolep is GENERIC KEY~~

84. Dorsal scales granular or nearly so; more than 84. Escamas dorsales granulares o casi granulares; 100 scales around midbody; distal subdigital más de 100 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo; lamellae with median groove 85 lámelas subdigitales distales con surco medio- Dorsal scales flat, pavimentous, fewer than 100 85 scales around midbody; distal subdigital Escamas dorsales planas, pav imentosas, menos de lamellae not grooved medially 100 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo; lame- Urostrophus las subdigitales distales sin surco medio Urostrophus

~~85. Caudal scales keeled distally; supraorbital 85. Escamas caudales quilladas distalmente; semi-~~

semicircles usually in contact between orbits- círculos supraorb i tales usualmente en contacto 86 entre las órbitas 86 All caudal scales smooth; supraorbital semi- Todas las escamas caudales lisas; semicírculos

~~circles not in contact between orbits supraorb i tales no en contacto entre las~~

~~D iplolaemus orb i tas D i plolaemus~~

86. Elongate subocular scale usually present; in- 86. Escama subocular alargada usualmente presente; conspicuous vertebral scale row present; con hilera vertebral de escamas inconspícua; usually with immaculate ventei usualmente con vientre inmaculado Cupriguanus Cupr iauanus Subocular scales usually subequal; no trace of Escamas suboculares usualmente casi iguales; vertebral scale row; Venter with broken, sin trazas de hilera vertebral de escamas;

~~brownish stripes Le i osaurus vientre con cintas parduzcas fragmentarias Le iosaurus~~

87. Dorsal head scales not conspicuously multicari- 87. Escamas del dorso de la cabeza no conspicua- nate; ear opening many times larger than mente muí t ¡carenadas; orificio ótico varias external nasal opening; males usually without veces mayor que el orificio nasal externo; extensile guiar fan 88 machos usualmente sin abanico guiar extensible Most of dorsal head scales conspicuously multi- 88 carínate; ear opening about twice as large as La mayoría de las escamas del dorso de la cabe-

external narial opening} male with large, za conspicuamente muí t i carenadas; orificio extensile guiar fan Trop idodactylus ótico aproximadamente el doble de tamaño que orificio nasal externo; macho con abanico

guiar extensible grande Trop i dodactylus 88. Anterior supere il iar Íes elongate and diagonally overlapping; usually with elongate subocular 88. Supere il iares anteriores alargadas y superpues- scale; no femoral pores; preanal pores present tas d iagonalmente; usualmente con escama or absent; with large sternal fontanelle subocular alargada; sin poros femorales; con o 85 sin poros preanales; con fontanela esternal Anterior supere il iar Íes not conspicuous and grande- overlapping; suboculars usually subequal; Superciliares anteriores no conspicuas ni femoral pores present or absent; preanal pores superpuestas; suboculares generalmente casi absent; sternal fontanelle small or absent igualeS; con sin poros femorales; sin poros 95 preanales; fontanela esternal chica o ausente- 55

~~85. I iferpar ietal scale usually conspicuous, usual- 85. Escama interparietal usualmente conspicua, ly about one eighth as wide as head and accom- usualmente aproximadamente un octavo del ancho~~

panied by pair of enlarged parietal scales; de la cabeza y acompañada por par de escamas males usually with preanal pores; no trace of parietales dilatadas; machos usualmente con vertebral scale row 5O poros preanales; sin trazas de hilera verte-

I nterpari etal scale usually inconspicuous or bral de escamas 90 absent; if present, less than one tenth width Escama interparietal usualmente inconspicua of head; vertebral scale row present or ausente, si presente, menos de un décimo del absent; no preanal pores in males 93 ancho de la cabeza; con o sin hilera vertebral de escamas; machos sin poros preanales 93

90, Scales of body small to large, but not more than 180 around midbody 9^ 9'^*^scamas del cuerpo chicas a grandes, pero no Scales of body small, almost granular, 180 or más de 180 alrededor del medio cuerpo more scales around midbody 91 Phymaturus Escamas del cuerpo chicas, casi granulares, 180 o más escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo Phymaturus

~~91. Palatine teeth absent; dorsal scales keeled 91.Sin dientes palatinos; escamas dorsales~~

~~L iolaemus qu i liadas L iolaemus Palatine teeth present; dorsal scales smooth-92 Con dientes palatinos; escamas dorsales lisas — 92~~

~~369-215 O—70 2 10 GENERIC KEY~~

~~52. Dorsal scales Imbricate and overlapping 52'Escamas dorsales imbricadas y tejadas Phrynosaura Phrynosaura Dorsal scales juxtaposed Escamas dorsales yuxtapuestas Ctenoblephari s Ctenoblephar Is~~

~~53, Scales along anterior margin of vent not form- 93' ^^'^^'''^^ '^^^ borde anterior del ano no forman~~

I ng denticulate border 9* borde denticulado 9* Scales along anterior margin of vent enlarged, Escamas del borde anterior del ano dilatadas, forming strongly denticulate border forman borde fuertemente denticulado- - Proctotretus Proctotretus

94.Proximal caudal scales much larger than ventral 9^» Escamas caudales prox imales mucho más grandes scales, forming whorls of spines; and/or que ventrales, formando remolinos de espinas; vertebral scale row absent; and/or sl

~~keeled Ophryoesso i des imbricadas y usualmente quilladas- - Ophryoesso ides~~

95'Tall long or short, but if less than one and 95'Cola larga corta, pero si menos que una y one half snout-vent length, it is spiny media veces la longitud hocico-ano entonces . 96 espinosa Jí Tall less than one and one half times snout- Cola menos de una y media veces la longitud vent length, not at all spiny hocico-ano, sin espinas Le iosaurus Le iosaurus 96. Cola corta larga, si más del doble de la 96, Tall short or long, if longer than twice snout- longitud hocico-ano entonces con hilera verte- vent length vertebral scale row is present bral de escamas 97 97 Cola al menos el doble que la longitud hocico- Tail at least twice as long as snout-vent ano, sin hilera vertebral de escamas length, no vertebral scale row Polychrus Polychrus 97. Con hilera vertebral de escamas, que forma den- 97. Vertebral scale row present, forming distinct ticulacion distinta 98 dent iculat ion 98 Con o sin hilera vertebral de escamas, si pre- vertebral row present or absent, if present sente muy inconsplcua y sin dent I culac ion- very inconspicuous and not at all denticulate- 102 ]^02 98, Cola con espinas grandes, fuertes 99 98.Tail with enlarged, heavy spines 99 Cola sin espinas grandes 100 Tail without heavy spines 100 99'Con grupo de escamas dilatadas, espinosas, pro- 99«With group of enlarged, spinose, protuberant tuberantes en tibio-fíbula scales on lower leg Enyal iosaurus Enyal iosaurus No conspicuously enlarged scales on lower leg-- Sin escamas notoriamente dilatadas en tibio- - Ctenosaura fíbula Cteno; ;aura

~~100. Pterygoid teeth present 101 100. Con dientes pterigoideos 101 No pterygoid teeth Polychroides Sin dientes pterigoideos Polychroides~~

101. Femoral pores usually present in males; no 101. Machos generalmente con poros femorales; sin marked sexual dichromat ism, i.e., no wide, dicromatismo sexual marcado, ej.: sin cintas light paravertebral stripes in female; tail paravertebrales claras, anchas en hembras; co- spiny or not; scales heterogeneous or not la espinosa no; escamas heterogéneas o no Enyalioides Enyal ioi des Femoral pores absent in males; usually with Machos sin poros femorales; usualmente con marked sexual d ichromat ism; females often with dicromatismo sexual marcado; hembras a menudo wide, light, paravertebral stripes; tail not con cintas paravertebrales claras, anchas; co- spiny; scales homogeneous Enyal ius la no espinosa; escamas homogéneas

~~Enyal i us —~~

~~u GENERIC KEY~~

102. Tail shorter, distinctly flattened, with whorls 102. Cola corta, distintamente aplanada, con anillos of spines; tail not autotomic de espinas; cola no autototnica Hoplocercus Hoplocercus Tail longer, rounded, also spiny; tail autoto- Cola larga, redondeada, también espinosa; cola m ic Morunasaurus autotóm ica Morunasaurus

~~103.Eyel ids rudimentary 104 IO3. Parpa dos rudimentari os 104 Both dorsal and ventral eyelids well developed- Párpados dorsal y ventral bien desarrollados - Coleonyx Coleonyx~~

~~104. Digits not dilated, slender throughout their 104. Dedos no dilatados, delgados a todo lo largo length 10$ IO5 Digits dilated, at least partially 110 Dedos dilatados, al menos parcialmente 110~~

~~105. Dig its straight 106 IO5. Dedos rectos 106 Digits not straight, distal phalanges angulate- Dedos no rectos, falanges distales en ángulo 107 107~~

106. Claw retractile into sheath Garth ia 106. Uña retráctil en vaina Garth ia Claw not retractile into sheath Ufia no retráctil en vaina Homonota -Homonota 107.Uria entre dos escamas, una superior chica y una 107. Claw between two scales, a small superior and inferior grande 108 large inferior 108 Uña entre cinco o mas escamas IO5 Claw between five or more scales IO5 108. Escamas dorsales homogéneas Gonatodes 108. Dorsal scales homogeneous Gonatodes Escamas dorsales heterogéneas Dorsal scales heterogeneous Gymnodactylus Gymnodactylus 105.Escamas supralaterales de la vaina de la uña en lOg.Supralateral scales of claw sheath in contact contacto a todo lo largo- (Fig- 12) throughout their length (Fig. 12) —' Pseudoqonatodes Pseudoqonatodes Escamas supralaterales de la vaina de la uña Supralateral scales of claw sheath separated by separadas por una sola escama (Fig. 13)

~~single scale (Fig. 13) Lep idoblephar is Lep i doblephar is~~

110. Dilation of digit either restricted to basal IIO.D i latac i on del dedo restringida a falanges ba- phalanges, or extends throughout entire digit- sales extendida a todo lo largo 111 Ill Dilatación del dedo limitada a parte distal Dilation of digit restricted to most distal 117 part 117 111. Uña en contacto con ligeramente mas alia de 111. Claw in contact with or only slightly beyond dilatación de falange basal dilation of basal phalanx Thecadactylus Thecadactylus Uiia mucho más allá de parte dilatada de falange Claw much beyond dilated part of basal phalanx- basal 112 -112 112. Lámela ¡nfradigital distal única 113 112. Distal infradigital lamellae single 113 Lámela infradigital distal doble 115 Distal infradigital lamellae double 115 113.Pollex bien desarrollado 114 113.Pollex well developed 114 Pollex muy reducido o ausente Pollex extremely reduced or absent Bogert ia Bogert ia

114. Claw of fifth finger retractile laterally 114. Uña del quinto dedo retráctil lateralmente Aristell iqer Ar istell iqer Claw of fifth finger not retractile laterally Uña del quinto dedo no retráctil lateralmente — Phyllopezus Phyllopezus

~~115-Pollex without claw, or, if present, extremely II5. Pollex sin uña, si presente, extremadamente~~

~~i m i ñute 116 d im ñuta II6 Pollex with claw Hem idactylus Pollex con uña Hemidactylus~~

116. Enlarged tubercles present on dorsum of body Ho-Con tubérculos dilatados en dorso del cuerpo Br iba Briba No enlarged tubercles on body Sin tubérculos dilatados en cuerpo Lepidodactylus Lep idodactylus 12 GENERIC KEY

~~liy.Pollex not reduced in size 118 117'Pollex de tamaño no reducido Pollex extremely reduced Lygodactvlus Pollex extremadamente reducldo- - Lygodactylus~~

118. Distal phalanges asymmetrical (Fig. 14) 11? 118. Falanges distales asimétricas (Fig. 14) II5 Distal phalanges symmetrically dilated, with two ventral terminal plates Falanges distales simétricamente dilatadas, con Phyllodactylus dos láminas terminales ventrales Phyllodactylus

llJ.Suprac i 1 iary spine present, terminal phalanges 115.Con espina supraciliar; falanges terminales distinctly asymmetrical distintamente asimétricas Sphaerodactylus Gphaerodactylus 1^0 supracil iary spi ne; terminal phalanges only ^'" espina supraciliar; falanges terminales slightly asymmetrical Coleodactylus sólo ligeramente asimétricas

~~, Coleodactylus~~

~~- - Fig. 12. Claw sheath in P seudo Fig. 13. Claw sheath in Lep ido Fig. 14. Sphaerodactylus .~~

~~qonatodes . viewed from above. blephar i s ^ viewed from above. showing asymmetry in distal phalanx. I~~

~~13 "^ REPULÍA: SAURIA: SCINCIDAE 'At 'At ABLEPHARUS :^ c^-UA,~~

~~ABLEPHARUS Fitzinger~~

~~1823 Ablepharus Fitzinger, in L ichtenste in, Verzeicliniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. UniversitSt zu Berlín: IO3. Type-species: Ablepharus pannonicus Fj-tzinqer.~~

18^4 Crvptoblepharum Wieqmann. Herpetologia Mexicana: 12. Type-species: Ablepharus poec i lopleuro Wiegmann (a nomen nudum). 1839 Pet ia Gray (substitute name for Crvptoblepharum ). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2: 335.

1843 Microblephar is Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 23. Type-species: Ablepharus Menestries i i Duméril and Bib ron. ^ 1845 Moreth ia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 65. Type-species: Morethia anomalus Gray.

~~I845 Menet ia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 65. Type-species: Menet ia Grey i i Gray.~~

~~I872 Blepharosteres Stoliczka, Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1872: 'Ji. Type-species: Blepharosteres Grayanus Stoliczka.~~

~~Distribution: Australia, Europe, eastern Asia, Africa, Polynesian Islands, and coastal islands of Peru and Ecuador.~~

~~Content: About 5'' species, of which only one occurs within limits of this work.~~

~~ABLEPHARUS BOUTONI (Cesjardin)~~

~~I83I Sc incus Bouton i i Desjardin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, 22: 298. Type-locality: Mauritius Island. 1868 Ablepharus Boutonii —Strauch, Mel. Biol. Acad. Imp. Sci. Sa i nt-Pltersbourg, 6: 566.~~

~~Distribution: Africa, Australia, southern Asia, Polynesia and islands of Pacific coast of Peru.~~

~~Content: About 3" subspecies, only one of which is found within limits set for this work.~~

~~Ablepharus bouton i i poec i lopleurus Wiegmann~~

~~1836 Ablepharus poec ilopleurus Wieqmann. Nova Acta Acad. Leop. -Carol. Caes. , I7: 202, pi. 18, fig. 1. Type-locality: Pisacoma Island, Peru.~~

~~"j: I887 Ablepharus bouton i poec ilopleurus —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 317-~~

~~1928 Cryptoblepharus bouton i i novocaledon icus Mertens, Zool. Anz., 78: 88. Type-locality; Hienghiene Island, New Caledonia Islands.~~

~~1928 Cryptoblepharus bouton i i novohebr i d icus Mertens, Zool. Anz., 78! 89. Type-locality: Malo Island, New Hebrides Islands.~~

Distribution: Widely distributed on Pacific and Polynesian Islands. The type-locality, Pisacoma Island, coastal Peru, needs to be confirmed to prove existence in South America. No continental localities have been verified. 14 repulía: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE -^ -^ * ABRONIA

~~ABROMA Gray~~

~~1338 Abronia Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 1; 385- Type-species: Gerrhonotus Deppii Wieamann.~~

~~I843 Asp idosoma F I tz inger, Systema Reptiliutn: 21. Type-species: Gerrhonotus taeniatus Wiegmarn. Le Fitzinger, 1843 iogerrlion Systema Reptilium: 21. Type-species: Gerrlionotus Depp i i Wiegmann.~~

~~1846 L ioqerrhon Agassiz (corrected spelling of Le ioqerrPion F i tz inger j , Nomenclátor is Zoologici index Universalis: 203 and 212.~~

~~Distribution: Guatemala and Mexico.~~

~~Content: Eleven species, nine of which are extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the species~~

~~1. Postmentals paired aur i ta 1. Un par de posmentales-~~

~~Postmental unpaired Vasconcelos i i Posmental impaj Vasconcelos i i~~

~~ABRONIA AURITA (Cope)~~

~~1869 Gerrhonotus auritus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se i . Phila., 1868: 3O6. Type-local i ty: Forest of Verapaz, Guatemala.~~

~~1885 Bar i ss i a f i m b r i a t a Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: f"]!. Type-locality: Pine Forest of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. 1949 Abronia aurita —Tihen, Amer. Midi. Nat., 41: 59I.~~

~~Distribution: Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.~~

~~ABRONIA VASCONCELOS I I (Bocourt)~~

~~IO7. I87I Gerrhonotus Vasconcelos i i Bocourt, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 7 (4): Type-locality: Arqueta, Guatemala, above 2000 m.~~

~~1949 Abronia Vasconcelos i i —Tihen, Amer. Midi. Nat., 41: 591-~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. 15_ repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE *** ALOPOGLOSSUS~~

~~ALOPOGLOSSUS Boulenger~~

~~Boulenger, Cat. Liz. ISSS Alopoqlossus Brit. Mus., 2: 383- Type-species: Alopoqlossus cop i i Boulenger.~~

~~Oistr ¡but ion: Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Guiaras.~~

~~Content: Five species, according to most recent revision, by Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool., 106, 1952.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Gulars not arranged in two longitudinal rows; 1. Guiares no dispuestas en dos hileras longi- four preanal scales 2 tudinales; cuatro preanales 2 in Gulars transversely enlarged and arranged Guiares ensanchadas transversalmente y dis- two longitudinal rows; three preanal scales puestas en dos hileras longitudinales; tres f estae preanales festae

~~2. Scales on sides of neck large and conical; 2. Escamas de los lados del cuello grandes y scales on posterior half of dorsum in longi- cónicas; escamas de la mitad posterior del~~

~~tudinal rows i copi dorso en hileras longitudinales copi i Not as above 3 No como el anterioi 3~~

3. Scales on sides of neck keeled, imbricate, not 3. Escamas de los lados del cuello guilladas, granular 4 imbricadas, no granulares 4 Scales on sides of neck small, almost granular- Escamas de los lados del cuello pequeñas, casi buckleyi granulares buckleyi

4. Gulars keeled or smooth, pointed, not truncate; 4. Guiares guilladas o lisss, puntiagudas, no ventrals spotless cari n icaudatus truncadas; ventrales sin manchas- Gulars smooth with a convex posterior border; cari n icaudatus ventrals with basal and lateral margins pig- Guiares lisas con un borde posterior convexo; mented- andeanus ventrales con los márgenes básales y laterales

~~p i gmentados andeanus~~

~~ALOPOGLOSSUS ANDEANUS Ruibal~~

~~l'j')2 Alopoqlossus andeanus Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: '~ilO. Type-locality: La Pampa, Depto. Puno, Peru, "¡60 m.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ALOPOGLOSSUS BUCKLEYI (O 'Shaughnessy)~~

1881 Leposoma buckleyi ' Shauqhnessy. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 233, Pl- 22, fig. 2, 2a, 2b. Type-locality; Canelos, Ecuador. IBS') Alopoqlossus buckleyi —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 3^5- 19^2 Alopoqlossus buckleyi —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 5O6.

Distribution: Amazonas, Brazil; Amazonian Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru (an unverified and very doubtful record from Babahoyo, on Pacific side of Ecuador, is given by Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 2], I9IO, 30).

~~ALOPOGLOSSUS CARI N ICAUDATUS (Cope)~~

. 8: I6O. Type-locality: Valley 1876 Lepidosoma car i n icaudatum Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i Phila., (2) of Rfo MaraRon, Peru. Mus., 2: 384. 1885 Alopoqlossus car i n icaudatum—Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. 1924 Alopoqlossus amazonius Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 153: 1. Type-locality: Villa Murtinho, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 26: fig. 1- Type-locality: 1946 Alopoqlossus copi i surinamensis Brongersma, Zool. Meded. Leyden, 23I, Forest on the Lucie River, Surinam. 1952 Alopoqlossus car inicaudatus-—Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 5''8.

~~Distribution: Periphery of Amazon Basin in Surinam, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. 16 ALOPOGLOSSUS~~

~~ALOPOGIOSSUS COP I I Boulenger~~

~~188S AloDoalossus copii Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Bpit. Mus., 2: 383» Type-locality: Canelos and Pallatanga, Ecuador. 1952 Alopoqlossus copii —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 505-~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Ecuador.~~

~~ALOPOGLOSSUS FESTAE Peracca~~

~~1904 Alopoqlossus festae Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, I5 (465)' 7- Type-locality: Vinces, Ecuador. 1952 Alopoqlossus festag—Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106; 502.~~

~~Distribution; Pacific slope of Ecuador. !~~

~~17 repulía: SAURlA: TEIIDAE -^ -^ AMEIVA~~

~~A ME I VA Meyer~~

~~1795 Ame iua J- Meyer, Synopsis Reptilium: 27. Type-species: Ame iua americana Meyer.~~

~~1800 Ame i va Bechstein (emendation of Ame i ua Meyer), in Laclpede, Naturgesch ichte der Amphibien, 2: 44.~~

1828 Cnem i dotus Wagler, isis von Oken, 21: 860. Type-spec i es: Lacerta ame i va Linnaeus. 1833 Pachylobronchus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 26: 851. Type-spec es: Lacerta ame iva Linnaeus. 1840 Am ieva Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 5= 114. Type-species: Amieva tr il ineata Gray.

~~1843 Phol i doscel i s Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium; 20. Type-species: Amei va ma jor Duméril and Bibron.~~

I869 Holcosus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1868: JOS. Type-species: Holcosus br i does i i Cope. I876 Amiva Cope (in error for Ameiva ). Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): II7. 1892 Tiaporus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 3'^' 132. Type-species: Tiaporus fuliqinosus Cope. 1500 Te japorus Cope (emendation of Tiaporus ). Ann. Rept. U.S. Nat. Mus., I858: 56O.

~~Distribution: Mexico, Central and South America.~~

~~Content: About I5 species, eleven of which are found within limits set for this work.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Head plates smooth 2 1. Placas cefálicas lisas 2~~

~~Head plates rugose septeml i neata Placas cefálicas rugosas septeml i neata~~

~~2. Frontal plate divided 3 2. Placa frontal dividida 3 Frontal plate entire 5 Placa frontal entera 5~~

~~3. Frontal plate divided into several smaller 3- Placa frontal dividida en varias escamas 4~~

~~scales 4 Placa frontal dividida en dos b i f rontata Frontal plate divided in two equal scales~~

~~b i f rontata 4. Mesoptychium con escamas ensanchadas orces i~~

~~Mesoptychium con escamas subiguales br i does i i~~

~~4. Mesoptychium with enlarged scales orces i~~

Mesoptychium with subequal scales br i dqes i i 5* Frontopar i etales y parietales en contacto con el interpar ietal 6 del 5. Frontoparietal and parietal plates in contact Frontopar i etales y parietales separados with interparietal 6 interparietal por una o dos hileras de Frontoparietal and parietal plates separated escamitas leptophrys from interparietal by one or two rows of small scales leptophrys 6. Región guiar con escamas centrales no distintamente ensanchadas 7 6. Guiar region without enlarged scales 7 Región guiar con escamas centrales nítidamente Guiar region with median scales distinctly ensanchadas- enlarged 8

~~7. Doce hileras de escamas ventrales ame i va~~

7. Twelve rows of ventral plates ame i va Ocho hileras de escamas ventrales edracantha Eight rows of ventral plates edracantha 8. Escamas guiares ensanchadas rodeadas por 8. Enlarged guiar scales surrounded by smaller escamas menores 5 scales 9 Escamas guiares ensanchadas rodeadas por Enlarged guiar scales surrounded by scales escamas gradualmente menores 11 gradually decreasing in size 11 9. Escamas guiares ensanchadas no dispuestas en 9. Enlarged guiar scales not arranged in single una hilera longitudinal; un interparietal 10 longitudinal row; one interparietal 10 Escamas guiares ensanchadas dispuestas en una Enlarged guiar scales arranged in single longi- hilera longitudinal; dos interparietales

~~tudinal row; two interparietals cha i tzam i cha i tzam i~~

~~10. Enlarged guiar scales larger than mental 10. Escamas guiares ensanchadas de mayor extension~~

~~f est i va que el sinfisial f est i va Enlarged guiar scales much smaller than mental- Escamas guiares ensanchadas mucho menores que~~

~~undulata el s i nf is i al undulata~~

'•Meyer actually named this genus Ame iua . not Ame i va . It is clear from the remainder of his text that the "V" is actually a capital "U", in Latin characters. While Ame iua has obvious priority, it is not used in this check list, which is only a summary of current usage. 18 AME IVA

~~11. Dorsal pattern of pair of dorsal yellow lines ll.Diseiio dorsal con un par de líneas amarillas, separated by broad darl~~

~~lateral blackish-brown stripe quadr i 1 i neata pardo negruzca dorsolateral quadr i 1 i neata Dorsal pattern not as above undulata Diseño dorsal no como el anterioi undulata~~

~~AMEIVA AME I VA (Linnaeus)~~

~~1758 Lacerta Ame i va Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 202. Type-locality: Brazil.~~

~~i — I853 Ame i va ame va Cockerell, Jour. Inst. Jamaica, 1: 310.~~

~~1510 Cnem i dophorus roeschmann i Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27: 28. Type-locality:~~

~~Provincia Ben i , Bolivia (it is uncertain with which subspecies this taxon is synonymous. Burt,~~

~~Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 15*, 1931> 21, indicated it as a synonym of Ame i va ame i va ame i va . which does not occur in Bolivia, and no more recent author has re-evaluated its status).~~

~~Distribution: Panama, tropical South America, Trinidad, Tobago and Margarita Islands.~~

~~Content: i i Ten subspecies, of which one ( aqu 1 na Carman) is ex tral i m i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Guiar region suffused with black 2 Region guiar con sufusion melanica 2 Guiar region not suffused with black Región sin 3 guiar sufusion melánica 3~~

2. Dorsum brown with transverse rows of ocelli Dorso pardo con hileras transversales de on sides, do not reach paravertebral ocelos que no llegan a la región para- reg ion melanocephala vertebral melanocephala Dorsum green with transverse rows of ocelli Dorso verdoso con hileras transversales de on sides and paravertebral region; verte- ocelos que llegan a la región paravertebral region mottled with small black spots bral; region vertebral ocupada por innu- tobaqana merables manchi tas tobagana

~~3. Pale vertebral stripe present 4 Con una banda clara vertebral 4 Pale vertebral stripe absent Sin banda 5 vertebral 5~~

4. Vertebral stripe not in contact with trans- Banda clara vertebral no conectada con verse rows of ocelli praes ignis bandas transversales de ocelos-- praesiqnis Vertebral stripe in contact with trans- Banda clara vertebral conectada con bandas verse rows of ocelli ornata transversales de ocelos ornata

5. Transverse rows of ocelli discontinuous, do Bandas de ocelos no continuas en la región not cross vertebral region 6 vertebral (, Transverse rows of ocelli continuous, Bandas transversales de ocelos continuas, crossing vertebral region voql i ininterrumpidas en la región vertebral

~~6. Ocelli regularly arranged 7 Ocelos dispuestos regularmente Ocelli irregularly arranged ] f ischeri Ocelos dispuestos irreqularemente-- f ischeri~~

Head with 7. dark markings; sides dark, Cabeza con diseños oscuros, flancos oscuros sharply distinct from dorsal color 8 y nítidamente distintos del color dorsal-8 Head without dark markings; small, scat- Cabeza sin diseños oscuros, escasas man- tered dark spotting on neck; sides chitas oscuras sobre la nuca con flancos slightly darkened laeta muy poco oscuros laeta

Los diseños confluyen formando trazos 3. Dorsal pattern confluent, forming irregu- irregulares, que forman un retículos sobre lar, reticulate markings or head, neck, la cabeza, cuello y tercio anterior del and anterior third of body ame i v dorso amei va Dorsal pattern not reticulate, spots Diseños no confluyen formando un retículo, isolated from one another peters i y se mantienen como manchitas aisladas

~~peters i •~~

~~19 AMEIVA~~

~~Ame i va ame i va ame i va (Linnaeus)~~

~~1768 Seps sur i namens i s Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 59- Type-locality: None given.~~

~~1768 Seps zeylan i cus Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 59- Type-locality: None given.~~

~~1795 ^i^e i ua amer icana Meyer (replacement name for Lacerta amei va Gmelin), Synopsis Reptilium: 28. 1802 Lacerta qraphica Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., J: 112. Type-locality: America (after Seba).~~

i I823 Ame i va vulgar s Lichtenstein (replacement name for Lacerta ame i va Linnaeus), Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin: 91» I825 Te jus Lateristriga Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 22, pi. 24, fig. 1. Type-locality: Brazil. 182S Tejus tritaeniatus Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 22, pi. 24, fig. 2. Type-locality: Estado da Baliia, Brazil. I838 Ameiva maculata Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 1: 277. Type-locality: Brazil. 1845 Ameiva guttata Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 18. Type-locality: Demerara; Pernambuco; and Brazil.

i . 1862 L.[ acerta ] tr istr iata Cope ( in error for Te jus tr i taeniatus Spix), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Pliila., 1862: 68. 1915 Amei va amei va amei va — Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59' '^^^• 191"^ Ameiva ameiva bilineata Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59' ^^^' Type-locality: Dunoon, Demarara River, Guyana.

~~Distribution: Southern Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, northeastern Brazil.~~

~~Amei va ame i va f i scher i nomen novum~~

1879 Cnemi dophorus maculatus Fischer, Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 67= 95> pl- *> figs. 1-6. Type-locality: Sabana Larga, Colombia. iqiS Ameiva ameiva maculata Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59= ^^1

~~Distribution: Sabana Larga and Sierra de Santa Marta, Colombia.~~

~~Comment: This new name is necessary because of the prior name Ameiva maculata Gray, I838. No previous author has replaced maculatus Fischer, 1879'~~

~~Ame i va ame i va laeta Cope~~

~~1862: Type-locality: Near Rio 1862 A.[ meiva ] laeta Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65. de Janeiro, Brazil. 1915 Ameiva ameiva laeta Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59: 467.~~

~~Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Goiás, Brazil.~~

~~Ame i va ame iva melanocephala Barbour and Noble~~

~~iqiS Ameiva ameiva melanocephala Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59: 465. Type- locality: Cumanocoa, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Venezuela, La Guayra Range in central Venezuela; Isla Margarita.~~

~~Ame i va ame i va orna ta Mú'ller and Hellmich~~

~~1540 Ameiva ameiva ornata Mú'ller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 132: I79, figs. 1-2. Type- locality: La Puerta, Fusagasugá, Colombia, 1200 m.~~

~~Distribution; Llanos of Fusagasugá, Colombia.~~

~~Ame i va ame i va peters i i Cope~~

Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: Type-local i ty: Ñapo or 1868 Ameiva petersi i Cope. Proc. Acad. 99. Marañen, Ecuador. Pebas I87I Ameiva pleurotaenia Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I87I: 652. Type-locality: and Pozuzu, Peru. Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59: 466. 1515 Ameiva ameiva peters i —Barbour and

~~Distribution: Upper Amazonian Basin. i i~~

~~20 AMEIVA~~

~~i G Ame i va ame i va praes iqn is { Ba rd and ¡rard)~~

i . 18S2 Cnem i dophorus praesignis Baird and Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se Phila., 1852: 129. Type- locality: Chagres, Panama. and Noble, Mus. Comp. Zool., ''68. 1515 Ame i va ame iva praes ignis — Barbour Bull. 59'

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Colombia, Panama, and central llanos of western Venezuela.~~

~~Ame i va ame i va tobaqana Cope~~

~~I879 Am i va surinamens is tobaqanus Cope, Proc. Amer. Pfíil. Soc, 18: 276. Type-locality: Tobago Island.~~

~~i i i Inst., I887 Amei va sur i namens s var. atr guiar s Garman, Bull. Essex I9: 2. Type-locality:~~

~~Tr i n ! dad.~~

~~1962 Ame i va ame i va tobaqana — Underwood, Caribb. Affairs, New Ser., 1: 9'''~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad and Tobago.~~

~~Ame i va ame i va voql Müller~~

~~1929 Amei va ame iva voql Müller, Zool. Anz., 83: 100, figs. 1-6. Type-locality: Barinas, Zamora, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Llanos de Barinas and Apure, Venezuela.~~

~~AMEIVA BIFRONTATA Cope~~

1862 A.[ meiva ] bifrontata Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 67. Type-locality: St. Thomas, West Indies; and New Grenada = Colombia (Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59, I915, 471, express doubt that this species ever occurred on St. Thomas, and indicate they think all type specimens probably came from Venezuela).

~~Distribution: Northern Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela; Testigos Island, Dutch Leeward Islands and Margarita Island.~~

~~Content: Four subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Scales of outer row of ventrals small, not 1. Escamas de la hilera ventral más externa equal in length to neighboring ventral, chicas, no iguales en longitud a las ven- usually separated by granules from next trales vecinas, generalmente separadas por poster i or ventral 2 granulos de la ventral siguiente posterior Scales of outer row of ventrals large, 2 equal in length to neighboring ventral, Escamas de la hilera ventral más externa, usually in contact with next posterior grandes, iguales en longitud a las ven- ventral concolor trales vecinas, generalmente en contacto con la ventral siguiente posterioi 2. Postbrachial scales dilated concolor 3 Postbrachial scales all about same size as 2. Escamas postbraqu iales ensanchadas other scales on arm 3 insulana Todas las escamas postbraqu iales aproximadamente del mismo tamaRo que las otras escamas del brazo 3. Supraocular granules extend beyond anterior insulana border of third supraocular and occasion- 3. Granulos supraoculares se extienden más ally surround it bifrontata allá del margen anterior de la tercera Supraocular granules may extend to but not supraocular, a veces delante rodeándola — beyond anterior border of third supraocular , b i f ronta ta and never surround it divisa Granulos supraoculares se extienden hasta, pero nunca más allá del margen de la tercera supraocular nunca la — y rodean d i visa A

~~21^ AME IV~~

~~Ame i va bifrontata bifrontata Cope~~

~~Ameiva bifrontata bifrontata Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 155: 6. 1924 [ ]~~

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America, Dutch Leeward Islands, Margarita Island, Aruba Island.~~

~~Ameiva bifrontata concolor Ruthven~~

~~1924 Ameiva bifrontata concolor Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 155: 3- Type- locality: Paipoy, R'o Crisnejas, Peru, 35^0 ft.~~

~~Distribution: Canyons of Ríos Crisnejas and Marañen, Peru.~~

~~Ameiva bifrontata d i visa (Fischer)~~

~~ISyq Cnemidophorus divisus Fischer, Verb. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 67: 95, pi. 5, figs. 1-6.~~

~~Type-locality; Barranqu i 11a, Colombia. Ameiva bifrontata divisa Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 155' 6. 1924 [ ]~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern South America.~~

~~Ame i va b i f rontata i nsulana Ruthven~~

1924 Ameiva insulana Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 149: 1. Type-locality: Testigos Island, Venezuela. Ameiva bifrontata insulana Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 155= 2. 1924 [ ]

~~Distribution: Testigos Island, Venezuela.~~

~~AMEIVA BRIDGES I I (Cope)~~

~~1869 Holcosus bridges! i Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1868: 3O6. Type-locality: Questionably Ecuador.~~

1915 Ame i va br i does i i — Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59- *7S*

~~1964 Ameiva br i dqes i i — Peters. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sc i . , 63: II7, figs, lb, 2b.~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern coastal areas of Ecuador, Chocó of Colombia, Gorgona Island.~~

~~AMEIVA CHAITZAMI Stuart~~

~~1942 Ameiva chaitzami Stuart, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55' 1''3' Type-locality: Along Cahabon- Lanquin trail about 2 km north of Finca Canihor, about '¡8 km east northeast of Coban, Alta~~

~~Distribution: Known only from vicinity of type locality.~~

~~AMEIVA EDRACANTHA Bocourt~~

I874 Ameiva edracantha Bocourt, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) I9 U): 3. Type-locality: Mexico. I876 Cnemidophorus armatulus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I65. Type-locality: Valley of Jequetepeque, Peru.

~~Distribution: Coastal area of Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~AMEIVA FESTIVA (L ichtenste i n)~~

~~I856 Cnem i dophorus f est i vus L i chtenste i n. Nomenclátor Reptilium et Amphibiorum Musei Zoologici~~

~~Berol i nens i s: I3. Type-locality: Veragoa, Panama. 20A, fig. pi. 20D, I874 Ameiva f est i vus — Bocourt. Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 260, pi. 20, fig. 2; pi. 10, fig. 6.~~

~~Distribution; Colombia through Central America to Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Content: Four subspecies. 22 AMEIVA~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~con bordes 2 1. Vertebral stripe with parallel borders 2 1. Cinta vertebral paralelos Vertebral stripe with zig-zag borders Cinta vertebral con bordes en zig-zag~~

~~occ i dental is occ i dental i s~~

2. Vertebral stripe 8-10 granules wide; half 2. Cinta vertebral estrecha, 8-10 granulos de of parietals included in vertebral stripe- ancho; mitad de los parietales incluida en 3 la cinta vertebral 3 Vertebral stripe 30-*^ granules wide; Cinta vertebral ancha, JO-iO granulos de entire parietals included in vertebral ancho; parietales incluidos en la cinta

~~str ipe n i cef oro i vertebral n icef oroi~~

~~shield iíltimo sublabial grande f est i va 3. Poster i ormost sublabial one large 3.~~

~~f est iva Último sublab ial d i V id i do en tres pequeñas~~

~~Poster i ormost sublabial divided into three escamas que forman un triángulo imperfecto~~

~~smaller scales forming rough triangle (fig. 1) edwards i i~~

~~i (fig. 1 ) edwards i~~

~~Fig. 1. On left, f. festiva , on right, f. edwards i i (from Stuart, 15*3)-~~

~~Ame i va f est i va f est i va (L i chtenste i n)~~

~~1862 A.[ mei va j eu trop ia Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se i . Phila., 1862: 62. Type-locality: Truando River, northwestern Colombia.~~

~~i va f i va 1529 Ame festiva [ est J — Barbour and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 141.~~

~~19S6 Ameiva festiva f est i va — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Se i . Bull., 38: 260, fig. 65.~~

~~Distribution: Northern Colombia to Panama.~~

~~Ame i va f est i va edwards i ¡ Bocourt~~

~~I873 Ameiva Edwardsii Bocourt. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) I7 (art. I7): 1. Type-locality: Isabel and Santa Maria de Panzos, Guatemala.~~

~~1943 Ameiva festiva edwards I i — Stuart. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 47I: 21, fig. ],~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations on Caribbean slope from Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, southeast to northern Honduras and Nicaragua, exclusive of outer end of Yucatán~~

~~Pen i nsula.~~

.^9 Ameiva test iva n i ceforo i Dunn sih Ameiva ,sf-'''%o 1943 festiva niceforoi Dunn, Notulae Naturae, Acad. Nat. S ci. Phila., 126: 1. Type- locality: n"^ Sasaima, 75 km northwest of Bogotá, Colombia, 1 200 m.

~~Distribution: Western slope of eastern Andes in Colomb 0-1800~~

~~Amei va i fest va occ i dental i s Taylor~~

~~1956lmeiva festiva occidentalis Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 264, fig. 66. Type- locality: 5 mi east of San Isidro del General, Provincia San José, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias Puntarenas and San José, Costa Rica. 23 AMEIVA~~

~~AMEIVA LEPTOPHRYS Cope~~

ISqS Amiva leptophrys Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 3I: 341. Type-locality: Buenos Aires, Costa Rica. iqiS Ameiva ruthveni Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 55: 47I. Type-locality: Near Panama City, Panama.

~~Distribution: Panama to Costa Rica.~~

~~AMEIVA ORCES I Peters~~

~~S. Acad. Sci., Type-locality: l/2 km northeast of 1564 Ameiva orces i Peters, Bull. Calif. 63: I23. Abdon Calderón, Provincia Azuay, Ecuador, I6OO m.~~

~~Distribution: Valley of Río Jubones, Provincia Azuay, Ecuador, I25O-I7OO m.~~

~~AMEIVA CUADRIL INEATA (HaUowell)~~

Type-locality: 1861 Cnemidophorus quadr i 1 i neatus Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I860: 483. Nicaragua; restricted to Greytown, Nicaragua by Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 3^, 195^» 2/1.

i 1 i Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 62. 1862 A.[ meiva j quadr neata — Cope, I876 Amiva qabbiana Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): II7. Type-locality: Old Harbor, Puerto Viejo, Limón, Costa Rica.

~~Distribution: Panama to Nicaragua.~~

~~AMEIVA SEPTEMLINEATA Dumlril~~

I85I A.f mei va ] Septeml ¡neata Ouméril, Cat. Meth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: 114. Type-locality: South Amer ica. IBSq Ameiva sex-scutata Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I859: 402. Type-locality: Andes of western Ecuador.

~~Distribution: Moister areas of Ecuador lowlands, from Guayaquil north.~~

~~AMEIVA UNDULATA (Wieqmann)~~

~~Mexico. I834 Cn.f em i dophorus ] undulatus W ieqmann, Herpetologia Mexicana; 27. Type-locality: 184S Ameiva undulatus — Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 20.~~

~~Distribution: Costa Rica to southern Mexico.~~

~~Content: Twelve subspecies, six of which ( amph i gramma Smith and Laufe, dextra Smith and Laufe,~~

~~podarqa Smith and Laufe, s in istra Smith and Laufe, stuart i Smith, and undulata Wiegmann) are~~

~~extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Median gulars abruptly enlarged —2 1. Guiares medianas abruptamente agrandadas--2 Median gulars enlarged but grading gradual- Guiares medianas agrandadas gradualmente ly into smaller surrounding throat entre pequeñas escamas de la garganta 4 scales 4 2. Una hilera de granulos entre el tercer

~~2. One row of granules betv/een third supra- supraocular y los superciliares; tercer~~

ocular and supere i 1 iar ies; third supra- supraocular contacta con los frontoparie- ocular in contact with frontoparietals 3 tales 3 Two rows of granules between third supra- Dos hileras de granulos entre el tercer

ocular and supere il iar i es; third supra- supraocular y los superciliares; tercer ocular separated from frontoparietals by supraocular separado de los frontoparie- granules parva tales por granulos parva

~~3. Upper lateral light spots merged with 3. Manchas claras súpero-laterales emergen con dorso-lateral light line to form continu- línea clara lateral y forman una banda~~

~~ous light band thomas i clara continua thomas i Coloration not as above pulchra Coloración no como la anterior pulchra 24 AME IVA~~

ninguna man- 4, Middorsal region with few small blotches or 4. Región vertebral con pocas none, never reticulate 5 chas pequeñas, nunca reticuladas 5 Middorsal region heavily reticulate or Región vertebral densamente reticulada o blotched "liadis manchada m i adi s

o más cintas claras laterales entre la 5. Twelve or more light vertical stripes or 5. Doce oa igeae lines between axilla and groin ga i qeae axila e ingle Fewer than twelve light vertical stripes or Menos de doce cintas claras laterales entre

~~i lines between axilla and groin hartweq i la axila e ingle hartweq~~

~~i Laufe Ame i va undulata qa qeae Smith and~~

~~1546 Ameiva undulata qa iqeae Smith and Laufe, Univ, Kansas Se i . Bull., 31: J] , fig. 10, pl. 20. Type-locality: Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Yucatán Peninsula south to northern El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~Ame i va undulata hartweq i Smith~~

~~1540 Ame i va undulata hartweq i Smith, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53" 55- Type-locality; Chiapas, Mexico, across R'o Usumacinta from Piedras Negras, Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Caribbean slope from extreme southeastern Mexico through northern Guatemala to northern Honduras.~~

~~Ame i va undulata m i ad i s Barbour and Loveridge, new combination~~

~~1929 Ameiva festiva miadis Barbour' and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65: 141. Type- locality: Great Corn Island.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from Great Corn Island, forty miles off Nicaraguan coast-~~

~~Comment: The placement of this taxon as a subspecies of Ame i va undulata rather than of~~

~~Ame i va f est i va is at the suggestion of Arthur Echternacht, who will publish documentation of the change very shortly.~~

~~Ame i va undulata parva Barbour and Noble~~

~~1515 Ame i va undulata parva Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool., 59= 47^" Type-locality:~~

~~Guatemala; restricted by Smith and Laufe, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 31, 1546, 5I, to Mazatenango, Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Pacific slope from Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, to Costa Rica.~~

~~Ame i va undulata pulchra Hallowell~~

~~I86I Ameiva pulchra Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I860: 483. Type-locality: N icaragua.~~

~~1942 Ameiva undulata pulchra — Stuart . Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55: 146.~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean Honduras to Costa Rica. .#~~

~~v?-'^ Ame i va undulata thomas i Smith and Laufe~~

^' y-"*— Ameiva 1946 undulata thomasi Smith and Laufe, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 31: 47, pl. lA. Type- ^ locality: La Libertad, Chiapas, Mexico, near R'o Cuilco where it crosses Guatemalan , Xf csS^ " border. [h^,C^

~~Distribution: Moderate elevations of upper valley of Rio Grijalva, Chiapas, Mexico, and its headwater valleys in Guatemala. 25 AMEIVA~~

~~INCERTAE SED IS~~

~~1802 Lacerta litterata Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3: 106. Type-locality: Germany.~~

Comment: This and the following species ( qutturosa ) were included as synonyms of Ame iva surinamensis by Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, 1885, 352. Barbour and Noble did not mention either in their review of the genus Ame iva where , the species including surinamensis (A. ame iva ) was divided into many subspecies. We do not know where they should be assigned.

~~1802 Lacerta qutturosa Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 3: lig. Type-locality: Santiago, Chile.~~

~~369-215 O—70 13 26 repulía: AMPH ISBAENIA: AMPHISBAENIDAE -^ ^ ^ 'A AMPHISBAENA Prepared by Carl Cans and Carlos 0. Diefenbach, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York~~

~~AMPHISBAENA Linnaeus~~

~~I7S8 Ampli isbaena Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 225. Type-species: Amph i sbaena fuliginosa~~

~~L i nnaeus.~~

184S Glyptoderma Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-species: Amph i sbaena verm icular i s Wagler. 184^ Typhloblanus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-species: Amphisbaena caeca Cuvier. 1844 Sarea. Gray, Cat. Tort., Croc, Amphis. Brit. Mus.: 71» Type-species: Amphisbaena ridlevi Boulenger, as stated by Cans and Alexander, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 128, I562, 82, because of a mistaken identification by Gray. I86I Diphalus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861: 75- Type-species: Diphalus fenestratus Cope. 1885 Aporarchus. Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22 (l884): I85. Type-species: Aporarchus prunlcolor Cope.

~~Distribution: Continental South America; Panama; many Caribbean Islands; one species from southern~~

~~Africa doubtfully included by Cans, l')(>1 •~~

~~Content: Forty-five species, of which 35 ^""^ found within the limits of this work, following Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 135, 1967, 68-76.~~

~~Key to the species^ Clave de especies^~~

1. Without major fusions of head shields; pre- 1. Sin mayor fusión de escudos cefálicos; prefrontals, frontals, supralabials and oculars frontales, frontales, supralab iales y oculares always separate 2 siempre separados 2 Fusion of head shields frequent and character- Fusión de escudos cefálicos frecuente y carac-

~~ist ic ste ¡neger i ter íst lea s te jneger i~~

2. Very large and thick, adults 4O-5O cm long, I.5 2. Adultos muy grandes y gruesos, 4O-5O cm de cm in diameter; more than 42 segments per mid- longitud, I.5 cm de diámetro; más de 42 seg- body annulus; lacking caudal autotomy 3 mentos por anillo del medio cuerpo; sin auto- Small to medium sized, adults less than 35 '^'^ tom'a caudal 3 long, less than 1 cm in diameter; fewer than Tamaño pequeño a mediano, adultos menos de 35 48 segments per mldbody annulus; lacking cm de longitud, menos de 1 cm de diámetro; caudal autotomy 4 menos de 48 segmentos por anillo del medio Small to large, generally more slender; fewer cuerpo; sin autotom'a caudal 4 than 85 segments per midbody annulus; caudal Pequeños a grandes, generalmente más delgados; autotomy annulus present 8 menos de 85 segmentos por anillo del medio cuerpo; con anillo autotomico caudal-

3. More than 65 segments per midbody annulus; head 3. Más de 65 segmentos por anillo del medio cuer- bluntly rounded; with prominent temporal po; cabeza roma redondeada; con grandes pro- bulges in adults; tail of same diameter as tuberancias temporales en adultos; cola del trunk; terminal caudal annul! weakly mismo diámetro que el tronco; anillos caudales delimited; 4-10 precloacal pores alba terminales débilmente delimitados; 4-10 poros Fewer than 65 segments per midbody annulus; precloacales alba head elongate, acutely pointed, with spatulate Menos de 65 segmentos por anillo del medio rostral tip; temporal bulges not prominent; cuerpo; cabeza alargada, muy puntuda, con tail of smaller diameter than trunk, reducing ápice rostral espatulado; protuberancias tem- toward tip; terminal caudal annul! clearly porales no prominentes; cola de menor diámetro marked; precloacal pores 3"^, usually 4 que el tronco, afinándose hacia la punta; ani-

~~angust i f rons líos caudales terminales bien marcados; poros precloacales 3"6, usualmente 4 angust if rons~~

~~4. More than 238 body annul! 5 4. Más de 238 anillos del cuerpo 5 Fewer than 232 body annul! 6 Menos de 232 anillos del cuerpo 6~~

5. More than 40 segments per midbody annulus 5' ^^^ ^^ ^^ segmentos por anillo del medio cuerpo occidental is occ idental is Fewer than 41 segments per midbody annulus Menos de 41 segmentos por anillo del medio

~~i ste ! ndachner i cuerpo ste indachner~~

~~Amph! 'This key omits the forms Amph! sbaena grácil i s . ^^En esta clave se omiten las formas sbaena~~

~~£. plúmbea . and A^. polygramm lea as being grac ills . A, plúmbea y A. polyorammica por no insufficiently characterized. estar suficientemente caracterizadas. I~~

~~27 AMPHISBAENA~~

6. Tail Cylindrical; without conspicuous nuchal 6. Cola cilindrica; sin constricción nucal con- constriction; 185 or more body annul!; snout spicua; 18$ o más anillos del cuerpo; hocico broad 7 ancho 7 Tail sharply conical, tip only one-half Cola cónica,diámetrodelapuntasólolamitaddel diameter of base; distinct nuchal constric- de la base; constricción nucal clara, menos de tion; fewer than 153 body annuli; snout 153 anillos del cuerpo, hocico puntudo

~~po in ted r i dley i ridley i~~

7. Tail with marked vertical keel distally; 26-31 7- Cola con quilla vertical marcada distalmente, segments per midbody annulus bahiana 26-3I segmentos por anillo del medio cuerpo Tail with round end; 23-42 segments per midbody bah iana annulus dub ¡a Cola con punta redondeada; 25-42 segmentos por anillo del medio cuerpo dubia

8. Two supralab lals; fewer than three infralabials 8. Dos supralab jales; menos de tres inf ralab iales- _ _ . 5 5 More than two supralab ials; more than two Mas de dos supralabiales, más de dos infra- infralabials 10 lab Iales 10

~~5. Body annull 204-211; 22-26 segments per midbody 5. Anillos del cuerpo 204-211; 22-26 segmentos por annulus; postocular larger than prefrontals; anillo del medio cuerpo; postocular mayor que~~

two Infralabials slev In i prefrontales, dos i nf ralab Iales slevln i Body annull 225-228; 28-30 segments per midbody Anillos del cuerpo 225-228; 28-30 segmentos por annulus; postocular smaller than parietals; anillo del medio cuerpo; postocular menor que

~~one and one-half infralabials vanzol i n i I parietales; un Infralablal y med io- vanzol in i I~~

~~10. Without postmalar row 11 10. Sin hilera postmalar 11 Postmalar row present 17 Con hilera postmalai 17~~

~~11. Two precloacal pores 12 11. Dos poros precloacales 12 Four or more precloacal pores 15 Cuatro o más poros precloacales 15~~

~~12. Fewer than 182 body annuli 13 12. Menos de 182 anillos del cuerpo 13 More than 202 body annuli 14 Más de 202 anillos del cuerpo 14~~

13. Fewer than 162 body annuli; 24-28 segments per I3. Menos de l62 anillos del cuerpo; 24-28 segmen- midbody annulus neolecta tos por anillo del medio cuerpo neglecta Body annuli 175"181; 20-24 segments per midbody Anillos del medio cuerpo 175-181; 20-24 segmen-

~~annulus s llvestr I I tos por anillo del medio cuerpo s I Ivestr i i~~

14. Body annull 203-220; precloacal pores large and 14. Anillos del cuerpo 203-220; poros precloacales oval; nasals as large as or larger than pre- grandes y ovales; nasales tan grandes como o frontals; parietals as large as or larger than mayores que prefrontales; parietales tan

~~frontals; tip of tail round m I tchell grandes como o mayores que frontales; cola de~~

Body annull 240-265; precloacal pores round or punta redondeada m i tchell i faintly oval; nasals smaller than prefrontals; Anillos del cuerpo 240-265; poros precloacales parietals never larger than frontals; tip of redondos o ligeramente ovales; nasales mas

~~tail with vertical keel robert i chicos que prefrontales; parietales nunca mayores que frontales; punta de la cola con~~

. quilla vertical roberti 15.Postmental shield faintly longer, same size as, or smaller than mental 16 15.Escudo postmental ligeramente más largo que el Postmental shield markedly longer and of larger mental, superficie del mismo tamaño o menor

area than mental carvalho i que la de este 16 Escudo postmental mucho más largo y de mayor superficie que el mental carvalhoi 16. Fewer than 215 body annuli; I6-I5 caudal annuli; 28-36 segments per midbody annulus; no 16. Menos de 215 anillos del cuerpo; I6-I5 anillos distinct neck constriction; tail with same caudales; 28-36 segmentos por anillo del medio

~~pigmentation pattern as body per icens i s cuerpo; sin constricción del cuello clara; Body annuli 222-226; 15-24 caudal annuli; 26 cola con el mismo diseño de pigmentación que~~

~~segments per midbody annulus; very distinct el cuerpo peri cens i s neck constriction; tail more darkly pigmented Anillos del cuerpo 222-226; 13-24 anillos cau-~~

~~than body n iqr i cauda dales; 26 segmentos por anillo del medio cuerpo; constricción del cuello bien neta; cola con pigmentación mas oscura que el cuerpo~~

~~n i qr icauda 28 AMPHISBAENA~~

medi 17. Fewer than 56 segments per midbody annulus 18 I7. Menos de 56 segmentos por anillo del More than 54 segments per midbody annulus cuerpo camura Más de 5^ segmentos por anillo del medio cuerpo camura

~~18. More than four precloacal pores 15 18. Más de cuatro poros precloacales 19 Fewer than five precloacal pores 22 Menos de cinco poros precloacales 22~~

19. Fewer than eleven precloacal pores; head with I9. Menos de once poros precloacales; cabeza con el same pattern of pigmentation as body 20 mismo diseño de pigmentación que el cuerpo--20 More than ten precloacal pores; head and body Más de diez poros precloacales; cabeza y cuerpo to sixth annulus lacking pigment — leucocephala hasta el sexto anillo sin pigmento leucocephala

~~20. Nasals smaller than prefrontals; without con- 20. Nasales menores que pref rontales; sin diseño spicuous checl~~

~~labial sometimes fused ful i q inosa infralabial a veces fusionados ful i g inosa~~

21.Parietals of same size as or larger than fron- 21. Par i etales iguales o mayores que frontales; sin tais; no preocular shields; pigmentation on escudos preoculares; pigmentación solo en la anterior part of body segments only; tail parte anterior de segmentos del cuerpo; cola

~~distinctly segmented to tip mertens i con segmentación distinta hasta la punta~~

Parietals never larger than frontals; preocular mertens i shields split off second supralabial often Parietales nunca mayores que los frontales; present; temporal bulges; tail relatively a menudo con escudos preoculares separados del blunt, without distinct segmentation to tip; segundo supralabial; protuberancias tempo- uniform brown with ventral fading pretrei rales; cola relativamente roma, sin segmenta- ción distinta hasta la punta; pardo uniforme,

~~más pálido a ventral pretre i~~

~~22. Fewer than 261 body annul! 23~~

~~More than 260 body annul i occ i dental is 22. Menos de 261 anillos del cuerpo 23~~

~~Más de 260 anillos del cuerpo occ i dental is~~

23. Medium to large, with three or fewer supra- 23. Animales medianos a grandes con tres o menos labials, or small to medium size animals, with supralab iales, animales medianos a chicos fewer than 219 body annul! and three or four con menos de 219 anillos del cuerpo y tres o

~~supralab i a Is 24 cuatro supralab iales 24 Medium to large, with more than 211 body annul! Animales medianos a grandes con más de 211 ani-~~

~~and four supralabials vermicular i s líos del cuerpo y cuatro supralab iales~~

~~verm icular i s~~

24. Contact between mental and postmental forms 24. Contacto entre mental y postmental a lo largo line; rarely with point contact between first de una línea; raramente con un punto de con- parietals 25 tacto entre primeros parietales 25 Triangular mental and lozenge shaped postmental Mental triangular y postmental en forma de meet in point contact; also point contact losanje tienen un punto de contacto; los pri- between first parietals; head elongate and meros parietales también tienen un punto de

~~flattened h eath i contacto; cabeza alargada y aplanada heath i~~

25.Body generally not uniformly colored, often 25. Color del cuerpo generalmente no uniforme, a lighter ventrally; caudal tip not white 26 menudo más claro a ventral; punta de la cola no Uniform dark brown color throughout most of blanca 26

~~body; tip of tail white slater i Color pardo uniforme a lo largo de casi todo el~~

~~cuerpo; punta de la cola blanca^ slater i~~

~~26. Postmental shield of same size as or smaller 26. Escudo postmental igual o menor que mental 27 than mental 27 Escudo postmental mucho mayor en longitud y~~

~~Postmental shield markedly larger in both superficie que mental spurrell i~~

~~length and area than mental spurrell i i~~

~~29 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~27. Segments of body without tuberculat ion, or if 27. Segmentos del cuerpo sin tubérculos con tu-~~

~~tuberculat i on present, only posterior to bérculos solo a posterior de constricción caudal autotomy constriction; generally three autotómica caudal; generalmente tres supra-~~

supralab i a Is 28 lab i a les 28 Segments of body and tail with squarish tuber- Segmentos del cuerpo y cola con tubérculos cua- culation; four supralab ials; medium size; 2O5- drados; cuatro supralab iales; tamaño mediano;

~~205 body annuli i roze 205-205 anillos del cuerpo roze i~~

28. Four, very rarely two precloacal pores; fewer 28. Cuatro, raramente dos, poros precloacales; than 215 body annuli 25 menos de 219 anillos del cuerpo 23 Two precloacal pores; more than 216 body annuli Dos poros precloacales; más de 216 anillos del

~~i leeser cuerpo leeser i~~

25. Two rows of postgenials; generally more than 29.005 hileras de postgeniales; generalmente más seven postmalars; autotomy constriction de siete postmalares; constricción autotómica generally beyond fifth caudal annulus 3'' generalmente más allá del quinto anillo caudal Generally one row of postgenials, or, if two, 30 second with very tiny segments; 6-8 Generalmente una hilera de postgeniales, o si postmalars; autotomy constriction at fourth to hay dos, la segunda con segmentos muy chicos; i- sixth caudal annuli; I77-I9I body annul hoqe i 6-8 postmalares; constricción autotómica en anillos caudales cuarto a sexto; 177-191 ani-

llos del cuerpo hoqe i 30. Second supralabial generally larger than first and third; fewer than 208 body annuli 3I 30. Segundo supralabial generalmente mayor que pri- Second supralabial generally smallest of supra- mero y tercero; menos de 208 anillos del

labials; more than I96 body annuli munoa i cuerpo 31 Segundo supralab iales generalmente el menor de los supralab iales; más de I96 anillos del 31.Generally more than 24 segments in caudal cuerpo munoa i annulus just anterior to autotomy constriction

~~lus just anterior to autotomy constriction m ica darw in i i prun icolor Generalmente 23 o menos segmentos en anillo caudal inmediato anterior a constricción~~

~~autotómi ca prun i color~~

~~AMPHISBAENA ALBA Linnaeus~~

~~1758 Amph i sbaena alba Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed, 10: 229. Type-locality: America. 1791 Amphisbaena rosea Shaw and Nodder, Naturalist's Miscellany, '}: pi. 86 plus text. Type-locality:~~

~~Amer i ca.~~

~~i 1822 Amph sbaena pachyura Wolf, Abbildungen und Beschre ibungen merkwürd ger naturw i ssenschaf tl icher Gegenstande, 2: 61. Type-locality: None designated.~~

~~1825 Amphisbaena flavescens Wied. Abbildungen zur Naturgesch ichte Brasilens: pi. '). Type-locality:~~

"Bahía Belmente, . . . grossen Waldungen am Flusse Mucur'" Brazil; restricted to mouth of Rio Mucuri by Gans, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2IO5, I962, ]. I885 Amphisbaena beniensis Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22 (l884): 184. Type-locality: Upper Rio

Ben i , Bol i v ia. 1885 Amphisbaena alba var. radiata Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22 (l884): I94, fig. J. Type- locality: Unknown. 1885 Amphisbaena alba var. dissecta Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22 (l884): I94, fig. 8. Type- locality: Venezuela. 1355 Amphisbaena alba — Vanzolini, Arq. Mus. Nac Brazil, 42: 683. 1962 Amphisbaena alba — Gans, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2IO5: 1, figs. I-7.

~~Distribution: Forested lowlands of South America, from Panama (?) through Venezuela and Guianas; Colombia, Peru and Bolivia east of Andes; Brazil and northern Paraguay; Trinidad.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA ANGUSTIFRONS Cope~~

~~I86I Amph i sbaena angust i f rons Cope, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I86I: 76. Type-locality: Buenos~~

~~A ¡res, Argent i na. 1928 Amphisbaena kniqhti Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lO) 2: 383. Type-locality: Bonifacio, Argentina, about 3604g'S and 62°18'W.~~

~~1965 Amphisbena angust i f rons — Gans. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2225: 1, figs. 5-10.~~

~~Distribution: Central and northern Argentina to Bolivia. 30 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~AMPHISBAENA BAH I ANA Vanzolini~~

New Card 8: 1. Type- 1564 Amph I sbaena bah iana Vanzolini, Pilot Register of Zoology, Ithaca, York, locality: Villa Nova (= Senhor do Bonfim), Bahía, Brazil. 1564 Amphisbaena bah iana —Gans, Senckenberg iana, 4$: 412, figs. 18-20. Distribution: Bahía, Brazil.

~~AMPHISBAENA CAWURA Cope~~

I862 Amph isbaena camura Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 35^- Type-locality: Paraguay. 1910 Amphisbaena boliviana Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 2/ (2): 35* Type-locality: Headwaters of R'o Amazon, Provincia Beni, Bolivia. 1523 Amphisbaena camura boli vica Mertens, Zool. Anz., 86: 60. Type-locality: Villa Montes, Río Pilcomayo, Bolivia. 1965 Amphisbaena camura — Gans. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 222$: 22, figs. 11-16.

~~Distribution: Central and northern Argentina, Paraguay, Amazonian Bolivia, Mato Grosso of Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA CARVALHOI Gans~~

~~136s Amphisbaena carvalhoi Gans. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 3I: 625, figs. 8-12. Type-locality: Pofáo, Serra de Acahy, Municipio de Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil, IO35 i".~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA DARWIN! I Duméril and Bibron~~

~~I833 Amph isbaena Darw i n i i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5' 43O. Type-locality: Montevideo, Uruguay. 1366 Amphisbaena darwini —Gans. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I34: 234.~~

~~Distribution: Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; southern Bolivia; Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Segments of annuli on tail not swollen, 1. Segmentos de anillos en la cola no hincha- raised, or forming tubercles 2 dos, elevados ni formando tubérculos 2 Segments of annuli on posterior end of tail Segmentos de anillos del extremo posterior modified into rounded tubercles; those on de la cola formando tubérculos redondeados distalmost annuli with secondary, caudally los de los anillos más distales con puntas directed, projecting points trachura salientes dirigidas hacia caudal-- trachura

2. Tail generally not swollen beyond autotomy 2. Cola generalmente no hinchada más alia del point; ventral surface of tail light, with punto de autotomía; superficie ventral de no or only slightly emphasized darker pig- la cola clara, sin pigmento más oscuro en

~~ment on autotomy segment darw i n i i el segmento de autotomía o sólo ligera-~~

Tail noticeably swollen beyond autotomy mente pigmentado darw i n i i point; ventral surface of tail pigmented, Cola notablemente hinchada más allá del with autotomy annulus marked with darker punto de autotomía; superficie ventral de pigment heterozonata la cola pigmentada, con anillo de autoto- nía marcado por pigmento oscuro- heterozonata

~~Amph isbaena darw in i i darwin i i Duméril and Bibron~~

~~1366 Amphisbaena darwini darw i n i —Gans. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 234, pi. 37, fig. 1; pi. 38, figs. 1-2; pi. 33, fig. 6; pi. 40, figs. 1-2; figs. 23-3O~~

~~Distribution: Southern and central Uruguay. n~~

~~31 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~Amph isbaena darwi i i heterozonata Burmeister~~

1861 A.[ mphisbaena ] heterozonata Burmeister, Reise durch die La Plata-Staa ten, 2: 527. Type- locality: Mendoza and Tucuman, Argentina; restricted to Mendoza, Argentina, by Müller, Zeits. fur Naturwiss., 54, 1541, I55; corrected to Tucuman, Argentina, by Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I34, I566, 23I. 1966 Amphisbaena darwini heterozonata — Gans. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 235, pi. 37, fig. 4> pi. 35, figs. 1-4; pi. 40, fig. 8; figs. 33-34.

~~Distribution: Argentina north of Buenos Aires to southern Bolivia and central Paraguay.~~

~~Amphisbaenadarwinii tra chura Cope~~

1878 Amphisbaena mildei Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I878: 773, fig. 3. Type-locality: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 188S Amphisbaena trachura Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22 (I884): I85. Type-locality: San Joao do Monte Negro, which is Montenegro, Rio Grando do Sul, Brazil. 1966 Amphisbaena darwini trachura —Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 237, pi. 37, fig. 3; pi. 38, figs. 3-6; pi. 35, fig. 5; pi. 40, figs. 3-7; figs. 3I-32.

~~Distribution: Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, into northern Uruguay and extreme northeastern Argentina.~~

~~Comment: A petition has been submitted to the international Committee on Zoological~~

~~Nomenclature to set aside milde i Peters in favor of trachura Cope.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA DUB I A Müller~~

~~1924 Amphisbaena dubia Müller, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 11: 86. Type-locality: Piracicaba, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1564 Amphisbaena dubia — Gans. Breviora, 2O5: 2, figs. I-7.~~

~~Distribution: Sao Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina, Brazil.~~

~~Comment: This taxon is not preoccupied by Amphisbaena dubia Rathke, I863, according to Gans, Bull. Zool. Nomen., 18, I56I, 220, and Opinion 664, Bull. Zool. Nomen., 20, I963, 197.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA FULIGINOSA Linnaeus~~

~~I7S8 Amphisbaena fuliginosa Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 225. Type-locality: America; believed to be Guianas by Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, I95I, 58.~~

~~Distribution; Amazonian Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil; northern South America; Pacific Ecuador and Colombia; Panama.~~

~~Content: Five subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies! Clave de .subespec ies^~~

1. Abdomen always less densely pigmented than 1. Abdomen siempre menos densamente pigmentado dorsum, may be immaculate 2 que el dorso, puede ser inmaculado 2 Abdomen and dorsum about equally densely Abdomen y dorso con pigmentación aproxima- pigmented 4 damente igual 4

~~2. Dorsal spots rather crowded, with distinct 2. Manchas dorsales bastante amontonadas, con margins, tending toward checkered pattern- margenes netos, con tendencia a un diseño~~

~~3 cuadriculado -. 3 Dorsal spots widely scattered, may be ab- Manchas dorsales ampliamente dispersas, sent or show tendency to form narrow pueden faltar o mostrar tendencia a formar~~

~~crossbands bassler i bandas transversales angostas bassler i~~

~~^Key adapted from Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, I55I. 32 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~3» Head immaculate or spotted; abdomen showing 3» Cabeza inmaculada o mancliada; abdomen pre- much less black tinan dorsum but still witli senta mucho menos negro que el dorso pero~~

~~many spots ful i q i nosa aun con muchas manchas ful iq inosa Head almost always immaculate; abdomen Cabeza casi siempre inmaculada; abdomen scarcely spotted amazon ica escasamente manchado amazon ica~~

~~4. Head as heavily pigmented as body var ia 4. Cabeza tan densamente pigmentada como el Head immaculate or with very little spot- cuerpo var ia~~

~~ting wied i Cabeza inmaculada o escasamente manchada~~

~~wied i~~

~~Amph i sbaena ful i g i nosa ful i q i nosa Linnaeus~~

~~iy68 Amph isbaena vulqar i s Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 66. Type-locality: None given.~~

~~1768 Amph i sbaena maqn i f i ca Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 66. Type-locality: America. 1768 Amph isbaena flava Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 67. Type-locality: America.~~

1844 Amph i sbaena Americana Gray, Cat. Tort., Croc, and Amphis. Brit. Mus.: 7"' Type- locality: South America, Demerara, and Berbice; restricted to Berbice, Guyana, through lectotype designation by Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 135, 1967> 70'

~~1551 Amph i sbaena ful iq inosa ful iq i nosa — Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 60.~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad to French Guiana, eastern Venezuela.~~

~~Amph i sbaena ful i q i nosa amazon i ca Vanzolini~~

~~I863 Amphisbaena dubia Rathl~~

~~1551 Amph i sbaena ful i q i nosa amazon ica Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 62. Type- locality: Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Amazon Valley from Manaus, Brazil, to Leticia, Colombia and southern Venezuela.~~

~~Comment; The name Amph i sbaena dub ia Rathke, I863, was suppressed in Opinion 664, Bull. Zool. Nomen., 20, I963, I97.~~

~~Amph isbaena ful i q i nosa bassler i Vanzolini~~

~~1951 Amph isbaena ful iq inosa bassler i Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool., 106: 61. Type- locality: Roaboya, Loreto, Peru.~~

~~A.j^ i 1963 mph sbaenaj f .|_ ul i q inosaj bassler i — Rhodes, Herpetolog ica, I9: 175-~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian basin of Peru, Ecuador and northern Bolivia; Chaco of Argentina.~~

~~Amph isbaena ful iq i nosa var ia Laurenti~~

176s Amph i sbaena var ia Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 66. Type-locality: America; restricted through neotype designation to Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama, by Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, 1951, 61. 1951 Amphisbaena fuliqinosa varia — Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 61.

~~Distribution: Panama to near V i llavicenc io, Colombia, and to near Trinidad, Venezuela; Pacific slope of Ecuador and Colombia.~~

~~Amph i sbaena ful i q i nosa w iedi Vanzolini~~

~~1951 Amphisbaena fuliginosa wiedi Vanzolini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 62. Type-locality: Santa Maria, Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known from type locality and lower Rio Amazonas, Brazil. 33 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~AMPHISBAENA GRACILIS Strauch~~

~~1881 Amphlsbaena gracilis Strauch, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 28; col. 7O. Type-locality: Unknown, but apparently America.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type material.~~

~~Comment: The status of this form is in considerable doubt, according to Cans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 135, 1567, 71.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA HEATH! Schmidt~~

1936 Amphisbaena heathi Schmidt. Herpetolog ica, 1: 2?, pi. 3, fig. 1. Type-locality: Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 1%'i Amphisbaena heathi — Cans. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 3I: 615, figs. 2-6.

~~Distribution: Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA HOGEI Vanzolini~~

iq')0 Amphisbaena darwini hoqei Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool., Sao Paulo, 9: 7O. Type-locality: llha dos Alcatrazes, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1966 Amphisbaena hoqei — Gans. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 25O, pi. 43, figs. 4-6; pi. 44, figs. 4-6; figs. 42-43.

~~Distribution: Eastern Sao Paulo to Santa Catarina, llha dos Alcatrazes, llha Queimada Grande, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA LEESERI Gans~~

~~1564 Amphisbaena leeseri Gans, Copeia, 1964: 554, figs. 3-9. Type-locality: Urucum, Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Southwestern Mato Grosso, Brazil to Rio Apa, northern Paraguay.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA LEUCOCEPHALA Peters~~

~~1878 Amphisbaena leucocephala Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I878: 778, fig. 1. Type-locality: Bahía, Brazil. 196s Amphisbaena leucocephala — Gans, Amer. Midi. Nat., 74: 402, figs. 12-14.~~

~~Distribution: Bahía, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA MERTENS I I Strauch~~

1881 Amphisbaena mertens i i Strauch, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 28: col. 66. Type-locality: "Wahrscheinlich an irgend einem Kustenpunkte Sud Amerikas"; restricted to State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, by Gans, Copeia, I966, 535. 189* Amphisbaena Bohlsii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) I3: 344. Type-locality: Near Asuncion, Paraguay.

1898 Amphisbaena mattoqrossens i s Peracca. Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, I3 (326): 1, Type-locality: Colonia Teresa Cristina, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1911 Amphisbaena carruccii Masi, Boll. Soc. Zool. Italiana, (2) 12: 23O. Type-locality: Cerro S. Ana, Territorio de Misiones, Argentina. 1911 Amphisbaena boulenqeri Mas!, Boll. Soc. Zool. Italiana, (2) 12: 232. Type-locality: Cerro S. Ana, Territorio de Misiones, Argentina. Amphisbaena 1933 albissima Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932): 55, figs. 4-6. Type-locality: Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil,

~~1966 Amphisbaena mertens i -Gans, Copeia, I966: 534, figs. 1-10.~~

~~Distribution: Southeastern Brazil to Misiones, northern Argentina and eastern Paraguay. i~~

~~34 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~AMPHISBAENA MITCHELLI Procter~~

192^ Amphisbaena mitchelli Procter, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I523: IO65, figs. 2a-d. Type-locality: Amazon, Brazil. I Iha do Mara jó, mouth of 2-/. i Novitates, figs. 1%3 Amphisbaena m i tchell — Cans. Amer. Mus. 212?: 3,

~~Distribution: I Iha do Marajó and Belem, Para, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA MUNOAI Klappenbach~~

1560 Amphisbaena muñoa Klappenbach, Común. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 4 (84): 3, pi. 1, figs. 1-3, and pi. 3, figs. 4-7» Type-locality: Cerro de Animas, Departamento de Maldonado, Uruguay. 1566 Amphisbaena munoai — Cans. Bull. Araer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 243, pl- *1> figs. 1-7; pi. 42, fig. 1; figs. 35-37-

~~Distribution: Elevated areas of southern and eastern Uruguay, north into Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA NEGLECTA Dunn and Piatt~~

~~1936 Amphisbaena nealecta Dunn and Piatt, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88: 527. Type-locality: Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1562 Amphisbaena neqlecta —Cans. Copela, 1562: I65, fig. 8.~~

~~Distribution: East central Mato Grosso into central Goias, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA NIGRICAUDA Gans~~

~~1566 Amphisbaena niqricauda Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 252, pi. 45, figs. 1-7; figs. 44- 45. Type-locality: Refugio Sooretama, Linhares, Espirito Santo, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA OCCIDENTAL IS Cope~~

~~I876 Amphisbaena occidentalis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I76. Type-locality: Valley of Jequetepeque, north coast of Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific slope of Peru.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. No autotomy constriction; 18-21 caudal 1. Sin constricción autotómica; 18-21 anillos annuli; three postgenials in first row; caudales; tres postgeniales en la primera little if any elongation of dorsal seg- hilera; poco o ningún alargamiento de los

~~ments of trunk annuli 7"12 occ i dental i s segmentos dorsales de los anillos del~~

Autotomy constriction present; 22-26 caudal tronco 1-\2 occ i dental i s annuli; 4-5 postgenials in first row; Con constricción autotómica; 22-26 anillos marked elongation of dorsal segments of caudales; 4-5 postgeniales en la primera trunk annuli 7-12 townsendi hilera; alargamiento marcado de los segmentos dorsales de los anillos del tronco 7- 12 townsendi

~~Amph isbaena occ idental is occ idental is Cope~~

~~1561 Amph i sbaena occ i dental is occ i dental i s —Gans, Postilla, Yale Univ., '¡¡i>: ] , figs. 4, 5, 8-5.~~

~~Distribution: Chimbóte to Chiclay, coastal plain of Peru. 35 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~Amph isbaena occ i dental i s townsendi Stejneger~~

~~1511 Amph isbaena townsendi Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 41: 283. Type-locality: Piura, Peru. 1561 Amphisbaena occidentalis townsendi — Gans, Postilla, Yale Univ., 56: 8, figs. 5> It 10-13.~~

~~Distribution: Piura to Lobitos, coastal plain of Peru.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA PERICENSIS Noble~~

~~i 2'): 1921 Amphisbaena pericensis Noble, Ann. New York Acad. Sc . , 141. Type-locality: Perico, Peru. 1963 Amphisbaena pericensis —Gans, Breviora, I85: 3» figs* 1-8.~~

~~Distribution: Arid inland valleys of Rio Chinchipe and R'o Marañen, from Perico to Bellavista, Peru.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA PLÚMBEA Gray~~

~~I872 Amph isbaena plúmbea Gray, Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus.. 2: 36- Type-locality: Mendoza, Argentina 1928 Amphisbaena plúmbea — Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lo) 2: 383.~~

~~Distribution: West central Argentina.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA POLYGRAMMICA Werner~~

~~1500 Amphisbaena polyorammica Werner. Abh. Ber. Zool. Anthrop. Mus. Dresden, 9 (^J! 5- Type-locality: Chanchamayo, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA PRETREI Duméril and Bibron~~

~~1839 Amphisbaena Pretrei Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5' ''SG. Type-locality: Brazil.~~

~~I865 Amph isbaena petrae i Gray ( in error), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I865: 447- I878 Amphisbaena subocularis Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I878: 779> ^'9* 2. Type-locality: Pernambuco, Brazil.~~

I885 Amph i sbaena pretr i i Boulenger (emendation of pretre i Duméril and Bibron), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 440. 1933 Amphisbaena brachyura Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932): 55, figs. I-3. Type-locality: Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. 1938 Amphisbaena petrei Amaral (in error), Mem. Inst. Butantan, 11 (1937): I97.

~~1965 Amphisbaena pretre i —Gans. Amer. Midi. Nat., 74: 39I, figs. 4-11.~~

~~Distribution: Rio Grande do Norte to Minas Gerais, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA PRUNICOLOR (Cope)~~

1885 Aporarchus prunicolor Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22 (l884): I89. Type-locality: Sao Joao do Monte Negro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 1966 Amphisbaena prunicoloi Gans. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 246.

~~Distribution: Northern Argentina, southeastern Brazil, Paraguay.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies. .~~

~~36 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

relativamente corta; 24-35 segmentos 1. Relatively short head; 24-35 segments per 1. Cabeza midbody annulus; with Intercalated dorsal por anillo del medio cuerpo; con medio half annulus on neck; pigmentation drop- anillo dorsal intercalado en el cuello; ping out at ventral surface generally in pigmentación generalmente en diseño cuad- checkered pattern prunicolor riculado desaparece a ventral prunicolor Relatively elongate head; 27-3O segments Cabeza relativamente alargada; 27-3O seg- per midbody annulus; without intercalated mentos por anillo del medio cuerpo; sin half annulus in nuchal region; light medio anillo intercalado en región nucal; brown with ventral fading alboci nqulata pardo claro que no palidece a ventral

~~alboc i nqulata~~

~~(Cope) Amph i sbaena prun i color prun icolor~~

~~1966 Amphisbaena prunicolor prunicoloi Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 246, pi. 42, figs. 1-3; figs. 38-39.~~

~~Distribution: Misiones, Argentina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; possibly north into Espirito Santo, Brazil.~~

~~Amph i sbaena prun icolor alboc i nqulata Boettger~~

Naturwiss., 219. Type-locality: 188S Amphisbaena alboc i nqulata Boettger, Zeits. fur 58: Paraguay. Nat. Hist., pi. 1966 Amphisbaena prunicolor alboc i nqulata — Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. 134: 248, 43, figs. 1-3; pi. 44, figs. 1-3; figs. 40-41.

~~Distribution: Paraguay, perhaps north into Mato Grosso and Goias, Brazil.~~

~~AMPH ISBAENA RIDLEY I Boulenger~~

ISqO Amphisbaena Ridleyi Boulenger, Jour. Linnean Soc. London, 20: 481. Type-locality: Porto Bello, West Indies, and Fernando do Noronha, Brazil; restricted to Fernando do Noronha, Brazil by Gans, Copeia, I963, IO3. 1-6. 196^ Amphisbaena ri dley i — Gans. Copeia, I963: 102, figs.

~~Distribution: llha de Fernando do Noronha, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA ROBERTI Gans~~

~~Ypiranga, Sao 1964 Amphisbaena robert i Gans. Senckenberg iana, 45: 402, figs. II-I7. Type-locality: Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal SSo Paulo inland to southwestern Minas Gerais and southern Goias, Brazil.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA ROZEI Lancini~~

1963 Amphisbaena rozei Lancini, Publ. Ocas. Mus. Cien. Nat. Caracas, Zool., 6 (3): 1, figs. 1-4.^ Type- locality: Cabeceras del caño Majagua, Río Chajurá, tributary of R'o Erebato, Estado Bol'var, Venezuela.

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA SILVESTRI I Boulenger~~

~~1902 Amphisbaena Silvestrii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) J: 287. Type-locality: Cuyaba, Mato~~

~~Grosso, Braz i 1~~

1962 Amphisbaena s i Ivestr i i — Gans. Copeia, I962: I67, figs. 3, 5, ]. 1964 Amphisbaena silvestrii — Gans, Copeia, 1964: 55''' Distribution: Rio Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Brazil west to Bolivia. n i i ii l

~~37 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~AMPHISBAENA SLATERI Boulenger~~

~~1507 Amphisbaena Slateri Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) I?: 487. Type-locality: R'o San Gabar Valley, Provincia Carabaya, Peru, 2OOO-3OOO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type and from two Bolivian specimens that possibly represent a distinct southern race, according to Cans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 135» I967, 7*-~~

~~AMPHISBAENA SLEVINI Schmidt~~

~~1536 Amph i sbaena slev i n i Schmidt, Herpetolog ! ca, 1: 31> pl- 3> ^'9' 3» Type-locality: Manaus,~~

~~Amazonas, Braz i 1.~~

~~1563 Amphisbaena slevi i — Gans. Amer. Mus, Novitates, 2127: 14, figs. 10-14.~~

~~Distribution: Known from vicinity of type locality only.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA SPURRELLI Boulenger~~

1915 Amph i sbaena spurrell i Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1915' ^59» fig- !• Type-locality: Andagoya, at junction of R'os Condoto and San Juan, Colombia. 1962 Amphisbaena spurrelli — Gans, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., I7I: 2, figs. 1-8.

~~Distribution: Venezuela and northern Colombia to Panama.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA STE I NDACHNERI Strauch~~

~~1881 Amph isbaena ste indachner i Strauch, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sc i . St. Petersbourg, 28: col. 81. Type- locality: Calcara, Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Southwestern Brazil, and Chaco of Bolivia; possibly Argentina.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspec ies-'- Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Ventral segments to one body annulus I6; 1. Segmentos ventrales de cada anillo del 25O-266 body annul! ste indachner cuerpo I6; 250-266 anillos del cuerpo~~

~~Ventral segments to one body annulus more ste Indachner i~~

~~than 16; 239-245 body annuli borell I i Segmentos ventrales de cada anillo del cuerpo más de 16; 239-245 anillos del~~

~~cuerpo borell i i~~

~~Amph i sbaena ste indachner i ste i ndachner Strauch~~

~~— Folla Zool. Hydroblol., Riga, 1: l64. 1930 Amph isbaena ste Indachner [ stei ndachner ] Mertens, — 2-7- 1964 Amphisbaena ste i ndachner I ste indachner Gans, Senckenberg lana, 45: 391» figs.~~

~~Distribution; Southwestern Brazil.~~

~~Amph I sbaena ste I ndachner i borell i i Peracca~~

~~I897 Amphisbaena Borelli i Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 12 (274): 8, figs. Type-locality: Calza, Chaco of Bolivia.~~

~~1964 Amph Isbaena ste indachneri borell I I — Gans, Senckenberg lana, 45- 397> figs. 5"9'~~

~~Distribution: Known only from types and one specimen with no data in Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia".~~

~~Taken from Gans, Senckenberg lana, 45, 19^4, 391* 38 AMPHISBAENA~~

~~AMPHISBAENA STEJNEGERI Ruthven~~

1522 Amph isbaena ste jneaer i Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122; 1. Type-locality: Sand reef at Vreeden Rust, Demerara River, Guyana. 1563 Amphisbaena stejneqeri — Cans, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2128: 3> figs. 2-5.

~~Distribution: Coastal Guyana.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA VANZOLINI I Cans~~

~~1963 Amph isbaena vanzolinii Gans. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2138; I3, figs. 10-14. Type-locality; Marudi, on tributary of Kuyuwini River, at 2°5'N and 50°E> Guyana.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana on Kuyuwini and New Rivers.~~

~~AMPHISBAENA VERMICULARIS Wagler~~

~~1824 Amph isbaena verm icular is Wagler, in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.; 73» Type-locality: Bahía, Bahía, Brazil.~~

~~1935 Amph i sbaena verm icular i s central i s Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 5' 255» fig- ?• Type-locality; Canna Brava, Goias, Brazil.~~

~~1536 Amph i sbaena spix i Schmidt, Herpetolog ica, 1; 3^, pl. 3'^» fig- 2. Type-locality: Ceara Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.~~

~~1566 Amphisbaena verm icular is — Gans and Amdur, Proc. California Acad. Sc i . , (a) 33' 1^> figs. 1-5»~~

~~Distribution: Brazil, south of Amazon to Minas Gerais and inland across Goias and Mato Grosso, Brazil; Bolivia. i~~

~~39 repulía: SAURlA: TEIIDAE "^ ANADIA~~

~~oC-^^j,^ ANADIA Gray ,^^^~~

~~1845 Anadia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.; 58. Type-species; Anadia ocellata Gray.~~

~~1862 Xestosaurus Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 216. Type-species: Anadia ( Xestosaurus )~~

~~Boqotens i s Peters.~~

~~1876 Chalcidolepis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., (2) 8 (I875): II6. Type-species: Chale idolep is metall icus Cope.~~

~~Distribution: Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, Gorgona Id.~~

~~Content: Eleven species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~Dorsal 1. scales squared and juxtaposed 2 !• Escamas dorsales cuadradas y yuxtapuestas 2 Dorsal socales rounded and imbricate — boqotens is Escamas dorsales redondeadas imbricadas boqotens is~~

~~2. More than 40 scales around middle of body J 2. Mas de 40 escamas al medio del cuerpo- 3 Fewer than 36 scales around middle of body 5 Menos de 36 escamas al medio del cuerpo 5~~

~~3. Three supraoculars 4 J. Tres supraoculares 4 Four supraoculars steyer Cuatro supraoculares steyeri~~

~~4. More than 40 rows of scales between occipital 4. Más de 40 hileras de escamas entre occipital y~~

and base of tail- pulchella ra i z de la cola pulchella Fewer than35 rows of scales between occipital Menos de 35 hileras de escamas entre occipital and base of tail rhomb if era y raiz de la cola rhombif era

~~5. Fewer than 3O scales around middle of body 6 5- Menos de 3^^ escamas al medio del cuerpo 6 More than JO scales around middle of body 7 *^3s de 3^^ escamas al medio del cuerpo J~~

~~6. Six supralabials blakei 6. Seis supralabiales- blakei Seven supralabials metall ica Siete supralabiales metall ica~~

7. More than 50 rows of scales between occipital 7- ^^^ de 5^ hileras de escamas entre occipital y and base of tail 8 raiz caudal- 8 Fewer than 40 rows of scales between occipital Menos de 40 hileras de escamas entre occipital Eind base of tail 10 y raiz caudal 10

8. Without lateral ocelli on body 9 8. Sin series de ocelos a los lados cuerpo- With lateral ocelli on body ocellata Series de ocelos a los lados del cuerpo- -ocellata 9. Three pairs of postmentals in contact on mid- en l\^g vittata 5» Tres pares de posmentales en contacto la vittata Two pairs of postmentals in contact on mid- 1 Tnea media l\^g anqust iceps ^°^ pares de posmentales en contacto en la la línea media anqust iceps 10. Number of scales between collar and post- lO.Diesiseis escamas entre collar posmen- mentals 16 duque i y duquei Number of scales between collar and post- tales pos- mentals 12-14 bitaeniata Doce a catorce escamas entre collar y mentales-- bi taen iata

~~¡^ -- ANADIA ANGUSTICEPS Parker r A. v . a ,;.%,.,,_~~

~~1926 Anadia anqusticeps Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 1/: 550, 3 figs. Type-locality: Gorgona Island, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

*^ ANADIA BITAENIATA Boulenger

190^ Anadia bitaeniata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 12: 43I. Escorial and Culata, Estado de Merida, Venezuela, 33OO m. Pamplona, Colombia, 234O m. i,v.j of' 1944 Anadia pamplonensis Dunn. Caldasia, 3 (ll): 64. Type-locality:

~~ia. ^ (^C. f a ^^ at, < i, . f-.oí o^'^'^ Distribution: Andean Venezuela and Colomb m-fj , ,, ,^, ,, o — '~~

~~40 ANADIA~~

~~^i. ANADIA BLAKEI Schmidt~~

~~19^2 Anadia blakei Schmidt. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: l6l. Type-locality; Turumiquire mountains, Estado Sucre, Venezuela, l600m.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type-locality.~~

~~„'' ANADIA BOGOTENSIS (Peters)~~

1862 Ecpleopus ( Xestosaurus ) Boqotensis Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 217, pl« 3> 'fig- 3> 3^-'f Type-locality: Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. 188*) Anadia boqotensis-—Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 40.

~~Distribution: Bogoti area, Colombia; recorded in Venezuela by Donoso, Car I b. Jour. So ¡ . , 8, I568 S."-""^" i^9A~~

~~ANADIA DUQUEI Lancini = ^ ^'^^w!L^o«.»TA f-^or of-vfv«i-~~

~~1963 Anadia duquei Lancini, Publ. Oc. Mus. Cien. Nat. Caracas, Zool., 4: 1. Type-locality: Quebrada el Cedro, Catuche, Cerro El Avila, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANADIA METALL ICA (Cope) "^ f\0Ci^\j\r^i\ f.^c of-ro=At~~

~~1876 Chalcidolepis metallicus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8(1875): 116, pi. Type- locality: Aguacate mountains, Costa Rica. 1902 Anadia metallica Gunther. Biol. Centr. Amer., Rept.: 30.~~

~~Distribution: Mountains of Costa Rica.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Less than 60 scale rows between occipital 1. Menos de 60 hileras de escamas entre occi- and posterior border of hind leg 2 pital y borde posterior del muslo 2 More than 60 scale rows in the same dis- Mas de 60 hileras de escamas en la misma

~~tance ~ arbórea d istanc i a arbórea~~

2. Less than 24 scales around middle of body — 2. Menos de 24 escamas al medio del cuerpo metall ica metallica More than 27 scales around middle of body — Más de 27 escamas al medio del cuerpo- attenuata attenuata

~~Anadia metall ica metall ica (Cope)~~

~~19SS Anadia metallica metallica —Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37' 535-~~

~~Distribution: Aguacate mountains, Costa Rica.~~

~~Anadia metall ica arbórea Taylor~~

~~19'i'i Anadia metallica arbórea Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37: 542, fig. I3. Type- locality: Las Flores, Tenorino, Las CaPlas, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~Anadia metall ica attenuata Taylor~~

1955 Anadia metallica attenuata Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37' 537» fig- 12. Type- locality: Pacuare, RTo Pacuare, on road between Turrialba and Moravia de Chirripo, Cartago Province, Costa Rica.

~~Distribution: Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.~~

~~tk AiOAOj? Q P- Ev\ Pi; fiTA- o S (_i>^^ Q^^22^ÍÍ£ÍÍLÍLÍ^ 4j_ ANADIA~~

~~^'' ANADIA OCELLATA Gray~~

~~184'5 Anadia ocellata Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 'j8. Type-locality: Tropical America.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from Jerico, Colombia, and Loja, Ecuador.~~

~~¡yi^ANADjA. PULCHELLA Ruthven~~

~~1526 Anad ia pulchella Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 177" !• Type-locality: La Cumbre, Hacienda Vista Nieve, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, 2100m.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. •* '-'c-«,re- or sA'Jt/\^OÍ-v\~~

~~oí,ANADiA RHOMBIFERA (Günther)~~

~~1859 Cercosaurus rhombif er Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855' ^^'jt pl- 20, fig. A. Type- locality: Western Ecuador. 1885 Anadia rhombifera —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. I.lus., 2: 355.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific slope of Ecuador. T Ctjv»/-,<3,A ( P(f\-STo ai-xvoQ^xí aííütacjV)~~

~~trA ANADIA STEYERI Nieden~~

~~191A Anadia steyeri Nieden, Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7^ 365" Type-locality: Puerto Cabello, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal range of central Venezuela.~~

~~c-H ANADIA VITTATA Boulenger~~

~~1913 Anadia vittata Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I913; IO33, pi. 57, fig. 2, 2a-d. Type- locality: Pefla Lisa, Condoto, Choca, Colombia, 30*^ f^^-~~

~~Vaa-Aa-a- P^-^v, Pam^íJ'.A cvícco^ \/>v.vc Distribution: Known' only from type locality. ¡ ^ (lA^^c^ r>ev-a.5 cf «Lü-^^v~~

~~^J- AaIapiA "f t^^e>^.s^ st'. optstoa^. \']1-^~~

~~UOIA ptcv ^ CC^-^VCA,~~

~~369-215 0—70- [~~

~~42 ANISOLEPIS REPULÍA: SAURIA : IGUANIDAE ^k ^~~

~~ANISOLEPIS Boulenger~~

~~1R8S Anisolepis Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 16: 8$. Type-species: Anisolepis Iheringii Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution; Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; east central Argentina; Uruguay.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Hind limb reaching ear when brought forward; 1. Extremidad posterior llega al o i do cuando ex- 20-22 longitudinal series of ventrals; no tendida hacia adelante; 20-22 series longitu- enlarged scales on flanks ori Hi dinales de ventrales; sin escamas ensanchadas Hind limb does not reach ear when brought en los flancos gri Hi forward; I6-I7 longitudinal series of Extremidad posterior no llega al oido cuando ventrals; flanks with enlarged scales extendida hacia adelante; I6-I7 series longi- undulatus tudinales de ventrales; flancos con escamas ensanchadas undulatus

~~ANISOLEPIS GRILLI Boulenger~~

1891 Anisolepis grilli Boulenqer, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2) 10: 5O5. Type-locality: Palmeira, Paraná, Brazil. I856 Anisolepis lionotus Werner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 46: 47O. Type-locality: Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, Brazil.~~

~~Comment: An i soleo i s qr i 11 i and An i soleo i s 1 ionotus are here considered synonyms on the authority of Paulo Vanzolini, who has examined a large series of specimens.~~

~~ANISOLEPIS UNDULATUS (Wiegmann)~~

~~I834 L.| aemanctus j undulatus Wiegmann. Herpetologia Mexicana; 46. Type-locality; Brazil.~~

~~I834 L. aemanctus j obtus irostr is Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 46. Type-locality: Brazil.~~

~~I834 L. aemanctus F I tz i nqer i Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 46. Type-locality: Brazil. [^ j~~

I885 An i soleo is I her i nq i i Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 16: 86. Type-locality: Sao Lourenjo, Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. I85I Anisolepis undulatus — Boulenqer, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2) 10: 9O9.

~~I895 An isolep is Bruch i Koslowsky, flev. Mus. La Plata, 6: 41/, pi. 1. Type-locality: Punta Lara, cerca de La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Brazil, eastern central Argentina, Uruguay. 43_ REPTIL lA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS Daudin~~

~~Anol is Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: ^0, Type-species: Anol is bullar is Latreille.~~

~~Anol i US Cuvier (emendation of Anol is Daudin), Le Regne Animal, 2: 41.~~

~~i X i phosurus Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptilien: I7. Type-spec ¡es: Anol i s cuvi er Merrem.~~

~~Dactyloa Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 148. Type-spec i es: Anol i s punctatus Daudin.~~

~~Draconura Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: I45. Type-spec Íes: Draconura n i tens Wagler.~~

~~Norops Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 145- Type-spec Íes: Anol i s auratus Daudin.~~

~~Phalanqoptyon Wagler, Isis von Oken, 26: 856. Type-spec i es: Anol i s b imaculatus Daudin.~~

Acanthol i s Cocteau, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, J: 226. Type-species: None given; later designated as Acanthol is Loys iana Cocteau. Ctenonotus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 64. Type-species: Lacerta b imaculata Sparmann.

~~Sem iurus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 64. Type-species: Anol i s cuvi er i Merrem.~~

~~Eupr i stes Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 64. Type-species: Anol i s equestr i s Merrem.~~

~~Microctenus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 64. Type-species: Anol is Edwards i i Merrem.~~

~~Ptychonotus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 65. Type-species: Anol i s all i gator Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~I st iocercus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 65. Type-species: Anolis cristatellus Duméril and Bi bron.~~

~~Eunotus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 65. Type-species: Anol is qrac i 1 is Wied.~~

~~De iroptyx Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 66. Type-species: Anol i s verm iculatus Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~Trachycoel ia Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 66. Type-species: Anol i s 1 i neat us Daudin.~~

~~Ctenode ira Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 66. Type-species: Anol is Richard i i Duméril and Bi bron.~~

~~Trop idop i lus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 66. Type-species: Anol is fuscoauratus D'Orbigny.~~

~~X iphocercus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 67. Type-species: Anol i s Valenc ienn i i Duméril and B ibron.~~

~~Eudactylus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium; 67. Type-species: Anol is Goudot i i Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~Heterolep i s Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 67. Type-species: Anol is pulchellus Duméril and~~

~~B i bron.~~

~~Trachyp i lus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 67. Type-species: Anol i s sagre i Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~Pr i st icercus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 67. Type-species:: Dactyloa b i porcatus Wiegmann.~~

Ctenocercus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 68. Type-species: I guana bullar is Latreille. Gastrotrop is Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 68. Type-species: Dactyloa nebulosa Wiegmann. Heteroderma Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 68. Type-species: Acanthol is Loys iana Cocteau.

~~i Dracontops i s Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 65. Type-species: Draconura N i tzsch i Wiegmann.~~

~~i Rh i nosaurus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 195- Type-species: Anol is nas cus Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~Placopsis Gosse, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 6: 346. I ype-spec I es: Placops i s ocellata Gosse.~~

~~Coccoessus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 186 178. Type-species: Anol i s ( Coccoessus )~~

~~pentapr i on Cope. Scytomycterus Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2) 8 (I875): 165. Type-species:~~

~~Scy tomycterus laev i s Cope. D iaphoranol is Barbour, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ Mich., 125: 7» Type-species: Diaphoranol is~~

~~brooks i Barbour. Audantia Cochran, Dec. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: I7I. Type-species: Audant ia armour i Cochran.~~

~~Mar i guana Dunn, Notulae Naturae, 4: 1. Type-species: Anol is aqass iz i Stejneger.~~

~~Distribution: From southern United States to Bolivia and Paraguay including Caribbean Islands.~~

~~Content: Approximately 200 species, of which II6 are found within limits of this work.~~

Comment: Anolis qodeti Roux, 1507» was thought to be South American by Burt and Burt, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 28, I925, I6, but they also thought the type locality was unknown, although Roux gives it as "Antillen (kein naherer Fundort)". 44 ANOLIS

= U nknown 3=F alse AcrgAL COUNTS 1=T rue 4=1 napplic 2=V ariabl e C3 o _J o CO z ÍE LlI CO '- -' CO O Q- tr s s ¿ o Q <: CO CJ I UJ Q- o Q. o cc CD oc o o CO o o £ .5 ce cr o cc CE 3: LU o - o cc £ i¿ O o co ü- — UJ z o z o o V «: => O CO o CO o CO o E CC V * * CO _i o o CO o o. O o o X V V CO o CO o U. CE CO Q- CE X ü_ :k s E CE o o o =J o ZD o O o o = Z3 o a. o Q > Q -' 3: CO o J: J J Q_ 3: O (£ CO QZ CO Z 1-

ACHILLE-b 1 1 O O 1 1 2 6 6-7 AENEU5 1 1 O 1 O O O 4-5 6-7 AEQUATOKIALIS O O 4 X X X X AGA5SIZÍ I 1 3 1 1 4 X ALLISONl o 1 3 1 X 4 8 ALTAE 3 1 3 2 2 6 X ANDIANUb 4 5 X 6 7 ANTÜNII 1 1-3 2-3 5-8 6-9 APOLLINARIS 3 2-3 X 5 7 AQUATICUS 3 3-4 6 9-11 8 AURATUS 1 0-1 1-2 6-7 5 BINOTATÜS 2 1 2-3 X X BIPORCAIUS 3 1-3 1 1-2 2-6 5-8 6-11 BISCUTIGER 1 1 4 3 1 1 3 7 6 BITECTU5 i 3 3 3 2-3 3-4 7 8 BOCOURTÍI 3 3 2-3 X X X BOETTGEKI 2 2 O O 5-6 6-8 BOMBICEPS O 3 2 X 6 X B0NAIREN5I5 O O 0-1 0-1 3 X BOUVIERII 3 O O 1 6 X CAPITO 1 1 2 3 2-4 2-3 6-8 9-10 CHLORIS 4 2 2 X 5 6 CHOCORUM 1 1 3 O 1-3 2-4 6-9 8-10 CHRYSOLtPiS 1 3 4 2-4 1-4 2-4 5-10 7-11 COBANENolS 3 O 3 X 7 7 concolok 4 3 0-1 O 5-6 X crassulus 3 2 0-2 2-3 4-5 6-7 cupreus 1 3 1-2 2-3 6-7 6-7 CURTUS 3 3-4 1 5-7 5-6 7-8 7-9

~~TS ign ficance of values: 'Significado de valores;~~

Hind limb reaches between: Extremidad posterior llega entre: 1. Shoulder and ear opening 1. Hombro y o ido 2. Ear opening and eye 2. Oído y ojo 3. Eye and nasal aperture 3. Ojo y abertura nasal 4. Nasal aperture, tip of snout, and beyond 4. Abertura nasal, hocico y más allá

Dorsal scales: Escamas dorsales: 0. Condition unknown 0. Desconocido 1. All granular or homogeneous 1. Todas granulares u homogéneas 2. With two to six enlarged middorsal rows 2. Con dos a seis hileras no granulares 3. With more than six enlarged middorsal rows 3. Con más de seis hileras no granulares 45 ANOLIS

~~0=U nknown 3"Fa Ise ACTUAL COUNTS 1=1 rue 4=lnapplic. h" n S; o cc — UJ _J CO o 1 o z o o LÜ £ CJ CE o UI ÜJ CJ CE Ü tc — u. oc U. CE Ü SUPRAOCULARS -J o U. o o o o — 0= a: z cr a_~~

DAMULUS 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 X 5 X DIS5IMIÍ-IS 3 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 5 11 DOLLFUSIA.NUS 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 6 X EEWl 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1-2 X 6 10-11 EULAEMU5 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 5-6 8-9 7 FASCIATUS 3 3 1 3 3 11 1 3 3 3 4 2 1 1-2 X 5 7 FESTAE 3 3 1 3 3 13 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 3 6 8-9 FRA5ERI 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 X X 6-7 8-9 FRENATUb 3 3 1 13 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 2-4 6 X FUSCOAUKATUS 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 1 1-3 2-3 5-6 6-8 GAR6EI 3 3 3 3^31 3 1 3 4 1 2 2 5 8 GEMMOSU¿ 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 1-5 X 5-6 6-8 GIBblCEPS 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 X 8 X GODMANI 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 4 1 2-4 3-5 6-8 6 GORGONAE 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 1 X X 5 6 GRACILIPE5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 3-4 1 0-1 1-2 7-8 9-12 GRANULICEPS 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3-4 1 3-5 4-5 7-8 8-9 HE^EKOPHOLIDOTUS 3 2 1 3 12 3 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 4 X HoFFMANímI 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 X 1 1-2 3-4 6 X

HUMILIS 3 3 3 3 :< 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 3 2-3 3-4 7-8 7-9 IMPETIGUSUS 3 3 1 3 113 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 7 INCOMPERTUS 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 4 X 3 3-4 5 X 9-10 INSIGN15 3 3 1 3 3 13 1 3 3 4 1 1 X 5 7 INTERMEDIüS 3 3 3 3 12 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1-2 3-4 6-7 JACARÉ 3 3 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 4 1-2 1 1-2 1-2 4-5 7-8 kemptoni 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1-2 2 X X LAEVI5 1 1 3 113 3 3 1 2 X LAEVIVENTRIS 3 3 3 3 3 13 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 LATIFRQNS 3 3 1 3 3 13 4 1 X X LEMNISCATUS 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 1-2 2-3 6 8-10 LEMUR INUS 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2-3 2 0-1 2-4 6-7 6 LEPT05CcLlS 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 I 4 2 2-3 2-3 6-7 7-8 LIMlFRüNS 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 3-4 1 1-3 2-5 5-7 X X LINDEN I 3 1 1 3 11 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 5 LINEATU5 3 1 3 3 13 1 3 1 3 3 1 2 3-4 7 LIONOTUb 3 3 1 3 3 12 3 1 3 4 3 1-3 3 8-9 X LONGICAUDA 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 X X 6 X LOVERIDGEI 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 4 7 12 12 MACROLtPIS 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 I 2 3 1 6 7 MACULIvENTRIS 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 4 2 1 3-4 X 8 8 X MARI ARUM 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 4-5 X 4-7 MERIÜI0NALI5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1-2 2 0-1 1-2 4-5 •2 7-8 MICROTUÍJ 3 2 2 1 3 113 2 3 1 2 3 1-2 1 3 3-5 46 ANOLIS

~~o=u nknown 3=Fa Ise ACTUAL COUNTS~~

1=T rue 4=1 napplic . 2=Var ¡abl e o ce o 1 o CO ce ce ce — o O CO <£ o lU CO 3: Q- o CL o CC m cc CO UJ o o <: UJ o CO E CO UJ q: I tr _i o cc CC CD o o o: t- 1- UJ <£ it: o o CO CO ü- z 1- o V O UJ o _J O O- ac o ce CO ce CO z 1— ~0~ MIRUS 3 3 ] 3 3 3 T 1 1 T 1 2 4 4 7 10 NANNODEo 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 0-1 X 5 7

~~NAíJOpROílTALIS 3 3 ] 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 2 2-3 6~~

~~NICEFORI 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 4 X 3 3-4 5 X 9-10~~

~~NIGROLIi^EATUS 3 £. 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 1-2 3-4 6 8-11~~

~~NIT£N5 3 3 ] 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 I 4 2 0-1 2 X X~~

~~NOTOPHOLIS 3 3 :i 3 3 3 3 3 1 4 3 0-2 2-3 6-7 7-9~~

~~ORTONI 3 I J 1 3 3 1 3 3 ü 3 3 2 1 0-1 1-2 4-5 6-8~~

~~PACHYPU5 3 3 ] 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 4 2 5 4 8 X PALMER I 3 3 J 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 1 3-4 5-6 5 5~~

~~PENTAPRION 3 1 ] 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 3-4 8~~

~~PERACCA£ 3 3 ]. 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 1-2 3-4 5-6 6-7~~

~~PETER5U 3 3 ]. 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 1-2 X 6-7 9-11~~

~~PHYLLORHINUS 1 3 ]. 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1-2 1-2 4-5 6-7~~

~~P0EC1LCPU5 3 3 3J 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 4 4 3 X X 9-10 X~~

~~PÜLYLEPÍ5 3 1 ]L 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 4 2 3-4 3-5 6-9 7~~

~~PRINCEPS 3 3 ]L 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 4-5 X 9-11 10-12~~

~~PROtíOSCiS 1 1 ]L 1 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 1-2 2 4-5 9-11~~

~~PSEUDOTIGRINUS 3 c) 1 3 1 i 3 1 3 3 1 1 X 8~~

~~PUNCTATU5 2 3 ]L 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 X 1 0-2 1-4 4-7 6-10 1 PURPUREbCENS 3 3 ]L 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 i. 2-4 4-5 7-8 X radulinus 3 ¿ c) 3 3 3 3 3 1 4 3 2 3-4 X 6-7 X~~

~~RHOMBlFER 3 3 ]L 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1-2 3-4 7 6~~

~~ROQUET 3 3 JL 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 4-5 5-6~~

~~SAGREI 3 1 ]L 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 1 0-i 2-3 4-5 5-6~~

~~SALVIM 3 2 ]L 3 3 i 3 3 1 1 1 X 4 7~~

~~SCAPULARIS 3 2 ]L 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 6 7~~

~~SCYPHEUb 3 3 ]L 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 3 3-4 8-10 8-10~~

~~5ERICEU3 3 3 : L 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 1-2 3 0-3 1-5 4-6 6-8~~

~~SMiNTHub 3 3 i L 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 0-1 3-4 5 X 1 SOLITARIUS 3 3 ^ L 1 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 0-2 X 4 7-8~~

~~SQUAM0LATU5 3 3 ^ L 2 3 3 3 1 1 3 4 3 1 4-6 6 9 X~~

~~STEINBACHI 3 3 ]L 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 1-2 2 6 7 1 TIGRINUb 3 3 ]L 1 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 X townsenui 3 3 JL 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 2 2-3 2-3 5-6 8~~

~~Trachyüerma 3 3 ]L 3 3 G 3 1 3 3 2 2 X 2 6 X~~

~~tran5veksalis 3 1 ]L 1 3 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 1 0-1 0-3 4-5 6-9~~

~~trinitatis 3 1 ]L 1 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 4-6 6-8~~

~~tropiqogaster 3 3 JL 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 3 1 1-3 2-4 6-8 6-7~~

~~tr0pidclepi5 3 3 L 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 4 1 3-5 3-5 7-9 7-8~~

~~tropidgnotus 3 3 ;} 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 4 3 2 2-3 6-7 6-7~~

~~VENTRIMACuLATUS 3 3 L 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 4 4 1 4 X 8 7~~

~~WILLIAMbll 3 3 L 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 X 3 1 2 X X~~

~~WOODI 3 1 L 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 2-3 4 7-8 9 47 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS ACHILLES Taylor~~

~~1556 Anolis achules Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38: I53, fig. 43. Type-locality: La Palma, Provincia San José, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS AENEUS Gray~~

~~1840 Anol is aeneus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 5' n't- Type-locality: Unknown.~~

~~I887 Anol i s gent i 1 i s Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., I5: 10. Type-locality: Petit Martinique.~~

~~Distribution: Petit Martinique, Grenadines, Trinidad and Guyana.~~

~~ANOLIS AEQUATORIALIS Werner~~

~~I854 Anol is aequator ial i s Werner, Zool. Anz., I7: 157- Type-locality: Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Middle altitudes of western slopes in Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS AGASSIZI Stejneger~~

~~1500 Anol is agass iz i Stejneger, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Jd: I6I, col. pi. Type-locality: Malpelo Island, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS ALLISONI Barbour~~

1928 Anolis allisoni Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 10: $8. Type-locality: Coxen Hole, Ruatan, Bay Islands, Honduras. 1%1 Anolis allisoni — Ruibal and Williams, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 12$: 183, figs. 2, 4-$, 10. 1%2 Anolis allisoni — Neill and Allen, Herpetolog ica, 18: 80, fig. 1.

~~Distribution: Cuba; Bay Islands, Honduras; British Honduras.~~

~~ANOLIS ALTAE Dunn~~

~~1530 Anolis altae Dunn, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12: 22. Type-locality: Finca Acosta, Volca'n Barba, Costa Rica, 7OOO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS ANDIANUS Boulenger~~

~~1885 Anol is and ianus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 60. Type-locality; Milligalli, Ecuador, 2060 m.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS ANTON! I Boulenger~~

iq08 Anol is anton i i Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 2: 517» ^''9- 2. Type-locality: San Antonio, Colomb ia. 1916 Anol is tol imens is Werner, Zool. Anz., 47: JOJ, Type-locality: Canon del Tolima, Colombia.

~~Distribution: Interandean highlands of northern Colombia. 48 AN PL IS~~

~~ANOLIS APOLLINARIS Boulenger~~

~~iqxq Anolis apollinaris Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1519' 75» figs. 4a-4b. Type-locality: Bogotá, Colombia.~~

~~Di str ibut iont Known from vicinity of type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS AQUATICUS Taylor~~

~~1556 Anolis aquaticus Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38: 111, fig- 35- Type-locality: Palmar, Provincia Puntarenas, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia Puntarenas, Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS AURATUS Daudin~~

~~1802 Anol is auratus Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 85. Type-locality: Unknown.~~

~~Dra N i tzschi i W iegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 16. Type-locality: Unl~~

~~1843 Draconura Berthold i Fitzinger (replacement name for Draconura 12-str iata Berthold), Systema Reptilium: ]0.~~

18*16 Norops macrodactylus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I856: 222. Type-locality: New Grenada. 188'i Norops auratus — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 55. I856 Anolis Rosenbergii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6 (ly)' I6. Type-locality: Buenaventura, Colomb ia.

~~Distribution: Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, French Guiana.~~

~~ANOLIS BINOTATUS Peters~~

~~I863 Anolis binotatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 140. Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador.~~

~~I873 Anolis binotatus — Bocourt. Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 52, pi. 16, figs. 22-23.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific Ecuador and Colombia; southern Central America; Gorgona Island, Colombia.~~

~~ANOLIS BIPORCATUS (Wiegmann)~~

~~D.[ I834 actyloa J biporcata Wiegmann. Herpetologia Mexicana: 4/. Type-locality: Mexico.~~

~~I873 Anolis biporcatus — Bocourt. Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 58, pi. I5, figs. 8-8a. 188^ Anolis biporcatus — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; 88.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico through central America to Ecuador.~~

~~Content; Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Ear opening nearly twice size of nostril; 1. Tamaño del ofdo el doble del nostril; esca- scales surrounding interparietal smaller mas que rodean el interparietal más peque- than or only equal to middorsal scales; ñas o solamente iguales a las escamas

~~dewlap black-edged parvaur i tus mediodorsales saco guiar bordeado de negro~~

Ear opening four or more times larger than parvaur i tus nostril; scales surrounding interparietal Tamaño del o'do cuatro o más veces el tama- larger than middorsal scales; dewlap not ño del nostril; escamas que rodean el black-edged b iporcatus interparietal mayores que las escamas mediodorsales; saco guiar no bordeado de

~~negro b i porca tus S~~

~~49 __^ ANOL I~~

~~Anol is b i porcatus b i porca tus (Wiegmann)~~

1873 Anolis Copei Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 77, pi. I5, fig. 10-lOa. Type-locality; Santa Rosa de Pansos, Guatemala. 1874 Anolis obtus irostr is Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I874: 40/. Type-locality: Chiriquf, Panama.

I893 Anol i s brev ipes Boettger, Kat. Rept. Senckenberg. Mus., 1: 57. Type-locality: Cairo Plantation, near Limón, San José, Costa Rica. 1916 Anolis solifer Ruthven. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 32: 4, pi. 2. Type-locality: La Concepción, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. 1966 Anolis biporcatus biporcatus Williams, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 235: 5, fig. 4.

~~Distribution: Mexico to northern Colombia.~~

~~Anol i s b i porcatus parvaur i tus Williams~~

~~1566 Anol is b iporcatus parvaur i tus Williams, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 235= 7> 'figs. 2-4. Type-locality: Northern Gorgona Island, Cauca, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific Ecuador and Colombia; Gorgona Island.~~

~~ANOLIS BISCUTIGER Taylor~~

~~1956 Anolis biscutiqer Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 81, fig. I5. Type-locality: Golflto, Provincia Puntarenas, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia Puntarenas, Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS BITECTUS Cope~~

~~1864 Anolis bitectus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: 17I. Type-locality: West Ecuador. 188'5 Anolis bitectus — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 7I, pi. 5, fig. 2.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS BOCOURT! I Cope~~

~~1876 Anolis bocourtii Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I67. Type-locality: Nauta, Peru.~~

~~1885 Anolis bocourti i — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: $0.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS BOETTGERI Boulenger~~

~~1911 Anolis boettqeri Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 7= I?' Type-locality: Huancabamba, Peru, 1000 m; actually Oxapampa, Peru, according to Barbour, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool., 77> 193*» 125.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS BOMBICEPS Cope~~

~~I876 Anolis bombiceps Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I68. Type-locality: Nauta, Peru. ISS^ Anolis bombiceps — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 94.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Peru and Ecuador; Estado Amazonas, Brazil. 50 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS BONAIRENSIS Rulhven~~

~~1923 Anolis bonairensis Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 143: 4. Type-locality: Seroe~~

~~Grandi, 4 l/2 km northeast of Kralend i jk, Bonaire, Dutch Leeward Islands.~~

~~Distribution: Bonaire, Klein Bonaire, Aves Islands.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Usually verm iculated with black, occasion- 1. Usualmente vermiculado de negro, ocasional- ally with black crossbars; distance from mente con barras negras transversas; snout tip to anterior border of ear 1.15 distancia de la punta del hocio al borde length of tibia; occipital scale in con- anterior del oído 1.15 de longitud de tact with supraorbital semicircles; two tibia; escama occipital en contacto con

~~pairs of scales between supraorbital los semicírculos supraorb i tales; dos pares~~

~~semicircles bona i rens i s de escamas entre los semicírculos supra-~~

With black crossbars, rarely vermiculated orbitales bona i rens i s with black; distance from snout tip to Con barras negras transversas, raramente anterior border of ear I.25 length of vermiculado con negro; distancia del hoci- tibia; occipital scale separated from co al borde anterior del oído 1.25 de supraorbital semicircles by one or two longitud de la tibia; escama occipital se- pairs of scales; one pair of scales parada por uno o dos pares de escamas; un between supraorbital semicircles par de escamas entre los semicírculos

~~blanqu i llanus supraorb i tales blanqu i llanus~~

~~Anol i s bona i rens i s bona i rens i s Ruthven~~

~~1540 Anol i s bona i rens i s bona i rens i s — Hummelinck, Studies of the Fauna of Curajao, Aruba, Bonaire and the Venezuelan Islands, 1: 7^-~~

~~Distribution: Bonaire and Klein Bonaire Islands.~~

~~Anol i s bona I rens i s blanqu i llanus Hummelinck~~

~~1540 Anol i s bona i rens i s blanqu i llanus Hummelinck, Studies of the Fauna of Curasao, Aruba, Bonaire and the Venezuelan Islands, 1: 79* Type-locality: El Jaque, Isla Blanquilla, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Blanquilla and Los Hermanos Islands, Venezuela.~~

~~ANOLIS BOUVIERI I Bocourt~~

~~1873 A nolis Bouvieri i Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 58, pi. 14, fig. 8-8a. Type-locality: Escuintla, Guatemala.~~

~~1955 Anolis bouvieri i — Stuart. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 9I: 2?.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS CARITO Peters~~

~~1863 Anol is (OracojTura) capi to Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 142. Type-locality: Costa~~

~~Rica; restricted to Palmar, Costa Rica, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 33,1950, 316; see comment by Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 1951> 57-~~

~~1864 Anolis carneus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1864: I7I. Type-locality: Lower Verapaz Forest, Guatemala; see comment by Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 1951» 59-~~

1 i 873 Anolis (Draconura) cap to — Bocourt . Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 101, pi. 16, fig. 27-27a (type). I893 Anolis lonqipes Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 31: 343. Type-locality: Palmar and Boruca, Costa Rica.

~~1956 Anolis cap i to — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 126, figs. 34-36.~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Caribbean slope from Tabasco, Mexico, to Panama (possibly on both slopes in south). __^ 51 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS CHLQRIS Boulenger~~

~~1858 Anolis chlor is Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 110, pi. 10, fig. 3. Type-locality: Paramba, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Ecuador and Colombia; Darién, Panama.~~

~~ANOL IS CH0C0RUIV1 Williams and Duellman~~

~~1567 Anolis chocorum Williams and Duellman, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 256: 2, figs. 1-2, 4-6. Type- locality: Rio Tuira at Quebrada La Plata, Darién, Panama, 100 m.~~

~~Distribution: Darién, Panama, and Chocó, Colombia.~~

~~ANOLIS CHRYSOLEPIS Dumlril and Bibron~~

~~1837 Anolis chrysolepis Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 94. Type-locality: French Guiana and Suri nam.~~

~~1848 Anolis planiceps Troschel, in Schomburgk, Reisen in Br i t i sch-Gu iana, J: 649. Type-locality:~~

~~Br i t ish Gu iana. 187^ Anolis nummifer 0' Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) IJ: 278. Type-locality: Demerara Falls, Guyana.~~

187s Anolis turmalis ' Shaughnessy . Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) I5: 278. Type-locality: Grenada. 187S Anolis lentiginosus O'Shaughnessy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) 1$: 279. Type-locality: Surinam. 188^ Anolis chrysolepis — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 89. 1907 Anolis lonqicrus Roux, Zool. Anz., 3I: 763. Type-locality: Surinam.

~~Distribution: Surinam; French Guiana; Para and Amapa, Brazil.~~

~~ANOLIS COBANENSIS Stuart~~

~~1942 Anolis cobanensis Stuart, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 464: 6. Type-locality: Three km south of Finca Samac, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, 135'' "'•~~

~~Distribution: Moderate and intermediate elevations in mountains of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala to Chiapas, Mexico.~~

~~ANOLIS CONCOLOR Cope~~

~~1862 Anol is ( Gastrotropis ) concolor Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 180. Type-locality:~~

~~N i caragua. 1885 Anol is concolor — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 74.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from Providencia and San Andres Islands, Colombia; probably does not occur in Nicaragua.~~

~~ANOLIS CRASSULUS Cope~~

~~1864 Anolis crassulus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: 173- Type-locality: Coban, Verapaz, Guatemala. 187^ Anolis crassulus — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 82, pi. 16, fig. 17-~~

~~Distribution: Plateau of Guatemala and Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; Chiapas, Mexico.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Dorsal scales generally fewer than 48 1. Escamas dorsales menos de 48 entre axila e between axilla and groin crassulus ingle crassulus Dorsal scales generally more than ^0 Escamas dorsales más de 5" entre axila e

~~between axilla and groin haque i ingle hague i 52 ANOLIS~~

~~1548 I Anol i s crassulus crassulus J~Stuart (by inference), Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 47.~~

~~Distribution: Intermediate elevations on Plateau of Guatemala exclusive of Alta Verapaz; Chiapas, Mexico.~~

~~Anol i s crassulus hague i Stuart~~

~~1942 Anolis haquei Stuart. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 464: 3. Type-locality: Two km south of Finca Chichén, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, l^'^O m.~~

~~1948 Anol i s crassulus hague i — Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 47.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS CUPREUS Hallowell~~

1860 Anolis cupreus Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1860: 481. Type-locality: None given; given as Nicaragua by Cochran, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 220, I96I, 86. 1917 Anolis macrophallus Werner. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg, 34: 31- Type-locality: San José, Guatemala.

~~1956 Anolis cupreus — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38: 110, fig. 29.~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations along Pacific slope from eastern Guatemala through Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS CURTUS Boulenger~~

I898 Anolis curtus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I898: 919, pi. 55, figs. 2-2a. Type-locality; La Estrella, Provincia Cartago, Co^ta Rica. 1956 Anolis curtus — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: I5I, fig. 42.

~~Distribution: Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS DAMULUS Cope~~

~~1864 Anol is damulus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: 169. Type-locality: Unknown. 1885 Anolis damulus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 47, pi. 2, figs. 2-2a.~~

~~Distribution: Unknown.~~

~~ANOLIS DISSIMIL IS Will iams~~

~~1965 Anolis dissimilis Williams, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 233= 2, fig. 1. Type-locality: Itahuania, Upper Rfo Madre de Dios, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS DOLLFUSIANUS Bocourt~~

~~I873 Anolis DoUfusianus Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 84, pi. I6, fig. 19-19a. Type-locality; San Agustin, on slopes of Volcán Atitlan, Guatemala, 1200 m.~~

~~Distribution: Moderate elevations along Pacific slope from eastern Chiapas, Mexico, to western Guatemala.~~

~~ANOLIS EEWI Roze~~

~~1958 Anolis eewi Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 2 (25): 3II. Type-locality; Cumbe de Torono Tepui, Chimanta Tepui, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, 2100 m.~~

~~Distribution; Known only from type locality. 53 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS EULAEMUS Boulenger~~

~~1908 AnoXis eulaemus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 2: 516, fig. 1. Type-locality: Las Pavas, Colomb ia.~~

~~Distribution: Southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLISFASCIATUS Boulenger~~

IBS'] Anolis fasciatus Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 55, pi. 3, fig. 1, Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1898 Anolis elegans Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: IO5, pi. 10, fig. 2. Type-locality: Chimbo, Ecuador.

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS FESTAE Peracca~~

~~1504 Anolis Festae Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, I9 (465); 4. Type-locality: Balzar, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of western Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS ERASER I Günther~~

I859 Anol is f raser i Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855= 4O7. Type-locality: Andes of western Ecuador. 1873 Anolis Fraseri — Bocourt. Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: pi. I5, fig. 12-12a (type). 1880 Anolis de Villei Boulenger, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880: 42. Type-locality: Andes of Ecuador. 1885 Anolis fraseri — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 65, pi. 4.

~~1566 Anol is f raser i —Williams, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 2J'): J, fig. 1.~~

~~Distribution: Higher western slopes of Andes in Ecuador and Colombia.~~

~~ANOLIS FRENATUS Cope~~

1899 ftnolis f renatus Cope, Sci. Bull. Philadelphia Mus., 1; 6, pi. 2, fig. 2. Type-locality: Unknown; Barranqu ilia, Colombia is suggested by Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ]Í, 193''» ^5^' 1937 Anolis frenatus — Dunn. Proc. New England Zool. Club, I6; 9.

~~Distribution: Costa Rica and Panama; Caribbean Colombia and Venezuela.~~

~~ANOLIS FUSCOAURATUS D'Orbigny~~

1837 Anol is f usco-auratus D'Orbigny, in Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 110. Type-locality: Chile (in error); corrected by D'Orbigny, I847, to Rio Mamorl, between Loreto and "le confluent du RTo Sara", Bolivia; and to Provincia Moxas, Bolivia, by Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Max., Rept., 1873» pi. 14, fig. 16.

~~Distribution: Bolivia and Peru to Venezuela, Colombia, Guianas and Atlantic forests of Brazil.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Supraorbital semicircles separated by 1. Semicfrculos supraorb i tales separados por~~

~~single row of scales kuqler i una fila de escamas kuqlgr i~~

~~Supraorbital semicircles separated by two Semicírculos supraorb i tales separados por or more rows of scales f uscoauratus dos más filas de escamas f uscoauratus 54 ANOLIS~~

~~Anol I s f uscoauratus f uscoaura tus O'Orbigny~~

I863 Anol i s vir id iaeneus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss, Berlin, I863: 147- Type-locality: Quito, Ecuador. 1887 Anolis Brumetii Thominot. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) 11: 184. Type-locality: Brazil. Anolis fuscoauratus f uscoauratus j Bull. Mus. Comp. 1547 [ J [ — Shreve, Zool., 59= 523.

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Andes in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil.~~

~~Anol is fuscoauratus kugler i Roux~~

~~1529 Anolis kuqleri Roux, Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 40 (2): 25. Type-locality: El Mene, Acosta District, Estado Falcon, Venezuela.~~

~~1947 Anolis fuscoauratus kugler i —Shreve. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 55: 523,~~

~~Distribution: Venezuela.~~

~~ANOLIS GARBEI Amaral~~

~~1533 Anolis qarbei Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (I532): 62, fig. I7-I8. Type-locality: Monte Christo, Rio Tapajoz, Para, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS GEMMOSUS 0' Shaughnessy~~

~~I875 Anol is qemmosus 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) IJ: 280. Type-locality: Unknown. 188^ Anolis qemmosus — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 60, pi. 3, fig. 2.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS GIBBICEPS Cope~~

~~1864 Anolis qibbiceps Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: I74. Type-locality: Caracas, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana; northern Venezuela.~~

~~ANOLIS GODMANI Boulenger~~

~~I885 Anolis qodman i Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 85. Type-locality: Guatemala and Irazu, Costa Rica; restricted to Volcan Irazu, Costa Rica by Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38, 1556, 156.~~

~~Distribution: Mountains of Costa Rica above 600 m.~~

~~ANOLIS GORGONAE Barbour~~

~~1505 Anol is qorgonae Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46: 59. Type-locality: Gorgona Island, Colomb ia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS GRÁCIL I PES Boulenger~~

~~1858 Anolis qracilipes Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 112, pi. 11, fig. 3. Type-locality: Paramba, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. 55 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS GRANULICEPS Boulenger~~

I858 Anolis qranul jeeps Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 111, pi. 11, fig. 2. Type-locality: Paramba, Ecuador. 1513 Anolis breviceps Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I513: IO3I, pi. IO7, fig. 1. Type-locality: Peñalisa, Condoto, Chocó, Colombia, 3'''' ft.

~~1959 Anol is qranul i ceps — Peters, Ciencia y Naturaleza, Quito, 2: 118.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS HETEROPHOLIDOTUS Mertens~~

~~1952 Anol is heterophol idotus Mertens, Zool. Anz., 148: 89. Type-locality: Hacienda Los Planes, Miramundo, Departamento Santa Ana, El Salvador, 2000 m.~~

~~Distribution: Mountainous areas of El Salvador.~~

~~ANOLIS HOFFMANN I Peters~~

~~I863 Anolis Hoffmann Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 142. Type-locality: Costa Rica.~~

~~1873 Anolis Hoffmann — Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 86, pi. I5, figs. I5-I6 (fig. I5 is holotype).~~

~~1966 Anolis hoffmann —Williams and Smith, Carib. Jour. Sc i . , 6: I63.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias Guanacaste, Puntarenas, and San Jose, Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS HUMILIS Peters~~

~~Anolis 186^ humilis Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: I38. Type-local i tv: Veragua, Panama. I873 Anolis humilis — Bocourt. Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: IO5, pi. 16, fig. 3I (type).~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Chiapas, Mexico through Panama.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

Eight to ten enlarged dorsal scale rows, 1. Ocho a diez hileras dorsales de escamas two median rows not larger than adjoining ensanchadas; las dos medianas mayores que rows; no nuchal crest; axillary pouch las adyacentes; no hay cresta nucal; saco small, not pigmented, without scales 2 axilar pequeño, no escamoso ni pigmentado- Twelve to fourteen enlarged dorsal scale 2 rows two median rows larger than adjoining Doce a catorce hileras dorsales de escamas rows; low nuchal crest and often trace of ensanchadas, las dos filas medianas mayo- dorsal crest in males; axillary pouch res que las filas vecinas; una cresta nu- large, pigmented, with scales-- marsuDÍalis cal baja y con frecuencia trazos de cresta dorsal en los machos; saco axilar grande,

escamoso y pigmentado marsup ial i s Dewlap with purple spot in basal part; all scales in enlarged rows of same size; 2. Saco guiar con una mancha púrpura en la semicircular scales undifferentiated from base; escamas ensanchadas del mismo tama- scales adjoining them un if ormis ño; escamas de los semicírculos supraorbi-

~~Dewlap without purple spot in basal part; tales casi i ndif erenc iadas de las escamas~~

two median scale rows smaller than adjoin- adyacentes un i form is ing rows; semicircular scales differentia- Saco guiar sin mancha púrpura en su parte ted from scales adjoining them hum ills basal; escamas ensanchadas con las dos hileras medianas más pequeñas que las adyacentes; escamas de los semicírculos

~~diferenciados de las vecinas hum i 1 is~~

~~Anol i s hum i 1 is hum i 1 i s Peters~~

~~1885 Anolis quaqqulus Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: 391. Type-locality: Río San Juan, Ni ca ragua.~~

~~Anolis hum i 1 i s 1948 [ humilis ]— Stuart (by inference). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 48.~~

~~Distribution: Panama and Costa Rica, excluding Provincias Puntarenas and Cartago, Costa Rica. 56 ANOLIS~~

~~Anolis hum 11 is marsup ial is Taylor~~

~~1956 Anolis humil is marsupial is Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38: 57> f'S- 23- Type- locality: 75 '"'' west soutlnwest of San Isidro de General, probably in Provincia Puntarenas, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Provincias Cartago and Puntarenas, Costa Rica.~~

~~Anolis humilis uniformis Cope~~

I885 Anol is un i form is Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: '}')2. Type-locality: Guatemala and Yucatán; restricted to two mi north of Santa Teresa, El Peten, Guatemala, by Smith and Taylor; see comments by Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 1557» ^^' 19S5 Anolis ruthveni Stuart, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 3IO: !• Type-locality: Two m! north of Santa Teresa, El Peten, Guatemala. 1948 Anolis humilis uniformis — Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 48.

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Chiapas and Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico to Provincia Guanacaste, Costa Rica.~~

~~Algous IMPETIGOSUS Cope~~

~~1864 Anolis impetiqosus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc ! . Phila., 1864: I74. Type-locality: Unknown. 188^) Anolis impetiqosus — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 55, pi. 2, fig. 3.~~

~~Distribution: Probably somewhere in South America.~~

~~ANOLIS INCOMPERTUS Barbour~~

~~1932 Anol is i ncompertus i ncompertus Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12: 99- Type-locality:~~

~~V i llav icenc io, San Martin, Colombia.~~

~~1944 Anol is j incompertus — Dunn, Rev. Acad. Soc. Cienc. Exactas, Fis. Nat., 6: JA. [^~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS INS IGNIS Cope~~

I87I Anolis insignis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I87I: 213, pl- 24, fig. 2. Type-locality: San José, Costa Rica. I876 Anolis insignis —Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): 120, pi. 24, fig. 1.

~~Distribution; Panama to Costa Rica, in mountainous areas.~~

~~ANOLIS INTERMEDIUS Peters~~

~~I863 Anolis ntermedius Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 143. Type-locality: Veragua,~~

~~1873 Anolis ntermed i us — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 69, pi. 15» fig» 4 (type~~

~~187s Anolis tessellatus O'Shauqhnessy , Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) I5: 279. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 1956 Anolis ntermedius — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 106, figs. 27-26~~

~~Distribution: Panama to Costa Rica and Nicaragua.~~

~~ANOLIS JACARÉ Boulenger~~

~~1903 Anolis ¡acare Boulenger, Ann. Mag.Nat. Hist., {7) 11: 482. Type-locality: Mérida, Venezuela, 1600 m.~~

~~Distribution: Venezuela, eastern Colombia. 57 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS KEMPTONI Dunn~~

~~1940 Anolis kemptoni Dunn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phlla., 52: 111. Type-locality: Finca Lérida, ChiriquT, Panama, 53OO ft.~~

~~Distribution; Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS LAEVIS (Cope)~~

I876 Scytomvcterus laevis Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I65. Type-locality: Between Moyabamba and Puerto Balso, R'o Huallaga, eastern Peru. 188=^ Anolis laevis — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 56.

~~Distribution; Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS LAEVIVENTRIS (Wiegmann)~~

D.|_ A.j^ is I834 actyloa J ( nol j ) laevi ventr is Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 47. Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 199, 195"» 63.

~~I843 Dactyloa wiegmann i Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 67. Type-locality; Mexico. 1873 Anolis laeviventris — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.; 87, pi. 16, figs. 18-18a (type).~~

~~Distribution; Moderate and intermediate elevations from central Veracruz, Mexico, through uplands of Chiapas, Mexico, into northwestern Guatemala.~~

~~ANOLIS LATIFRONS Berthold~~

~~1846 Anolis lat if rons Berthold, Nachr. Univ. Konigl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, 8-10: 11. Type-locality; Popayan, Colombia. 1885 Anolis latifrons — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 62.~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern Ecuador through Chocó of Colombia to southern Central America.~~

~~ANOLIS LEMNISOATUS Boulenger~~

~~1898 Anolis lemniscatus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I898: II3, pi. 10, fig. 4. Type-locality: Chimbo, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Western Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS LEMURINUS Cope~~

~~1861 Anolis ( Gastrotropis ) lemurinus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861: 213. Type-locality: Veragua, Panama.~~

~~Distribution: From central Veracruz, Mexico to northwestern South America.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Supraorbital semicircles in contact 1. Semicírculos supraorb i tales en contacto lemurinus lemurinus Supraorbital semicircles separated Semicírculos supraorbi tales separados~~

~~bourgeae i bourqeae I 58 ANOL 1 S ^~~

~~Anol is lemur inus lemuri nus Cope~~

i Type- 1862 Anolis ( Pracontura ) vittiqerus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1862: I79. locality: Truando region, Colombia. 1873 Anolis palpebrosus Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 18/3: 740. Type-locality; Chiriqu', Panama. 1887 Anolis frontatus Thominot, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) 11: I85. Type-locality: Dariln, Panama. lemurinus lemurinus — Stuart (by inference). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 1948 [ Anolis ] 65: 45. iqS6 Anolis lemurinus lemur inus — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 100, figs. 24-26.

~~Distribution; Low and moderate elevations on Caribbean slope from Costa Rica to Panama and on Pacific slope from Chiapas, Mexico to El Salvador.~~

~~Anol is lemur inus bourqeae i Bocourt~~

1873 Anolis Bourqeaei Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 76, pi. 15, fig. 9. Type-locality; Orizaba and Huatusco, Mexico. 1932 Anolis ustus verae-pacis Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12: 58. Type-locality; Hacienda Chimoxan, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, I5OO ft. 1948 Anolis lemurinus bouroeaei — Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 6'): 49.

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Caribbean slope from central Veracruz, Mexico to northern Honduras.~~

~~ANOLIS LEPTOSCELIS Boulenger~~

1885 Anolis leptoscelis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 92, pi. 5, fig. 3. Type-locality; Pebas and Yurimaguas, R'o Huallaga, northeastern Peru. 1885 Anolis macropus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 23: 101. Type-locality: Pebas, Upper Amazon, Peru.

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Peru and Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS LIMIFRONS Cope~~

1862 Anolis Í Dracontura ) limifrons Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: I78. Type-locality; Veragua; = Cucuyos, Veragua Province, Panama, according to Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77» 1934, 139-

~~Distribution; Panama through central America on Caribbean slope to Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, one of which ( m icrolep is Alvarez del Toro and Smith) is extral im i tal .~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Head longer than tibiaj head scales smooth 1. Cabeza más larga que la tibia; escudos ce- or weakly keeled; slender form fálicos lisos o débilmente guillados;~~

i rodr iquez i i aspecto delgado rodr iguez i Head same length as tibia; head scales Cabeza del mismo tamaño que la tibia; esca- distinctly keeled; not slender 1 im if rons mas de la cabeza distintamente guilladas;

~~especto no delgado 1 im i f rons~~

~~Anol is 1 im i f rons 1 imif rons Cope~~

1871 Anolis trochilus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I87I; 215. Type-locality: San José, Costa Rica. 1873 Anolis pulchripes Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I873; 739. Type-locality: ChiriquT, Panama.

1874 Anolis bransfordi i Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874: 67. Type-locality: Nicaragua. 1882 Anolis Rivieri Thominot, Bull. Soc. Philom, Paris, {7) 6: 25I. Type-locality: Panama. Anol is 1 im if imif Mich., 1948 [ rons 1 rons j — Stuart (by inference). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. 69: 49.

~~Distribution; Caribbean slope, Panama to Nicaragua. 59 ANOLIS~~

~~Anol is 1 iinif rons rodr I quez i i Bocourt~~

~~I873 Anol is Rodr i guez i i Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 62, pi. I3, fig. 1-la. Type-locality: Panzos, Guatemala.~~

71873 Anol is rub i ginosus Bocourt, Ann. Sc i . Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) 17j ^irt. 2: 1. Type-locality: Oaxaca, Mexico. 1885 Anolis aureolus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: 39O. Type-locality: Yucatán and Guatemala; restricted to Chichen Itza, Yucatan, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 195, 1950, 64.

I89I Anolis acutirostris Ives, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I89I: 459. Type-locality: Citilpech, Yucatán, Mexico. 1948 Anolis limifrons rodriguezii — Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 49.

~~Distribution: Low elevations of Caribbean slope from isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico to Honduras.~~

~~Comment: Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 9I, 1955, I9, suggested that Anolis~~

~~qunther i Bocourt may also be synonymous with this taxon.~~

~~ANOLIS LINDEN I Ruthven~~

~~1912 Anolis lindeni Ruthven, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 25: I63. Type-locality: Santarem, Brazil; May be erroneous, E.E. Williams, in litt.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type specimen.~~

~~ANOLIS LINEATUS Daudin~~

~~1804 Anol i s 1 i nea tus Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 66, pi. 5^» ^'9' !• Type-locality: South America. 188S Anolis lineatus — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 38.~~

~~1966 Anol i s 1 i neatus — Rand and Rand, Studies on the Fauna of Curasao and other Caribbean Islands, 24: 112.~~

~~Distribution: Curasao Island.~~

~~ANOLIS LIONOTUS Cope~~

I86I Anolis ( Dracontura ) 1 ionotus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861: 210. Type-locality: Cucuyas de Veragua, Panama. I876 Anolis oxylophus Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I23, pi. 24, fig. 4. Type- locality: None given, probably type was from southeastern Costa Rica.

~~I894 Anolis r ix i Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894: 727» pl» *8, fig. 1. Type-locality: Chontales, Nicaragua. 1956 Anolis lionotus — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: I37, fig. 38.~~

~~Distribution: Panama to Nicaragua.~~

~~ANOLIS LONGICAUDA Hallowell~~

~~1860 Anolis lonqicauda HaUowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I860: 481. Type-locality: Nicaragua.~~

~~Distribution; Known only from type specimen.~~

~~ANOLIS LOVERIDGEI Schmidt~~

~~1936 Anol is lover idge i Schmidt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49: 47. Type-locality: Portillo Grande, Yoro, Honduras, 4100 ft.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS MACROLEPIS Boulenger~~

~~1911 Anol i s macrolep i s Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., {&) I'. 21. Type-locality: Novita, R'o Tamaña and Condoto, Chocó, Colombia, I5O-2OO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type localities. 60 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS MACULIVENTRIS Boulenger~~

~~Zool. Soc. London, pi. fig. 1. Type- I858 Anolis macul i ventr is Boulenger, Proc. I858: 111, 11, locality; Paramba, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution! Lowlands of northwestern Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS MARIARUM Barbour~~

~~1532 Anolis mar iarum Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12: 100. Type-locality: Sampedro, 45 km north of Medell'n, Departamento Antioquia, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS MERIDIONALIS Boettger~~

'^8: I885 Anol is ( Praconura ) chrysolepis — Boettger, Zeits. fur Naturwiss., 21$. I885 Anolis meridionalis Boettger, Zeits. fur Naturwiss,, S8: 437. Type-locality: Paraguay. 189S Anolis holotropis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) I5: 522. Type-locality: Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1503 Norops sladeniae Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I5O3! 69> 'fig- 2. Type-locality: Chapada, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 19S3 Norops marmorata Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932): 63, figs. 19-20. Type-locality: Jaguara, Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Mato Grosso, Brazil and Paraguay.~~

~~A NOLIS MICROTUS Cope~~

~~I87I Anolis microtus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I87I: 214, pi. 24, fig. 2. Type-locality: San José, Costa Rica.~~

1876 Anolis microtus — Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., (2) 8 (I875): II9, pi. 24, fig. 2. 1923 Diaphoranol is brooksi Barbour. Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I29: ]. Type-locality: Sapo Mountain, eastern Panama, 25OO ft.

~~Di str i but ion:~~

~~ANOLIS Ml RUS Williams~~

~~1963 Anolis mirus Williams. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 129: 467, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: R'o San Juan, southwestern Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS NANNODES Cope~~

1864 Anolis nannodes Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1864: I73. Type-locality: Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; Arriba, Costa Rica and Jalapa, Mexico; restricted to Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, by Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69, 1948, 5O; restricted to Arriba,

~~Costa Rica, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 33, I95O, §16; discussed by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I99, I95O, 63, and by Dunn and Stuart. Copeia, I95I, 57.~~

I873 Anol is nannodes — Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: "¡l, pl. 15, fig. 4 (type). 1942 Anolis cortezi Stuart, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 464: 8. Type-locality: Finca Los Alpes, 35 km east and slightly south of Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. 1950 Anolis stuarti Smith, in Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I99: 63. Type-locality: Coban, Guatemala.

~~Distribution: Moderate and intermediate elevations on Caribbean slope of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, and also possibly Chiapas, Mexico. —~~

~~61 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS NASOFRONTAL IS Amaral~~

1933 Anolis nasofrontalis Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, f (1532): 58, figs. 11-12. Type-locality: Estado do Espirito Santo, Brazil. 1545 And is nasofrontal is — Myers and Carvalho, Bol. Mus. Nac, Brazil, 43: 5.

~~Distribution: Estado do Espirito Santo, Brazil.~~

~~ANOLIS NICEFORI Barbour~~

1932 Anol i s i ncoinpertus n i cef or i Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12: 100. Type-locality: Humbo, 170 km north of Bogotá, Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, 824 m. 1544 Anol is n icef ori — Dunn, Rev. Acad. Col. Exactas, Fis. Nat., 6: 15.

~~Distribution: Interandean highlands of Colombia.~~

~~ANOLIS NIGROLINEATUS Williams~~

~~196'i Anolis niqrolineatus Williams, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 233: 4, fig. 2. Type-locality: Máchala, Provincia El Oro, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Máchala and Guayaquil, Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS NI TENS (Wagler)~~

~~I83O Draconura n i tens Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 149. Type-locality: America.~~

~~I863 Anolis ( Draconura ) ni tens Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 142.~~

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Upper head scales smooth; head not shorter 1. Escamas supracef ál icas lisas; cabeza no más than tibia; four series of enlarged dorsal corta que la tibia; cuatro series de esca- scales; adpressed hind limb does not reach mas agrandadas dorsales; extremidad poste-

~~tip of snout bond i rior hacia adelante no alcanza la punta del~~

Upper head scales keeled; head shorter than hocico bond i tibia; two series of enlarged dorsal Escamas supracefál icas quilladas; cabeza scales; adpressed hind limb reaches tip of más corta que la tibia; dos series de es-

~~snout n i tens camas dorsales agrandadas; extremidad posterior hacia adelante alcanza la punta~~

~~del hoc ico n i tens~~

~~Anol i s n i tens n i tens (Wagler)~~

~~I837 Anol is refulgens Duméril and ^ibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 91' Type-locality: Surinam.~~

~~191^ Anolis nitens [ n i tens ]— Fowler (by inference), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I9I3: I7I.~~

~~Distribution: Surinam, Guyana, and Venezuela.~~

~~Anol i s n i tens bondi Fowler~~

~~1919 Anolis nitens bondi Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I913: I7I, pi. 10. Type- locality: Cariquito, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Venezuela. I 1~~

~~62 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS NOTOPHOLIS Boulenger~~

~~1896 Anolis notopholis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 17: I7. Type-locality: Buenaventura, Colomb ia.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal area near Buenaventura, Colombia.~~

~~ANOLIS ORTONI Cope~~

i Type-locality: Río Ñapo or Upper 1868 Anolis ortoni i Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1868: 57. Rio Mararíón, Ecuador or Peru. I87O Anolis cynocephalus Bocourt, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Bull., 6: I3. Type-locality: French Guiana. 187^ Anolis cynocephalus — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: pi. 14, figs. 1-1^ (holotype).

~~Distribution: Amazonian Basin.~~

~~ANOLIS PACHVPUS Cope~~

I876 Anolis pachypus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): 122, pi. 24, fig. 3. Type- locality: Slopes of Pico Blanco, Costa Rica. 1556 Anolis pachypus — Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 3^: 145«

~~Distribution: Costa Rica; Volcán Chiriqu!, Panama.~~

~~ANOLIS PALMER I Boulenger~~

~~I5O8 Anolis palmeri Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 1: 112. Type-locality: Los Mangos, southwestern Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS PENTAPRION Cope~~

~~1862 Anolis ( Coccoessus ) pentaprion Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: I78. Type-locality: Río Truando, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Low elevations on Caribbean slope from Colombia to Chiapas, Mexico.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Upper head scales smooth; ear opening very 1. Escamas supracefál leas lisas; abertura au-~~

~~small and rounded; 18 lamellae under phal- d 1 i va muy pequeña; 18 lámelas bajo la fa- anges 2 and 3 of fourth toe; light grey langes 2-3 del cuarto ortejo; gris pálido~~

above with white spots beckeri encima con manchas blancas becker i Upper head scales rugose; ear opening mod- Escamas supracefál ¡cas rugosas; abertura érate and sub-oval; 22 lamellae under auditiva moderada sub oval; 22 lámelas phalanges 2 and 3 of fourth toe; reddish- bajo las falanges 2-3 del cuarto ortejo; brown above marbled with blackish rojizo café con marmoraciones negruzcas pentapr Ion pentaprion

~~Anol i s pentapr I on pentapr i on Cope~~

~~ISqq Anolis sulcifrons Cope, Sci. Bull. Philadelphia Mus., 1: 6, pl. 2, flg. 1. Type-~~

locality: Uncertain, perhaps from Bogotá, Colombia; restricted to Barranqu 1 11a, Colombia, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, I55O, 363; restriction rejected by Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 1551» 56' ISqO Anol IS panamensis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85O: 81, pl. 8, figs. 3-3a. Type- locality: Panama; see Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 1551» 5^, for discussion of type

~~local I ty. 19*58 Anolis pentaprion [ pentaprion ] — Stuart, Cont. Lab. Vert. Biol. Univ. Mich., 75: 21.~~

~~Distribution; Lowlands of Colombia to Nicaragua; reported at 6000 ft on Volcán Chiriqui, Panama, by Walters, Copeia, 1553, 126. 63 ANOLIS~~

~~Anoli s pentapr ion becker i Boulenger~~

~~1881 Anol is becker i Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 521. Type-locality: Yucatán, Mex ico.~~

~~iq'i8 Anolis pentaprion becker i —Stuart. Cont. Lab. Vert. Biol. Univ. Mich., 75: 21.~~

~~Distribution: Low elevations on Caribbean slope from Chiapas, Mexico to Honduras, including Yucatán Peninsula and British Honduras.~~

~~ANOLIS PERACCAE Boulenger~~

1898 Anolis peraccae Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, ISJS: 108, pi. 10, fig. 1-la. Type-locality: Chimbo, Ecuador. 1501 Anolis irregularis Werner. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., 'jl: 59*' Type-locality: Ecuador.

~~Distribution: Northwestern Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS PETERS I I Bocourt~~

~~I873 Anolis Petersii Bocourt. Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 75, pi. I3, fig. 2; pi. I5, figs. 11-lla. Type-locality: Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.~~

~~I856 Anol is petersi i bi v i ttata Werner, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 46: 351. Type-locality: Guatemala:~~

~~restricted to Ooban, Guatemala, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 33, 1550, 317; see comments by Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 1951» 59'~~

~~Distribution: Moderate elevations on Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosi, Mexico and on Pacific slope from Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, south to Honduras.~~

~~ANOLIS PHYLLORHINUS Myers and Carvalho~~

~~19*5 Anol i s phyllorh i nus Myers and Carvalho, Bol. Mus. Mac. Brazil, Zool., 43: 2, figs. I-5. Type- locality: Borba, Rio Madeira, Estado do Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS POECILOPUS Cope~~

~~1862 Anolis ( Oracontura ) poecilopus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: I79. Type-locality: Near Cartagena and on R'o Truando, Colombia.~~

~~I885 Anol is poec i lopus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 84.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type material.~~

~~ANOLIS POLYLEPIS Peters~~

~~I873 Anolis polylepis Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873* 73^. Type-locality; Chiriqui, Panama 1556 Anolis polylepis — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 87, fig. 21.~~

~~Distribution: Panama to southwestern Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS PRINCEPS~~

~~1902 Anolis princeps Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 5: 5^' Type-locality: Rio Lita, Paramba, 'San Javier and Salidero, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of northwestern Ecuador.~~

~~ANOLIS PROBOSCIS Peters and Orces~~

~~1556 Anol i s probóse i s Peters and Orces, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 2, fig. Type-locality:~~

~~Cunuco, 5 ki" northwest of Mindo, Provincia Pichincha, Ecuador, 1200 m.~~

~~Distribution: Middle altitudes of western slopes in Provincia Pichincha, Ecuador. 64 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS PSEUDOTIGRINUS Amaral~~

~~Mem. Inst. Butantan, (1932): 60, figs. 13-14. Type-locality: 1533 inolis fiseudoilarinus Amaral, 7 Region of Rio Doce, Espirito Santo, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS PUNCTATUS Daudin South America 1802 Anolis punctatus Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 84, pi, 48, fig. 2. Type-locality:~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian valley.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies punctatus 1. Ventral scales smooth punctatus 1. Escamas ventrales lisas boulengeri Ventral scales keeled boulenqeri Escamas ventrales quilladas~~

~~punctatus Daudin Anol i s punctatus~~

Type-locality: San Pedro 1821 Anolis gracilis Wied. Raise nach Brasilien, 2: I3I. d'Alcantara, virgin forest, Brazil. 2: I32. Type-locality: Morro d'Arara, in 1821 Anolis viridis Wied. Re i se nach Brasilien, virgin forest of Mucurf, Brazil. Type-locality:, ii Sc i 60. Iflpg Anolis viridissimus Raddi. Mem. Math. Fis. Soc. Ital. . , 1?: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Type-locality: Riode i 6I. Radd , Mem. Math. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sc . , 1?: 1823 A nolis bullaris 1 Janeiro, Brazil. I823 Anol is violaceus Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: I5, pi. I7, fig. 2. Type-locality: Para, Brazil. I837 Anol is nas icus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: II5. Type-locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1925 Anolis catenifer Ahl. Zool. Anz., 62: 8$. Type-locality: Brazil. 1933 Anolis transfasciatus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932): 60, figs. I5-I6. Type- locality: Estado do Espirito Santo, Brazil. 1945 Anol is transfasciatus — Myers and Carvalho, Bol. Mus. Nac. Brasil, 43: 10, figs. 6-9» punctatus punctatus Peters (by inference), Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., II9: 18. 1967 [ AnolTs ] —

~~Distribution: Amazon region, Brazil, northeastern and eastern Venezuela.~~

~~Anolis punctatus boulenger i 'Shaughnessy~~

~~1881 Anolis boulengeri ' Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 242, pi. 24, fig. 1. Type-locality: Canelos, Ecuador.~~

~~1967 Anolis punctatus boulenger i —Peters . Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., II9: 18.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Peru, Ecuador and Colombia; western Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~ANOLIS PURPURESCENS Cope~~

~~I899 Anol is purpurescens Cope, Sc i . Bull. Philadelphia Mus., 1: 7* Type-locality: R'o Truando, Colomb ia. 1956 Anol is purpurescens — Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 75> "fig* 18.~~

~~Distribution: Colombia to Costa Rica.~~

~~A NOLIS RADULINUS Cope~~

~~1862: 1£ Type- 1862 Anol is ( Gastrotropis ) radulinus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., locality: Truando region, Colombia.~~

~~188*1 Anol is radul i nus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 86.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type material. 65 ANOLIS~~

~~ANQLIS RHOMBIFER Boulenger~~

~~I854 Anolis rhombifer Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I854: 728, pi. 48, fig. 2. Type-locality: Chontales, Nicaragua.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS ROQUET (Bonnaterre)~~

~~1785 Lacerta roquet Bonnaterre, Tab. Encycl. Meth. Erpét.: 5*> pl- 9> fig- 5- Type-locality: Martinique. 1923 Anolis roquet — Ruthven. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I43: 6.~~

~~Distribution: Martinique, Grenada, Barbados, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Guyana.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, of which one ( roquet Lacépéde) is extral im i tal.~~

~~Anol i s roquet extremus Garman~~

~~I887 Anolis extremus Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., I5: 11. Type-locality: Barbados. 1564 Anolis roquet extremus — Underwood, Reptiles of the Eastern Caribbean, 1st Suppl.: i.~~

~~Distribution: Barbados, South Lucia and Georgetown, according to Underwood, loc. cit. A thriving population has been imported into Caracas, Venezuela.~~

~~ANOLIS SAGREI Dumlril and Bibron~~

~~I837 Anolis Saqrei Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., 4: I49. Type-locality: Cuba.~~

~~I873 Anol is Saqrae i — Bocourt (emendation of sagre I Dumlril and Bibron), Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 80, pi. 15, fig. 14 (type).~~

~~I885 Anol is sagrae — Boulenger (emendation of sagre i Dumlril and Bibron), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 40.~~

~~Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas and southern Florida.~~

~~Content: Five subspecies, of which four ( lúteos iqn i f er Garman, ord ina tus Cope, sagre i Dumlril and~~

~~Bibron and ste jneqer i Barbour) are ex tral im i tal.~~

Comment! Some authors regard the populations of this species living on the mainland as belonging to the nominate subspecies (Stuart, Duellman, Fugler), while others recognize a distinct mainland subspecies (Smith, Burger, Neill, Allen). We do not know who is correct, and we list the distinct subspecies here simply because it exists in the literature.

~~Anol i s saqre i mayens is Smith and Burger~~

iqqO Anolis saqrei mayensis Smith and Burger, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico, 20 (1949); 40/, Type- locality: Panlao island, in mouth of Rfo Mamantel, Laguna de Términos, Campeche, Mex ico. 1965 Anolis saqrei mayensis — Ne ill. Bull. Florida St. Mus., 9: 91.

~~Distribution: Campeche, Mexico; British Honduras and Caribbean coast of Guatemala.~~

~~ANOLIS SALVINI Boulenger~~

~~188S Anolis salvini Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 75. Type-locality: Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOL IS SCAPULAR IS Boulenger~~

~~19089O8 AnolisAnol is scapularisscapular is Boulenger,Bo Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 1: II3. Type-locality: Provincia del~~

~~Sara, eastern Bolivia,Bol i 600 m.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Bolivia and Peru. S~~

~~ANOL I~~

~~ANOLIS SCYPHEUS Cope~~

1864 Anolis scypheus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phlla., 1864: I72. Type-locality: None given; Caracas, Venezuela, according to Boulenger, below. 2: 5O. 188;i And i s scypheus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.,

~~Distribution: Venezuela; Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~ANOLIS SERICEUS Hallowell~~

I856 Anolis sericeus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I856: 227. Type-locality: El Euceros de Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. 18Sq Anolis sallaei Gunther. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855= 121. Type-locality: Central America; stated as Mexico by Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1854, 80. 1864 Anolis heliactin Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: I72. Type-locality: Mexico. I873 Anolis Jacobi Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 73> pl- 13> fg- 8 (specific name spelled Jabobi on p. 73, and Jacobis on p. 74, but intent is clear). Type-locality: Veracruz; restricted to Veracruz, Veracruz by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I55, I95O, 68. 1940 Anolis ustus wellbornae Ahl. Sitz. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, I54O: 246. Type-locality: El Salvador.

~~Distribution: Low elevations in Mexico, from Tamaulipas on east and Isthmus of Tehuantepec on west, south to Nicaragua.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

Comment: When Ouellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., I5, 1565» 596, put Anolis ustus in this species, he did not discuss the synonyms listed above. We therefore make no attempt to list them with the subspecies synonymies.

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Usually fewer than 56 dorsal scales counted 1. Usualmente menos de 56 escamas dorsales from axilla to groin; supraorbital semi- desde la axila hasta la ingle; semicírcu-~~

clrcles separated by two or three rows of los supraorb i tales separados por dos o scales ser Iceus tres hileras de escamas ser iceus Usually more than 57 dorsal scales; supra- Usualmente más de 57 escamas dorsales,

~~orbital semicircles in contact or separa- semicírculos supraorb i tales en contacto ted by one row of scales ustus separados por una hilera de escamas ustus~~

~~Anol i s ser iceus ser iceus Hallowell~~

~~Anol is sericeus ser iceus — Duellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 15^ 1565 [_ j 596»~~

~~Distribution: Low elevations in Mexico, from Tamaulipas and Isthmus of Tehuantepec, to Nicaragua, excluding Yucatán Peninsula and British Honduras.~~

~~Anol is ser iceus ustus Cope~~

1864 Anolis ustus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: I72. Type-locality: Belize, British Honduras. 1965 Anol is ser iceus ustus — Duellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., I5! 59^*

~~Distribution: Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico; British Honduras.~~

~~ANOLIS SMINTHUS Dunn and Emlen~~

~~1932 Anolis sminthus Dunn and Emlen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84: 26. Type-locality: San Juancito, Honduras, 69OO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from vicinity of type locality, 6400-7000 ft. 67 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS SOL I TAR I US Ruthven~~

~~1516 Anolis solitarius Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 32; 2, pi. 1. Type-locality! San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, 5^00 ft.~~

~~Distribution: Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.~~

~~ANOLIS SOUAMULATUS Peters~~

~~I863 Anolis squamulatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863! 14$. Type-locality: Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.~~

~~1873 Anol i s squamulatus — Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: pi. 14, fig. 21. 1937 Anolis squamatulus — Dunn (in error for squamulatus Peters), Proc. New England Zool. Club, 16: 7.~~

~~Distribution; Northern Venezuela, Panama.~~

~~ANOLIS STEINBACHI Griffin~~

~~1917 Anolis steinbachi Griffin. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 11: 3O8, pi. 33, figs. 1-4. Type-locality; Provincia del Sara, Bolivia, 35'^ "'•~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS TIGRINUS Peters~~

~~I863 Anolis tiqrinus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: I43. Type-locality; Chile (in error).~~

~~1874 Anol i s t i qr inus — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: pi. 14, fig. 2. ISSq Anolis tiqrinus — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 55.~~

~~Distribution: Recorded from Rancho Grande, Venezuela, by Test, Sexton, and Heatwole, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 128, I966, I3.~~

~~ANOLIS TOWNSENDI Stejneger~~

~~1900 Anolis townsendi Stejneger, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., J6: I63. Type-locality: Cocos Island, Costa Rica. 19°i6 Anolis townsendi — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 123, fig. 33.~~

~~Distribution: Cocos Island, Costa Rica.~~

~~ANOLIS TRACHYDERMA Cope~~

~~I876 Anolis trachyderma Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875); 168. Type-locality: Nauta, Peru. 1885 Anolis trachyderma — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; 87.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS TRANSVERSAL IS Dumeril~~

I85I Anolis Transversalis Dumeril, Cat. Meth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: 57. Type-locality; South America; actually Sarayacú, Peru, fide Williams and Vanzolini, Pap. Avuls. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 19, 1966, 197. 1873 Anolis transversalis — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: pi. 14,fÍ9. 3 (holotype).

1880 Anolis buckleyi 0' Shauqhnessy . Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880: 492, pi. 49. Type-locality: Pallatanga, Ecuador. 1966 Anolis transversalis —Williams and Vanzolini, Pap. Avuls. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, I9: 197-

~~Distribution: Amazonian Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia; Estado Amazonas, Brazil. 68 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS TRINITAT IS Reinhardt and Lütken~~

~~I863 Anolis Trini tat is Reinhardt and Lütken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1862: 265. Type-locality: Trinidad.~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad, St. Vincent, St. Lucia.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, of which two Í v incent i i Carman and procurator i s Underwood) are extral imi tal.~~

~~Anol i s tr i n i tat i s tr i n i tat i s Reinhardt and Lutken~~

~~i 12: 1955 Anolis trini tatis tr n i tat is — Underwood, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 212.~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad and St. Vincent Islands.~~

~~ANOLIS TROPIDOGASTER Hallowell~~

Sci. Phila., 224. Type- 1857 Anolis. ( Draconura ) trop i doqaster Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. I857: locality: Colombia. 1869 Anolis st iqmosus Bocourt, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 5: 43. Type-locality: Rio Magdalena, Colomb ia. 1916 Anolis qa iqei Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Mich., '¡2: 6, pi. 3- Type-locality: San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. 19^2 Anolis albi Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12: 101. Type-locality: Andagoya, Departamento Chocó, Colombia.

~~Distribution: Western slopes of Colombia and Ecuador to Panama, Santa Marta area, Colombia and western Venezuela.~~

~~ANOLIS TROPIDOLEPIS Boulenger~~

~~I885 Anol i s tropi dolepis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 53- Type-locality: Irazu, Costa Rica. 19% Anolis tropidolepis — Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 146, figs. 40-41.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias Cartago, San José and Heredia, Costa Rica, between 1600 and 2600 m.~~

~~ANOLIS TROPIDONOTUS Peters~~

1863 Anolis tropidonotus Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 135- Type-locality: Given as Huanusco, Veracruz, Mexico; Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 155, 1950, 60, suggested this is in error for Huatusco, Veracruz. I873 Anolis tropidonotus — Bocourt. Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: IO3, pi. 16, fig. 3O (type).

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Pacific slope of Oaxaca and Caribbean slope of Veracruz, Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua.~~

~~im i Content: Two subspecies, one of which ( sp i lorh i p is Alvarez del Toro and Smith) is extral tal.~~

~~Anol i s trop i donotus trop i donotus Peters~~

I873 Anolis metallicus Bocourt, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) 17» ^^t. 2: 1. Type-locality: Mex ico. 1906 Norops yucatanicus Barbour and Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., '^0: I49. Type-locality: Chichen Itzá, Yucatán, Mexico. A. nolis t.[ rop idonotus tropi donotus Alvarez del Toro and Smith, Herpetolog ica, 12: ^. 1556 [ ] j —

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Caribbean slope from Veracruz, Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua. .~~

~~69 ANOLIS~~

~~ANOLIS VENTRIMACULATUS Boulenger~~

~~1511 Anolis ventr imaculatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 7: 20. Type-locality: Rio San ^ Juan, Chocó, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS WILL I A MS I I Bocourt~~

~~I87O Anol is Will iamsi i Bocourt, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Bull., 6: I6. Type-locality; Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~187^ Anolis Williamsi i — Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: pi. I3, fig. 5.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ANOLIS WOOD! Dunn~~

~~1540 Anolis woodi Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 52: 110. Type-locality: El Volcán, Chiriquí, Panama~~

~~Distribution: Mountain areas from Panama to Costa Rica.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Dewlap dark olive to blackish with magenta 1. Saco guiar oliva oscuro a negruzco con esca- scales; 140 scales around middle of body; mas magenta; 140 escamas al medio del scales bordering occipital not enlarged cuerpo; escamas que bordean el occipital no attenua tus agrandadas attenua tus Dewlap pinkish orange on edge with whitish Saco guiar rosado naranja en el borde con scales; 125 scales around middle of body; escamas blancas; 125 escamas al medio del scales bordering occipital enlarged cuerpo; escamas que bordean el occipital

~~wood i bastante agrandadas woodi~~

~~Anol i s woodi wood i Dunn~~

~~1956 Anolis woodi woodi — Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: II5, fig. 3I.~~

~~Distribution: Chiriquí, Panama, to Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica on Pacific slope.~~

~~A nol i s woodi attenuatus Taylor~~

~~19*56 Anolis woodi attenuatus Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 118, fig. 32. Type-locality: Isla Bonita, southeastern slope of Volcán Póas, Costa Rica, SS^"^ ft.~~

~~Distribution! Known only from type locality. 70 ___^ repulía: AMPHISBAENIA: AMPHISBAENIDAE * * * * ANOPS~~

~~1833 Anops Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I833: 59. Type-specjes: Anops King! i Bell.~~

i Novara, I867 Anopus Steindachner (¡n error for Anops Bell), Reise der Osterre ich schen Fregatten Zool., Rept.: 55. 1916 Anopsibaena Ste jneger (replacement name for Anops Bell), Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 25: 85. (Stejneger bel ieved Anops Bell to be preoccupied by Anops Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3 (l), I8I5, 358, a name later shown to be unavailable.)

~~Distribution: As for single species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~ANOPS KING! I Bell~~

~~Type-locality: "In America Australi". 1833 Anops Kinqi i Bell. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1833: 55. Novitates, 2186: 1964 Anops kinqi i — Gans and Rhodes, Amer. Mus. 3.~~

~~Distribution: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil to Uruguay; inland to Córdoba and south to Rio Negro, in~~

~~Argent i na. _^ 71^ repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ' * -^ ANOTOSAURA~~

~~ANOTOSAURA Amaral~~

~~1533 Anotosaura Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (l-932)i 68. Type-species: Anotosaura collar is Amaral.~~

~~Distribution: As for single species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~ANOTOSAURA COLLARIS Amaral~~

~~19^3 Anotosaura coUaris Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 {1532): 69, figs. 36-40. Type-locality: Villa Nova (=Senhor do Bonfim), Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil. 72 repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * * * APTYCHOLAEMUS~~

~~APTYCHOLAEMUS Boulenger~~

~~1891 Aptvcholaemus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 8; 85. Type-species; Aptycholaemus lonaicauda Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution: As for single species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~APTYCHOLAEMUS LONGICAUDA Boulenger~~

I851 Aptvcholaemus lonaicauda Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 8: 85. Type-locality: Riacho del Oro, Argentina. 18qS Anisolepis argentinus Koslowsky. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6: 415, pl- 2. Type-locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina (probably Province, not city, according to José Gallardo).

~~Distribution: From Buenos Aires to Misiones, Argentina. 73_ REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE JK jf Í< jf ARGALlAr a^av,^~~

~~ARGALIA Gray~~

~~1846 Arqalia Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 18: 67. Type-species: Arqal la marmorata Gray.~~

~~Distribution: As for only known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~ARGALIA MARMORATA Gray " Aa¡»S-a aa*,iam)«, T M~~

1846 Arqalia marmorata Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 18: 67. Type-locality: Colombia. 1847 Arqal ia ol Ivacea Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847: 57. Type-locality; Near Colonia de Tovar, Venezuela, 8000 ft. I856 Gerrhonotus poeciloch ilus L ichtenste in. Nomenclátor Reptillum et Amphlbiorum Musei Zoologici Berol Inens Is: I6. Type-locality: Veragua, Puerto Cabello, Panama.

~~Distribution: Central Venezuela, northern Colombia, and probably southern Panama. 1 ?~~

~~369^215 0—70- .~~

~~74 REPTILIA: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * if ARISTELLIGER~~

~~ARISTELLIGER Cope~~

~~1862 Aristelliqer Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc ¡ . Phila., 1861: 455. Type-species: Aristell iqer lar Cope.~~

~~i . Idiodactylus qeorgeensis I87O I d i odac-tylus Bocourt, Miss. Sc Mex., Rept.: 41. Type-species: Bocourt~~

~~i '¡¡i'): 4, i i qella 1532 Ar i stell i gella Noble and Kl nger, Amer. Mus. Novitates, Type-species: Ar stell~~

~~harbour i Noble and Klinger.~~

~~Distribution; West Indies and Peninsula of Yucatán, Mexico; British Honduras.~~

~~Content: Four species, of which three (cochranae. Grant, lar Cope, and praes ignis Hallowell) are~~

~~extral im i tal.~~

~~ARISTELLIGER GEORGEENSIS (Bocourt)~~

I87O Idiodactylus qeorgeensis Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 41, pi. 10, figs. 1-ld. Type-locality: St. George Island, off Belize, British Honduras. I885 Aristelliger irregularis Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: 387' Type-locality: Cozumel Island, Yucatán.

~~1550 Aristelliqer georgeens i s — Sm i th and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I99: 5I.~~

~~Distribution: Quintana Roo and Cozumel Island, Mexico, to British Honduras and neighboring islands. 75 REPULÍA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * * ARTHROSAURA~~

~~ARTHROSAURA Boulenger~~

~~1885 Arthrosaura Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 385. Type-species: Cercosaura ( Pantodactvlus ) ret iculata O' Shaughnessy.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, eastern Ecuador.~~

~~Content: Four species, according most to recent revision by Cunha, Atas Simp. Biota Amaz., 5, 1967, 141-170.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Three supraoculars 2 1. Tres supraoculares 2~~

~~Four supraoculars kock i i Cuatro supraoculares kock i i~~

~~2. Fewer than five preanal plates 3 2. Menos que cinco placas preanales 3 Six preanal plates ret iculata Seis placas preanales ret iculata~~

~~3. Three preanals versteeg i i 3- Tres placas preanales versteea i i Four preanals amapaense Cuatro placas preanales amapaense~~

~~ARTHROSAURA AMAPAENSE Cunha~~

~~1967 Arthrosaura amapaense Cunha, Atas Simp. Biota Amaz., 5= I5I, fig. 1. Type-locality: Alta Rio Maracá, Territorio do Amapá, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ARTHROSAURA KOCK I I (Van Lidth)~~

~~1904 Pr ionodactylus Kock i i Van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., 2$: 9I, pi. 7, figs. 3-4. Type-locality: Surinam; type received from Coppename Expedition.~~

~~1923 Arthrosaura dors i str iata Müller, Zool. Anz., 57' ^^7 • Type-locality: Peixeboi~~

~~( Braganjabahn), Para, Brazil.~~

~~1928 Arthrosaura kock i — Brongersma . Zool. Anz., 78: 333. Amaz., 1967 Arthrosaura kocki i — Cunha, Atas Simp. Biota 5: 155, ^'9- !•~~

~~Distribution: Surinam to eastern Brazil.~~

~~ARTHROSAURA RETICULATA (O ' Shaughnessy)~~

~~1881 Cercosaura ( Pantodactvlus ) reticulata O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 23O, pi. 22, fig. 1. Type-locality: Canelos, Ecuador.~~

1885 Arthrosaura ret i culata — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 389. 1931 Pantodactylus tyleri Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 362, figs. 14-15. Type- locality: Summit of Mount Duida, Venezuela. 1967 Arthrosaura reticulata — Cunha, Atas Simp. Biota Amaz., 5' 153> fig- !•

~~Distribution: Eastern Ecuador, western Amazonian Brazil, southern Venezuela.~~

~~ARTHROSAURA VERSTEEGI I Van Lidth~~

~~1904 Arthrosaura Versteeqii Van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., 25: 89. Type-locality: Cottica Mountains,~~

~~Sur I nam. 1967 Arthrosaura versteeqii — Cunha, Atas Simp. Biota Amaz., 5= 150, fig. !•~~

~~Distribution: Brazil, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana. 26 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * ARTHROSEPS~~

~~ARTHROSEPS Boulenger~~

~~I858 Arthroseps Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 520. Type-species: Arthroseps werneri Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Prefrontal scales smaller than frontonasal; 1. Escudos prefrontales notablemente menores que scales on caudal border of anus and proximal el frontonasal; borde caudal del ano y porción areas of thighs granular werneri proximal de los muslos granulosa werneri Prefrontal scales longer than frontonasal; Escudos prefrontales mas largos que el fronto- scales on caudal border of anus and proximal nasal; borde caudal del ano y porción proximal areas of thighs not granular f luminensis de los muslos no granulosa f luminensis

~~ARTHROSEPS FLUMINENSIS Amaral~~

~~1933 Arthroseps fluminensis Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932): 67, figs. 26-3O. Type-locality; Serra de Macae, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Distrito Federal, Brazil.~~

~~ARTHROSEPS WERNERI Boulenger~~

~~1898 Arthroseps werneri Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 521, pi. 55, fig. 3. Type-locality: Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil. 77 repulía: AMPHISBAENIA: AMPHISBAENIDAE "^ ^ ^ AULURA~~

~~AULURA Barbour~~

~~1514 Aulura Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4: 56- Type-spec ies: Aulura anómala Barbour,~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~AULURA ANÓMALA Barbour~~

~~1514 Aulura anómala Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4: ')G. Type-locality: "Brazil". 1548 Aulura anómala — Vanzolini, Bol. Mus. Paraense Em'lio Goeldi, 10: 2/6, figs.~~

~~Distribution: Estado do Para and Estado de Maranháo, Brazil. 78 REPULÍA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ** BACHIA~~

~~BACH I A Gray~~

~~Encyclo. Meth., Erp.: 66. 1750 Chalcides Bonaterre (preoccupied by Chalcides Laurenti, I768), Tabl.~~

~~i des flavescens Bonnaterre. Type-spec ¡ es: Chale~~

¡ es: 1820 Chaléis Merrem (preoccupied by Chaléis Fabricius, I787) Tent. Syst. Amph. : 75. Type-spec Chalcides tridactvlus Daudin. Amph.: Type-spec es: 1820 Colobus Merrem (preoccupied by Colobus llliger, I8II), Tent. Syst. 76. i Seps monodactylus Daudin. 1826 Brachypus Fitzinger (preoccupied by Brachypus Swainson, 1824), Neue Classification der Reptilien:

20: Type-species: Brachypus Cuvi er i Fitzinger. 1843 Cophias Fitzinger (preoccupied by Cophias Merrem, 1820), Neue Classification der Reptilien: 20. Type-species: Chalcides d'Orbiqnyi Dumeril and Bibron. 1844 Microdactvlus (Tschudi MS) Agassiz (not of Fitzinger, 1843, preoccupied by Microdactylus Geoffroy, I8O9), Nomina Systematica Genera Reptllium: 28. 1845 Bachia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 58. Type-species: Chalcides Dorbiqnyi Dumeril and Bibron. 1883 Herpetochalcis Boettger, Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturk., I883: I5O. Type-species: Chalcides heteropus L ichtenste in. 188S Scolecosaurus Boulenqer, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 416. Type-species: Brachypus cuvieri

~~F i tz i nger. 1896 Sesquipes Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I896: 466. Type-species: Chalcides heteropus~~

L ichtenste i n. 1896 Heteroelonium Cope, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., I856: 466. Type-species: Heteroelon ium b icolor Cope. 1900 Anisoelonium Cope, Ann. Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., I89B: 56I. Type-species: None designated. 1935 Apatelus Amaral (preoccupied by Apatelus Mulsant and Rey, I86O), Mem. Inst. Butantan, 9: 249.

~~Type-species: Apatelus bresslau i Amaral.~~

~~Distribution: Northern South America east of Andes to southern Brazil and eastern Bolivia; Trinidad; Grenada, Grenadines.~~

~~Content: Eighteen species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de espec ies~~

~~Digits present on some or all feet 2 No todas las extremidades carecen de dedos 2~~

~~No digits on any foot bresslau i Todas las extremidades carecen de dedos~~

~~bresslau i~~

~~Forefoot with more than two digits 3 Extremidades anteriores con más de dos dedos--3~~

~~Forefoot with two digits harbour i Extremidades anteriores con dos dedos--barbour i~~

~~Prefrontal present 4 Prefrontal presente- Prefrontal absent 8 Prefrontal ausente--~~

~~Three digits on hind foot 5 4. Con tres dedos en las extremidades posteriores- Four digits on hind foot 6 Con cuatro dedos en las extremidades~~

~~poster i or es Claws present 17 Claws absent heteropa Uñas presentes 17 Uñas ausentes heteropa~~

~~Three supraoculars 7 Tres supraoeulares Two supraoculars scoleco i des Dos supraoeulares -scoleco ides~~

Ventral scales squarish and juxtaposed 18 Escamas ventrales euadrangulares y yuxtapuestas Ventral scales hexagonal and imbricate j^g panopl ia Escamas ventrales hexagonales e imbricadas '. — panopl ia

~~Interparietal present 9 Interparietal presente 9~~

~~Interparietal absent 13 I nter parietal ausente 13~~

~~Hind foot with fewer than three digits 10 Extremidades posteriores con menos de tres Hind foot with three digits flavescens dedos 10 Extremidades posteriores con tres dedos flavescens — A~~

~~BACH 1~~

~~10. Supraoculars absent -11 lO.Supraoculares ausentes-- Supraoculars present- -12 Supraoculares presentes-~~

~~11. Forefoot with four digits-- b icolor 11. Extrem i dades anteriores con cuatro dedos-~~

Forefoot with three digits- i ntermedia Extremidades anteriores con tres dedos- — i ntermed ia 12. Forefoot with four digits 1 i neata - Forefoot with three digits- schleqel i i 12. Con cuatro dedos en la extremidades anteriores-

1 i neata Con tres dedos en las extremidades anteriores — 13'Supraoculars present- schleqel i i Supraoculars absent-- 13- Supraoculares presentes 14 Supraoculares ausentes 15 14. One supraoculai monodactylus

~~Two supraoculars parl~~

~~Dos supraoculares parker i~~

15»First and second pair of postmentals in contact 15"Dos pares de posmentales medialmente en con- on midline; second pair does not reach lip--l6 tacto, el segundo par de posmentales no llega First pair of postmentals in contact on mid- al borde oral 16 line; second pair reaches lip talpa Primer par de posmentales medialmente en contacto, el segundo par de posmentales llega al borde oral talpa 16. Fourth supralab ial in contact with parietal on each s ide peruana 16. Cuarto supralabial en contacto con el parietal Fifth supralabial in contact with parietal on en cada lado peruana

~~each si de dorb i any i Quinto supralabial en contacto con el parietal~~

~~en cada lado dorb i ony i~~

~~- ly.Two light lateral stripes- pall i d i ceps ly.Con dos cintas laterales claras pall i diceps No light lateral stripes-- -blairi Sin cintas laterales claras blairi~~

~~18. Prefrontals in contact on midline cuv i er i 18. Prefrontales medialmente en contacto cuv i er i Prefrontals separated by contact between inter- Prefrontales separada por un contacto entre~~

~~nasal and frontal alien i internasal y frontal alien i~~

~~BACHIA ALLENI (Barbour)~~

~~1514 Scolecosa [uJ rus alleni Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 44: 315' Type-locality: St. George's, Grenada.~~

~~Bachia alien i Vanzol i n i . Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. S3o Paulo, 14: 1561 [ ] — 204.~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad and adjacent mainland in Venezuela; Grenadines, Grenada, and Tobago.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one of which ( alien i Barbour) is extral im i tal.~~

~~Bach i a alien i tr i n i tat i s (Barbour)~~

1914 Scolecosaurus trinitatis Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 44: '}!(>. Type-locality: Caparo, Trinidad. 1561 Scolecosaurus trinitatis — Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 14: I83, figs. 1-5-

~~1565 Bach i a alien i tr i n i tat i s — Thomas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 78: 152-~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad and adjacent mainland in Venezuela.~~

~~BACHIA BARBOUR I Burt and Burt~~

~~1531 Bachia barbouri Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 3I8, figs. 5-8. Type-locality: Perico, Cajamarca, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern Peru. i~~

~~80 BACHIA~~

~~BACHIA BICOLOR (Cope)~~

~~1896 Heteroclonium bicolor Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I896: 466. Type-locality: Bogotá, Colomb ia. 1922 Bachia bicoloi Ruthven, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 8: 63.~~

~~Distribution: Sierra de Perija, Venezuela; eastern Colombia.~~

~~BACHIA BLAIRI (Dunn), new combination~~

~~19A0 Scolecosaurus blairi Dunn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 92: II5. Type-locality: Puerto Armuelles, Chiriquí, Panama.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~BACHIA BRESSLAUI (Amaral)~~

Sao 1935 Apatelus bresslaui Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 9: 25O, figs. I-3. Type-locality: Estado de Paulo, Brazil. Paulo, 14: 200. i Sao i Zool. 1961 Bacliia bresslau i — Vanzol n , Pap. Avul. Depto.

Distribution: Originally thought to be Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil, but Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, I9, I966, I89, described a specimen from Mato Grosso and expressed doubt about the validity of type locality.

~~BACHIA CUVIERI (pitzinger)~~

1826 Brachypus cuvieri Fitzinqer. Neue Classification der Reptilien: 5O. Type-locality: Unknown. 188S Scolecosaurus cuvieri — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; 416. Sao Paulo, 14: 204. Bachia cuv i er i Vanzol i n i . Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. 1961 [ J —

~~Distribution: Possibly Brazil; still not known from any specific locality. Barbour, Copeia, 1933» 76, assigned to this species a specimen that may have come from Brazil.~~

~~BACHIA DORBIGNYI (Oumeril and Bibron)~~

~~1839 Chalcides Dorbignyi Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5: 462. Type-locality: Santa Cruz, "Chile"; corrected by Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 14, I96I, I98, to Santa Cruz de la~~

~~S i erra, Bol i via.~~

~~1917 Bachia dorb i qny — Gr i ff i n. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 11: 312. Sao Paulo, 14: figs. 4-7. 1961 Bachia dorb i qny i —Vanzol i n i . Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. 198,~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Bolivia; Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~BACHIA FLAVESCENS (Bonnaterre)~~

1739 Chalcides flavescens Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyclo. Meth., Erp.: 67, pi. 12, fig. 4. Type-locality; Unknown. 1801 Chamaesaura Cophias Schneider, Historiae Amphibiorum, 2: 2O9. Type-locality: None given. 1802 Chalcides tridactylus Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 367, pi. 58, fig. 3. Type-locality: Unknown. Zool. Univ. Mich., 8: 63. 1922 B.[_ achia J flavescens — Ruthven. Misc. Publ. Mus.

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America to eastern Colombia.~~

figure on Comment: The trivial names flavescens , cophias , and tr idactylus were all based on the plate 32, of Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip., I789, with two of the authors reproducing the figure, and the third citing it in his text. All have the same "Iconotype", and are strict synonyms.

BACHIA HETEROPA (L ichtenste in) Zoologici Berolinensis: I7. Type-locality: 1856 Chalcides heteropus L i chtenste in. Nomenclátor Musei La Guaira, Venezuela. B. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 38: IO5. 1925 [ achia ] heteropus — Ruthven, Distribution: Venezuela. 81_ BACHIA

~~BACH I A INTERMEDIA Noble~~

~~1521 Bach la interinedia Noble, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 2'): 142. Type-locality: Perico, Departamento Cajamarca, Peru.~~

~~Distribution; Nortfiwestern Peru.~~

~~BACHIA LINEATA Boulenger~~

~~1503 Bachia lineata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., {7) 12: 432. Type-locality: Duaca, Estado Falcon, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Venezuela.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. More than 44 scales between occiput and 1. Más de 44 filas de escamas entre occipucio thigh; seven longitudinal rows of scales y muslos; siete filas longitudinales de~~

~~in front of enlarged pectorals 1 i neata escamas frente a las pectorales agrandadas~~

~~Fewer than 42 scales between occiput and 1 i neata thigh; five longitudinal rows of scales Menos de 44 filas de escamas entre occipu-~~

~~in front of enlarged pectorals marcelae cio y muslos; cinco filas longitudinales de escamas frente a las pectorales agrandadas marcelae~~

~~Bach i a 1 ineata 1 ineata Boulenger~~

1525 Bachia anómala Roux, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 40 (2): 3I. Type-locality: El Mene, Distrito Acosta, Provincia Falcon, Venezuela. 1969 Bachia lineata 1 ineata — Donoso-Barros, Carib. Jour. Sci., 8 (1568): 11/.

~~Distribution: Distrito Federal; Estados Yaracuy, Falcon, and Sucre, Venezuela.~~

~~Bach i a 1 i neata marcelae Donoso-Barros and Garrido~~

1564 Bach ia marcelae Donoso-Barros and Garrido, Publ. Ocas. Mus. Cien. Nat. Caracas, Zool., 8: 3, figs. 1-8. Type-locality: Bosque La Luz, Barinas, Venezuela. 1969 Bachia lineata marcelae — Donoso-Barros. Carib. Jour. Sci., 8 (1968): 118.

~~Distribution! In isolated patches of tropical forest within llanos of southern part of Estado Barinas, Venezuela.~~

~~BACHIA MONODACTYLUS (Daudin)~~

~~1802 Chalcides monodactylus Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 37O. Type-locality: None given.~~

1820 Colobus Daud i n i Merrem (replacement name for Chale ides monodactylus Daudin), Tent. Syst. Amphib.: 76. I872 Chalcides trilineatus Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 775. Type-locality: South Amer ica.

~~Distribution: Guyana; Amazonian Basin of Brazil.~~

~~Comment: This synonymy and the use of this name follows Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. S3o~~

Paulo, 14, 1561, 195» "^1° used Bach ia coph ias Schneider for the taxon (see comment under Bach i a f lavescens ). Since coph ias is not available, the next most senior synonym is monodactylus Daudin, according to Vanzolini, and this name is used without evaluation by us as to its appropriateness.

~~BACHIA PALLIDICEPS (Cope)~~

~~1862 Brachypus pall i diceps Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 356» Type-locality: Río Truando region, Colombia.~~

~~1561 [ Bachia ] pall i diceps — Vanzol i n i . Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 14: 204.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of northwestern Colombia; Darien, Panama, 82 BACHIA~~

~~BACH I A PANOPLIA Thomas~~

~~iq6S Bachia panoplia Thomas, Herpetolog ica, 21; 18. Type-locality: Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~BACHIA PARKERI Ruthven~~

~~192^ Bachia parkeri Ruthven. Proc, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 38: IO3, figs. 4-6. Type-locality: Chenapowu River, on the Upper Potaro River, Guyana.~~

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America to eastern Colombia.~~

~~BACHIA PERUANA (Werner)~~

1900 Cophias peruanus Werner. Abh. Ber. Zool. Anthr.-Ethn. Mus. Dresden, 5 (2): 5, 3 figs. Type- locality: Chanchamayo, Peru. B. achia peruana Ruthven, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 38: IO5. 1925 [ ]

~~Distribution: Eastern Peru.~~

~~BACHIA SCHLEGELI (Dumlril and Bibron)~~

~~I839 Chalci des Schleqel i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= *57' Type-locality: East Indies. I887 Cophias boettaeri Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 5O8. Type-locality: Central America?~~

~~1946 Bach ia schleqel i — Brongersma, Zool. Meded., 26: 237» figs. la-e.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana.~~

~~BACHIA SCOLECOIDES VanzolinI~~

~~1961 Bachia scolecoides VanzolinI, Pap. Avul. Depto, Zool. SSo Paulo, 14; 202. Type-locality; Rio Teles Pires, Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~BACHIA TALPA Ruthven~~

~~1925 Bachia taiga Ruthven, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 38: 101, figs. I-3. Type-locality: Valle Dupar, Sierra de Santa Marta, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Sierra de Santa Marta and Caquetá, Colombia. 83 repulía: sadría: IG UANIDAE ^ ^ BASILISCUS~~

~~BASILISCUS Laurenti~~

1768 Basiliscus Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: ^0. Type-species: Basiliscus americanus laurenti. 1828 Corythaeolus Kaup, Isis von Oken, 21: II47. Type-species: Bas il iscus vi ttatus Wiegmann. 18S0 Oedicoryphus Waqler, Nat. Syst. Amph.; 148. Type-species: Basiliscus vittatus Wiegmann. 1845 Thysanodactylus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 153- Type-species: Ophryoessa bil ineata Gray. I852 Lophosaura Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 10: 438. Type-species: Lophosaura Goodridqi i Gray. I852 Ptenosaura Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 10: 438. Type-species: Ptenosaura Seemanni Gray. 1852 Cristasaura Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 10: 435. Type-species; Cristasaura mitrella Gray. I854 Craneosaura Gray, in Richardson, Zoology of Voyage of H.M.S. Herald, I845-5I: 148. Type-species:

Ptenosaura Seemann i Gray. bivittata 1860 Daconura Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I860: 482. Type-species: Daconura Hallowell. 1862 Paraloma Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 181. Type-species: Daconura bivittata Hallowell. 1853 Dactylocalotes Werner, Zool. Anz., I6: 36I. Type-species: Dactvlocalotes el isa Werner.

~~Distribution: Jalisco in western Mexico and Tamaulipas in eastern Mexico through Central America to Pacific Ecuador, and to Venezuela and perhaps Peru east of Andes.~~

~~Content: Four species.~~

~~Key to the species " Clave de especies~~

~~1. Abdominal scales smooth 2 1. Escamas abdominales lisas 2~~

~~Abdominal scales keeled v i ttatus Escamas abdominales carenadas v i ttatus~~

2. Vertebral region with irregularly distributed 2. Región vertebral con escamas distribuidas scales showing no evidence of regular spacing- irregularmente sin trazas de espac iami ento 3 regular 3 Vertebral region with very large, raised, regu- Región vertebral con escamas muy grandes, larly spaced scales, separated by several very levantadas, espaciadas regularmente, separadas

~~small scales galer i tus por varias escamas muy pequeñas qaler i tus~~

3. Color primarily green, also including some blue J, Color principalmente verde que también incluye plum if rons algo de azul plum if rons Color primarily brown, no green or blue Color principalmente pardo, sin verde o azul

~~bas i 1 iscus bas i 1 iscus~~

~~BASILISCUS BASILISCUS (Linnaeus)~~

~~1758 Lacerta bas i 1 i scus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 206. Type-locality: "America australi." I83Ó [BasiliscusJ basiliscus—Wag 1er, Nat. Syst. Amphib.: 148.~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern Ecuador, Pacific slopes of Colombia; Venezuela; southern Central America.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

Head crest single, not erect but pendent on 1. Cresta cefálica única, no erguida sino side of neck, ribbon-like, narrowing colgante a los lados del cuello, acintada, rapidly from base to form narrow lobe enangostándose rápidamente desde la base

barbour i harbour i hasta formar un lóbulo angosto tfead crest with dorsal rounded, erect lobe Cresta cefálica con lóbulo dorsal redon- and second projection on posterior margin, deado, erguido y segunda proyección en pendiente, no enan- not pendent, not narrowed bas i 1 i scus margen posterior, no

~~gostada bas i 1 iscus 84 BASILISCUS~~

~~Bas il iscus basil iscus bas il iscus (Linnaeus)~~

1768 Basiliscus americanus Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 50. Type-locality: South America. Nat. Rept., 1802 Bas il iscus mi tratus Daudin (substitute name for bas il iscus Linnaeus), Hist. 3: 310, pi. 42. 18'^q Ophryoessa bilineata Gray, Zoology Beechey's Voyage, Reptiles: 94. Type-locality: Fernando de Noronha; questioned by Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, I885, 108. 1852 Lophosaura Goodridgii Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 10: 438. Type-locality: "Quibo". 1876 Basiliscus guttulatus Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I56. Type- locality: Camp at Buhio Soldado, Panama.

~~1562 B[ as i 1 iscus ] basil iscus [ bas il iscus j —Maturana, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 128: 26.~~

~~Distribution: Soutliern Central America to northwestern Colombia and Ecuador.~~

~~Bas i 1 iscus bas i 1 i scus barbour i Ruthven~~

~~1514 Bas i 1 iscus barbour i Ruthven, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27: 5> P^' 1> f ¡gs- 1-2. Type-~~

~~locality: Ga i ra River at Minea, San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, 2200 ft.~~

~~1562 Bas i 1 i scus bas i 1 i scus barbour i —Maturana, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 128: 26.~~

~~Distribution: Western Venezuela and Santa Marta, Colombia.~~

~~BASIL ISCUS GALERITUS Dumlril~~

1851 Basiliscus Galeritus Dumeril, Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: 6I. Type-locality: "N. -Grenade", which is Colombia. 18^2 Ptenosaura Seemanni Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 10: 438. Type-locality: "Quibo", on west coast of America.

~~Distribution: Pacific slopes of Colombia and Ecuador to Panama and Costa Rica.~~

~~BASILISCUS PLUMIFRONS Cope~~

~~1876 Basiliscus plumifrons Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): 125, pi. 25, figs. 1-la. Type-locality: Sipurio, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Panama, Costa Riga, and Nicaragua.~~

~~BASILISCUS VITTATUS Wiegmann~~

1828 Bas il i scus v i ttatus Wiegmann, Isis von Oken, 21: 373- Type-locality: Mexico, restricted by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I55, I55O. 72, to Veracruz, Veracruz. 1852 Cristasaura mitrella Grayt Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 10: 439. Type-locality: Honduras. 1860 Daconura bivittata Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860: 482. Type-locality: Nicaragua restricted to Greytown, Nicaragua, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, 1950, 320.

1862 Basil iscus ( Cristasaura ) nuchal is Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 181. Type-locality: Near Greytown, Nicaragua. 1893 Dactylocalotes elisa Werner, Zool. Anz., 16:' 36I. Type-locality: Sumatra.

Distribution: Jalisco and Tamaulipas, Mexico through Central America on both coasts as far as Colombia. Recorded from Ecuador by Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, I885, 110. 85^ REPTILIA: SAURlA: GEKKONIDAE * '^ * BOGERTIA

~~BOGERTIA Loveridge~~

~~1541 Boqert ia Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, ^A: 155* Type-species: Boqert ia lutzae~~

~~Lover i dge.~~

~~Distribution: As for single l~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~BOGERTIA LUTZAE Loveridge~~

~~1541 Bogertia lutzae Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, ^A: I56. Type-locality: Near Pituba, SSo Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. 1968 Boqert ia lutzae—Vanzolini, Arq. Zool. Sao Paulo, 1/: 55-~~

~~Distribution: Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil. 86 repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * * "^ BRIBA~~

~~BRIBA Amaral~~

~~1535 Briba Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, Ji 253» Type-spec ies: Br Iba brasil lana Amaral.~~

~~Distribution; As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~BRIBA BRASIL I AMA Amaral~~

~~1935 Briba brasiliana Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 5: 253- Type-locality: Rio Pandeiros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1968 Briba brasiliana —Vanzolini, Arq. Zool. SSo Paulo, I7: 56-~~

~~Distribution: Estado de Minas Gerais and Estado da Babia, Brazil. REPULÍA: AMPHISBAENLA: AMPHISBAENIDAE * * * * BRONIA~~

~~BRONIA Gray~~

~~Bron ia Gray, Proc. Soc. I865 Zool. London, i I865: 448. Type-species: Bron a bras i 1 iana Gray,~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~BRONIA BRAS III ANA Gray~~

~~I865 Bron i a bras i 1 i ana Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I865: 448. Type-locality: Santarem, Rio Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Lower Amazon, Santarem to Belem, Brazil. ^8 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE *** CALLOPISTES~~

~~CALLOPISTES Gpavenhorst~~

~~1838 Callopistes Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 18: 7*3» Type-spec Íes: Callopistes maculatus Gravenhorst.~~

~~1835 Aporomera Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5- 65» Type-spec i es: Aporomera orna ta Dumlril and Bibron.~~

~~1877 Te iovaranus Ste indachner, Denkschr. Math. -Na turw i ss. 01. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 38: 93- Type-spec Íes:~~

~~Te iovaranus Bran i ck i i Ste Indachner.~~

~~Distribution: Ecuador, Peru and Chile.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~Azygous frontal present; frontoparietal and 1. Azygos frontal característico; con fronto- interparietal conspicuous, clearly differen- parietal e interparietal diferenciados~~

t i a ted maculatus maculatus Azygous frontal absent; frontoparietal and No hay azygos frontal; frontoparietal e intei— interparietal replaced by small scales parietal indi f erenc iados y reemplazados por

~~flay i punctatus escamas pequeñas f lav i punctatus~~

~~CALLOPISTES FLAV I PUNOTATUS (Duméril and Bibron)~~

~~I835 Aporomera flav i punctata Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5^ 7^, pl- 51' Type-locality: Tropical South America.~~

I877 Te iovaranus Branickii Ste i ndachner, Denkschr. Math.-Naturw i ss. 01, Akad. Wiss. Wien, 38: 53» pl- 1, figs. a-d. Type-locality: Tumbez, Peru. 1845 Callopistes flav ipunctatus — Cray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I7.

~~Distribution: Interandean valleys of Peru and southern Ecuador.~~

~~CALLOPISTES MACULATUS Gravenhorst~~

~~I838 Callopistes maculatus Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 18: ]ii, pl. 55» ^19- !• Type-locality: At foot of Cordillera, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Antofagasta to Maule Province, Chile.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Rows of ocelli present only on posterior 1. Hileras de manchas dorsales extendidad half of dorsum 2 desde la mitad del dorso a la cola 2 Four rows of ocelli from neck to base of Cuatro hileras de manchas oceladas desde el ta il maculatus cuello a la cola maculatus

~~2. Ground color milky brown with linéate and 2. Color castaño lechoso con dibujos lineales~~

irregular dorsal pattern a tacamens i s e irregulares en la mitad del dorso Ground color not milky brown, with dorsal atacamens is pattern of small paravertebral black spots Lineas de manchas paravertebrales pequeñas lacking white borders i mann no circundadas de blanco mann i

~~maculatus Gravenhorst~~

1839 Aporomera ornata Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5: 76. Type-locality: Chile. 1847 Ameiva oculata D'Orbigny and Bibron, Voyage dans l'Amerique Merldionale, Rept.: 5, pl. 5, figs. 6-10. Type-locality: Valparaiso, Chile. 1848 Aporomera ocellata Guichenot, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 2: 6I, pl. 3, fig. 2. Type-locality: Santiago, Chile. 1560 Callopistes maculatus maculatus — Donoso-Barros, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., 55: 43, pl, 1. Distribution: Cauquenes to Copiapo, Chile. 89

~~GALLOP I STES~~

~~Gallop istes maculatus atacamens is Donoso-Barros~~

~~1960 Callopistes maculatus atacamens is Donoso-Barros j Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., 55: 49 pi. 2. Type-locality: Rocky coast of Caldera, Ctiile.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal area near beach, Copiapo Province, Chile.~~

~~Gallop istes maculatus mann i Donoso-Barros~~

~~i960 Callopistes maculatus mann i Donoso-Barros, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., 5$: 47, pi. 2. Type- locality: Quebradas de Raposo, southern Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Antofagasta, Chile. 90 REPTILIA: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE '^ ^ CELESTUS~~

~~CELESTUS Gray~~

1835 Ceiestus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2; 288. Type-species: Celestus striatus Gray. 1839 Microlepis Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2: 334. Type-species: Microlepis undulata Gray. Oneyda Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 118. 1845 Type-species: Diploqlossus Qwen i i Duméril and Bibron.

~~1861 S iderolamprus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1860: 368. Type-species: S iderolamprus enneaqrammus Cope.~~

~~1862 Panolopus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1861: 454. Type-species: Panolopus costatus Cope.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico to Costa Rica; Antilles.~~

~~Content: Twenty species, only four of which occur within the limits set for this wori<.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. No lateral prefrontals, single median 1. Sin prefrontales laterales, prefrontal mediana prefrontal in contact with supraocular scales única en contacto con escamas supraoculares y and frontal 2 frontal 2 Three prefrontal scales, including median and Tres escamas prefrontales, una mediana y dos two lateral prefrontals, all in contact with laterales, todas en contacto con frontal; frontal; green above, lighter on sides verde arriba más claro a los lados montanus montanus

2. Prefrontal and frontonasal not fused; caudal 2. Prefrontal y frontonasal no fusionado; escamas scales not keeled 3 caudales no guilladas 3 Prefrontal and frontonasal fused; caudal Prefrontal y frontonasal fusionado; escamas scales strongly keeled cyanochlor is caudales fuertemente guilladas c yanochloris

3. Median prefrontal wider than long and in con- J. Prefrontal mediano contacta con dos supra- tact with two supraoculars; no lateral preoculares, más ancho gue largo; no hay prefrontals; two dorsolateral light stripes frontales laterales; dos cintas claras dorso-

at itlanens is laterales at i tlanens is Median prefrontal as long as wide and in con- Prefrontal mediano contacta sólo con el supra- tact only with anterior supraocular; lateral ocular anterior, tan largo como ancho; pre- prefrontals usually present; dorsolateral frontales laterales usualmente presentes! light stripe absent rozellae cintas claras dorsolaterales ausentes- rozellae

~~CELESTUS ATITLANENSIS Smith~~

~~1950 Celestus atitlanensis Smith, in Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I55: I55. Type-locality: Atitlan, Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~CELESTUS CYANOCHLORIS Cope~~

1854 Celestus cyanochloris Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894: 200. Type-locality: Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica. '}8: 2O5. 1556 Celestus chrvsochlorus Taylor ( lapsus for cyanochlor i s ) , Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.,

~~Distribution: Mountains of Heredia Province, central Costa Rica.~~

~~CELESTUS MONTANUS Schmidt~~

~~1533 Celestus montanus Schmidt. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 20: 21. Type-locality: Sierra de Merendon, west of San Pedro, Honduras, 45OO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~CELESTUS ROZELLAE Smith~~

~~1542 Celestus rozellae Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 52: 372. Type-locality: Palenque, Chiapas, Mex ¡CO.~~

~~Distribution: Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico to El Peten, Guatemala, and British Honduras. —~~

~~9L REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ^ j^ j^ CERCOS AURA~~

~~CERCOSAURA Wagler~~

~~I83O Cercosaura Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: I58. Type-species: Cercosaura ocellata Waaler. Emminia 18*5 Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 24. Type-species: Emm in i a ol i vacea Gray.~~

~~Distribution! As for single species.~~

~~Content: One spec ¡es , accord i ng to most recent revision, by Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.. 106. 1552.~~

~~CERCOSAURA OCELLATA Wagler~~

~~IS'^O Cercosaura ocellata Waaler. Nat. Syst. Amph.: I58. Type-locality: "Asia?"~~

~~Distribution! Tropical South America.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Loreal large, undivided 2 1. Loreal grande, no dividido 2~~

~~Loreal horizontally divided bassler I Loreal hor Izontalmente di vi di do bassleri~~

~~2. Midbody scale count 25-3I ocellata 2. Escamas al medio del cuerpo 25-3I ocellata~~

~~Midbody scale count 22-24 peters i Escamas al medio del cuerpo 22-24 peters i~~

~~Cercosaura ocellata ocella ta Wagler~~

184=1 Emminia olivácea Gray^, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 24. Type-locality: Pernambuco, Brazil. 1862 Cercosaura humilis Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 180. Type-locality: Brazil. I'j'i2 Cercosaura ocellata ocellata —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 494.

~~Distribution: Para and Bahia, northern Brazil; Guyana.~~

~~Cercosaura ocellata bassleri Ruibal~~

~~1552 Cercosaura ocellata bassleri Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 455- Type-locality: Rfo Perene, Perene, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian drainage of Peru; Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~Cercosaura ocellata peters i Ruibal~~

~~1552 Cercosaura ocellata peters! Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 457- Type-locality: Santa Maria, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution! Estado do Rio Grande do Sul and Estado de S5o Paulo, Brazil; Provincia Sara,~~

~~Bol I via. 92 , repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * CNEMIDOPHORUS~~

1890 CnemidoDhorus Waqler. Nat. Sysi. Amph.t 154. Type-spec ies! Se£S itiurinus Laurenti. Lacerta sexlineata Linnaeus. 184S Aspidoscelis Fitzinger, Systema Rep-l ilium: 20. Type-species: Type-species: Cnem idophorus liyperythrus 186q Verticaria Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. , 11: 158.

~~Distribution: From Wisconsin in United States to BahfaBlanca in Argentina; absent on Pacific coast of South America.~~

~~Content: 36 species, of which 26 are extral ¡mi tal.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1, Fewer than nine rows of longitudinal ventral 1. Menos de nueve hileras longitudinales de placas alates- -2 ventrales 2 More than nine rows of longitudinal ventral Más de nueve hileras longitudinales de placas plates- vent rales- 6

~~Frontonasal entero 2. Frontonasal entire 3 2. 3 Frontonasal divided motaguae Frontonasal dividido ""^^aquae~~

4 3- Parietales e i nterparietales suman tres 3. With one interparietal and two parietals 4 With one interparietal and four parietals 5 escudos Parietales e interparietales suman cinco escudos 4. Three supraoculars "~9 5 anqusticeps Four supraoculars , „ , . a 4. Supraoculares tres y Supraoculares cuatro ^"^"^^'"P^ 5. Nostril within nasal suture lemniscatus Nostril anterior to nasal suture- ocell if er 5. Abertura nasal situada entre la sutura lemn iscatus 6. Enlarged plates on forelimb 7 Abertura nasal situada anteriormente a la No enlarged plates on forelimb mur inus sutura ocellif er

~~7. With more than two supraoculars 8 g. Placas braquiales agrandadas 7 With two supraoculars vi ttatus Placas braquiales no agrandadas murinus~~

Con ma's de dos supraoculares 8. Supraoculars completely separated from other 7- TT":"^ Con dos supraoculares '^'"^^"^ dorsal head scales by circle of granular icaudus long •, „ , , scales , x j. una „^ . J u 8. Supraoculares rodeados completamente por completely isolated by • Supraoculars not . T, , ^ , i j hilera de grínulos— -- long icaudus granular scales, latter oily present ¿oster- Supraoculares con una hi lera de granulos salo iorly and on external border lacertoides ' en la porción posterior y en el borde externo-

j. • l acertoides , j i T by1, one« 9. Frontoparietals separated from parietals -— cozumela or more accessory scales ^^ Frontoparietales separados de los parietales parietals Frontoparietals in contact with p^^. ^^^^ ^ ^g^ escudos accesorios — cozumela deppi I Frontoparietales en contacto con los parietales deppi i

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS ANGUSTICEPS Cope~~

~~I877 Cnemidophorus anqusticeps Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, I7: 95- Type-locality: Yucatin.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Yucatán Peninsula south to central El Peten, Guatemala and British Honduras.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( anqusticeps Cope) extralimita!.~~

~~Cnemidophorus anqusticeps oetenensis Beargie and McCoy~~

~~fig. 3a-b. 1964 Cnemidophorus anqusticeps petenensis Beargie and McCoy, Copeia, 1964: 565, Type-locality: La Libertad, El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~Honduras. Distribution: El Peten, Guatemala and Belize district of British I~~

~~93 CNEMIDOPHORUS~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS COZUMELA Gadow~~

1506 Cnem idophorus deppe i var. cozumela Gadow, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I5O6: JlS. Type-locality: Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Mexico. 1562 Cnem idophorus cozumelus — McCoy and Maslin, Copeia, I562: 620.

~~Distribution: Caribbean lowlands from Veracruz to Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( rodeck i McCoy and Maslin, from Mujeres Island) extral im i tal, according to the most recent revision by McCoy and Maslin, Copeia, I562, 620.~~

~~Cnem i dophorus cozumela cozumela Gadow~~

~~1562 Cnem idophorus cozumelus cozumelus — McCoy and Maslin, Copeia, 1562: 621.~~

~~Distribution: Yucatán and Quintana Roo, including offshore islands, to El Retén, Guatemala.~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS DEPPI Wiegmann~~

~~1830 Cnem idophorus Deppii Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 28. Type-locality: Mexico.~~

~~Distribution; Northern Veracruz and Michoacán south to Costa Rica, including Isla de Cozumel and Isla Mujeres, Yucatán.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( i nf ernal is Duellmen and Wellman) extral im i tal.~~

~~Cnem i dophorus depp i i depp i i Wiegmann~~

1860 Cnemidophorus deceml i neatus Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1860: 482. Type- locality: Nicaragua. I877 Cnemidophorus lativittis Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, I7: 5** Type-locality: Juchitán, Tehuantepec, Mexico.

1894 Cnemidophorus alfaronis Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1854: I55. Type-locality: San Mateo, Costa Rica. 1531 Cnemidophorus deppii deppii — Burt. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 154: 56. 1535 Cnemidophorus deppei oliqoporus Smith. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: 26. Type- locality: Pérez, Veracruz, Mexico.

~~1560 Cnem i dophorus deppe i deppe i — Ouellman and Wellman, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., Ill: 24, figs, lla-c, pi. 1, top fig.~~

~~Distribution: On Pacific slope from Michoacán, Mexico, to Costa Rica; Atlantic slope in Veracruz, Mexico and Honduras.~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS LACERTOIDES Dumir i 1 and Bibron~~

~~835 Cnem i dophorus lacerto i des Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= 13^' Type-locality: Montevideo, Uruguay.~~

~~845 Cnemidophorus lacert i no ides Gray (in error for lacerto i des ) . Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 22. Type- locality: Montevideo, Uruguay (although Gray wrote "Chile", it is in error for Uruguay).~~

865 Cnem i dophorus qrandens i s Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11: I58. Type-locality: Rio Grande, Brazil. 857 Cnemidophorus leachi Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Torino, 12 (274): 6. Type-locality: San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Argentina. 566 Cnem idophorus lacerto ides — Gallardo, Neotropica, 12: 24.

~~Distribution: Uruguay; from southern Buenos Aires Province through northern Argentina to southern Brazil.~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS LEMNISCATUS (Linnaeus)~~

~~I7S8 Lacerta Lemniscata Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 2O5. Type-locality: Guinea; probably in error for Guiana. 1835 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus — Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5: I23.~~

~~Distribution: Central America from Guatemala to northern South America east of Andes, including many offshore islands. Content: Three subspecies. 94 CNEMIDOPHORUS~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Some colors other than black on body 2 !• No hay melanismo- 2 Body uniformly black n iqricolor Con melanismo generalizado n iqr icolor~~

2. Sides with large rounded spots; femoral 2. Lados con manchas grandes, poros femorales pores 27-33 arubensis 27-33 arubens is Sides unspotted or with very few small Lados con manchas pequeñas o ausentes; spots; femoral pores I5-29- lemn iscatus poros femorales 15-25 lemn iscatus

~~Cnem i dophorus lemn i scatus lemn i scatus (Linnaeus)~~

1768 Seps caeruleus Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 63. Type-local ity: America. 1785 Lacerta caerulescens Bonaterre, Tabl. Ency. Meth. Quad. Ovip.: 46. Type-locality: Unknown. 1802 Lacerta coeruleo-cephala Sonnini and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., 1: 242, pl. 221, fig. 3. Type-locality: Brazil. 1820 Te ius cyaneus Merrem, Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum: 6I. Type-locality: Tropical South

~~Amer i ca.~~

?1825 T.|_ e i us j cyanomelas Wied, Beitrage zur Naturgesch ichte von Brazilien, 1: 180. Type- locality: Mucurf, Brazil. 18'^8 Ameiva lineata Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1: 278. Type-locality: Unknown. I845 Cnem idophorus scutata Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 21. Type-locality: Unknown. 188S Cnemidophorus espeuti Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 362, pl. I5. Type-locality: Old Providence Island, Colombia.

~~1915 Cnem i dophorus lemn i scatus qa i qe i Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 16: 1. Type- locality: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.~~

~~1919 Cnem i dophorus lemn i scatus lemn i scatus — Beebe, Zoológica, 2: 212.~~

1928 Cnem i dophorus lemn i scatus ruatanus Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 10: 60. Type- locality: Coxen Hole, Ruatan, Bay Islands of Honduras. 1931 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus — Burt, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 154: JO.

Distribution: Lowlands of tropical South America and Central America; and on following Caribbean Islands; Trinidad, Tobago, Pato, Margarita, Coche, Cubagua, Old Providence, St. Thomas, Swan, and Milford.

~~Cnemidophorus lemn iscatus arubens is (Van Lidth)~~

1887 Cnemidophorus arubensis Van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., 9= 132. Type-locality: Aruba, Dutch West Indies. 1940 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus arubensis-—Hummelinck, Studies Fauna Curajao, Aruba, Bonaire, Venez. Islands, 1: 85, pl. I3.

~~Distribution: Aruba Island.~~

~~Cnemi dophorus lemn iscatus ni gr icolor (Peters)~~

1873 Cnemidophorus niqricolor Peters, Sitz. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1873= 76« Type- locality: Los Roques Island, Venezuela. 1931 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus niqricolon—Burt, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 154: 40.

~~Distribution: Restricted to Los Roques Archipiélago; Aves, Orchila and Blanquilla Islands.~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS LONGICAUDUS (Bell)~~

~~1843 Ameiva lonqicauda Bell. Zool. Voyage Beagle, Rept.: 28, pl. I5, fig. 1. Type-locality: Bahía~~

~~Blanca, Argent i na.~~

~~1845 Cnem i dophorus lonq i caudus — Gray, Cat, Liz. Brit. Mus.: 21.~~

~~I869 Cnem i dophorus m ult i 1 i neatus Philippi, Arch, fur Naturg., 35^ ^l- Type-locality: Mendoza,~~

~~Argent i na.~~

~~1966 Cnem i dophorus lonqicauda — Gallardo, Neotropica, 12: 24, fig. 2.~~

~~Distribution: Northern Argentina. 95 CNEMIDOPHORUS~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS MOTAGUAE Sackett~~

~~1941 Cnemidophorus motaquae Sackett, Notulae Naturae, 77= 1> figs. I-3. Type-locality: Motagua River, Zacapa, Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico to Guatemala, Salvador, and Honduras.~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS MURINUS (Laurenti)~~

~~1768 Seps murinus Laurenti. Synopsin Reptilium: 63. Type-locality: Java; based on figure in Seba, vol. 2, pi. 105, fig. 2.~~

~~1830 Cnemidophorus mur i nus—Waqler. Nat. Syst. Ampii.: IJ*.~~

~~Distribution: Curacao and Bonaire Islands.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Femoral pores fewerthan 'ji- murinus 1. Poros femorales menos de 3* murinus~~

~~Femoral pores more than 35 ruthven i Poros femorales mis de 35 ruthven i~~

~~Cnemi dophorus murinus murinus (Laurenti)~~

I855 Cnem ¡dophorus min imus Cope ( incorrect spelling for murinus ) , Se i . Bull. Phila. Mus., 1: 5' 1940 Cnemidophorus murinus murinug—Hummelinck, Studies Fauna Curajao, Aruba, Bonaire, Venez. Islands, 1: 85.

~~Distribution: Found only on Curasao and Klein Curajao Islands.~~

~~Cnem ¡dophorus muri nus ruthven i Burt~~

~~19?5 Cnemidophorus murinus ruthveni Burt, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 32*: 1. Type- locality: Seroe Grandi, Bonaire Island.~~

~~Distribution: Bonaire and Klein Bonaire Islands.~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS OCELLIFER (Spix)~~

1825 Teius ocellifer Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 23, pi. 25. Type-locality: Bah¡a, Brazil. 1862 Cnemidophorus Hyqomi Reinhardt and Lütken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 3 ( I86I) 231. Type-locality: Marium, Braz¡l. 1877 Cnemidophorus ocellifer—Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 18]]'- 414. 1960 Cnemidophorus ocellifer — Hellmich, Abh. Bayerischen Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., new ser., 101: 72. Distribution: Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay.

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS VITTATUS Boulenger~~

~~1902 Cnemidophorus vittatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 10: 400. Type-locality: Paratani, Bol¡v¡a, 2500 m.~~

~~D ¡str i but ion: Known only from type locality. I~~

~~95 , repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * * * COLEODACTYLUS~~

~~COLEODACTYLUS Parker~~

~~1526 Coleodactylus Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 17= 258. Type-species: Sphaerodactylus meridi - onalis Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil and Guyana. Content: Four species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales smooth 2 1. Escamas dorsales lisas 2 Dorsal scales keeled amazon ¡cus Escamas dorsales qui liadas amazonicus~~

2. Número de escamas ventrales mayor que 40 2. More than 40 ventral scales 3 3 Fewerthan 40 ventral scales qu imaraes i ^ Numerom' dej escamas ventralesin no mayor dej 40«n — qu i maraes i 3. Snout rounded; sheath of claw formed dorsally by a single scale brachystoma 3- Hocico romboidal; vaina de la uña formada dor- Snout pointed; sheath of claw formed dorsally salmente por una escama brachystoma by three scales mer idionalis Hocico puntiagudo; vaina de la uña formada doi— salmente por tres escamas meridional is

~~COLEODACTYLUS AMAZONICUS (Andersson)~~

1918 Sphaerodactylus amazonicus Andersson. Ark. for Zool., 11 (16): 1. Type-locality: Lago Poraquécuare, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. 1928 Coleodactylus zernyi Wettstein, Zool. Anz., 76; 110, fig. 1. Type-locality: Taperinha, Santarem, Para, Brazil. 19'^7 Coleodactylus amazonicug—Vanzollni, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. S3o Paulo, I3: 6, fig. 2.

~~Distribution: Amazon Basin in Brazil; French Guiana, Guyana; Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.~~

~~COLEODACTYLUS BRACHYSTOMA (Amaral)~~

193*) Homonota brachystoma Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 9: 254, fig. 8. Type-locality: Cana Brava, Golas, Brazil. 1939 Sphaerodactylus pfrimeri Miranda-Ribeiro, Campo, 1937» '^^'- *6. Type-locality: Rio Las Palmas, Goiás, Brazil. 19*57 Coleodactylus brachystoma —Vanzplini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 13: 4, fig. 4.

~~Distribution: Estado de Goiás, Brazil.~~

~~COLEODACTYLUS GU IMARAES Vanzollni~~

~~1957 Coleodactylus quimaríesi Vanzollni, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sio Paulo, I3: 8. Type-locality: Pftrto Velho, Territorio de RondSnia, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~COLEODACTYLUS MERIOIONALIS (Boulenger)~~

1888 Sphaerodactylus meridionalis Boulenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 2: 40. Type-locality: Igaraju, Pernambuco, Brazil. 1926 Coleodactylus meridionalis—Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I7: 3OO. 1957 Coleodactylus meridionalis —Vanzollni, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. SSo Paulo, 13: 2, fig. 1.

~~Distribution: Guyana, southern Venezuela, and northern Brazil. 97_ . repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * 'At * COLEONYX~~

~~COLEONYX Gray~~

~~1845 Coleonyx Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 16: 162. Type-species: Coleonyx eleqans Gray. 1863 Brachvdactvlus Peters (preoccupied by Brachydactylus Smith, I835), Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,~~

~~I863: 41. Type-species: Brachydactylus m i tratus Peters.~~

~~Distribution; Southwestern North America and Central America.~~

~~Content: Twelve species and subspecies, all but two of which are extral im ¡ tal.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Claws on digits completely hidden by termi- 1. Uña de los dígitos completamente oculatas en nal sheath eleqans vainas terminales eleqans Claws on digits extended beyond terminal Uña de los dígitos extendidas desde la vaina sheath, clearly visible mi tratus y claramente visibles mi tratus

~~COLEONYX ELEGANS Gray~~

~~1845 Coleonyx eleqans Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) I6: I63. Type-locality: Belize, British Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico to Honduras and Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( nemoralis Klauber) extral imi tal.~~

~~Coleonyx eleqans eleqans Gray~~

I85I G fymnodactylusl scapularis A. Dumlril, in Duméril, Bibron, and Dumlril, Cat. Method. Coll. Kept. Mus. hnst. Nat. Paris; 45- Type-locality: Peten, Guatemala; restricted by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, 1950, 3I8, to La Libertad, Guatemala. I856 Gymnodactylus coleonyx A. Dumlril (substitute name for Coleonyx eleqans Gray), Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 8: 483. 1945 Coleonyx eleqans eleqang—Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 10: IJl-

~~Distribution: From southern Mexico (central Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatán, Chiapas, Quintana Roo), southward to Honduras and northern Guatemala.~~

~~COLEONYX MITRATUS (Peters]~~

I863 Brachydactylus mi tratus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 42. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 1885 Eublepharis dovii Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1; 233. Type-locality: Panama. Nat. Hist., 12: I94. 1928 Coleonyx m i tratus — Schm idt. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Sci. I6, fig. 1. igSo Coleonyx m i tratus —Baylor. Univ. Kansas Bull., 38:

~~Distribution: El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. .~~

~~98 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ^ ^ COLOBODACTYLUS~~

~~COLOBODACTYLUS Amaral~~

~~(l532): 7O. Type-species: Colobodactylus taunayi 1533 Colobodactylus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 Amaral~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~COLOBODACTYLUS TAUNAYI Amaral~~

~~iqSS Colobodactylus taunayi Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1532): 7O, figs. 41-45. Type-locality: Iguape, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Estado de Sao Paulo, Estado de Santa Catarina, and Queimada Grande Island, Brazil. — —~~

~~99_ repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE -^ -^ COLOBOSAURA~~

~~COLOBOSAURA Boulenger~~

1862 Perodactvlus Reinhardt and Lütken (preoccupied by Perodactylus Fitzinger, 1843), Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 3 (l86l): 218. Type-spee ies: Perodactylus medestus Reinhardt and Lütken. 1887 Colobosaura Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., J: 5O8. Type-species: Perodactylus modestus Reinhardt and Lütken.

~~Distribution: Brazil and Paraguay.~~

~~Content: Three species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Two pairs of enlarged postmental scales— 2 1. Dos pares de escudos posmentales agrandados 2 Three pairs of enlarged postmental Tres pares de escudos posmentales agrandados— scales- mental is — mental Is

2. Interparietal tan ancho como los parietales .,, •,! uj -ill T-- '^ 2. Interparietal as broad as parietals kraepel in 1 , . . r c __ , kraepel 1 n 1 Interparietal narrower than parietals modesta Interparietal estrechado, mas angosto que parietales- modesta

~~COLOBOSAURA KRAEPELINI (Werner)~~

~~I'jlO Perodactylus Kraepelini Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 2] (2): 32. Type-locality: Puerto Max, Paraguay.~~

~~1933 Colobosaura kraepelini —Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, ] (1932): 7I.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~COLOBOSAURA MENTAL IS Amaral~~

~~1933 Colobosaura mentalis Amaral. Mem, Inst. Butantan, ] (l932): 72, figs. 46-50. Type-locality: Villa Nova (= Senhor do Bonfim), Bahía, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution; Known only from type locality.~~

~~COLOBOSAURA MODESTA (Reinhardt and Lütken)~~

1862 Perodactvlus modestus Reinhardt and Lütken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 3 (I86I): 218, pi. 15, figs. 7> 7a-e. Type-locality: Morro da Careza, north of Cúrvelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1887 Colobosaura modesta —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 5O8.

~~Distribution: Minas Gerais and Bah'a, Brazil. 100 repulía: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE * * * COLOPTYCHON~~

~~COLOPTYCHON Tihen~~

~~1949 Coloptvchon Tihen, Amer. Midi. Nat., 41: 584. Type-species: Gerrhono-tus rhombifer Peters.~~

~~Distribution; As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~COLOPTYCHON RHOMBIFER (Peters)~~

~~1877 Gerrhonotus rhombifer Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 187?! 258. Type-locality: Chiriquij Panama. 1949 Coloptvchon r hombifer—Tihen. Amer. Midi. Nat., 41; 585, figs. 2-3.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. L~~

~~101 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * ** CORYTOPHANES Prepared by Clarence J. McCoy, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania~~

~~CORYTOPHANES Boie~~

~~1827 Corytophanes Boie, in Schlegel, Isis von Oken, 20: 25O. Type-species: Aqama crista ta Merrem. I83O Corythophanes Wagler (emendation of Corytophanes Boie), Syst. Amph.: 151-~~

~~IB3I Chamaeleops i s Wieqmann» in Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 5' *5' Type-species: Chamaeleops Is Hernandesii Wiegmann.~~

~~Distribution: Central Veracruz and San Luis Potosí, Mexico, to northwestern Colombia.~~

~~Content; Three species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Occipital crest continuous with body crest 2 1. Cresta occipital continua con cresta del cuerpo Occipital crest not continuous with body crest, 2~~

~~interrupted on neck hernandes i i Cresta occipital descontinua con cresta del~~

~~cuerpo, interrumpida en el cuello — hernandes i i 2, Occipital crest not projecting beyond end of casque; upper head scales keeled or rugose 2. Cresta occipital sin prolongación nucal; esca-~~

percar I na tus mas dorsales de la cabeza quilladas Occipital crest projecting beyond end of percar ina tus casque; upper head scales smooth cr istatus Cresta occipital prolongada en la nuca; escamas dorsales de la cabeza lisas cr istatus

~~CORYTOPHANES CRISTATUS (Merrem)~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands and foothills from central Veracruz, Mexico, to Chocó and Magdalena Valle of northwestern Colombia.~~

~~CORYTOPHANES HERNANDES I I (Wiegmann)~~

in I83I Chamaeleops isI s HernandHernandesies i i Wiegmann,W in Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 5' *5' Type-locality; Mexico; restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I55, I95O, 6?.

~~i i i I837 Corythophanes chamaeleops i s Duméril and Bibron (substitute name for Chamaeleops s Hernandes Wiegmann), Erp. Gen., 4: 175»~~

~~I856 Corythophanes Hernandez! i — ichtenste i n. Nomenclátor Reptilium et Amphibiorum Musei Zoologici~~

~~Berol i nens i s: 8.~~

~~I874 Corythophanes mex icanus Bocourt (substitute name for Chamaeleops i s Hernandes i i Wiegmann), Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 122, pi. I7, fig. 1.~~

~~1560 Corythophanes Hernandez I i —Alvarez del Toro, Reptiles de Chiapas: 84, two figs.~~

~~Distribution: Atlantic foothills and lowlands from central Veracruz, Mexico, southward through Guatemala.~~

~~CORYTOPHANES PERCARINATUS Duméril~~

I856 Corytophanes percarlnatus Duméril, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 8: 5I8, pi. 20, fig. '}-3^, Type- locality: Ascuintla in Central America, 3O leagues from Guatemala; = Escuintla, Guatemala, according to Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122, I563, 67. 1562 Corytophanes percarlnatus — Mertens, Abh. Senck. Naturforsch. Ges., 487; ^^i P^- 1^, fig. 71-

Distribution: Foothills from the isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, to El Salvador. Boulenger's record from "Ecuador (7)" (Catalogue of Lizards, 2, 1885, IO3) requires verification. 102 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * * * CROCODILURUS

~~CROCODILURUS Spix~~

~~182S Crocod ilurus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: I5. Type-species: Crocodilurus amazonicus Spix.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana and Amazonian Basin of Brazil.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~CROCODILURUS LACERT I NUS (Oaudin)~~

1802 Tupinambis lacertinus Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3- 85. Type-locality; Islands adjacent to tropical South America. 182^ Crocodilurus amazonicus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.! 15> pi. 21. Type-locality: Rio SolimSes, near Sao Paulo de Olivenya, Brazil. 182*^ Crocodilurus ocellatus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 20, pi. 22, fig. 1. Type-locality: Rio SolimOes, Brazil. I835 Crocodilurus Lacertinus-—Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5' *6:.

~~Distribution; Guianas; Amazonian Basin of Brazil. 103 repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE ÍC Í^ Í^ CTENOBLEPHARIS~~

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS Tschudi~~

~~184S C-tenoblepharys Tschudi, Arch, für Naturg., 11: I58. Type-spec Íes: Ctenoblepharvs adspersa~~

Tschud i . 1885 Ctenoblephar is —Boulenger (valid emendation of Ctenoblepharys Tschudi), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 136. 1860 Helocephalus Philippi, Reise durch die Wljste Atacama: 167- Type-species: Helocephalus n iqr iceps

~~Ph il ipp i .~~

~~Distribution: Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina.~~

~~Content: Six species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Dorsal scales larger than ventrals; more than 1. Escamas dorsales mayores que los ventrales; más 55 scales around middle of body 2 de 55 escamas al medio del cuerpo 2 Dorsal scales smaller than ventrals; fewer than Escamas dorsales menores que ventrales; menos 55 scales around middle of body 3 de 55 escamas al medio del cuerpo 3

2. Escama timpánica ausente; escamas dorsales 2. Tympanic scale absent; dorsal scales smooth, lisas, no deprimidas; escamas vertebrales not depressed; vertebral scales weakly keeled; débilmente quilladas; escamas de miembros

scales on legs keeled lames i quilladas james i Tympanic scale present; dorsal scales smooth, Escama timpánica presente; escamas dorsales depressed centrally; vertebral scales not lisas, deprimidas centralmente, escamas verte-

~~keeled; scales on legs smooth stolzmann i brales no quilladas; escamas de miembros lisas~~

~~stolzmann i~~

~~3. Head scales differentiated 4 J, Escamas cefálicas diferenciadas 4~~

~~Head scales undifferentiated; only inter- Escamas cefálicas i nd if erenc iadas; sólo se parietal is recognizable adspersus reconoce la interparietal adspersus~~

4. Sin cabeza negra; menos de "^0 escamas al medio 4. Head not black; fewer than JO scales around del cuerpo 5 middle of body 5 Cabeza negra; más de 5" escamas al medio del Head black; more than 5O scales around middle cuerpo n iqr iceps

~~of body n i qr iceps 5. Escamas de extremidades lisas; sin parche de 5. Scales on legs smooth; no patch of enlarged escamas agrandadas en el borde posterior del~~

scales on posterior part of thigh schm i dt i muslo schm i dt i Scales on legs keeled; with patch of enlarged Escamas de extremidades quilladas; con parche de scales on posterior part of thigh anomalus escamas agrandadas en el borde posterior del muslo anomalus

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS ADSPERSUS Tschudi~~

~~1845 Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, Arch, für Naturg., 11: I58. Type-locality: Hacienda Acaray, near Huacho, Peru. 1885 Ctenoblepharis adspersus —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I36.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal desert of Peru from Huacho south.~~

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS ANOMALUS (Koslowsky) , new combination~~

~~I856 L iolaemus anomalus Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, ]: 452, pi. 11. Type-locality: Rioja,~~

~~Argent i na.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia de la Rioja, Argentina.~~

~~Comment: The justification for putting this species in this genus has not yet been published, but is in a manuscript prepared by one of us (Oonoso).~~

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS JAMESI Boulenger~~

I85I Ctenoblepharis jamesi Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I83I: 3> pl- Type-locality: Andes of Tarapaca, Chile, 33OO-4OOO m. iqS8 Ctenoblepharis jamesi — Donoso-Barros, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 254, fig. la-c. 1566 Ctenoblepharis jamesi — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 337> c°l' Pl- ^^•

~~Distribution: Andes of Tarapaca above 3OOO m, Chile. 104 CTENOBLEPHARIS~~

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS NIGRICEPS (Philippi)~~

I860 Helocephalus n iqr iceps Philippi, Reise durch die Wüste Atacama: I67, pl-, fig- ?• Type-locality: Pajonal, Atacama, Chile. 1366 Ctenoblephar is niqriceps—Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 335> pl- 25-

~~Distribution: High cordillera of Atacama, Chile.~~

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS SCHMIDTI Marx~~

~~1960 Ctenoblephar is schmidti Marx, Fieldiana: Zool., 35: iO] . Type-locality: Forty mi east of San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Andes of Antofagasta, between Chile and Bolivia.~~

~~CTENOBLEPHARIS STOLZMANNI Steindachner~~

~~1891 Otenoblepharis Stolzmanni Ste indachner. Sitz. Math. -Naturw iss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 50, abt. 1: 255. Type-locality: Highlands of Peru.~~

~~1966 Otenoblepharis stolzmani — Donoso-Barros (emendation of stolzmann i ) , Reptiles de Chile: 3*1» col. pi. 25.~~

~~Distribution: Andes of Peru and Chile; possibly Bolivia. 105 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * * CTENOSAURA~~

~~CTENOSAURA Wiegmann~~

~~1828 Ctenosaura Wiegmann. Isis von Oken, 21: 37I. Type-species: Ctenosaura cycluroides Wiegmann.~~

~~Distribution: Baja California, Mexico, through Central America, including many coastal islands; San Andres and Old Providence Island.~~

~~Content: Five species, only two of which occur within limits of this work.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Median row of dorsal scales distinctly enlarged 1, Hilera medio dorsal de escamas agrandadas y into spiny crest, which occurs from nape to extendidas desde la nuca al término de la end of tail without interruption at sacrum cola, sin interrupción en el sacro s imilis s im il is Hilera medio dorsal de escamas bajas y no Median row of dorsal scales low and interrupted extendidas continuamente desde la nuca al at the sacrum bakeri término de la cola, interrupción sacral presente bakeri

~~CTENOSAURA BAKERI Stejneger~~

~~1901 Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneqer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 23: 46/. Type-locality: Utilla Island, Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Utilla, Bonacca and Reatan Islands, Honduras.~~

~~CTENOSAURA SIMILIS (Gray)~~

I83I Iguana ( Ctenosaura ) S imil is Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, In Griffith, Ouvier's Animal Kingdom, '): 38. Type-locality: none given; restricted to Tela, Honduras, by Bailey, Proc. U. R. Nat. Mus., 73 (12), 1925, 32.

~~1925 Ctenosaura s im i 1 is — Ba iley,, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 73 (l2): 32.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of southern Mexico to sandy beaches of Panama; Old Providence and San Andres~~

~~I slands.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one of which ( mult ipunctata Barbour and Shreve) is extral im i tal.~~

~~Ctenosaura s im i 1 is s im i 1 is (Gray)~~

I874 Ctenosaura completa Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Reptl.: 145» Type-locality: Guatemala and La Union, Salvador; restricted by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., I99, I95O, 73. 1934 Ctenosaura similis similis — Barbour and Shreve, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: I97,

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations from Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, south to Panama.~~

~~369-215 O— 70 s~~

~~106 repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE '^ ^ CUPRIGUANUS~~

~~CUPRIGUANUS Gallardo~~

~~1564 Cupri guanus Gallardo, Neotropica, 10: I27. Type-spec ¡es: Cupr i auanus achalens i s Gallardo.~~

~~Distribution: Central and north central Argentina.~~

~~Content: Four species.~~

~~Key to the speciesl Clave de especiesl~~

1. Six scales in contact with rostral; two scales 1. Seis escamas en contacto con la rostral; dos between nasal and rostral 2 escamas entre la narina y la rostral 2 Three to five scales in contact with rostral; Tres a cinco escamas en contacto con la three scales between nasal and rostral 3 rostral; tres escamas entre la narina y la rostral 3

~~2. Tail less than 3/^ length of body- casuhatiensis 2. Cola menos que 3/* longitud del cuerpo~~

~~Tail more than 3/* length of body, often casuhat i ens i s equally as long scapula tus Cola más que 3/'' longitud del cuerpo; a veces cola y cuerpo de igual longitud scapulatus~~

3. Scales of loreal region granular; venter light; 3- Escamas de la región loreal granulares; dorsal bars distinct; fourth toe on forefoot ventralmente claro; barras dorsales general- equal in length to third araucanus mente bien visibles; el cuarto dedo de la mano Scales of loreal region enlarged; venter green; y el tercero son de igual longitud araucanus dorsal bars indistinct; fourth toe longer than Escamas de la región loreal mayores (medianas);

~~third achalens i s ventralmente verde; barras dorsales oscuras borrosas; el cuarto dedo de la mano algo más~~

~~largo que el tercero achalens i s~~

~~CUPRIGUANUS ACHALENSIS Gallardo~~

~~1564 Cupr iquanus achalens i s Gallardo, Neotropica, 10: 132, fig. 4. Type-locality: Posta de la Pampa de Achala, Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina.~~

~~CUPRIGUANUS ARAUCANUS Gallardo~~

~~1564 Cupr i quanus araucanus Gallardo, Neotropica, 10: I25, figs. 2-3. Type-locality: Laguna Blanca, Neuquén, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia Neuquén, Argentina.~~

~~CUPRIGUANUS CASUHAT lENS IS Gallardo~~

~~1568 Cupriquanus casuhat i ens i Gallardo, Neotropica, 14: 2, fig. Type-locality: Sierra de la Ventana, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Known from type locality and Cerro Tres Picos, Argentina.~~

~~CUPRIGUANUS SCAPULATUS (Burmeister)~~

~~I86I L.[ e iosaurus j scapulatus Burmeister, Reise Durch Die La Plata Staaten, 2: 523- Type-locality: Near Uspallata, Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina. 5OOO ft.~~

I86I L.[^ e iosaurus j mult i punctatus Burmeister, Reise Durch Die La Plata Staaten, 2: 5^4. Type- locality: Near Paramillo, Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina, more than 8000 ft. 196* Cupriouanus scapulatus — Gallardo, Neotropica, 10: 128.

~~Distribution: Sierra de Uspallata, Provincia Mendoza, Argentina.~~

'This key, which was drawn up from the original ^Esta clave, que fue hecha en base a descripciones descriptions, does not work well even with types. originales, no da buenos resultados ni con tipos. Jose Gallardo is preparing a more adequate key. Jose Gallardo esta preparando una clave mas adequada. 107_

~~REPULÍA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE "k "^ Í>C DICRODON~~

~~DICRODON Ouméril and Bibron~~

~~1839 Dicrodon Ouméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= 137' Type-species: Dicrodon qu-ttulatum Dumerll and Bi bron.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal areas of Peru and Ecuador.~~

~~Content: Three species, according to most recent review by Schmidt, Fieldiana: Zool., 39> 1957'~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Posterior dorsal scales granular, small and 1. Escamas dorsales posteriores granulares, juxtaposed 2 pequeñas yuxtapuestas 2 Posterior dorsal scales enlarged, keeled and Escamas dorsales posteriores agrandadas,

~~imbricate heterolep I s guilladas e imbricadas heterolep is~~

~~2. Supraoculars completely surrounded by granular 2. Escudos supraoculares circundados completa-~~

scales holmberq i mente por escuditos granulares holmberq i Supraoculars not completely surrounded by Escudos supraoculares no circundados completa- granular scales gut tulatum mente por escuditos granulares quttulatum

~~DICRODON GUTTULATUM Dumeril and Bibron~~

~~1839 D I crodon quttulatum Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5'- 138- Type-locality: Peru.~~

I892 Cnem i dophorus lent i q inosus Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., 24: ')2, Type-locality: San Francisco de Posorja, Ecuador. I899 Ameiva leucostiqma Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899: 517> pl- 28. Type-locality: Near Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1924 Dicrodon barbouri Noble, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 108. Type-locality: Valley of Rfo Chira, Piura, Peru.

~~Distribution: Dry coastal areas of Ecuador and northern Peru.~~

~~DICRODON HETEROLEPIS (Tschudi)~~

I845 Cnemi dophorus ( Aspidoscelis ) heterolepis Tschudi, Arch.fijr Naturg., 11: I6O. Type-locality: Warm forests on eastern slopes of Andes in Peru. I876 Dicrodon calliscelis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I63. Type-locality: Pacasmayo, Pacific coast of Peru. I89I Cnemi dophorus centropyx Ste indachner, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 6: 37*> pl- 12, figs. I-3. Type-locality: Eastern slope of Andes, Peru.

~~I89I Cnem i dophorus peruanus Ste i ndachner, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 6: 375- Type-locality: Peru.~~

~~I89I Cnemidophorus tumbezanus Ste i ndachner, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 6: 375- Type-locality: Tumbez, Peru. IS^? Dicrodon heterolepis —Burt and Burt, Trans, Acad. Sci, St, Louis, 28: 60,~~

~~Distribution: Coastal areas of southern Peru, according to Schmidt, Fieldiana: Zool., 39> 1957» ^6,~~

~~DICRODON H0LM8ERGI Schmidt~~

~~iq'i? Dicrodon holmberq i Schmidt, Fieldiana: Zool,, 39: 66, figs. 10-11, Type-locality: Chao Valley, L ibertad, Peru,~~

~~Distribution: Chao Valley and adjacent areas, Peru. — i~~

~~108 repulía: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE ^ ^ DIPLOGLOSSUS~~

~~DIPLOGLOSSUS Wiegmann~~

~~T i I834 Di ploglossus Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 36- T ype-spec Íes: i 1 qua fase iatus Gray.~~

~~1845 Camil ia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 118. Type-species: T i 1 iqua jama icens is Gray.~~

~~Distribution: Costa Rica and Panama; Pacific slopes of Colombia and Ecuador; northeastern Brazil;~~

~~Amazon ian Sol i v ia.~~

~~Content: Six species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Frontal in contact anteriorly with one scale — 2 1. Frontal contacta anteriormente con un sólo Frontal in contact anteriorly with two or escudo 2 more scales 4 Frontal contacto anteriormente con dos o mas escudos 4

~~2. Dorsal scales smooth 3~~

~~Dorsal scales keeled monotrop i s 2. Escamas dorsales lisas 3~~

~~Escamas dorsales quilladas monotrop i s~~

3. Fewer than 5O scales around middle of body; 3- Menos de 5O escamas al medio del cuerpo; dorsum with wide transverse bands fase iatus disefio dorsal formado por fajas transversales More than 5O scales around middle of body; anchas fase iatus

~~dorsum with many light spots m i llepunetatus Más de 5" escamas al medio del cuerpo; disefio dorsal mult imaculado de elaro-- m llepunetatus~~

~~4. Two subequal loreals; prefrontal separated from 4. Dos loreales subiguales; prefrontal separado loreals; 37-42 scales around middle of body del loreales; 37"*2 escamas al medio del~~

b i loba tus cuerpo b i loba tus One loreal larger than other; prefrontal in Dos loreales desiguales; prefrontal contacta contact with first loreal; 33"37 scales around con primer loreal; 33"37 escamas al medio middle of body lessonae del cuerpo lessonae

~~DIPLOGLOSSUS BILOBATUS (O 'Shaughnessy)~~

~~1847 C elestus bilobatus 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) 14: 257. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 188S Diploqlossus bilobatua— Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 286.~~

~~iqSS Diploqlossus bilobatu?— Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38: 200, fig. 53.~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean and Pacific slopes of Costa Rica.~~

~~DIPLOGLOSSUS FASCIATUS (Gray)~~

I83I T i 1 iqua Fase iatus Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 9: 71- Type-locality: none given. I834 D iploqlossus fase iatus —Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: [_ j J6.

~~I839 Diploqlossus Houttuyn i i Cocteau, in Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5' 597- Type-locality: Brazil. 1909 Diploqlossus resplendens Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4: 'jO, pi. 4, 2 figs.~~

~~Type-locality: Junction of R'o Kaka and Rio Ben i , eastern Bolivia.~~

~~Distribution: Discontinuous; southeastern coastal Brazil; also Territorio do Acre, Brazil and northeastern Bolivia.~~

~~Comment: The synonymy of resplendens Barbour with fase iatus Gray is made on the authority of Paulo Vanzolini, who has good material of the species available, and who has also examined the~~

~~holotype of resplendens .~~

~~DIPLOGLOSSUS LESSONAE Peracca~~

I89O D i ploglossus Lessonae Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 5 (77)' !• Type-locality: Brazil. 1924 Diploqlossus tenu ifasc iatus Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 13: 585, fig. Type-locality: Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 1958 Diploqlossus lessonae Vanzolini. Pap. Avul. Dept. Zool. Sao Paulo, I3: I79.

~~Distribution: Rio Grande do Norte to Pernambueo in northeastern Brazil. 109 DIPLOGLOSSUS~~

~~DIPLOGLOSSUS M ILLEPUNCTATUS 'Shaughnessy~~

I874 Diploglossus millepunctatus O'Shaughnessyj Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) I3; 3OI. Type-locality: Northwest coast of America. 1528 Celestus hancocki Slevin, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sc i . , I6: 682. Type-locality: Malpelo Island, Colomb ia.

~~Distribution: Endemic to Malpelo Island, Pacific coast of Colombia.~~

~~DIPLOGLOSSUS MONOTROPIS (Kuhl)~~

1820 Scincti? monotropis Kuhl, Beltrage zur Zoologie und vergle ichende Anatomie: 128. Type-locality: unknown, according to Kuhl. I834 Piploglossus — [ J Monotrop ia Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 36. 1833 Til.iqua Jamaicgnsis Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2: 293. Type-locality: Jamaica (in error).

~~Distribution; Costa Rica and Panama; Colombia and Ecuador. no ^^^^ REPTIL lA: SAURlA: IGUANIDAE it: if DIPLOLAEMUS~~

~~DIPLOLAEMUS Bell~~

~~1843 Diplolaemus Bell, Zool. Voyage Beagle, Rept.: I5, pi. 10. Type-species: Diplolaetnus darwinii Bell.~~

~~Distribution: Patagonia, 38° S. to straits of Magellan, Argentina.~~

~~Content; Three species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Pattern formed by brown crossbands containing 1. Diseño dorsal con bandas pardas transversales dark brown spots 2 con manchitas negras 2 Pattern formed by isolated brown spots Oiseflo dorsal con manchas pardas aisladas leopardinas leopard inus

~~2. Head scales convex; dorsal bands butterfly- 2. Escamas cefálicas convexas; bandas dorsales en shaped, interrupted across vertebral line ala de mariposa, interrumpidas en la iTnea~~

darwin i i medio vertebral darwini i Head scales flat; dorsal bands not butterfly- Escamas cefálicas planas; bandas dorsales sin shaped, frequently continuous across vertebral forma de mariposa, frecuentemente contTnuas en

~~line bibroni i la Ifnea med iovertebral bibron i i~~

~~DIPLOLAEMUS BIBRONI I Bell~~

~~1843 Diplolaemus Bibroni i Bell, Zool. Voyage Beagle, Rept.: 21, pi. 11. Type-locality: Puerto Deseado, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Patagonia, from Santa Cruz to Aysén and Magallanes, Argentina.~~

~~DIPLOLAEMUS DARWINI I Bell~~

~~1843 Diplolaemus Darwinii Bell, Zool. Voyage Beagle, Rept.: 20, pi. 10. Type-locality; Puerto Deseado, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution; Patagón ¡a, from Puerto Deseado to straits of Magellan, Argentina.~~

~~DIPLOLAEMUS LEOPARD I NUS (Werner)~~

I858 Liosaurus leopardinus Werner. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geogr. Tiere, 1 (suppl. 4); 249, pi. 13, figs. 1-lb. Type-locality; Santiago, Chile (in error, according to Oonoso-Barros, below). I96S Diplolaemus leopardinus'—Oonoso-Barros, An. Segundo Cong. Latino-Amer. Zool., SSo Paulo, 2; 223, fig. 3.

~~Distribution: Patagonia, in region of Lonquimay valley in Chile and Neuquen, Argentina. S~~

~~m repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * "^ * DRACAENA~~

~~DRACAENA Daudin~~

1802 Dracaena Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 421. Type-species: Dracaena qu lanensis Daudin. 1825 Ada Gray, Ann. Philos., 10 (7): 20. Type-species: Teius crocodilinus Merrem. 18^0 Thorictis Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 153' Type-species: Dracaena quianensis Daudin.

~~Distribution: Amazonian drainage; Mato Grosso and Paraguay.~~

~~Content: Two species, according to most recent revision by Vanzolini and Valencia, Arq. Zool. Dept. Zool. Sao Paulo, I3, 1565 (1566), 7-35.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Single unpaired scale lying posterior to mid- 1. Una escama posterior a sutura entre nasales dorsal suture between nasals paraquayens is paraquayens is Pair of scales on dorsum of snout immediately Un par de escamas posterior a sutura entre behind middorsal suture between nasals nasales qu ianensis qu ianensis

~~DRACAENA GUIANENSIS Daudin~~

1788 Lacerta Dracoena —Lacepede (not of Linnaeus, 175^) Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip., 1: 622. 1802 Dracaena quianensis Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 2; 421, pi. 28. Type-locality: Cayenne (using same specimen seen by Lacepede, I788). 1820 Teius crocodilinus Merrem. Tent. Syst. Amph.: 62. Type-locality: "America meridional!".

~~1966 Dracaena quianensis'—Vanzolini and Valencia, Arq. Zool. Depto. Zool. SSo Paulo, 13 M Qgc\ . j^c figs.~~

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America in Amazonian Basin.~~

~~DRACAENA PARAQUAYENS I Amaral~~

1550 Dracaena paraquayensis Amaral, Copeia: 283- Type-locality: SSo Lourengo, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1966 Dracaena paraquayens i&—Vanzolini and Valencia, Arq. Zool. Depto. Zool. SSo Paulo, 13 (19^5)' H> figs. Distribution: Mato Grosso, Brazil and Paraguay. —

~~112 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ^ ^ 'k 'A ECHINOSAURA~~

~~ECHINOSAURA~~

~~I85O Ech inosaura Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85O: 82. Type-species: Ech inosaura horr ida Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution: As for only known species.~~

~~Content: One species, according to most recent review by Uzzell, Copeia, 1965'~~

~~ECHINOSAURA HÓRRIDA Boulenger~~

~~I85O Echinosaura hórrida Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85O: 83, pi. 10, fig. 1-lc. Type- locality: Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific Ecuador to Panama.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, according to Uzzell, 1565-~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Frontonasal single; frontal undivided, 1. Frontonasal ijn ico; frontal no dividido, short, scarcely longer than wide; dorsum corto, ligeramente más largo que ancho; with two juxtaposed longitudinal rows of dorso con dos hileras longitudinales de

tubercles horr ida tubérculos yuxtapuestos horr i da Frontonasal divided; frontal undivided and Frontonasal dividido; frontal dividido o much longer than wide, or transversely no, y mucho más largo que ancho, cuando divided, two parts together much longer esta dividido las dos partes juntas son than wide; dorsum with longitudinal, más largas que anchas; dorso con hileras usually sinuous or angled, occasionally de pequeñas tubérculos separados entre si straight, rows of tubercles, these sepai por cinco a diez escamitas ' 2 ated by five to ten small scales 2 2. Frontal transversalmente dividido, la 2. Frontal transversely divided, length of two longitud de los dos partes mucho mayor que parts much greater than greatest width; el ancho más grande; inf ralab iales más de

~~infralabials more than 4-5 panamens i s 4-5 panamens i s Frontal undivided, long; infralabials fewer Frontal no dividido, largo; inf ralab iales~~

~~than 4-5 palmer i menos de 4-5 palmer i~~

~~Ech inosaura horr ida horr ida Boulenger~~

~~1565 Ech inosaura horr ida hórrida —Uzzell, Copeia, 1565' ^3-~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern lowlands of Ecuador; Gorgona Island, Colombia.~~

~~Ech i nosaura horr i da palmer i Boulenger~~

1911 Ech inosaura palmer i Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8 (7): 23. Type-locality: Noananoa, R'o San Juan, Chocó, Colombia. 19"" Echinosaura centralis Dunn, Caldasia, 2: 397. Type-locality: Muzo (Humbo), Colombia.

~~1965 Ech inosaura hórrida palmer i —Uzzell, Copeia, 1965= ^5-~~

~~Distribution: Darien, Panama, to Colombia.~~

~~Ech inosaura horr i da panamens i s Barbour~~

~~1924 Ech inosaura panamens is Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 9= 8. Type-locality: La Loma, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama.~~

~~1965 Ech Inosaura horr ida panamens i s —Uzzell, Copeia, 1965= 85.~~

~~Distribution: Chiriqui, Bocas del Toro and Code, Panama. 113 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * ECPLEOPUS~~

~~ECPLEOPUS Duméril and Bibron~~

~~I835 Ecpleopus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5' 43*- Type-species: Ecpleopus Gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~1862 Aspidolaemus Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 155' Type-species; Ecpleopus ( Asp idolaemus ) aff in is Peters.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil and Ecuador.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Loreal absent, anterior supraciliary reaches 1. Loreal ausente; supraciliar anterior alcanza frontonasal; number of scales from occiput to el frontonasal; número de escamas entre~~

sacrum 33 gaud ichaud i i occipucio y sacro 33 gaudichaud i i Loreal present, anterior supraciliary does not Loreal presente; supraciliar anterior no reach frontonasal; number of scales from occi- alcanza el frontonasal; número de escamas

~~i is put to sacrum 46-48 aff n entre occipucio y sacro 46-48 aff i n is~~

~~ECPLEOPUS AFFINIS Peters~~

~~1862 Ecpleopus ( Aspidolaemus ) aff inis Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: I99, pl. 3, fig. 1, la-f. Type-locality: Unknown. 188^ Ecpleopus affinis-—Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 402.~~

~~Distribution: Higher Pacific slopes and intei—Andean valleys, from Ambato south, In Ecuador.~~

~~ECPLEOPUS GAUDICHAUD! I Duméril and Bibron~~

~~1839 Ecpleopus Gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= *36. Type-locality: Brazil. 2: 401. 188S Ecpleopus gaudi chaud i i —Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.,~~

~~Distribution: Brazil. 114 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE *** ENYALIOIDES~~

~~ENYALIOIDES Boulenger~~

~~188'5 Enyalioides Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. IVIus., 2: 112. Type-species: Enyalius heterolepis Socourt.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Central America; nortliwestern South America.~~

~~Content: Seven species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Spines of nuchal crest not isolated from spines 1. Espinas de la cresta nucal no aisladas de on dorsal crest 2 espinas de la cresta dorsal 2 Spines of nuchal crest prominent and completely Espinas de la cresta nucal prominentes y com- isolated from spines on dorsal crest pletamente aisladas de espinas de la cresta is palpebral dorsal palpebral i s

~~2. One or two femoral pores on each side 2. Uno o dos poros femorales a cada lado 3 Three or four femoral pores on each side- Tres o cuatro poros femorales a cada lado 5~~

~~3. Ventrals keeled 4 3. Ventrales guilladas 4 Ventrals smooth or indistinctly keeled Ventrales lisas o indistintamente guilladas~~

~~i praestab 1 is praestab i 1 is~~

4. Dorsal granules very fine, more than sixteen 4. Granulos dorsales muy finos, más de dieciseis between lateral dent iculat ion and dorsal entre dent iculac ion lateral y cresta dorsal crest m icrolep is m icrolep is Dorsal granules larger, fewer than sixteen Granulos dorsales grandes, menos de dieciseis between lateral dent iculat ion and dorsal entre dent iculac ion lateral y cresta dorsal

~~crest oshauqhnessy i oshauqhnessy i~~

~~5. Dorsal scales heterogeneous in size 6 5. Escamas dorsales de tamaleo heterogéneo 6 Dorsal scales homogeneous lat iceps Escamas dorsales homogéneas lat iceps~~

~~6. Larger scales forming two irregular longitudi- 6. Escamas ensanchadas formando dos series longi- series each side of back and irregular nal on tudinales irregulares a cada lado del dorso y~~

vertical series on flanks heterolep i s series verticales irregulares en los flancos — A single series of enlarged scales on each side heterolep is of dorsum m icrolep is Una sola serie de escamas ensanchadas a cada lado del dorso m icrolep is

~~ENYALIOIDES HETEROLEPIS (Bocourt)~~

~~I874 Enyalus heterolepis Bocourt, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, (5) 19 (*)' ^- Type-locality: Veragua, Panama.~~

~~I885 Enyal i o ides heterolep is —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 114.~~

~~1905 Enyalioides insulae Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46: 100. Type-local i ty: Isla de Gorgona,~~

~~Colomb i a. 1911 Enyalioides Mocquardi Despax, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris, 1/: 10. Type-locality: "Ecuador".~~

~~Distribution; Northwestern Ecuador to Panama,~~

~~ENYALIOIDES LAT ICEPS (Guichenot)~~

1855 Enyalus laticeps Guichenot, in Castelnau, Exp. Amér, Sud, Reptiles: 20, pi. 5, figs. A and Type-locality: Fonteboa, Upper Amazon, Brazil. 188'5 Enyalioides la t iceps — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: II3.

~~Distribution: Upper Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies. 115 ENYALIOIDES~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Ventral scales smooth or indistinctly 1. Escamas ventrales lisas o indistintamente keeled — • lat iceps qu i lia das lat Íceos Ventral scales usually strongly keeled Escamas ventrales usualmente fuertemente

~~f es tae qu i liadas f estae~~

~~Enyal io i des lat iceps lat iceps (Cuichenot)~~

IS')') Enyalus planiceps Guichenot, in Castelnau, Exp. Amér. Sud, Reptiles: 21, pl. 6, figs. A-B. Type-locality: Fonteboa, Upper Amazon, Brazil. Enyal ius 1876 coerulescens Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Se i , Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I65. Type- locality: None given; Gansaand Vanzolini, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 33, 1953, I25, pointed out that the type came from the Amazon from Santarem to Peru. I885 Enyal io ides caerulescens Boulenger (invalid emendation of coerulescens Cope), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 112. Enyalioides lat 1930 iceps lat iceps — Burt and Burt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78 (6): 9.

~~Distribution: Upper Amazonian Brazil and Amazonian Ecuador.~~

~~Enyal io ides lat iceps f estae Peracca~~

1897 Enyalioides Festae Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 12 (3OO): 3. Type-locality: Valley of Rfo Santiago, Ecuador. 1931 Enyalioides laticeps festae — Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 266.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Colombia and Ecuador.~~

~~ENYALIOIDES MICROLEPIS (O'Shaughnessy)~~

~~1881 Enyalius microlepis O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 238, pl. 24, fig. 2. Type- locality: Sarayacu, Ecuador.~~

~~I885 Enyal i ides m icrolep is —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: II5.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.~~

~~ENYALIOIDES OSHAUGHNESSY I (Boulenger)~~

~~1881 Enyalius oshaughnessy i Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 246, pl. 26, figs. 1-la. Type- locality: Ecuador.~~

~~1885 Enyalioides oshaughnessy i —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: II5.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador and Colombia.~~

~~ENYALIOIDES PALPEBRAL IS (Boulenger)~~

~~I883 Enyalius palpebralis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I883: 46, pl. 10. Type-locality: Cashiboya, eastern Peru. 2: 1885 Enyal ¡0 ides palpebral i s —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II6.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Peru} Territorio do Acre, Brazil.~~

~~ENYALIOIDES PRAESTABILIS (O'Shaughnessy)~~

1881 Enyalius praestabilis O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 240, pl. 25, fig. 1. Type- locality: Pallatanga and Canelos, Ecuador. 188S Enyalioides praestabilis— Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: II3.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador. 116 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * T^ ENYALIOSAURUS~~

~~ENYALIOSAURUS Gray~~

~~1845 Enyal iosaurus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.; I52. Type-species: Cyclura qu inquecar i nata Gray. 1866 Cachryx Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866: 124. Type-species: Cachryx defensor Cope.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico and Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Four species, of which two ( defensor Cope and c 1 a rk i Bailey) are~~

~~extral i m i tal.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dewlap present; keeled scales on dorsal surface 1. Con papada; escamas quilladas en la superficie of upper arm; central row of caudal spines dorsal del brazo; espinas caudales de hilera~~

smaller than lateral spines palear i s central menores que espinas latera Íes- pal ear is Dewlap absent; smooth scales on dorsal surface Sin papada; escamas lisas en la superficie of upper arm; central row of caudal spines dorsal de brazo; espinas caudales de hilera equal in size to lateral spines central de igual tamaño que espinas laterales-

~~qu inquecar i na tus quinquecarinatus~~

~~ENYALIOSAURUS PALEARIS (Stejneger)~~

~~ISqq Ctenosaura palearis Stejneqer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 21: 381. Type-locality: Gualan, Guatemala. —Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 155: 76. iq'iO [En yaliosaurus J palearis~~

~~Distribution: Low elevations of valley of Río Motagua, Guatemala; Aguan Valley of Honduras.~~

~~ENYALIOSAURUS QUINQUECARINATUS (Gray)~~

~~None given; restricted 1842 Cyclura qu inquecar i nata Gray, Zoological Miscellany: 59- Type-locality: to Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, by Bailey, Proc. U.S Nat. Mus., 73, 1528, 43.~~

~~1845 Enyal i osaurus qu i nquecar i nata —Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I52.~~

Distribution: Lowlands of southern Oaxaca; Matagalpa region of Nicaragua; Honduras. U7 repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE **** ENYALIUS Prepared by Richard Etheridge, San Diego State College, San Diego, California

~~ENYALIUS Wagler~~

~~18^0 Enyalius Waaler. Nat. Syst. Amphib.: I5O. Type-species: Aqama catenata Wied. 18^7 Enyalus Dumlril and Bibron (in error for Enyalius Waaler). Erp. Gen., Í: 231.~~

~~I843 Dryoph i lus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: I6. Type-species: Enyal ius b i 1 i neatus Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~Distribution: Forested areas in eastern Soutli America.~~

~~Content; Seven species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. All subdigital lamellae distinctly keeled; 1. Todas las lámelas subdigitales distintamente distal four or five lamellae without median guilladas; las cuatro o cinco lámelas distales groove, or groove obscured by keels 2 sin surco medio o con surco disimulado por las

All subdigital lamellae smooth, or some with qu i Has 2 one or two indistinct keels; distal four or Todas las lámelas subdigitales lisas o algunas five lamellae of each digit with median, de ellas con una o dos quillas ind if erenciadas;

~~long i tud i nal groove 3 las cuatro o cinco lámelas distales de cada dígito con un surco longitudinal medio 3~~

~~2. Dorsal head scales, including those on snout, 2. Escamas dorsales de la cabeza, incluyendo las distinctly keeled; condition of vertebral del hocico, distintamente guilladas; condición~~

crest unknown leech i i de la cresta vertebral desconocida leech i I Scales on snout smooth, other dorsal head Escamas del hocico lisas, las demás escamas scales smooth or keeled; vertebral crest dorsales de la cabeza lisas o guilladas;

~~present bras i 1 i ens i s cresta vertebral presente bras i 1 i ens i s~~

3. Tail less than 2.5 times snout-vent length; no 3. Longitud de la 'cola menos de 2.5 veces la del elongate subocular; no longitudinal stripes on hocico-ano; sin subocular alargada; sin cintas belly 4 longitudinales en el vientre 4 Tail more than 2.5 times snout-vent length; Longitud de la cola más de 2.5 veces la del usually elongate subocular; belly with three hocico-ano; subocular generalmente alargada;

~~longitudinal dark stripes b II i neatus vientre con tres cintas longitudinales oscuras bill neatus~~

~~4. Ventral scales smooth 5 4. Escamas ventrales lisas 5 Ventral scales keeled 6 Escamas ventrales guilladas 6~~

5. Tail more than twice as long as snout-vent 5. Longitud de la cola más del doble que la del length; not more than 60 scales in vertebral hocico-ano; no más de 60 escamas en cresta crest between occiput and anterior margin of vertebral entre el occipucio y el margen ante- thigh; both sexes marked with wide crossbands- rior del muslo; ambos sexos marcados con ban-

p ictus das transversales anchas p i ctus Tall less than twice as long as snout-vent Longitud de la cola menos del doble que la del length; more than 60 scales in vertebral hocico-ano; más de 60 escamas en cresta verte- crest; females not with wide crossbands (males bral; hembras sin bandas transversales anchas

~~not known) b i bron i i (machos desconoc i dos) b i bron i I~~

~~6. Tail not autotomic, caudal scales not in regu- 6. Cola no autotómica, escamas caudales no en seg- lar segments; adpressed hind limb reaches mentos regulares; miembro posterior extendido~~

~~about to middle of orbit iher ing i i hacia adelante llega hasta la mitad de la~~

Tail autotomic, caudal scales In regular seg- órb i ta iher inq I i ments with five or six dorsal and three Cola autotómica, escamas caudales en segmentos ventral scales per segment; adpressed hind regulares con cinco o seis escamas dorsales y limb reaches beyond tip of snout catenatus tres ventrales por segmento; extremidad posterior extendida hacia adelante llega más allá de la punta del hocico catenatus

~~ENYALIUS BIBRONI I Boulenger~~

~~1885 Enyal ius Bibroni i Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: II5. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Bahia, Linhares, and Espirito Santo, Brazil. 118 ENYALIUS~~

~~ENYALIUS BILINEATUS Dumlril and Bibron~~

~~1837 Enyalus bilineatus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., 4: 234. Type-locality: Brazil.~~

~~Distribution! Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, Brazil.~~

~~ENYALIUS BRAS III ENS IS (Lesson), new combination~~

~~1828 Lophyrus brasiliensis Lesson, Voyage Coqu i lie, Rept.: 32, pl- 1> fig- 3- Type-locality: Santa Catarina, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Southeastern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay.~~

~~ENYALIUS CATENATUS (Wied)~~

~~1821 Aqama catenata Wied, Reise nach Brasil, 2: 247. Type-locality: Cabeja do Bo i , Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~I825 Lophyrus Rhomb i f er Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 9> pl- H- Type-locality: Rio Solimoens, Brazil.~~

I825 Lophyrus margar i taceus Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 10, pi. 12, fig. 1. Type-locality: Bahia and Rio Solimoens, Brazil. I825 Lophyrus albomax illar is Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 11, pi. I3, fig. 2. Type-locality: Rio de Janeiro and Para, Brazil. tus — Nat. Syst. Amphib.: I5O. I83O [ Enyalius ] catena Waaler.

i in ?1831 Oph .]^yessa J ( Pl ica ) Braz il iens s Gray (not of Lesson), Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 5- *0. Type-locality: Brazil. 18^8 Enyalius catenatus paulista Ihering, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 45: 102. Type-locality: Sao Paulo, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Eastern Brazil, from Pernambuco south to Santa Catarina~~

~~ENYALIUS IHERINGI I Boulenger~~

~~188=^ Enyalius Iheringii Boulenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 15= l?^. Type-locality: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.~~

~~1885 Enyalius i her i nq i i —Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 120, pl. ].~~

~~Distribution: Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Paulo south to Rio Grande do Sul.~~

~~ENYALIUS LEECHII (Boulenger). new combination~~

~~188S Enyalioides leechii Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 473, Type-locality: Santarem, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~ENYALIUS PICTUS (Wied), new combination~~

182S Agama picta Wied, Abbildungen zur Naturgesch ich te Brasiliens: I25. Type-locality; Mucuri and Lago d''Arara, Bahia, Brazil. 1926 Enyalius zonatus Wettstein. Anz. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 63: 1. Type-locality: Ecuador.

~~Distribution: Known definitely only from near mouth of Rio Mucur' in extreme southeastern Bahia, Brazil. U9 repulía: SAURIA: SCINCIDAE -k ÍC ÍIC EÜMECES~~

~~EUMECES Wiegmann~~

1834 Eumeces Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 36. Type-species; Se incus pay imentatus Geoffrey. 1835 Plest iodon Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5: 657- Type-species: Plestiodon Aldrovandii Dumlrii and Bibron. 1843 Pariocela Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-species: Plestiodon laticeps Duméril and B ibron. 1845 Cyprius Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 91. Type-species: Plest iodon auratus Schneider. I852 Lamprosaurus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852: 206. Type-species: Lamprosaurus quttulatus Hallowell. I854 Eurylep is Blyth, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 23: 739' Type-species: Eurylepis taeniolatus Blyth. Platvpholis Duges, La Naturaleza 1: I89I (2) 3, pi. 23. Type-species: Eumeces Altamiran i i Dugés.

~~Distribution: Central and North America, Africa and Asia.~~

~~Comment: Several authors, including Cope, have used variant spellings of Plest iodon Duméril and~~

~~Bibron, such as PI istodon and Pie i stodon .~~

~~Content: Approximately 40 species, all but three of which are extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Middorsal scales much broader than those of 1. Escamas medio dorsales mucho más anchas que los paravertebral region 2 para vertebra les 2 Middorsal scales not conspicuously broader than Escamas medio dorsales no conspicuamente más

~~paravertebral scales sum ichrast i ensanchadas que los paravertebrales-~~

~~-sum ichrast i~~

~~2. Scales around middle of body 21; limbs meet 2. Escamas al medio del cuerpo 21; extremidades se when adpressed; parretals not in contact; two encuentran cuando se oponen; parietales no~~

~~rows of nuchal scales schwartze i contactan; dos filas de escamas nucales~~

Scales around middle of body ly-l?; limbs schwartze i widely separated when adpressed; parietals in Escamas al medio del cuerpo ly-l?; extremidades contact behind interparietal; four pairs of ampliamente separadas cuando se oponen; parie- nuchal scales managuae tales en contacto detrás del interparietal; cuatro pares de escamas nucales managuae

~~EUMECES MANAGUAE Dunn~~

~~1933 Eumeces managuae Dunn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 46: 67. Type-locality: Aviation field, Managua, Nicaragua. 19'i6 Eumeces managuae — Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 292, fig. 73.~~

~~Distribution; Costa Rica to Nicaragua.~~

~~EUMECES SCHWARTZE! Fischer~~

~~1885 Eumeces schwartzei Fischer, Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 8: 3> Pl- 7> ^''9- !• Type-locality: Small island in Laguna de Términos, Campeche, Mexico.~~

~~iqST Eumeces schwartz e i —Taylor, Kansas Univ. Sel. Bull., 23: 94, fig. 5.~~

~~Distribution: Yucatán Peninsula and adjacent Tabasco, Mexico to central El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~EUMECES SUMICHRASTI (Cope)~~

I867 Plistodon sumichrasti Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866: 321, Type-locality: Orizaba, Mex ico. I879 Eumeces sumichrasti — Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 422. I895 Eumeces rovirosae Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) 2: 298, pi. I3. Type-locality: Mineral de Santa Fl, Chiapas, Mexico. 19^2 Eumeces schmidti Dunn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84: 3O. Type-locality: LancetiUa, Honduras,

~~iq^q Eumeces sum ichrast i —Taylor, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., 23: I78, figs. 21-22.~~

~~Distribution: Central Veracruz to Guatemala and northern Honduras. — — 9~~

~~L20 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE *** EUSPONDYLUS~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS Tschudi~~

~~1845 Euspondylus Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11; 160. Type-species: Euspondylus maculatus Tschudi.~~

~~Distribution: Venezuela to Peru.~~

~~Content: Ten species.~~

~~Comment: The arrangement of species seen here reflects the suggestions of Thomas Uzzell, who has reviewed this and related genera of microteiids for us.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Either all dorsal scales smooth, or most smooth 1. Todas las escamas dorsales lisas, o la mayoría with some weakly keeled on posterior part of lisas y algunas ligeramente guilladas en la body 2 parte posterior del cuerpo 2 All dorsal scales keeled 5 Todas las escamas dorsales guilladas 5

2. Frontal not in contact with frontonasal 2. Frontal no contacta con el frontonasal (Fig. 1) ---3 (Fig. 1) 3 Frontal in contact with frontonasal (Fig. 2) Frontal en contacto con el frontonasal (Fig. 2) brevifrontal is brevifrontal is

~~of Fig. 1. £. maculatus . showing contact of Fig. 2. E, stenolep is . showing contact prefrontals (from Peters, 1862). frontal and frontonasal (from Boulenger, I5O8).~~

~~3- infraorbitals smaller than upper labials 4 I nf raorb i tales más pequeiías que las supra- 4 Infraorbitals subequal to or larger than lab i ales~~

~~I i las upper labials guenther i nf raorb tales iguales mayores que supra lab ¡ales guentheri~~

4. Transparent ocular disk divided; 40 scales Disco ocular transparente dividido; 40 escamas around m idbody maculatus al medio del cuerpo maculatus Transparent ocular disk not divided; fewer Disco ocular transparente no dividido; menos de

~~than 35 scales around m idbody s imons i i 35 escamas al medio del cuerpo s imons i i~~

~~5. Frontal not in contact with frontonasal 6 Frontal no contacta con el frontonasal 6~~

~~Frontal in contact with frontonasal stenolep i s Frontal en contacto con el frontonasal~~

~~stenolep i s~~

6. Fewer than 25 transverse rows of ventral Menos de 25 hileras transversales de láminas plates, counted from edge of collar to ventrales, contando desde el borde del collar preanal plates 7 hasta las láminas preanales 7 More than 25 transverse rows of ventrals 5 Más de 25 hileras transversales de ventrales —

7. Four supraoculars, first smallest of series 8 Cuatro supraoculares, el primero es el menor Three supraoculars, first as large as or de la serie 8 larger than third, which it sometimes Tres supraoculares, el primero igual o mayor

~~contacts sp i nal i s que el tercero, con el que contacta a veces~~

~~sp inal i s~~

~~8. More than eight longitudinal rows of ventrals Más de ocho hileras longitudinales de~~

~~rahm i ventrales rahm i Eight longitudinal rows of ventrals Ocho hileras longitudinales de ventrales leucost ictus leucost ictus~~

9. Thirteen guiar scales from mental shield to Trece escamas guiares desde escudo mental a edge of collai ocell if er borde del collai ocell if er Nineteen guiar scales from mental shield to Diecinueve escamas guiares desde escudo mental

~~edge of collai acut i rostr is a borde del collar acut i rostr is 121 EUSPONDYLUS~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS ACUTIROSTRIS (Peters)~~

~~1862 Ecpleopus ( Euspondylus ) acut irostr is Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862; 2O5. Type-locality: Venezuela.~~

~~I885 Euspondylus acut i rostr is — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: AOy.~~

~~Distribution; Rancho Grande Mountains, Estado Aragua, and Pico Naiguata, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.~~

~~»=i"^v-^ I -7\r- i«PTfr>?*'. EUSPONDYLUS BREV IFRONTAL IS Boulenger = A^jA?,-- &>ifv^ f-.it~~

~~190^ Euspondylus brev i f rontal i s Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 12: 43I. Type-locality: Ri'o Albarregas and Escorial, Estado Mérida, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Andes of Mirida, Venezuela, at altitudes above 3OOO <"•~~

~~-.- -^ . --Kuiix^o~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS GUENTHERI (O 'Shaughnessy)~~

1881 Ecpleopus ( Euspondylus ) guentheri 'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 235» pl- 23, fig. 1. Type-locality: Sarayacú, Ecuador. 188S Euspondylus guentheri — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 4O7.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador.~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS LEUCOST ICTUS (Boulenger)~~

~~1500 Pr ionodactylus leucost ictus Boulenger, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, (2) 8: 5^. Type-locality: Summit of Mount Roraima, Venezuela.~~

~~1533 Euspondylus leucost ictus — Burt and Burt, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sc i . , 28; 63.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS MACULATUS Tschudi~~

~~1845 Euspondylus maculatus Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: I6I. Type-locality: Peru; further specified as vicinity of Moyobamba, Peru, by Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Reptiles, 1846, 43.~~

~~1862 Ecpleopus ( Euspondylus ) maculatus — Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 206, pi. 2, figs. 4, 4a-e.~~

~~I857 Ecpleopus ( Proctoporus ) Eraser i 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) *! 296. Type- locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal areas of northern Peru and southern Ecuador.~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS OCELLIFER (Werner)~~

~~1501 Pr i onodactylus ocell if er Werner. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 5I' 59^. Type-locality; Ecuador.~~

~~1^33 Euspondylus ocell i f er — Burt and Burt, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sc i . , 28; 63.~~

~~Distribution; Still known only from type specimen, which lacks specific locality data.~~

~~EUS_PONDYLUS RAHMI (Cri js), new combination~~

~~1936 Pr ionodactylus rahm i Grijs, Zool. Anz., II6: 27. Type-locality: Andes of Cuzco, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Still known only from type specimen.~~

~~Comment; This species is placed in this genus upon the recommendation of Thomas Uzzell, who is engaged in a revision of this and related genera of microteiids.~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS SIMONSI I Boulenger~~

~~^i'). Puntoyacu, 1901 Euspondylus Simonsi i Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) ]: Type-locality: Rio Perene, Peru, 5OOO ft.~~

~~Distribution; Known only from type locality.~~

~~369-215 O—70 9 122 EUSPONDYLUS~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS SPINALIS (Boulenger)~~

~~1501 Pr ionodactylus spinalis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 7= 23» Type-locality; Huancabamba, Peru.~~

~~St. Sc i 28: sp i nal is Burt and Burt (by inference), Trans. Louis Acad. • , 63. 1533 [ Euspondylus ] —~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~EUSPONDYLUS STENOLEPIS Boulenger~~

~~15O8 Euspondylus stenolepis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 2; 515, figs. 4a-d. Type-locality. San Antonio, Colombia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. 123 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE W^ GARBESAURA~~

~~GARBESAURA Amaral~~

~~Garbesaura Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1933 / (l932)! 64. Type-spec ¡ es; Garbesaura qarbei Amaral.~~

~~Distribution: As for only known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~GARBESAURA GARBEI Amaral~~

~~19^3 Garbesaura garbei Amaral^ Mem. Inst. Butantan, ] (l932): 64, fig. 1. Type-locality: Monte Christo, Tapajoz, Para, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. 124 repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE **** GARTHIA~~

~~GARTH lA Donoso-Barros and Vanzolini~~

~~1565 Garth la Donoso-Barros and Vanzolini, in Donoso-Barros, Publ. Oc. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile, 7'~~

~~1. Type-spec i es: Gymnodactylus qaudichaudli Dumlril and Bibron.~~

~~D ¡ str ibut ion: Oh i le.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Comment: Donoso-Barros, Reptiles of Chile, 1566> 122, included Gymnodactylus dorbiqnii Dumlril and Bibron in this genus, but Kluge, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2153» 1964, 33» considered it a species of~~

~~Homonota . and it is included there tentatively at this time.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Occipital region bounded by white ring from eye 1. Con región occipital circundata de un franja to eyej 14-16 lamellae under fourth toe anular blanca; 14-16 lámelas bajo el cuarto~~

~~pena i dedo pena i Occipital region without white line or Sin un franja blanca en el región occipital; boundary; fewer than 14 lamellae under fourth menos de 14 lámelas bajo el cuarto dedo~~

~~qaudichaudi I qaud ichaudi i~~

~~GARTHIA GAUDICHAUDI i (Dumlril and Bibron)~~

~~I836 Gymnodactylus Gaud ichaud i i Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 3: ^13* Type-locality: Coquimbo (Provincia Coquimbo), Chile.~~

~~1564 Homonota qaud ichaud i i — Kluqe. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 31, fig. 9.~~

~~1965 Garth ia qaudichaud i i — Donoso-Barros and Vanzolini, in Donoso-Barros, Pub. Oc. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile, 7: 4.~~

~~Distribution: West coast of Chile between 25OS and 30°S.~~

~~GARTHIA PENA I Donoso-Barros~~

~~566 Garth ia peña i Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 125, col. pi. 4. Type-locality: Los Molles, Combabarla, Provincia de Coquimbo, Chile, I5OO m.~~

~~Distribution: Precord i lleran and cordilleran regions of Provincia de Coquimbo, Chile. 125 REPTILIA: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE 'A ^ ^ GERRHONOTUS~~

~~GERRHONOTUS Wiegmann~~

~~1828 Gerrhonotus Wiegmann, Isis von Oken, 21: 379- Type-species: Gerrhonotus tessellatus Wiegmann.~~

~~I83O Pteroqastenes Peale and Green, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 6: 234. Type-species: Pteroqastenes ventral is Peale and Green.~~

~~1838 El gar i a Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 1: 35O. Type-species: Cordylus ( Gerrhonotus ) mult icar inatus Blainville.~~

~~I838 Bar i s ia Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 1: 3')0. Type-species: Gerrhonotus imbr icatus Wiegmann.~~

1843 Trachypelt is Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.: 21. Type-species: Gerrhonotus mult icar i natus Blainville. 1843 Tropi doqerrhon Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.: 21. Type-species: Gerrhonotus rud icoll is Wiegmann. 1845 Pteroqasterus Gray (emendation of Pteroqastenes Peale and Green), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 53-

~~1846 Tropi dcqerrhum Agassiz (corrected spelling of Trop i doqerrhon Fitzinger), Nomenclátor Zoológica Index Universalis: 2O3.~~

~~I878 Mesasp is Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, I7: 96- Type-species: Gerrhonotus morelet i i Bocourt.~~

~~Distribution: Central Texas throughout Mexico and Central America to Panama.~~

~~Content: Twenty species, of which only two are found within limits of this work.~~

~~Comment: Gerrhonotus modestus (Cope) was supposedly from Guatemala, but it is known only from Mexico.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Prefrontals usually absent; 18-20 longi- 1. Prefrontales usualmente ausente; 18-20 filas~~

dorsales morelet i i tudinal dorsal scale rows morelet i i longitudinales de escamas Prefrontals usually present; 14-16 longi- Prefrontales usualmente presentes; 14-16 filas tudinal dorsal scale rows mont icolus longitudinales de escamas dorsales — mont icolus

~~GERRHONOTUS MONTICOLüS Cope~~

I877 Gerrhonotus mont icolus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, I7: 97- Type-locality: Pico Blanco, Costa Rica. 1907 Gerrhonotus alfaroi Stejneger. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32: 5O5. Type-locality: Santa María de Dota, Costa —Rica, 2000 m. 1956 Barisia mont icola Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38: 208, figs. 54-5$.

~~Distribution: Costa Rica to Chiriqui, Panama.~~

~~GERRHONOTUS MORELET I I Bocourt~~

~~I87I Gerrhonotus moreletii Bocourt, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, J: 102. Type-locality: Peten and pine forests of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution; Guatemala to Mexico.~~

~~Content: Five subspecies, one ( temporalis Hartweg and Tihen) extral im i tal.~~

~~subespecies Key to the subspecies Clave de~~

superiores e inferiores en 1. Upper and lower postnasal in contact 2 1. Posnasales Upper postnasal separated from lower by contacto 2 Posnasales superiores separados de los contact between loreal and nasal — raf ael i inferiores por contacto entre loreal y 2. Lowest primary temporal usually in contact nasal raf ael 1 with two lower secondaries; prefrontals usually present; posterior loreal normally 2. Temporal primaria más baja, frecuentemente in contact with supralabials 3 en contacto con las dos más bajas secund- Lowest primary temporal usually contacts arias; prefrontales usualmente presentes; only lowest secondary temporal; prefron- loreal posterior normalmente en contacto tais usually absent; posterior loreal con supralab iales 3 usually not in contact with supralabials — Temporal primaria más baja, frecuentemente salvadorensis en contacto con sólo la más baja secundaria; prefrontales usualmente ausentes; loreal posterior normalmente no contacta

~~con supralab iales sal vadorens i s s~~

~~126 GERRHONOTUS~~

3. Anterior sublabial usually in contact with 3- Sublabial anterior frecuentemente en con- only third or a more posterior infra- tacto con solo la tercera a otra más pos- labial; ground color usually olive to terior infralabial; color frecuentemente

blackish morelet i i oliva o negruzco morelet i i Anterior sublabial usually in contact with Sublabial anterior f requentemente en con- second infralabial; ground color frequent- tacto con la segunda infralabial; color ly brownish f ulvus generalmente pardo f ulvus

~~Gerrhonotus morelet i I morelet i i Bocourt~~

~~Gerrhonotus moreletii moreletii ] Dunn and Emlen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 84: 28. 1332 [ —~~

~~Distribution: Mountains of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.~~

~~Gerrhonotus morelet i i f ulvus Bocourt~~

I87I Gerrhonotus fulvus Bocourt, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1: 104. Type- locality: Pine forest of Totonicapan on western slopes of Cordillera, Guatemala. 1943 Gerrhonotus moreleti fulvus-—Stuart, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 4/1: 20.

~~Distribution: Intermediate and higher elevations on Plateau of Guatemala, except mountains of Alta Verapaz.~~

~~Gerrhonotus morelet i i raf ael i Hartweg and Tihen~~

~~1546 Gerrhonotus morelet i i raf ael i Hartweg and Tihen, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 457! 8. Type-locality: Sixteen km south of Siltepec, Chiapas, Mexico.~~

~~Distribution: Intermediate and higher elevations of Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico, Into extreme southwestern Guatemala.~~

~~Gerrhonotus morelet i i salvadorens i s Schmidt~~

~~1328 Gerrhonotus salvadorens i s Schmidt. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 12: I96, fig. 1. Type-locality: Los Esesmlles, Chalatenango, Salvador.~~

~~1932 Gerrhonotus morelet i i salvadorens! —Dunn and Emlen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 84: 28.~~

~~Distribution: Honduras and Salvador south to Matagalpa, Nicaragua. — 4~~

~~127 REPTILlA: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE *** GONATODES~~

~~GONATODES Fitzinger~~

~~1843 Gona-todes Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 51» Type-species: Gymnodactylus alboqularls Dumeril and Bibron.~~

~~Distribution: Central America; nortiiern South America; West Indies.~~

~~Content: Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 80, 1965» *2-45, listed 18 species in this genus. Five of these~~

( beebe i Noble, boon i i Van Lidth, collar i s Garman, gaud ichaud i i Duméril and Bibron, and oxycephalus Werner) have either been synonymized with other Gonatodes or removed to other genera. Four additional valid species have been added in recent literature. The status of austral is Gray remains highly questionable, leaving I7 currently recognized species.

~~Key to the species Clave de espec ies~~

~~1. Pupil round 2 1. Pupila redonda 2~~

~~Pupil vert i cal ant illens is Pupila vert i cal ant illens is~~

2. Without dorsolateral light bands 3 2. Sin cintas latero-dorsales claras 3 Body with two dorsolateral light bands running Con dos cintas latero-dorsales, claras y estre- from eye to base of tail (Fig. 1 ); supracili- chas, desde el ojo a la base de la cola (Pig.

~~ary spine in male baseman i 1 ); una espina supraciliar en el macho hasemani~~

3. Some dorsal pattern present 4 3. Con diseño dorsal, no uniformement coloreado — Without pattern dorsally; no ventral markings; Sin diseño dorsal, uniformement coloreado de dorsal color reddish brown annular is pardo roj izo annularis

4. Ground color not dark green, body without ii 4. Color general no verde oscuro, y sin manchitas regularly spaced small light spots 5 irregularmente di spues tas 5 Ground color dark green with many small light Color general verde oscuro maculado por multi- spots (Fig. 2) annular is ples manchitas claras (Fig. 2) annularis

~~i Fig. 1. Gonatodes baseman Fig. 2. Gonatodes annular is ( boon i i pattern type)~~

~~5. No vertebral stripe 6 5. Sin cinta vertebral 6 Vertebral stripe present, may be somewhat Con cinta vertebral conspicua no 7 inconspicuous 7 6. No hay espina supraciliar proyectada; escamas~~

6. No suprac i 1 iary spine; enlarged scales on lower subcaudales ensanchadas, dispuestas en una surface of tail in continuous series; fewer línea continua; menos de ocho supralabiales-10 than eight supralabials 10 Una espina proyectada en la región supraciliar;

Suprac i 1 iarysp i ne present; enlarged scales on escamas ensanchadas en la cara inferior de la lower surface of tail isolated, separated by cola aisladas y separadas por anillos de pe- whorls of tiny scales; 8 supralabials; pattern queñas escamas; 8 supralab iales; diseño dorsal as in Fig. 3~ annularis como Fig. 3 annular is

~~Fig. 3- Gonatodes annular i s ( annularis pattern type) 128 CONATO DES~~

Fewer than 21 lamellae under fourth toe; head 7. Menos de 21 lámelas bajo el cuarto ortejo; slender with pointed snout 8 cabeza delgada con hocico agudo 8 Vertebral stripe bordered by ground color; more Más de 22 lámelas bajo el cuarto ortejo; cabeza than 22 lamellae on ventral surface of fourth ancha con hocico redondeado; faja vertebral toe on hind foot; head broad, with rounded limitada por el color general, en machos; cin- snout; vertebral stripe in females narrower ta vertebral de la hembra estrechada, con man- than In males, black dorsolateral spots (Fig. chas dorso-laterales oscuras (Fig. 4)

~~4 j peters i peters i~~

Guiar region not black with spotting; in 8. Región guiar no negra con manchas blancas en females vertebral line begins on occipital machos; la línea vertebral de la hembra reg ion 5 comienza en la región occipital 5 Guiar region black with white spotting In males Region guiar negra manchada de blanco en el (Fig. 5); in females vertebral line begins at macho (Fig. 5); I21 línea vertebral comienza eye level and has three expansions along its a nivel de los ojos en la hembra (Flg, 6) length (Fig. 6) atr icucullar Is atr icucullar Is

~~Fig. 4. Gonatodes peters i~~

~~Fig. 5. Gonatodes atr icucullar i s . Fig. 6. Gonatodes atr icucullar i s . venter of male. dorsum of female.~~

Vertebral stripe bordered with black, continu- Faja vertebral bordeada de negro, continuo en ous In males (Fig. 7)» but a series of spots machos (Fig. ]), y manchada en las hembras in females (Fig. 8) v I ttatus (Fig. 8) vittatus Vertebral stripe obsolete or without black Faja vertebral obsoleta, sin bordeado negro, en border in males (Fig. 9)j males light greyish machos (Flg. 5); grisáceo claro encima con above with diffuse lateral spots; sides of manchas difusas laterales; lados del vientre ventral surface with black suffusion (Fig. con dos sufusiones oscuras (Flg. 10); hembra female 10); Identical with that of vittatus i igual que en y ttatus bod I n I i

~~bod i n I i~~

~~Fig. 8. Gona todes y i ttatus . female~~

~~i i n i . dorsum of male i i Fig. g. Gonatodes bod Fig. 10. Gonatodes bod i n . venter of male —~~

~~129 GONATODES~~

~~10, Head with variegated pattern 11 10. Sobre la cabeza un conjunto de fajas 11 Head without any variegation 18 Cabeza sin un conjunto de fajas 18~~

11. Dorsum without ocelli 12 11. Sin ocelos a los lados del dorso 12 One or two pairs of blue ocelli bordered in Uno o dos pares de ocelos celestes bordeados de blacl< on either side of dorsum behind shoulder negro, en el dorso a cada lado por detrás de (Fig. 11 ) ocellatus las hombros (Pig. 11 ) ocellatus

12.Extrem I t ies of digits not strongly compressed 12. Extremos de los dígitos no fuertemente compri- .__ 13 midos 13 Extremities of digits strongly compressed 16 Extremos de los dígitos fuertemente comprimidos Ig

~~Fig. 11. Gonatodes ocellatus~~

13. Rostral, symphysial, and first three supra- 13.Rostral, sinfisial y labial lisos 14 labials smooth 14 El rostral, sinfisial y los tres primeros Rostral, symphysial, and first three supra- supralab iales con superficie granular en los labials with granular surface, pattern as in dos sexos, diseKo como en Fig. I3 se iql iei Fig. 1 3 seigl iei

~~Fig. 12. Gonatodes caud iscutatus Fig, 13. Gonatodes se i ql ie i~~

14. Spots on dorsum not confluent in males; females 14. Manchas dorsales no confluentes en los machos; not as below 15 hembras no como el siguiente 15 Spots on dorsum confluent along median line in Dorso con manchas pardas confluentes en la males (Fig. 14); scattered brownish dorsal línea media (Fig. 14); hembra pardo pálido con spots throughout dorsum and tail in females dos hileras de manchas sobre la espalda (Fig, (f^ ig. 15) ceo il iae 1^) cec il iae

~~Fig. 14. Gonatodes cec i 1 iae . male Fig. 15. Gonatodes cec il iae , female~~

15. Ventral scales larger than two dorsal granules- 15. Escamas ventrales mayores que dos granulos 17 dorsales 17 Ventral scales and dorsal granules approximate- Escamas ventrales y granulos dorsales casi del ly same size van ius m ismo tama fío var ius

16. Back with two rows of narrow, grayish, 16. Dorso con dos hileras de barras transversas transverse bars, each alternating with, angostas grisáceas, cada una alternando o casi or almost meeting, opposite series on enfrentando a la opuesta en la línea vertebral

~~i s vertebral 1 i ne f alconens is f alconens Dorsum not as above, pattern as in fig. 12 Dorso no como el anterior, dlseRo dorsal como~~

~~caud iscutatus en fig. 12 caud i scuta tus —~~

~~130 GONATODES~~

17. With light collar bordered by dark brown (Fig. 17. Con un collar claro bordeado del pardo oscuro cone innatus cone i nnatus (Fig. ) j^g ) 16 Sin collar claro (Fig. ) tan iae Without light collar (Fig. 17 ) taniae I7

~~i i no aplanadas ni mas 18. Infrad igi tal lamellae not flattened, not wider 18. Lámelas nf rad ig tales than rest of digit alboqularls anchas que el dígito albogularis~~

Lámelas i nf rad g i tales aplanadas y claramente Infradigital lamellae flattened and distinctly i wider than the rest of the digit in both sexes más anchas que el dígito (también ver Figs. humeral is (see also Figs. 18, I5 ) humeral is 18, 15 )

~~Fig. 17. Gonatodes taniae~~

~~Fig. 16. Gonatodes cone i nnatus~~

~~Fig. 18. Gonatodes humeral i s . dorsum Fig. 15. Gonatodes humeral is . venter~~

~~GONATODES ALBQGULARIS (Oumlril and Bibron)~~

18^6 Gymnodactylus albogularis Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 3: 415. Type-locality: Martinique. 1843 Gonatodes albigular is Fitzinger (substitute name for Gymnodactylus albogularis Duméril and Bibron, I836), Systema Rept ilium: 92. I867 Gymnodactylus maculatus Steindachner (not Gymnodactylus maculatus Beddome; not Gymnodactylus Zool., Rept.: I6, pi. kotschy i maculatus Bedriaga), Reise der Osterreichen Fregatte Novara, 1, figs. 4-4a. Type-locality: Apparently West Indies. 1885 Gonatodes albogularis — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: Si-

~~Distribution: Central America; northern half of South America; Antilles.~~

~~Content; Three subspecies, one of which ( notatus Reinhardt and Lütken) is extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. In males, dark dorsum; dark, vinaceous spot 1. Dorso oscuro en machos; mancha color vino from lips to side of neck, sometimes desde los labios hasta los lados de la reaching shoulder, sometimes interrupted; nuca, a veces llegando hasta el hombro y a throat white, color extending on chest, veces interrumpida; garganta blanca, este diluted; escutcheon, ventral surfaces of color se extiende hasta la mejilla algo

thighs and base of tail almost white; ii diluido; escutcheon superficie ventral de regular light smear connecting thoracic los muslos y base de la cola, casi blan- and longer ventral light areas, more or cas; el color claro del vientre y del tó- less narrowed or even interrupted by dark rax conectado entre sí, más o menos angos-

color of sides of belly alboqular i s tamente o aún interrumpido por color Head sometimes lighter than dark dorsum, oscuro de los lados del vientre pinkish, resulting in "hooded" aspect; albogular is venter tan or somewhat darker; throat Cabeza a veces más clara que el dorso, ro- dirty pink, with more or less distinct sada, dando aspecto de capucha; vientre gray chevrons; escutcheon and thighs gris plomizo de oscuro; garganta rosa su- slightly lighter than rest of venter cio con manchas paralelas en forma de V f useus más o menos distintas, escutcheon y muslos algo más claros que el resto del vientre-- f uscus 131 GONATODES

~~Fig. 20. Gonatodes a^. albooular i s . dorsurr Fig. 21. Gonatodes a. albogular is . venter~~

~~Fig. 22, Gonatodes a^. f uscus~~

~~Gonatodes albogular is albogular is (Oumeril and Bibron)~~

~~1562 Gonatodes albogular i s albogular Is — Vanzolini and Williams, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 127: 450.~~

~~1568 Gonatodes albogular is albogular i s — Rivero Blanco, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle Caracas, 27 (1567): 108, figs. 28, 3B.~~

~~Distribution: Lesser Antilles, Curajao, northern Colombia and western Venezuela.~~

~~Gonatodes albogular i s f uscus (Hallowell)~~

ISq'j Stenodactylus fuscus Hallowell. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 3: 33. Type-locality; Nicaragua; restricted by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, I95O, 320, to Rama, Nicaragua. I875 Gon iodactylus Braconn ieri 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [i) 16: 265. Type- locality: Barranquilla, New Grenada, Chile; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, I885, 60, lists types as only from Barranquilla, Colombia.

~~I885 Gonatodes albogular i s var. fuscus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 59- 1962 Gonatodes albogularis fuscus — Vanzolini and Williams, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I27: A')!.~~

~~Distribution: Cuba; El Salvador to western Colombia; introduced into southeastern United States.~~

~~GONATODES ANNULARIS Boulenger~~

~~I887 Gonatodes annularis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I887: 15*, two figs. Type-locality; Maccasseema, Pomeroon River, Guyana.~~

1904 Gonatodes Boon i i Van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., 2$: 87, pi. ] , figs. 1-2. Type-locality: Region of Coppename, Surinam. 1923 Gonatodes beebei Noble, Zoológica, J: 3OI. Type-locality: Kartabo, Guyana. figs. 1968 Gonatodes annular is — R i vero Blanco, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle Caracas, 27 (1967): IO7, Ic-e.

~~Distribution: Antilles; Central America; northern South America.~~

~~GONATODES ANTILLENSIS (Van Lidth)~~

I887 Gymnodactylus antillensis Van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., J: 129, pl- 2, fig. 1. Type-locality: Curajao and Aruba, Dutch West Indies. 1964 Gonatodes antillensis — Rivero Blanco, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 4: I7O.

~~Distribution: Northern Venezuela and following Caribbean Islands: Curaj:ao, Klein-Curasao, Bonaire, Klein-Bonaire, Las Aves, Aruba, and Orchila. S )~~

~~132 CONATO DES~~

~~GONATODES ATR ICUCULLAR I Noble~~

~~i 2'): 1521 Gonatodes a tr icucullar i s Noble, Ann. New York Acad. Se . , 135» Type-local iiy: Bellavista, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Departamento Cajamarca, Peru.~~

~~GONATODES BODINI I Rivero Blanco~~

~~1564 Gonatodes Bod i n i i Rivero Blanco, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 4: I7O, figs. 1-4, 10. Type-locality: Monje Grande del Sur, Archipiélago de Los Monjes, Dependencia Federal, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Archipiélago de Los Monjes, Venezuela.~~

~~GONATODES CAUD I SCUTATUS (Günther)~~

I855 Gymnodactylus caud iscu tatus Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855: 410. Type-locality: Western Andes of Ecuador. I885 Gonatodes caud iscutatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 6I, pi. 5> f '9- 2. 1852 Gonatodes coUaris Garman. Bull. Essex Inst., 24: 83. Type-locality: Wreck Bay, Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands,

~~iq'i'i Gonatodes caud iscutatus — Vanzol in i . Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 12: 12$.~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean coast of South America; Pac i f ic Colomb ia and Ecuador.~~

~~GONATODES CECILIAE Donoso-Barros~~

~~1566 Gonatodes ceciliae Donoso-Barros, Publ. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Santiago, 11: 5> fig- Type- locality: Cerro Azul, Cerca de Macuro, Península de Paria, Estado Sucre, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Cloud forest of Paria Mountains, Venezuela.~~

~~GONATODES CONCINNATUS (O ' Shaughnessy~~

1881 Goniodactylus concinnatus O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 237, Pl' 23, fig. 2. Type-locality: Canelos, Ecuador. 1881 Goniodactylus buckleyi O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 238, pi. 23, fig. 3. Type- locality: Pallatanga and Canelos, Ecuador; Rivero Blanco, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle Caracas, 27, I967 (l96S)> IO5, discussed the probable erroneous nature of Pallatanga as a type

~~local i ty. I885 Gonatodes cone innatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 61.~~

1555 Gonatodes cone i nnatus — Vanzol i n i , Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. SSo Paulo, 12: I25, pi. 1, fig. 3; pi. 3, figs. 1-3. 1967 Gonatodes 1 igiae Donoso-Barros, Not. Mens. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile, 11 (129): Fourth unnumbered page. Type-locality: Bosque de la Carabela, Cerca de Baranitas, Venezuela.

~~1968 Gonatodes cone i nnatus — R i vero Blanco, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle Caracas, 27 (1967): 104, figs. la-b.~~

~~Distribution: Lower Amazonian slopes of Colombia and Ecuador; northern Venezuela; Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~GONATODES FALCQNENSIS Shreve~~

~~1947 Gonatodes caud iscutatus falconensis Shreve. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: $20. Type-locality: Pauji, Distrito Acosta, Estado Falcon, Venezuela.~~

~~f i i 1968 Gonatodes alconens s — Vanzol n i . Arq. Zool. SSo Paulo, 17: 18.~~

~~f i 1968 Gonatodes alconens s —R i vero Blanco, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle Caracas, 27 (1967): 114.~~

~~Distribution: Estado Falcon, Venezuela. I~~

~~133 GONATODES~~

~~GONATODES HASEMAMI Griffin~~

~~1517 Gonatodes haseman i Griffin, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 11: 3O4, pi. 32. Type-locality: Villa Bella, Rio Beni, Bol Ivia,~~

~~193^ Gonatodes spinulosiis Amaral. Men. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1532): 56, figs. 7-8. Type-locality: Rio Jurua region, Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~i — 1553 Gonatodes hasemann Vanzolini (in error for haseman i Griffin), Rev. Brasil. Biol., I3: 73-~~

~~Distribution: Bolivia and Brazil.~~

~~GONATODES HUMERAL IS (Cuichenot)~~

~~1855 Gymnodactylus humeral is Guichenot, in Castelnau, Exped. Amir. Sud, Zool., Rept.: I3, pi. 3> figs. 1, la-b. Type-locality: R'o Ucayali, Mission de Sarayacu, Peru.~~

I863 Gonatodes ferrioineus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I863: 102. Type-locality: Trinidad. I87I Gymnodactylus incertus Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I87I: 397. Type-locality: Pebas, Peru. I875 Goniodactylus sulcatus 'Shaughnessy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (a) 16: 26$. Type-locality: Cuba. 1885 Gonatodes humeral is — Boulenqer, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 62, pi. 5, fig. 3.

~~Distribution: Trinidad, Tobago, northeastern Venezuela, Colombia and Guianas to Mato Grosso, Brazil and Bol ivia.~~

~~GONATODES OCELLATUS (Gray)~~

I83I Cyrtodactylus Ocellatus Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 5= 51- Type-locality: None given; stated as Tobago Island by Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, 1885, 61- 1885 Gonatodes ocellatus — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 60, pi. 5, fig. 1.

~~Distribution: Tobago and Trinidad as well as neighboring mainland of Venezuela.~~

~~GONATODES PETERS I Donoso-Barros~~

~~1567 Gonatodes petersi Donoso-Barros, Not. Mens. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile, 11 (125): Fourth unnumbered page. Type-locality: Sierra de Perija, Estado Zulia, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~GONATODES SE I GL I E Donoso-Barros~~

~~1966 Gonatodes se iql iei Donoso-Barros, Publ. Ocas. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11: 11, fig. Type-locality: Bosque de Miraflores, Puertas del Guarapiche, a los límites del Estados Sucre y Monagas, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality.~~

~~GONATODES TANIAE Roze~~

~~1963 Gonatodes taniae Roze. Publ. Oc. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Caracas, Zool., 5: 1, fig. 1. Type-locality: Parque Nacional Henri Pittier de Rancho Grande, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, 95O m.~~

~~Distribution: Estado Aragua, Venezuela.~~

~~GONATODES VARIUS (Oumeril)~~

~~1856 Gymnodactylus varius Duméril, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 8: 475. Type-locality: Cayenne.~~

~~1955 Gonatodes var ius Vanzol i n i Pap. — , Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 12: II9, pi. 1, fig. 1; pi. 2, figs. 1-4.~~

~~Distribution: Guianas. 134 CONATO DES~~

~~GONATODES VITTATUS (L ichtenste i n)~~

i Type-locality: 18^6 Gymnodactylus vittatus L ichtenste in. Nomenclátor Muse i Zoologici Berol nens is: 6. La Guayra, Puerto Cabello and Caracas, Venezuela. 188S Gonatodes vittatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 60.

~~Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela and offshore islands.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Males without vertebral white line, or, if 1. Los machos sin línea dorsal blanca, o, si present, poorly defined and narrow; 12-17 está presente, mal definida y estrecha; 12- lamellae under fourth toe of forefoot; 17 láminas debajo del cuarto dedo de la large mouth; females very difficult to pata anterior; la boca más grande; las hem- distinguish, 17-21 lamellae under fourth bros se distinguen difícilmente; 17-21 toe of hind foot roquens is láminas debajo del cuarto dedo de la pata Males with distinct, wide, white vertebral posterioi roquens is line; I5-I8 lamellae under fourth toe; Los machos con una línea dorsal bien defini- small mouth; females with 16-20 lamellae da, ancha, blanca; I5-I8 láminas debajo del

~~under fourth toe v i ttatus cuarto dedo; la boca chica; las hembras con 16-20 láminas debajo del cuarto dedo~~

~~V i ttatus~~

~~Gonatodes vittatus vittatus (L ichtenste in)~~

1864 Gonatodes gi lí i i Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se i . Phila., I863: 102. Type-locality: Trinidad. — Roze, in Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, Caracas, 1556 G.l onato7es J vittatus vittatus El Archipiélago de Los Roques y La Orchila: 81, fig.

~~Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Aruba, Curajao?, Margarita, Coche, Cubagua, Los Frailes, Los Testigos, Tobago and Trinidad.~~

~~Gonatodes v i ttatus roquens is Roze~~

Caracas, 1556 Gonatodes v i ttatus roquens i s Roze, ¡n Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, El Archipiélago de Los Roques y La Orchila: 81, fig. Type-locality: El Gran Roque, Archipiélago de Los Roques, Venezuela.

~~Distribution: Los Roques islands, Venezuela. I 135 REPTILIA: SAURlA: GEKKONIDAE * * * GYMNODACTYLUS~~

~~GYMNODACTYLUS Sp!x~~

I825 GymnodactYlus Spix, Sp, Nov. Lac. Bras.: I7. Type-species; GymnodactYlus gecko ides Spix. 1827 Cyrtodactylus Gray, Phil. Mag., (2) 2: 56. Type-species: Cyrtodactylus pulchella Gray. 1843 Anomalurus Fitzinger (preoccupied by Anomalurus Waterhouse, I843), Systema Reptilium: 5O. Type-

~~species: Phyllurus m i 1 i us i i (= m i 1 i i ) Ouméril and Bibron. 1843 Dasyderma Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 92. Type-spec Íes: Gonyodactylus spi nulosus Fitzinger.~~

1843 CyrtoDodion Fitzinger. Systema Reptilium: 53* Type-spec i es: Stenodactylus scaber Heyden. 1860 Puellula Blyth, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 29: IO9. Type-species: Puellula rubida Blyth. 1867 Gecl

1868 D inosaura G i stl. Blicke in das Leben der Natur: I45. Type-spec i es: Stenodactylus scaber Heyder 136*5 Underwoodisaurus Wermuth. Das Tierreich, 80; ix. i Type-spec es: Gymnodactylus mili i (Bory).

~~Distribution; Worldwide in warmer climates.~~

~~Content: About ]0 species, only one of which occurs within limits of this work.~~

~~GYMNODACTYLUS GECKO I DES Spix~~

~~1823 Gymnodactylus qeckoides Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: I7, pi. 18, fig. 1. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil. 1933 Gymnodactylus qeckoides — Vanzolini, Pap, Avul. Oepto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 11: 22$.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. With fewer than 60 tubercles along para- 1. Menos de 60 tubérculos en la hilera paramedian line 2 mediana 2 With more than 64 tubercles along para- Más de 64 tubérculos en la hilera para-~~

~~i median 1 ne darw in i I med i a na darw in i i~~

2. With 17-20 rows of ventrals; 37"^5 tuber- 2. Diseño dorsal uniforme o marmorado; 37-45 cíes along paramedian line; dorsal pattern tubérculos en la hilera paramediana; 17-20 uniform or spotted; 17-20 lamellae under hileras de ventrales; 17-20 lámelas bajo

fourth toe gecko i des el cuarto dedo qeckoi des With 19-24 rows of ventrals; 32-43 tuber- Diseño dorsal raramente uniforme, marmorado cíes along paramedian line; dorsal pattern o con ocelos; 32-43 tubérculos en la rarely uniform, may be spotted or with hilera paramediana; 19-24 hileras de ocelli; 13-19 lamellae under fourth toe ventrales; I3-I9 lámelas bajo el cuarto

~~amaral i dedo amaral i~~

~~Gymnodactylus gecko i des gecko i des Sp ix~~

I83I Cyrtodactylus Sp ix i i Gray (substitute name for Gymnodactylus gecko i des Spix), Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kindgom, 9; 52. I833 Cecko gymnodactylus Schinz (substitute name for Gymnodactylus gecko Ides Spix), Naturgesch ichte und Abbildungen der Reptilien: 75, pi. I6. 1843 Gonyodactylus ( Dasyderma ) sp inulosus Fitzinger (substitute name for Gymnodactylus qeckoi des Sp ix),' Systema Reptilium: 92. Gymnodactylus 1933 conspicuus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932); 57, figs. 9, 10. Type- locality: Villa Nova (= Senhor do Bonflm), Bahia, Brazil.

~~Gymnodactylus I 1933 qeckoides qecko des — Vanzol i n i , Pap. Avul. Oepto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 11: 252, pi. 1, figs. 1-5.~~

~~Distribution: Salvador, Bahia, to northern Paraiba, Brazil.~~

~~Gymnodactylus gecko ides amaral i Barbour~~

~~1925 Gymnodactylus amaral i Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 38: 101. Type-locality: Engenheiro Dodt, Santa Philomena, upper Rio Parnahyba, Brazil.~~

~~1953 Gymnodactylus qecko i des amaral i — Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Oepto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 11: 255, pi. 2, figs. 2-3.~~

~~Distribution: Rio Parnahyba to Rio das Mortes, south to southern Goias, east to southern Bahia, Brazil. 136 GYMNODACTYLUS~~

~~GvmnodactYlus geckoides darwini i (Gray)~~

~~184S Cubinia Darwinii Gravi Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 274. Type-locality: Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~i Novara, Zool., I867 Gymnodactylus Girardi Ste i ndachner, Reise der Osterre ich schen Fregatte Rept.: 15, pi. 2, figs. 3-3a. Type-locality: Unknown.~~

iqSO Gonatodes helgae Amaral, Copeia, 155°= 281. Type-locality; I Iha de Sao Sebastiao, Estado de S3o Paulo, Brazil. 1553 Gymnodactylus geckoides darwini — Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 11: 256, pi. 2, fig. 1.

~~Distribution: Espirito Santo to Sao Paulo, Brazil. s~~

~~137 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ** GYMNOPHTHALMUS~~

~~GYMNOPHTHALMUS Merrem~~

~~1820 Gymnophthalmus Merrem, Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum: 'JA. Type-speci es. Lacerta quadr il ineata L innaeus.~~

~~1861 Blepharact is is Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860: 484. Type-spec i es: Blepharact i is~~

~~spec i osa Hallowell.~~

~~1876 F. paphelus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): II5. Type-spec i es: Epaplielus~~

~~sum ichrast i i Cope.~~

~~Distribution: Central America, South America from Argentina north. Leeward Islands, Margarita island, Trinidad and adjacent islands.~~

~~Content: Six species, one ( pie i i Bocourt) extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~Frontal not in contact with internasal 2 1. Frontal no contacta con internasal 2 Frontal in contact with internasal--rubricauda Frontal contacten con internasal rubr icauda~~

~~One supraoculai -3 2. Un supraocular 3~~

~~Two supraoculars- mult i scutatus Dos supra oculares mult i scutatus~~

~~3. Without white dorsolateral stripes on body 3. Sin cinta dorsolateral blanca a los lados del 4 cuerpo 4 With white dorsolateral stripes on body Con cinta dorsolateral blanca a los lados del~~

~~1 ineatus cuerpo 1 i nea tus~~

4. Tail orange-red; males with femoral pores; 4. Cola rojo-naranja; machos con poros femorales; ventrals scales between triangular chest esramas ventrales entre escama triangular del scale and anal plate average 2] in males, pecho y lámina anal promedian 2] en machos,

~~32 in females spec i osus 32 en hembras spec iosus Tail not orange-red; males lacl< femoral pores; Cola no rojo-naranja; machos sin poros~~

~~ventral scales average 24 underwood i femorales; escamas ventrales promedian 24 underwoodi~~

~~GYMNOPHTHALMUS L INEATUS (Linnaeus)~~

~~lyiS Lacerta lineata Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed, 10: 20g. Type-locality: Ceylon,~~

~~1766 Lacerta quadr i 1 i nea ta Linnaeus. Systema, Ed. 12; 37I. Type-locality: North America?~~

~~I863 Gymnophthalmus n i t i dus Reinhardt and Lütken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 4 (I862): 226. Type-locality: Danish West Indies.~~

I885 Gymnophthalmus merrem i i Boulenger (name attributed to Cocteau, but apparently coined by |_ J Boulenger, with this as first publication). Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 427. iqOO Gymnophthalmus lineatua—Andersson, Bihang. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, 26 (4, No.l): I6.

~~Distribution: Dutch Leeward Islands; Surinam.~~

~~GYMNOPHTHALMUS MULT ISCUTATUS Amaral~~

~~iq'^q Gymnophthalmus mul t iscutatus Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1532): 73, figs. 51-55. Type- locality: Villa Nova (= Senhor do Bonfim), Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Bahia, Ceara and Pernambuco, Brazil.~~

~~GYMNOPHTHALMUS RUBRICAUDA Boulenger~~

1902 Gymnophthalmus rubricauda Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) ')'• 337- Type-locality: Cruz del Eje, Argentina. 1951 Gymnophthalmus rubricauda —Gallardo, Común. Inst. Nac. Invest. Cien. Nat., Buenos Aires, Cienc. Zool., 2: l,fig. 1.

~~DIstibution: Beni, Bolivia to northern Argentina.~~

~~369-215 O—70- — 2~~

~~138 GYMNOPHTHALMUS~~

~~GYMNOPHTHALMUS SPECIOSUS (Hallowell)~~

~~484. Type-locality: IRfil Blepharictisis speciosa Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I860:~~

~~N i caragua. figs. 3-4. 1939 GYmnophthalmus speciosus Stuart, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Micli., 409: 4, pi. 1,~~

~~Distribution: Central America and northern South America.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies -— 1. Prefrontals in contact with loreal 2 1. Prefrontales contactan con la loreal---~~

~~i i separados de la loreal bird Prefrontals separated from loreal b i rd Prefrontales —~~

~~2. Five supralabials to posterior margin of 2. Cinco supralab iales hasta el margen pos-~~

~~spec i osus eye spec i osus terior del ojo~~

~~Four supralabials to posterior margin of Cuatro supralab i ales hasta el margen pos-~~

~~i i eye s um i chrast i i terior del ojo sum ichrast~~

~~Gymnophthalmus spec i osus spec i osus (Hallowell)~~

I87I Tretioscincus laevicaudus Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11 (I870): 557. Type-locality: Departamento Occidental, Nicaragua (three cotypes in Museum of Comparative Zoology are labeled as coming from Poluon, Nicaragua). 1952 Gymnophthalmus speciosus spec iosus Mertens, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges., 487: 56, pi. 13, fig. 77-

~~Distribution: Honduras and Nicaragua to northern South America; Margarita Island.~~

~~Gymnophthalmus spec iosus b i rd i Stuart~~

~~1939 Gymnophthalmus birdi Stuart. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 4O9: 1, pi. 1, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: Desert flats of Salami Basin, San Gerónimo, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala.~~

~~1952 Gymnophthalmus speciosus b i rdi—— Mertens, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges., 487: 56.~~

~~Distribution: Dry basins and valleys of central Guatemala across southeastern highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador.~~

~~Gymnophthalmus spec iosus sum i chrast i i (Cope)~~

I876 Epaphelus sumichrastii Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): II5. Type- locality: Estado Tehuantepec, Mexico. 1963 Gymnophthalmus speciosus sumichrasti-—Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122: 80.

~~Distribution: Pacific slope from Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico to western Guatemala.~~

~~GYMNOPHTHALMUS UNDERWOOD I Grant~~

~~1558 G ymnophthalmus underwood i Grant, Herpetolog ica, 14: 228. Type-locality: Barbados.~~

~~i str ibut i oiTi: Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago» 139 "^ REPULÍA: SAURlA: HELODERMATIDaE * * * HELODERMA~~

~~HELODERMA Wiegmann~~

~~1825 TrachyderfUa Wiegmann (preoccupied by Trachyderma Latre ¡lie, 1825, Insecta), Isis von Oken, 22: 421. Type-species: Trachyderma horridum Wiegmann.~~

~~1825 Heloderma W i egmann (substitute name for Trachyderma Wiegmann), Isis von OI~~

~~Distribution: Guatemala through Mexico to Arizona. Two Content: species, one ( suspectum Cope) ex tral im i tal.~~

~~HELODERMA HORRIDUM (Wiegmann)~~

~~1825 Trachyderma horridum Wiegmann. Isis von Oken, 22: 421. Type-locality: Mexico. I825 Heloderma Horridum Wiegmann. Isis von Oken, 22: 627.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific Slope from Sonora, Mexico, to Northern Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, two ( horridum Wiegmann and exasperatum Bogert and Martin del Campo)~~

~~extral im i tal.~~

~~Heloderma horridum alvarez i Bogert and Martin del Campo~~

15*56 Heloderma horridum alvarezi Bogert and Martin del Campo, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IO5: J2, figs. 7, 11, 15; pi. 3, figs. 1-3; pi. 13, fig. 5. Type-locality: Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Ch iapas, Mex ico.

~~Distribution: Valley of Rio Grijalva, Chiapas to Rio Lagartero Depression, southwestern Guatemala. 140 REPTILIA: SAURlA: GEKKONIDAE "k * HEMIDACTYLUS~~

~~HEMIDACTYLUS Gray~~

I8I7 Hem idact[ylus ] Oken, Isis von Oken, I8I7: II83. Type-species: Gecko tuberculosus Daudin. I825 Hem idactylus Gray, Ann. Phil., New Ser., 10: 159* Type-species: Gecko tuberculosos Daudin. 1842 Boltal ia Gray, Zoological Miscellany, 1842: 58. Type-species: Boltal ia sublevis Gray. 1843 Hoplopod ion Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: IO3. Type-species: Hemidactylus Coctaei Dumeril and Bibron. I843 M icrodactylus Fitzinger (preoccupied by M icrodactylus Geoffroy, I8O5), Systema Reptilium: 104. Type-species; Hem idactylus peruv ianus Wiegmann.

I843 Onychopus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 104. Type-species: Hem idactylus Garnot i i Dumeril and 8 ibron. I843 Tachybates Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: lOJ. Type-species: Given as Hem idactylus Mabou ia Cuvier, which = Gecko mabou ia Moreau de Jonnes. I843 Pnoepus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 106. Type-species: Hem idactylus javan icus Cuvier.

~~I845 Doryura Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I56. Type-species: Doryura Bowr i no i i Gray.~~

I845 Velernes ia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I56. Type-species: Velernes ia R ichardson i i Gray. I845 Le iurus Gray (preoccupied by Le iurus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1829 and Le iurus Swainson, I839)» Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 157' Type-species: Le iurus ornatus Gray = Hem idactylus fase iatus fase iatus Gray.

1845 Nubil ia Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 273. Type-species: Nub il ia Argent i i Gray = Hem idactylus depressus Gray. 1861 Eurhous Fitzinger, Sitz. Math. -Naturw iss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 42 (i860): 400. Type-species:

~~Hem idactylus leschenault i i Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~1862 1 iiiriis Cope (substitute name for Le iurus Gray, 19*5» preoccupied by L iurus Ehrenberg, I831), in~~

~~Slack, Handbook Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila.: 32. I87O Emydactylus Bocourt, Bull. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2) 6: I7. Type-species: Emydactylus~~

~~bouv ier i Bocourt.~~

~~I894 Bunocnem i s Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894: 85- Type-species: Bunocnemis modestus Günther.~~

193^ Lophophol i s Smith and Deran iyagala, Ceylon Jour. Sc i . (b) 18: 23O. Type-species: Teratolep is scabr iceps Annandale. 1940 Al iurus Dunn and Dunn (substitute name for L iurus Cope, 1862), Copela, 1940: 71'

~~Distribution: Africa, south Asia, Oceania, southern United States to Brazil and to Pacific coast of Peru.~~

~~Content: About seventy species, of which all but five are extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Scalation of body composed of granules inter- 1. Cuerpo cubierto por granulos y tubérculos; spersed with tubercles; toes strongly dedos fuertemente dilatados 2 dilated 2 Cuerpo cubierto por granulos iguales; dedos Scalation of body composed of uniform granules; ligeramente dilatados peruv ianus toes weakly dilated peruv ianus

2. Tubercles on body reduced, separated by 2. Tubérculos separados; ligeramente deprimidos; granules; fewer than I5 transverse rows of hilera transversal formada por menos de I5 tubercles 3 tubérculos 3 Tubercles on body raised, pointed and touching Tubérculos aproximados, grandes, quillados; or closely approximated; more than I5 trans- I'nea transversal de tubérculos dorsales mayor

~~verse rows of tubercles 4 que 15 '^~~

~~3. Sides of head without tubercles; transverse row 3- Lados de la cabeza sin tubérculos; fila trans- of tubercles on middle of body with fewer than versal de tubérculos con menos de ocho~~

e i ght tubercles f renatus tubérculos frenatus Sides of head with tubercles; transverse row of Lados de la cabeza con tubérculos; fila trans- tubercles on middle of body with more than versal de tubérculos con más de ocho tubér- e ight tubercles mabou ia culos mabou ia

~~4. Eight to ten tubercles on base of tail; each 4. Ocho a diez tubérculos sobre la base de la dorsal tubercle encircled by ten smaller cola; cada tubérculo dorsal rodeado de diez~~

granules brook i i granulos brook i i Six tubercles on base of tail; each dorsal Seis tubérculos sobre la base de la cola; tubercle encircled by 15-20 smaller granules-- cada tubé'rculo dorsal rodeado por 15-20 ture icus granulos ture icus 141 HEMIDACTYLUS

~~HEMIDACTYLUS BROOK I I Gray~~

184S Heitiidactylus Brook i i Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I53. Type-locality: Borneo and Australia; Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 5O, I565, ]l, indicated that Malcolm Smith, Fauna of British India, Sauria, 1935» 85, restricted the type-locality to Borneo, but Smith gives no indication of such intent, and we do not consider Smith's statement to be a valid restriction. Hemidactylus leiqhtoni 1511 Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) f: I5. Type-locality: Honda, Rio Magdalena, Colombia, 300-400 ft. 1936 Hemidactylus neotrop ical is Shreve^ Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: 27O. Type-locality: Curumani, northeast of Salva, Departamento Magdalena, Colombia; corrected by Shreve, Herpetologica, 1, 1938, 124, to Puerto Wilches, Departamento Santander, Colombia.

Distribution: Africa, India, I ndo-Austral ¡an Archipelago, northern South America and Antilledn Islands. ^06"i "^ Content: Five subspecies, four of which ( brook i i Gray, anqulatus Hallowell, parv imaculatus ,¿-j vO'*"' ' Deraniyagala and subtr i -^ iedro ides Annandale) i are extral ¡m tal. ^ Hem idactylus le qhton i Boulenger, jAV>.0 ^'' ^ from Colombia, was recently synonymized with i i brook by Kluge, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I35, ^^. but ^^^ ' 1967, 49, he did not indicate the subspecies to which it was assigned. ^ Mechler, Rev. Suisse |

~~Zool., did Cii-'O*^^ , 75> 1968, not accept Kluge's synonymy of leiqhton i and neotrop ical is with brook i i . but~~

~~he did use ha i t ianus for the Colombian form.~~

~~Hem i dactylus brook i i ha i t ianus Meerwarth~~

~~1901 Hem idactylus brook i i ha i t ianus Meerwarth, Mitt. Naturwiss. Mus. Hamburg, 18: I7. Type- locality: Port-au-Prince, Haiti.~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean coast of Colombia; Haiti, Cuba; Puerto Rico; Trinidad.~~

~~Comment: See remarks under Hem i dactylus brook i i .~~

~~HEMIDACTYLUS FRENATUS Dumlril and Bibron~~

836 Hemidactylus frenatus Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., J: J66. Type-locality: Many localities given by Dumeril and Bibron; restricted to Java by Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 98, 19*7, 127. 843 Hem idactylus Pnoepus javan [ J icus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 106. Type-locality: Asia; Indiaj Bengal; Ceylon; Java; Timor; Amboina; and Marianna Islands; restricted to Java by Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 98, I947, I27. 843 Hemidactylus [ Pnoepus J Bo ieri Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 106. Type-locality: Cape of Good Hope, Madagascar and Mauritius Island. 845 HemTdactvlus vittatus Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I55. Type-locality: Borneo. 853 Hemidactylus punct&tus Jerdon. Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 22: 467. Type-locality: Tellicherry, Malabar. 861 Hemidactylus inornatus Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860; 492. Type-locality: Loo Choo, Ryukyu Islands. 861 Hemidactylus pumilus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860: 502. Type-locality: Hong Kong. 865 Gecko caracal Tytler, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 33= 5*7- Type-locality: Rangoon, Burma; restricted, apparently unnecessarily, to Rangoon, Burma, by Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 98, 1947, 127. 865 Gecko chaus Tytler, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 33: 547. Type-locality: Moulmein and Rangoon, Burma; restricted to Rangoon, Burma, by Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 98, I947, 128. 869 Hemidactylus lonqiceps Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 320. Type-locality: Manila,

Ph i 1 i pp i nes. 869 Hemidactylus hexaspis Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 32O. Type-locality: Madagascar. 878 Peripia papuensis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2: 97. Type-locality: "Katow", = Katau, near Binaturi River, New Guinea. 879 Hemidactylus tristis Sauvaqe. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) 3: 49. Type-locality: New Guinea. 915 Hemidactylus fraqilis Calabresi. Monit. Zool. Ital., 26: 236, fig. la-b. Type-locality: Bur Meldac, Italian Somallland.

~~Distribution; Widespread through much of Africa, Asia, Australia and Polynesia; Mexico and Guatemala. 142 HEMIDACTYLUS~~

~~H EfjIDACTYLUS MABOUIA (Moreau de Jonnes)~~

~~1818 Gecko Mabou ia Moreau de Jonnes, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1818: I38. Type-locality: Antilles;~~

~~restricted by Smitli and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 33, I95O, 364, to St. Vincent Island,~~

Lesser Ant i lies. 1824 Gekko incanescens Wied, Isis von Oken, 14 (l): 662. Type-locality: Brazil; Wied, Beitr. Naturgesch. Brasil., 1, 1825, IO3, said Rio de Janeiro, Cabo Frio, Campos de Goaytacases and Espirito Santo, Brazil. 1824 Gekko armatu s Wied, Isis von Oken, 14 (l): 662. Type-locality: Brazil. 1825 Gecko aculeatus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: I6, pi. 18, fig. 3. Type-locality: Rio de

Jane i ro, Braz i 1. 1825 Gecko cruciqer Spix. Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 16, pi. 13, fig- 3- Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil. I829 Gl ecko j mabu ia Cuvier (substitute name for Gecko mabou ia Moreau de Jonnes, 1818), Regne Animal, EH. 2, 2: 54. ia 1843 Hemidactvlus ( Tachybates ) mabuya Fitzinger (substitute name for Gecko mabou Moreau de Jonnes, 1818), Systema Reptilium: IO5.

I878 Hemidactylus frenatus var. calabar icus Boettger, Ber. Offenbacher Vere i n Naturk., I7/I8: 1. Type-locality: Old Calabar, Guinea coast of West Africa (Nigeria). 10: Type- 1893 Hemidactvlus benquellens i s Bocage, Jour. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Acad. Lisbon, (2) II5. locality: Cahata, Benguela, Angola.

Distribution: South Africa north to Liberia and Abyssinia; Madagascar and neighboring islands; Veracruz, Mexico; Cuba, Hispaniola, Barbados and Martinique; Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana, Amazonian Brazil and offshore islands, Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia.

~~HEMIDACTYLUS PERUVIANUS Wiegmann~~

~~1835 Hemidactvlus peruvianos W i eqmann, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , 17: 240, Type-locality: Tacna, Peru.~~

~~1885 Hemidactvlus peruv i anus — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 141.~~

~~Distribution: This species has never been found again, at the type-locality or elsewhere.~~

~~HEMIDACTYLUS TURCICUS (Linnaeus)~~

1758 Lacerta turcica Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 202. Type-locality: "Oriente"; Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 80, I965, 86, said that K. P. Schmidt, Fieldiana, Zool., 34, 1953, 257, restricted the type-locality to Asiatic Turkey, but Schmidt does not clearly intend his reference to Turkey as a restriction, and we do not consider it to be such. I876 Hemidactylus turcicus — Boettger, Ber. Offenbacher Verein Naturk., I5/I6: 57-

~~Distribution: Mediterranean region; Red Sea coast east to India and south to Kenya; southern Unitec States; Tamaulipas to Yucatán peninsula; Antilles; Chile.~~

~~Content: TT-ee subspecies, two of which ( macrophol is Boulenger and sp inal is Buchholz) are extral imital.~~

~~Hem idactylus ture i cus ture i cus (Linnaeus)~~

~~1810 Gecus Cyanodactylus Raf inesque, Caratteri d¡ Alcuni Nuove Generi e Nuove Specie di Animal! e Pianti Delia Sicilia: 9. Type-locality: Sicily.~~

~~i i 1826 Geko mer d onal i s Risso, Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de l'Europe~~

~~Mlridionale, 3= S7. T.ype-local i ty : Province of Alpes Maritlmes, France; restricted to Nice by Mertens and Wermuth, die Amphibien und Reptilien Europas, I96O, 79-~~

1827 Hem i dactylus qranosus Heyden, Reptilien, in Ruppell, Atlas zu der Reise ¡m Nordlichen Africa: 17, pi. 5> fig- !• Type-locality: Egypt, Arabia, and Abyssinia; Mertens, Senckenberg iana, 3, 1922, I69, lists one of the syntypes in Senckenberg Museum as from "Arabia Petraea," and Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 80, I965, 87, regards this as a restriction of type-locality to the Sinai Peninsula, but we do not regard this to be Merten's intent. 143 HEMIDACTYLUS

~~Hem I dactylus ture icus ture icus (Linnaeus), continued~~

~~I827 Hem idactylus robustns Heyden (typographical error), Reptilien, in Ruppell, Atlas zu der Reise im Nordlichen Africa: 15- Type-locality: Abyssinia. G[_ ecl~~

~~Animal K ingdom, <)•. 5O.~~

1884 Hem i dactylus karach i ens i s Murray, Vertebrate Zoology of Sind: "i^l, pi. 9> f'9' 2. Type- locality: Karachi, Sind, Pakistan. 1885 Hemidactylus sinaitus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 126. Type-locality: Mount

S i na i , Palest i ne. I5O6 Hemidactylus exsul Barbour and Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 5O: 148. Type-locality: Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico. 1925 Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus —Mertens, Abh. Senckenberg ischen Naturforsch. Ges., 39= 60,

Distribution: India and northeastern Africa; Louisiana, Texas, and Florida; Cuba; Tamaulipas to Yucatán, Mexico; and one specimen (MCZ 56249) from Chile. 144 '^ REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ^ HETERODACTYLUS

~~HETERODACTYIUS Spix~~

~~182'i Heterodactvlus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.,: 25. Type-species: Heterodactvlus imbricatus Sp ix. I83O Ch irocolus Wagler, Mat. Syst. Amph.: 157* Type-species: Heterodactvlus imbricatus Spix.~~

~~Distribution; Estados do Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, Brazil.~~

~~Content; Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Parietals separated by frontal and intei— 1. Parietales separados por el frontal y el~~

~~parietal lundi i interparietal lund i i Parietals ¡n contact on median line imbricatus Parietales contactan en la linea media ~ — imbricatus~~

~~HETERODACTYLUS IMBRICATUS Spix~~

~~182'i Heterodactvlus imbricatus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 25, pi. 27, fig. 1. Type-locality: Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Valley of Paraiba River; Distrito Federal; Estado do Rio de Janeiro to central Minas~~

~~Gera i s, Braz il.~~

~~HETERODACTYLUS LUNDI I Reinhardt and Lütl~~

~~1862 Heterodactvlus Lundi i Reinhardt and LOtken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhaven, 3 (I86I): 214, pi. 6, figs. 10. Type-locality: Serra da Piedade, Minas Gerais, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. i~~

~~145 repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * '^ "^ "^ HOMONOTA~~

~~HOMONOTA Gray~~

~~Homonota Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 1845 l/l. Type-species: Gymnodactylus Guidichaud i Dumeril and~~

Bibron (lapsus for Gymnodactylus i - qaudichaudi Dumeril and Bibron) Homonota darwin i i Boulenger. 1845 Cubi na Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 1/4. Type-species: Gymnodactylus fase iatus Dumeril and Bibron. 1845 Cubinia Gray (substitute name for Cubina Gray, 1845), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 2/4. 155* Wallsaurus Underwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 475. Type-species: Gymnodactylus liorridus

~~Burme i ster.~~

~~Distribution: South America south of about 25°S, on both sides of Andes.~~

~~Content: Eight species, according to most recent revision, by Kluge, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2153, 1564. Kluge also included Gymnodactylus qaudichaudi Dumeril and Bibron, here considered a member~~

~~of the genus Garth ia .~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Rostral crease not ^-shaped; subcaudals 1. Surco rostral sin forma de ^ ; subcaudales enlarged 2 agrandadas 2 Rostral crease ^-shaped; subcaudals undif- Surco rostral en forma de subcaudales ^ ; f erent la ted dorb iqn I i ind if erenc i a das dorbi qn i I

2. Dorsal body surfaces with regular 2. Superficie dorsal del cuerpo con filas longitudinal rows of keeled scales 3 longitudinales regulares de escamas quilladas- Dorsal body surfaces without regular 3 longitudinal rows of l

qu i liadas 6 3. Enlarged keeled scales of longitudinal rows not imbricate; general coloration brownish yellow- 3. Escamas quilladas agrandadas de filas longi- 4 tudinales no imbricadas; coloración general Enlarged keeled scales of longitudinal rows pardo amarillento 4 Imbricate; general coloration grayish black Escamas quilladas agrandadas de filas longl- uruquayens is tudinales imbricadas; coloración general negro gr isacea uruquayens is

4. External ear opening large, oval; keeled scales 4. Abertura auditiva externa grande y oval; of longitudinal body rows strongly developed; escamas quilladas de filas longitudinales fewer than 25 scales in primary paravertebral sobre el cuerpo fuertemente desarrolladas; row between axilla and groin 5 menos de 25 escamas en la fila paravertebral External ear opening small, round; keeled primarla, entre la axila y la ingle 5 scales of longitudinal body rows weakly Abertura auditiva externa pequeña y circular; developed; 25 or more scales in primary para- escamas guilladas de filas longitudinales vertebral row between axilla and groin sobre el cuerpo débilmente desarrolladas; 25 o borell más escamas en la fila paravertebral primaria

~~entre la axila y la ingle borell i~~

~~5. Fifteen or more enlarged interorbital scales; 5* ^°'^ 15 ° "'^^ escamas interorbitales agrandadas; parts of margin of external ear opening not parte de los márgenes de la abertura auditiva~~

denticulate; anterior guiar scales small, externa sin dent iculac i ón; guiares anteriores granulai fase lata pequeñas y granulares fase lata Fewer than I5 enlarged interorbital scales; all IVIenos de I5 escamas interorbitales agrandadas; margins of external ear opening denticulate; dent iculac ion en todos los márgenes de la anterior guiar scales large, platelike abertura auditiva externa; guiares anteriores

~~horr i da grandes y planas horr i da~~

6. Subcaudals triangular or round, not greatly 6. Subcaudales triangulares o circulares, no enlarged, lateral margins bordered by one agrandadas considerablemente, márgenes later- large or two small scales, regularly alter- ales bordeados por la alternancia regular de rating this sequence 7 una escama grande seguida de dos pequeñas 7 Subcaudals rectangular, greatly enlarged, Subcaudales rectangulares, agrandadas considera- lateral margins in every case bordered by only blemente, márgenes laterales bordeadas en todos

~~i ii one scale wh i t i i los casos por una sola escama wh t i~~

~~146 HOMONOTA~~

~~7. Belly immaculate (devoid of all chromato- 7- Vientre inmaculado (ausente de cromatóf oros)~~

~~phores) underwoodi underwood i Belly covered with sparsely scattered chromato- Vientre cubierto con escasos y esparcidos~~

~~phores darwl n i i cromatóf oros darwi n i i~~

~~HOMONOTA BORELL I I (Peracca)~~

~~1857 Gymnodactylus Borelli i Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 12 (274): 2. Type- locality! Salta, Argentina. 1964 Homonota borell —Kluqe. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 10, fig. 3,~~

~~Distribution: Northern Argentina, Chaco region and Provincias de La Rioja, Buenos Aires, Salta and Córdoba,~~

~~HOMONOTA DARWIN I I Boulenger~~

I845 Homonota Gu i d ichaudi — Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 171- ^''9- 1885 Homonota darwin i i Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 21, pi. 3> !• Type-locality: Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz Provincia, Argentina.

~~1964 Homonota darwini i —Kluqe, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 22, fig. 6.~~

~~Distribution: Uruguay and Argentina, 25 - 47 S.~~

~~HOMONOTA DÜRBIGNI I (Dumlril and Bibron)~~

I836 Gymnodactylus Dorbiqn i i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 3= *18. Type-locality: Provincia de la Laguna and Valparaiso, Chile; corrected and restricted by Duméril, Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept., I85I, 44, to area along Río Grande, at Pampa Ruiz (between Vallé Grande and Pescado), Departamento Chuquisaca, Bolivia; additional clarification in d'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amerique Meridionale, Strasbourg, 5 (l). Reptiles, according to Kluge, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193, 1964, 35-36.

~~1964 Homonota dorb iqn i i —Kluqe. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 33, fig. 10.~~

~~Distribution: Central and northern Chile; south central Bolivia.~~

~~Comment: Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile, I966, 122, considers this species to belong in Garth ia .~~

~~HOMONOTA FASCIATA (Duméril and Bibron)~~

I836 Gymnodactylus fase iatus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 3= 420. Type-locality: "Martinique"; considered as unknown by Kluge, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193j ^3^^j 21. 1964 Homonota fase iata — Kluqe. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 20.

~~1965 Gymnodactylus ( Gymnodactylus ) pasteur i Wermuth (replacement name for Gymnodactylus fase iatus Duméril and Bibron), Das Tierreich, 80: 63.~~

~~1965 Homonota pasteur i Wermuth (replacement name for Gymnodactylus fase i atus Duméril and Bibron), Das Tierreich, 80: 201.~~

~~Distribution: Unknown. Kluge, loe. cit., 21, rejects Martinique as a valid locality for the~~

~~spec i es.~~

~~HOMONOTA HÓRRIDA (Burmeister)~~

~~I86I Gymnodactylus horr i dus Burmeister, Reise Durch die La Plata Staaten, 2: 522. Type-locality: Near Mendoza, in a gorge near Challao, Provincia Mendoza, Argentina.~~

~~I895 Gymnodactylus ma ttoqrossens i s Berg, An. Mus. Buenos Aires, 4: 191- Type-locality: Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1964 Homonota hórrida —Kluge, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: I6, fig. 5.~~

~~Distribution: Paraguay; southeastern Bolivia; Mato Grosso, Brazil, to Provincia Mendoza, western~~

~~Argent i na.~~

~~HOMONOTA UNDERWOODI Kluge~~

~~1964 Homonota underwoodi Kluqe. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 25, fig. 7. Type-locality: Agua de la~~

~~Pena, Hoyada de I sch gualasto, 82 km northwest of San Augustin de Valle Fértil, Provincia San i~~

~~Juan, Argent i na.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias San Juan and Mendoza, Argentina. 147 HOMONOTA~~

~~HOMONOTA URUGUAYENSIS ( Vaz-Ferre ira and Sierra de Soriano)~~

1961 Wallsaurus uruquayensis Vaz-Ferreira and Sierra de Soriano, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 5 (51): 2, pl.l, figs. l-2j pi. 2, figs. I-3. Type-locality: Arroyo de la Invernada, Departamento de Artigas, Uruguay.

~~1564 Homonota uruquayens i s —Kluge, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2153: 13» fig. *•~~

~~Distribution: Departamentos de Artigas and Tacuarembó, Uruguay,~~

~~HOMONOTA WHITI I Boulenger~~

~~188'5 Homonota wh i t i i Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 22, pi. 3, fig. 6-6a. Type-locality: Cosquin, Provincia Córdoba, Argentina.~~

~~1964 Homonota wh i t i i —Kluge. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2193: 29, fig. 8.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias de Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta and Tucumán; Argentina. 148 ___^ REPULÍA: SAURlA: IGUANIDAE * "^ * HOPLOCERCUS~~

~~HOPLOCERCUS Fitzinger~~

1849 HoDlocercus Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.: 78. Type-species: Hoplocercus spinosus Fitzinger. I854 Pachvcercus Duges and Braconnier, in A. Dumeril, Rev. Mag. Zool., 5*- 29. Type-species: Pachycercus aculeatus Dug^s and Braconnier.

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~HOPLOCERCUS SPINOSUS Fitzinger~~

184'^ Hoplocercus spinosus Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.; 78. Type-locality: America and Brazil. I854 Pachvcercus aculeatus Dugis and Braconnier, in A. Oumeril, Rev. Mag. Zool., 5' 29, pi. 12, figs. 1-4. Type-locality: SSo Paulo, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Mato Grosso, Goias, and southern Para, Brazil; does not occur in Sao Paulo, according to P. Vanzolini. 149 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE **** IGUANA~~

~~IGUANA Laurenti~~

~~Iguana Laurenti, 1768 Synopsin Reptillum; 47. Type-spec i es: Iguana tuberculata Laurenti.~~

~~18^0 Hypsilophus Wagler. Nat. Syst. Amph.: 147. Type-spec i es: Lacerta iguana Linnaeus. 1828 Pr ionodus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 21 (S/j): 860. Type-spec les: Lacerta iguana Linnaeus.~~

~~Distribution: Tropical America from Mexico to southern Brazil and Paraguay; coastal islands of Caribbean area; West Indies.~~

~~Content: Two species, one ( del ¡cat iss ima Laurenti) ex tral in i tal .~~

~~IGUANA IGUANA (Linnaeus)~~

~~17'58 Lacerta Iguana Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 206. Tvpe-locaJ i ty: "In Indiis".~~

~~1898 Iguana [ iguana j —Van Denburgh, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I857: 461.~~

~~Distribution: From Mexico and adjacent Caribbean islands to southern Brazil and Paraguay.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. With two or three soft tubercles on 1. Con dos tres tubérculos blandos y cónicos~~

~~snout rh i nolopha en el hocico rh i nolopha~~

~~No on i tubercles snout guana Sin tubérculos en el hocico i guana~~

~~I guana i guana i guana (Linnaeus)~~

?1768 Iguana m i nima Laurenti, Synopsin Reptillum: 48. Type-locality: Unknown. 1768 Iguana tuberculata Laurenti, Synopsin Reptillum: 48. Type-locality: Unknown. 1802 Iguana caerulea Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., J: 286. Type-locality: Surinam and Formosa. l|_ 1806 guana j vulgaris Link (replacement name for Lacerta i guana Linnaeus), Beschreibung der Natural ien-Sammlung der Universitat zu Rostock, 2: 58. 1820 Iguana sapidissima Merrem, Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum: 4/. Type-locality: Tropical America.

I825 I guana squamosa Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Braz.: 5> Pl • 5- Type-locality: Bahia and Para, Braz 11. I825 Iguana vir id is Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 6, pi. 6. Type-locality: Rio San Francisco, Itapicuru, Brazil. I825 Iguana emarg inata Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: ], pi. 8. Type-locality: Rio San Francisco, Brazil. 182^) Iguana lophyroides Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 8, pi. 9- Type-locality: Forest of Rio de Janeiro, and Bahia, Brazil. 1898 Iguana iguana [ iguana j—Van Denbergh, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1897: 461.

~~Distribution: From southern Costa Rica and adjacent Caribbean islands to tropical South America.~~

~~I guana iguana rh i nolopha Wiegmann~~

I834 Iguana ( Hyps ilophus ) rh I nolophus Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 44. Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci Bull., 33, 1550, 347-

~~1898 Iguana iguana rh i nolopha — Van Denburgh, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I897: 46l.~~

Distribution: Sinaloa and Veracruz, Mexico to southern Costa Rica. 150 ^-^ * IPHISA repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * *

~~IPHISA Gray~~

~~I85I I ph isa Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85I! 35* Type-species; I ph isa elegans Gray.~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content; One species.~~

~~IPHISA ELEGANS Gray~~

~~I85I Iphisa eleoans Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85I; 39» pl» 6. fig. 3' Type-locality; Para, Brazil. 188S Iphisa elegans — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 424.~~

~~Distribution; Amazonian Brazil; Guianas; Amazonian lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. — —~~

~~151 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE KENTROPYX~~

~~KENTROPYX Spix~~

~~1825 KentroPYX Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 21, pi. 22, fig. 2. Type-species: Kentropyx calcaratus Spix~~

1826 Pseudoame i va Fitzinger, Neue Classification Reptiljen: 21. Type-species: Lacerta striata Daudln. I83O Trachyqaster Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 15*. Type-species: Kentropyx calcaratus Spix. 183'1 Centropyx Wiegmann (emendation of Kentropyx Spix), Herpetologia Mexicana: '), I845 Acanthopyqa Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 23. Type-species: Lacerta str iata Daudin.

~~Distribution: Soutli America east of Andes.~~

~~Content: Nine species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales l~~

~~Dorsal scales smooth altamazon i cus Escamas dorsales lisas altamazon icus~~

~~2. Head concave dorsally- 2. Cabeza dorsalmente cóncava 3~~

~~Head flat dorsally -will iamson i Cabeza dorsalmente plana wi 11 iamson i~~

~~3. First pair of mental shields separated 3. Primer par de escudos mentales separados 4 First pair of mental shields in contact- Primer par de escudos mentales en contacto 5~~

~~4. Dorsal scales imbricate — ' ir idi str i qa 4. Escamas dorsales imbricadas v ir i di str iqa~~

~~Dorsal scales juxtaposed- — paulens i s Escamas dorsales yuxtapuestas paulens is~~

5. Middorsal scales considerably larger than 5. Escamas mediodorsales notablemente mayores que laterals 6 las laterales 6 Middorsal scales not appreciably larger than Escamas mediodorsales no aprec iablemente laterals 7 mayores que las laterales 7

~~6. Number of femoral pores II-I5 1 ntermedius 6. Numero de poros femorales II-15 intermed ius Number of femoral pores 5"7 str iatus Número de poros femorales 5~7 str iatus~~

~~7. Three supraocular scales, second never 7. Tres supraoculares, la segunda nunca más smallest 8 pequefia 8 Four supraocular scales, second smallest Cuatro supraoculares, con la segunda más~~

~~laqart i ja pequeña laqart i ¡a~~

3. Femoral scales in contact with row of femoral 8. Escamas femorales que tocan la hilera de poros pore scales same size as median guiar scales- femorales apenas tan grandes como las guiares ~ calcaratus medianas-——-——-——— calcaratus Femoral scales in contact with row of femoral Las mismas escamas mayores que las guiares

~~pore scales larger than median guiar scales med i anas pelv jeeps pelv jeeps~~

~~KENTROPYX ALTAMAZON ICUS Cope~~

~~1876 Centropyx altamazon ¡cus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): 162. Type-local i ty Moyabamba, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~KENTROPYX CALCARATUS Spi>~~

~~182S Kentropyx calcaratus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., 21: pi. 22, fig. 2. Type-locality: Rio Itapicuru, MaranhJo, Brazil,~~

~~Distribution: Northern part of Amazonian Basin of South America.~~

Comment: Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, 1885, 391» included a "Centropyx vittatus Wiegmann" in the synonymy of this species, but in the original publication, Wiegmann (Herpetologia Mexicana, I834, 26) simply stated that specimens of K. calcaratus Spix had been called "Centropygem vittatum", (without italics) on the museum shelves. This appear to be a nomen nudum, and is not admissable as an available name. .

~~152 KENTROPYX~~

~~Stejneger, in a handwritten note in an interleaved copy of Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2,~~

1885, has noted that Boulenger did not include Lacerta v I ttata Schinz, in Cuvier, Das Thierr., 2, 1822, 45, from Brazil, as a species of Kentropyx . It is unclear to us what its relationship is, although Stejneger placed it opposite calcaratu s Spix, suggesting a possible synonymy.

~~KENTROPYX INTERMEDIUS (Gray)~~

I83I Teius fC.[ entroDyx ]) Intermedius Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, '): 31- Type-locality: Surinam. IBS'? Centropyx Borckiana Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I865! 64. Type-locality: Guiana.

I887 Centropyx Cop i i Carman, Bull. Essex Inst., I5: 2. Type-locality: Barbados. 1926 Gastropholis mertensi De Grijs, Mitt. Zool. Staatinst. Hamburg, 42: 37, Type-locality: Wari, Niger-Delta, Africa, in error.

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America.~~

~~KENTROPYX LAGARTIJA Gallardo~~

~~1562 Kentropyx laqart i ja Gallardo, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 18: 246, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: Río Sal i, Tucumán, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type-locality.~~

~~KENTROPYX PAULENSIS Boettger~~

~~1893 Centropyx paulensis Boettger, Katalog der Rept i 1 i en-Sammlung im Mus. Senckenbergschen Naturforsch. Ges., 1: 73- Type-locality: Sao Paulo, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Brazil.~~

~~KENTROPYX PELVICEPS Cope~~

~~1868 Centropyx pelviceps Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1868: ^8, Type-locality: Napo or Upper Amazon of Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador.~~

~~KENTROPYX STRIATUS (Oaudin)~~

~~1802 Lacerta st riata Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 3: 247. Type-locality: Surinam.~~

~~1862 Centropyx decodon Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I86I: 455- Type-locality: Surinam. 1869 Centropyx Renqqerii Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I869: 63. Type-locality: Paraguay.~~

~~Distribution: Northern South America.~~

~~KENTROPYX VIRIDISTRIGA Boulenger~~

1894 Centropyx viridistriqa Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) I3: 343. Type-locality: near Asunción, Paraguay. 1960 Kentropyx viridistriqa — Hellmich, Abh. Bayerischen Akad. Wiss. Math. -Naturw i ss. Kl,, new ser., 101: 62.

~~Distribution: Paraguay; Chaco, Argentina; Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~KENTROPYX WILLIAMSONl Ruthven~~

~~1929 Kentropyx williamsoni Ruthven. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 206: 1. Type-locality: Manaus, Braz il~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. —~~

~~153 REPTILIA: SAURlA: IGUANIDAE * * ^^ * LAEMANCTUS Prepared by Clarence J. McCoy, Jr., Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania~~

~~LAEMANCTUS Wiegmann~~

~~18SA Laemanctus Wieqmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 45- Type-species: Laemanctus lonqipes Wiegmann.~~

~~Distribution: Atlantic lowlands from Tamaulipas, Mexico to northwestern Honduras, below 65O meters.~~

~~Content: Two species, according to the most recent revision by McCoy, Copeia, I568, 665, one of~~

~~which ( serratus Cope) is extral im i tal,~~

~~LAEMANCTUS LONG I PES Wiegmann~~

~~18^4 Laemanctus lonqipes Wieqmann; Herpetologia Mexicana: 46, pi. 4. Type-locality: Jalapa, Mexico.~~

~~Distribution: Central Veracruz, Mexico to northwestern Honduras and possibly Nicaragua.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies are recognized by McCoy, Copeia, I568, 666 et seq., one of which~~

~~( lonqipes Wieqmann) is ex tral i m i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Scales around m i dbody 3''"*9 (average 44); 1. Escamas en el medio cuerpo 34-45 (promedio guiar fold continuous across throat 44); pliegue guiar cont'nuo a través de la~~

~~deborre i garganta deborre i Scales around midbody 3O-32 (average 3^)5 Escamas en el medio cuerpo 30"32 (promedio~~

~~guiar fold interrupted or absent waiters i 3^)'> pliegue guiar interrumpido o ausente-~~

~~waiters i~~

~~Laemanctus long i pes deborre i Boulenger~~

~~I877 Laemanctus de Borre i Boulenger, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 2: 464, pl. 7- Type-locality: Tabasco, Mex ico.~~

~~1568 Laemanctus lonq i pes deborre i —McCoy, Copeia, I968: 668.~~

~~Distribution: Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, to northwestern Honduras, and coastal areas northward to central Veracruz, Mexico. A record from Nicaragua requires verification.~~

~~Laemanctus lonq ipes waiters i Schm i dt~~

~~1533 Laemanctus waltersi Schmidt. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 20: 20. Type-locality: Lake Ticamaya, Honduras. 1568 Laemanctus lonqipes waltersi —McCoy, Copeia, I568: 67O.~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean slopes of northwestern Honduras.~~

~~369-215 O—70 11 i~~

~~154 repulía: SAURIA: SCINCIDAE * * * LEIOLOPISMA~~

~~LEIOLOPISMA Ouméril and Bibron~~

1835 Le iolopisma Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= 7*2. Type-spec Íes: Scincus Telfairi Oesjardins, 1843 Eulep is Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-spec ies: Lyqosoma Duperrey Duméril and Bibron. 18*3 Le iolep Isma Fitzinger (emendation of Le iolopisma ), Systema Reptilium: 22.

1843 Lamproofiol is Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-spec ies: Lygosoma Gu ichenot i Duméril and Bibron. 1845 L ¡pinja Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 84. Type-species: L ipin ia pulcliella Gray. 1845 Carl la Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.; 2]1, Type-species: Lyqosoma melanopoqon Duméril and Bibron.

~~1857 Cycled ina Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1857= 195' Type-species: Cyclodina aenea G irard.~~

~~18S7 Hombronia Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1857: 196. Type-species: Hombronia fasciolaris G irard.~~

18'í7 Lyoosomella Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1857' l?^. Type-species: Lyqosomella aestuosa Girard. ica 1857 01 iqosoma Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1857= 13^- Type-species: Mocoa zeyland Gray. 1873 L iosc incus Bocage, Jour. Acad. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisbon, 4: 228. Type-species: L lose incus

Ste indachner i i Bocage. 1873 Trop idosc incus Bocage, Jour. Acad. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisbon, 4: 23O. Type-species: Trop idosc incus Aubr ianus Bocage. 1879 Saurosc incus Peters, Sitz. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1879= 1^3' Type-species:

Saurosc incus braconn i er i Peters. 1884 Myoph ila DeVis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1: 77- Type-species: Myoph ila vi vax DeVis. 1884 Lyg isaurus DeVis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1: 77- Type-species: Lyq isaurus f ol iorum DeVis. 1950 Sc incella Mittleman, Herpetolog ica, 6: 19- Type-species: Scincus lateralis Say.

~~Distribution: North and Central America, South Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands.~~

~~Content: About IO5 species, only three of which occur within limits of this wori<. Synonymy of genus follows Romer, Osteology of the Reptiles, 1952, 5*9"~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Adpressed limbs do not overlap in adults 2 1. Extremidad anterior y posterior opuestas entre Adpressed limbs strongly overlapping in si no se juntan en adultos 2 opuestas entre adults cherr ie i Extremidad anterior y posterior sí, se cruzan en adultos cherr le i

2. More than 65 dorsal scales between parietals 2. Escamas dorsales entre parietales y nivel anal and level of anus; 28 or more scales around más de 65; 28 o más escamas al medio del middle of body assatum cuerpo assatum nivel anal Fever than 65 dorsal scales between parietals Escamas dorsales entre parietales y and level of anus; 28 or fewer (usually 26) menos de 65; 28 o menos escamas (generalmente scales around middle of body incertum 26) alrededor del medio del cuerpo incertum

~~LEIOLOPISMA ASSATUM (Cope)~~

~~1864 Lampropholis assatus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: I79. Type-locality: Volcán Izalco, El Salvador. 1937 Le iolopisma assatum —Oliver, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 36O: 12.~~

~~Distribution: Colima, Mexico to El Salvador.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( taylor i Oliver) extral Imi tal.~~

~~Le iolop isma assatum assatum Cope~~

~~1937 Leioloplsma assatum assatum Oliver, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 36O: 15-~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Chiapas, Mexico, to El Salvador. 155 LEIOLOPISMA~~

~~LEIOLOPISWA CHERRIEI (Cope)~~

~~189^ Mocoa cherriei Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 3I: 34O. Type-locality: El Palmar, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Tabasco, Mexico to Panama.~~

~~Content: Four subspecies, one of which ( stuart i Smith) is ex tral in i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. More than 2/ scales around midbody; more Más de 27 escamas alrededor del medio del than 60 scales between parietals and cuerpo; más de 60 escamas entre los parie- level of anus 2 tales y el nivel anal 2 Less than 25 scales around midbody; less Menos de 25 escamas alrededor del medio del than 60 scales between parietals and cuerpo; menos de 60 escamas entre los level of anus ixbaac parietales y el nivel anal ixbaac

2. Primary temporal normally s ingle, if not, Temporal primaria frecuentemente única, si lower scale much larger than upper and no la escama inferior es much'o más grande touches upper secondary temporal; upper que la superior y toca la temporal secun-

secondary temporal largei cherr ie i daria superior; temporal secundaria Two primary temporals, upper equal to or superior mucho más grande cherriei slightly smaller than lower, only upper Dos temporales primarias, la superior igual touching upper secondary temporal; upper o ligeramente menor que la inferior, la secondary temporal smallei única superior toca la temporal secundaria lamprophol is superior; temporal secundaria superior

~~men 01 lamprophol i s~~

~~Le iolop isma cherr ie i cherr ie i (Cope)~~

~~1903 L yqosoma assatum var. brev is Werner, Abh. K. Bayer Akad. Wiss. Mijnchen, 22: 3*5' Type- locality: Cobán, Guatemala. 1946 Leiolopisma cherriei cherriei —Smith, Herpetolog ica, 3= HI.~~

~~Distribution: Tabasco, Mexico, to southwestern Costa Rica.~~

~~Le iolop isma cherr ie i ixbaac (Stuart)~~

~~1940 Lyqosoma assatum ixbaac Stuart, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 421: 8. Type-locality: Chichen Itza, Yucatán, Mexico.~~

~~1946 Le iolop isma cherr ie i ixbaac—Smith, Herpetolog ica, J: 111.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Yucatán Peninsula south to central El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~Le iolop i sma cherr ie i lamprophol i s Taylor~~

~~1956 Le iolop isma cherr ie i lamprophol is Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 3^: 287, ^'9^. 71"72. Type-locality: Bataan, Limón, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Northern and eastern Costa Rica.~~

~~LEIOLOPISMA INCERTUM (Stuart)~~

~~1940 Lygosoma incertum Stuart, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 421: 10. Type-locality: Volcán Tajumulco, Guatemala. 1946 Leiolopisma incertum —Smith, Herpetolog ica, 3= 111.~~

~~Distribution: Moderate elevations on Pacific slopes of southwestern Guatemala, as well as Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. 156 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE '^ "^ "^ LEIOSAURUS~~

~~LEIOSAURUS Dumlril and Bibron~~

1837 Le iosaurus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 241. Type-spec Íes: Leiosaurus Bell i i Dumlril and B Ibron. 1847 L iosaurus Agassiz (substitute name for Le iosaurus Duméril and Bibron), Nomenclátor Zoologici Index Universalis: 212.

~~1857 Aperopr i st i s Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 12 (295)! 1. Type-species:~~

~~Aperopr ist i s Paronae Peracca.~~

~~Distribution: Argentina and presumably adjacent Brazil.~~

Content: In most recent revision by Gallardo, Physis, 22, I56I, II3-II8, five species were included. Two of these have been transferred elsewhere, but two others have since been added, leaving total at five.

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Infradigital lamellae smooth or indistinctly 1. Lámelas inf rad ig I tales lisas o indistintamente 2 keeled 2 qu i lia das~~

~~Infradigital lamellae keeled 3 Lámelas inf rad ig i tales quilladas 3~~

~~2. Venter with broken brown longitudinal lines; no 2. Vientre con líneas pardas quebradas; no hay~~

~~black antehumeral collai bell i i collar negro prehumeral bell i i Venter light, without brown longitudinal lines; Vientre claro, sin líneas longitudinales~~

~~black antehumeral collar present hardens i s pardas; collar negro prehumeral presente- - bardens i s~~

3. Dorsal scales homogeneous; ventrals smooth; no 3- Dorsales homogéneas; ventrales lisas; no hay dorsal or nuchal crests 4 cresta dorsal ni nucal 4 Dorsal scales heterogeneous, with tubercular Escamas dorsales heterogéneas con escamas scales sometimes arranged in rows; ventrals tuberculadas a veces ordenadas en hileras; keeled; weak nuchal and dorsal crests of ventrales quilladas; con débiles crestas nucal pointed scales ' paronae y dorsal de escamas puntiagudas paronae

~~4. Dorsal pattern of arrowhead-shaped dark spots — 4. Diseño dorsal de manchas oscuras con forma de~~

~~catamarcens i s punta de flecha ca tamarcens i s~~

~~Dorsal pattern of broad, transverse dark bands- Diseño dorsal de bandas transversales, anchas y fase ia tus oscuras fase ia tus~~

~~LEIOSAURUS BARDENSIS Gallardo~~

~~1568 Le iosaurus bardens i s Gallardo, Neotropica, 14; 5> 'fig- Type-locality: Altos de Cochicó, Cochicó, Puelén, La Pampa, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias de La Pampa and San Juan, Argentina.~~

~~LEIOSAURUS BELL! I Duméril and Bibron~~

~~I837 Le iosaurus Bell i i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 242. Type-locality: Mexico, in error.~~

~~1561 Leiosaurus belli i — Gallardo. Physis, 22: 114.~~

~~Distribution: Santa Cruz, Chubut, Río Negro, Mendoza and Neuquén, Argentina.~~

~~LEIOSAURUS CATAMARCENS IS (Koslowsky)~~

~~1898 Liosaurus catamarcens i s Kns1nw<;ky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: I69, pl. 1. Type-locality: Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. 1561 Leiosaurus catamarcens is — Gallardo, Physis, 22: 114.~~

~~Distribution: Western parts of Provincias Mendoza, San Juan, La Rioja and Catamarca, Argentina.~~

~~LEIOSAURUS FASCIATUS D'Orbigny and Bibron~~

1847 Leiosaurus fasciatus D'Orbigny and Bibron, Voyage dans L'Amerique Meridionale, 5 (l): 8, pl. 3, figs. 5-7, Type-locality: Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina. Distribution: Patagonia, Argentina. 157 LEIOSAURUS

~~LEIOSAURUS PARONAE (Peracca)~~

~~I857 Aperopristis Paronae Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 12 (299): 1, pi. Type- locality: Brazil. 1961 Leiosaurus paronae — Gallardo, Physis, 22: II5.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil (probably southern); central parts of northern half of Argentina. I~~

~~158 REPTILIA: SAURlA: GEKKONIDAE * * LEPIDOBLEPHARIS~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS Peracca~~

1897 Lepidoblepharis Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 12 (3OO): 1. Type-species: Lepidoblepliar is f estae Peracca. 1916 Lathroqecko Rutliven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 21: 1. Type-species: Lepidoblepharis sanctae-martae Ruthven.

~~Distribution: Central America, northern South America.~~

~~Content: Eight species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales juxtaposed 2 1. Escamas dorsales yuxtapuestas 2 Dorsal scales imbricate sanctaemartae Escamas dorsales imbricadas sanctaemartae~~

~~2. Dorsal scales uniform in size 3 2. Escamas dorsales de tamaño uniforme 3 Dorsal scales heterogeneous, granules mixed Escamas dorsales heterogéneas, granulos con~~

~~with enlarged scales ruthven i escamas grandes ruthven i~~

~~3. Dorsal scales without keels * 3- Escamas dorsales no guilladas 4 Dorsal scales strongly keeled or tuberculai Escamas dorsales fuertemente guilladas o tu-~~

~~xanthos t i qma berculares xanthost i qma~~

4. Scales on the snout larger than those on rest 4. Escamas del hocico mayores que las del resto de of head 5 1^ cabeza 5 Scales on the snout not larger than those on Escamas del hocico no mayores que las del resto rest of head 7 de la cabeza 7

5. Scales bordering postmentals same size as the 5- Escamas inmediatas a las posmentales no mayores other guiar scales 6 que las guiares anteriores 6 Scales bordering postmentals larger than re- Escamas inmediatas a las posmentales mayores

~~maining gulars buchwald i que las restantes guiares buchwald i~~

~~6. No grooves in mental oxycephalus 6. Mental sin ranuras oxycephalus Two grooves in posterior half of mental Dos ranuras en la parte posterior del mental~~

~~i i ntermed i us ntermed ius~~

7. Granules on snout larger than dorsal granules; "] . Granulos del hocico mayores que los dorsales; postmentals enlarged f es tae posmentales agrandados f es tae Granules on snout smaller than dorsal granules; Granulos del hocico menores que los dorsales; postmentals not enlarged peraccae posmentales no agrandados peraccae

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS BUCHWALD Werner~~

~~1510 Lep i doblephar i s buchwaldi Werner, Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, 27: 8. Type-locality: Hacienda Clementina, Babahoyo, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS FESTAE Peracca~~

~~1857 Lepidoblepharis festae Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 12 (3OO): 2, fig. Type-locality: San José de Cuchipamba, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; Amapa, Amazonas, and Para, Brazil.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies. 159 LEPIDOBLEPHARIS~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Mental bordered by scales identical in size 1. Escamas que forman el borde posterior del with guiar scales; 14-16 transverse rows mental son del mismo tamaño que las of ventrals; 14-1$ infradigital lamellae guiares; 14-16 hileras transversales de under fourth toe on hind foot festae ventrales; 14-15 lámelas bajo del cuarto Mental bordered by row of scales much dedo de la extremidad posterior festae larger than guiar scales; 20-22 trans- Escamas que forman el borde posterior del verse rows of ventrals; 11-12 infradigital mental son más grandes que las guiares; lamellae under fourth toe colombianus 20-22 hileras transversales de ventrales; 11-12 lámelas bajo del cuarto dedo colomb ianus

~~Lep i doblepharis festae festae Peracca~~

~~1568 L[ ep i doblepharis j f[ estae ] festae — Mechler, Rev. Suisse Zool., 75: 335, figs. 10-12.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Ecuador and Peru; Amapa, Amazonas, and Para, Brazil.~~

~~Lep i doblephar is festae colomb ianus Mechler~~

~~1968 Lep idoblephar is festae colomb ianus Mechler, Rev. Suisse Zool., 75: 335, figs. I3-I8. Type-locality: Cafetal Argalia, Departamento Cundinamarca, Colombia, I6OO m.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS INTERMEDIUS Boulenger~~

191* Lepi doblephar is intermedius Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914: 814, pi. 1, fig. 2. Type- locality: Peña Lisa, Condoto, Colombia. 1968 Lepi doblepfíar is intermedius — Mechler, Rev. Suisse Zool., 7$: 341, figs. I9-23.

~~Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS OXYCEPHALUS (Werner)~~

I894 Gonatodes oxycephalus Werner. Zool. Anz., I7: ^13. Type-locality: "Ecuador". 19*53 Lepldoblepharis oxvcephalus —Vanzolin!, Rev. Brasil. Biol., I3: 7^*

~~Distribution: Unknown; still not verified from Ecuador.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS PERACCAE Boulenger~~

~~I9O8 Lepldoblepharis peraccae Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 1: 111. Type-locality: Los Mangos, Colombia, 3^0 m.~~

~~Distribution: Southwestern Colombia.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS RUTHVENI Parker~~

~~1926 Lepldoblepharis ruthven i Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 17' 295- Type-locality: Chimbo, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific slope of Ecuador.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS SANCTAEMARTAE (Ruthven)~~

1916 Lathroqecko sanctae-martae Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 21: 2. Type-locality: Fundación, Colombia. 1926 Lepidoblepharis sanctae-martae—Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 17' 294.

~~Distribution; Panama and Colombia.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies. 160 LEPIDOBLEPHARIS~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Mental bordered posteriorly by four or five 1. Mental bordeado posteriormente por cuatro o scales slightly larger than the throat cinco escamas un poco mayores que las granules fuqax escamas de la garganta fuqax Mental bordered posteriorly by three scales Mental bordeado posteriormente por tres much larger than the throat granules escamas, mucho mayores que las escamas de sanctaemartae la garganta sanctaemartae

~~i (Ruthven) Lep i doblephar s sanctaemartae sanctaemartae~~

sanctae-martae — Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 1528 Lep i doblephar is [ sanctae-martae j Mich., I5I: 2. Rev. Suisse Zool., figs. 1568 Lep i doblephar is sanctaemartae sanctaemartae — Mechler, 75' 3^6, 21-28.

~~Distribution: Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.~~

~~Lep i doblephar i s sanctaemartae fuqax Ruthven~~

~~1528 Lepi doblephar is sanctae-martae fuqax Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I5I: 2. Type-locality: Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Panama.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Panama from Canal Zone to Sapo Mountains.~~

~~LEPIDOBLEPHARIS XANTHOSTIGMA (Noble)~~

1916 Lathroqecko xanthostiqma Noble. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2'): 87. Type-locality: Zent, near Puerto Limón, Costa Rica, 1323 Lathroqecko microlepis Noble, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 88: 2. Type-locality: Rio Quesado, region of Rio Atrato, Colombia. 2. 1928 Lepidoblepharis xanthost i qma — Ruthven. Occ, Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I5I: Sci. Bull., figs. 2-3. IS'iS Lepidoblepharis xanthost i gma — Taylor. Univ. Kansas 38= 20,

~~Distribution: Costa Rica to Colombia.~~

Comment: Vanzolini, Arq. Zool. SSo Paulo, I7, I568, 3O, recognized L, microlepis Noble as a valid species, but does not discuss or include L. xanthostiqma in his review of the South American species. It is not clear to us whether he rejects previous synonymy of the two species or not. .

~~^___ 16j. REPTILIA: SAURlA: GEKKONIDAE * * * LEPIDODACTYLUS~~

~~LEPIDODACTYLUS Fitzinger~~

~~1843 Lep i dodactylus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: ')8. Type-species: Platydactylus Luqubr i s Oumlril and Bibron.~~

~~1845 Amydosaurus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: l62. Type-species: Platydactylus luqubr i s Dumlril and~~

~~B i bron.~~

~~Distribution: East Indies; South Asia; Philippines; Polynesia; Australia and New Zealand, acciden- tally transported to Central and South America.~~

~~Content: Twelve species, according to Kluge, Philippine Jour. Sci., 55> 15^6 (I568), 33^, only one of which occurs within limits of this worl<.~~

~~LEPIDODACTYLUS LUGUBRIS (Dumlril and Bibron)~~

~~I836 Platydactylus Luqubr i s Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., 3= 3^4. Type-locality: OtaTti, which is~~

~~same as Tah i t i . 1858 Peropus neqlectus Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I857: I57. Type-locality: Rio de~~

~~Jane i ro, Braz i 1.~~

~~1859 Hem idactylus Me i ¡eri Sleeker, Natuurk. Tijds. Nederl. - I ndi?, ( 4) I6: i]. Type-locality: Bintang, Rhio Archipelago.~~

~~1864 Per i p i a cantor i s Günther, Reptiles of British India: 110. Type-locality: Penang.~~

~~I867 Gecko lab ial i s Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I867: 14. Type-locality: Mindanao,~~

Ph i 1 i pp i nes. I867 Gecko moestus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I867: 13- Type-locality: Pelew Island. 1869 Peropus roseus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 315. Type-locality: Not given.

~~I869 Gymnodactylus Caudelot i Bavay, Mim. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 5' 13' Type-locality: New Caledonia.~~

~~I874 Per i p i a mysorens i s Meyer, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1874: I29. Type-locality: Mysore Island, Schouten Islands, near New Guinea.~~

~~I878 Per i p ia ornata MacLeay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2: '^8, Type-locality: Port Moresby,~~

~~New Gu i nea~~

I885 Lep i dodactylus luqubr i s — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: I65. 1918 Lepidodactylus diverqens Taylor. Philippine Jour. Sci., (d) I3: 242, pi. 1, figs. I-3. Type- locality: Great Govenen Island, Sulu Archipelago.

~~1925 Lep i dodactylus lombocens i s Mertens, Senckenberg iana, 11: 239, "fig. 1. Type-locality: Ekas, Lombok Island.~~

~~1964 Lep i dodactylus intermedius Darevsky, Zool. Anz., 173' 169> f'gs. 1-2. Type-locality: Komodo~~

~~I sland.~~

~~Distribution: Ceylon; Nicobars; Andamans; Burma, Malay Archipelago, I ndo-Austral ian Archipelago; Oceania. Apparently introduced in Colombia.j Ecuador, and Panama; also recorded from Rio de~~

~~Jane i ro, Braz i 1.~~

~~Comment: This synonymy follows Kluge, Philippine Jour. Sci., 96, I966 (1968), 338. 162 repulía: SAURIA: XANTUSIDAE ^k ^ ^ LEPIDOPHYMA~~

~~I.EPIDOPHYMA Oumérü~~

Lepidophyma 1851 LepidoDhyína Dumlril, Cat. Mlth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: I37. Type-species: f lav imaculatus Duméril. Por iodoqaster I863 Poriodogaster Smith, in Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I863: 154. Type-species:

gray i i Sm i th. I878 Akleistops Müller, Verh. Naturforscin. Ges. Basel, 6: 350. Type-species: Akleistops quatennalens is Müller. 1939 Gaigeia Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: 24. Type-species: Lepidophvma qaiqeae Mosauer.

~~Distribution: Mexico to Panama.~~

radu^a Content: Seven species, six of which ( ga ioeae Mosauer, dontomas i Smith, sylvat icum Taylor, summary by Smith, microphol is Walker and pa japanens is Werler) are ex tral im i tal, according to last

~~Savage, Contr. So i . Los Angeles Co. Mus., 71» I963.~~

~~LEPIDOPHYMA FLAV IMACULATUM Duméril~~

~~1851 Lepidophyma f lav imaculatus Dumlril, Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: I37. Type-locality: El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~Distribution: Tamaulipas and Veracruz, Mexico, to Panama.~~

tuxtlae Werler and Content: Eight subspecies, three of which ( tehuanae Smith, tenebrarum Walker, status (see remarks under Shannon) are ex tral im i tal, and two of which are of doubtful oph iophthalmum Taylor).

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~cada muslo 2 1. More than 12 femoral pores on each leg 2 1. Más de 12 poros femorales en — Fewerthan 12 femoral pores on each leg Menos de 12 poros femorales en cada muslo~~

~~i lithi i smithi~~

2. Throat region behind chinshields marked 2. Región del cuello detrás de los escudos with dark brown or black reticulations mentonianos con reticulaciones negras o redondas- enclosing rounded cream spots 3 '^afé encerrando manchas cremosas Throat region behind chinshields lacking 3 definite reticulations, area usually Región del cuello detrás de los escudos light with nearly uniform distribution mentonianos sin reticulaciones, el área es of pigment 4 clara con distribución igual de pigmento-4

3. Dorsal surface of head brown with marks 3- Dorsocef ál ico pardo con marcas que tienden tending to form radiating symmetrical a formar una radiación simétrica; vientre pattern; belly cream anteriorly and black cremoso anteriormente y negro posterioi posteriorly ret iculatum mente ret iculatum Dorsal surface of head yellowish brown Dorsocef al ico amarillo pardo con manchas with isolated small spots, belly yellow- aisladas; vientre amarillento Ish flavimaculatum f lav imaculatum

4. Femoral pores 13-15; one pair of post- 4. Poros femorales 13-15; "" Pai" de post- parietals which may be partly sutured; parietales que puede estar parcialmente first loreal higher than posterior nasal- suturado; primer ioreal más alto que el obscurum nasal posterioi obscurum Femoral pores I6-I8; no trace of post- Poros femorales I6-I8; no hay trazos de parietals or partial sutures; first postparietales ni de suturas parciales; loreal lower than posterior nasal primer loreal más bajo que el nasal oph iophthalmum posterior oph iophthalmum

~~Lep i dophyma f lav imaculatum f lav imaculatum Duméril~~

~~pl. 21. Type- I863 Poriodogaster Gray i i Smith, in Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863: 154, locality: Unknown.~~

~~1878 Lepidophvma fia v i macula tum -^Bocourt . Miss. Se i . Mex . , Rept., 5: 3O6, pl. 20, figs. 2a-2g.~~

~~i Co. Mus., = 1963 Lepidophyma flavimaculatum fia v i macula tum-Savaqe , Contr. Se . Los Angeles 71~~

~~Distribution: Southern Mexico to Guatemala. —~~

~~163 LEPIDOPHYMA~~

~~Lep idophyma flay i maculat urn obscurum Barbour~~

~~1524 Lep i dophynia flay imacula turn obscurum Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, '): 10. Type- locality: Río ChilibriUo, Panama.~~

~~1555 Lep i dophyma anomalum Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37' 55"» "fig- 1^- Type-locality: Los Diamantes, Guápiles, Limón Province, Costa Rica.~~

1563 Lep i dophyma flavimaculatum obscurum—Savage, Contr. Sc ! . Los Angeles Co. Mus., IX: 35*

~~Distribution: Costa Rica and Panama.~~

~~? Lep idophyma f lav imaculatum cppi ioplithalmum Taylor~~

~~19'5'5 Lepidophyma oph iophthalmum Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37= 558, fig. I5. Type- locality: Five km north-northeast of Tilaran, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica.~~

~~71565 Lep i dophyma flay imaculatum oph i ophthalmum—Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 80: I56.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~Comment: Savage, Contr. Sci. Los Angeles Co. Mus., 7I, I563, 32, indicated that this taxon and~~

~~ret i cula t urn Taylor were "members of the flay i macula turn group", but he omitted both names from his summary classification on p. 35- Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 80, 1565» l?^, indicated~~

both taxa as subspecies of f lav imaculatum , but with a question marl< to indicate doubt as to the legitimacy of his action. Savage's intent is not clear, and we are most dubious as to the proper placement of the two taxa, but we follow Wermuth and retain the query.

~~VLepidophyma flavimaculatum ret icula turn Taylor~~

1555 Lep idophyma ret iculatum Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc ! . Bull., 37= 551> f'G- !"• Type-locality: Agua Buena, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. Das 71565 Lep i dophyma flavimaculatum ret i cala turn Wermuth. Tierreich, 80: I56.

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~Comment: See comment under oph iophthalmum Taylor.~~

~~Lep i dophyma f lav imaculatum sm i th i i Bocourt~~

IB76 Lep idophyma Sm i th i i Bocourt, Jour. Zool. Paris, 5= *02. Type-locality: Tehuantepec and and Taylor, western Guatemala; restricted to Mazatenango, Such i tepequez, Guatemala, by Smith Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I55, I55O, I52. I878 Akleistops quatemalensis Müller, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 6: 350, pis. 1-2. Type- locality: Mazatenango, Guatemala.

~~1555 Lep idophyma maculatum Taylor (in error for flay imaculatum ) . Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37 = 545.~~

~~1963 Lepidophyma flavimaculatum smith! i —Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool, Univ. Mich., 122: $8.~~

~~Distribution: Low elevations of Pacific slope from eastern Chiapas, Mexico, to El Salvador. —~~

~~164 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE "^ * * LEPOSOMA~~

~~LEPOSOMA Splx~~

~~1825 leposoma Sp!x, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 24, pi. 2/, fig. 2. Type-species; teposoma sci ncoi des Spix.~~

~~I83O Lep i dosoma Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 157- Type-species: Leposoma sc i neo i des Spix. I845 Lep isoma Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 60. Type-species: Leposoma sci nco ides Spix.~~

1868 Loxophol i s Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: JO^. Type-species: Loxophol is ruqiceps Cope. I885 Mi onyx Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 23: 96. Type-species; Mi onyx par ietale Cope. 1523 Hylosaurus Müller, Zool. Anz., 57= 1^5- Type-species: Hvlosaurus percarinatus Müller.

~~Distribution: Costa Rica to southern Brazil.~~

~~Content; Seven species, according to most recent revision, by Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, 1562.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Frontonasal longitudinally divided 2 1. Frontonasal longitudinalmente dividido 2 Frontonasal si ngle 4 Frontonasal un ico 4~~

2. Pregulars convex, posteriorly pointed; ventrals 2. Pregulares convexas, posteriormente puntia- not in longitudinal rows 3 gudas, ventrales no en hileras longitudinales- Pregulars flat and quadrangular, ventrals in 3 longitudinal rows south! Pregulares planas y cuadrangulares; ventrales

~~en hileras longitudinales south i 3. Interparietal neither longer nor broader than parietals; third pair of postmentals in con- 3- interparietal ni más largo ni ancho que los~~

~~tact with lower labials sc i nco i des parietales; tercer par de posmentales en con-~~

i I nterpar ietal longer and broader than par- tacto cen los nf palab iales sc inco ides ietals; third pair of postmentals separated Interparietal mas largo y ancho que los parie- from lower labtals annectans tales; tercer par de posmentales separado de annectans los inf ralab iales por una escam i ta 4. Scales on side of neck not shaped like dorsals; 32-39 scales from parietals to posterior 4. Escamas a los lados del cuello de contorno margin of hind limbs 5 diferente a las dorsales; 32-39 escamas de los Scales on side of neck keeled, imbricate and parietales al margen posterior de los muslos — shaped like dorsals; 27-3I scales from pai 5 ietals to posterior margin of hind limbs Escamas de los lados del cuello quilladas, ruq iceps imbricadas y de contorno como las dorsales; 27-31 escamas desde los parietales al margen 5. Five preanal scales, median preanal much posterior de los muslos ruq iceps smaller than other preanal scales; female body color not uniform 6 5- Escamas preanales cinco, preanal mediana mucho Five preanal scales, median preanal large, más pequeña que las otras escamas preanales; elongate; female with uniform body color hembra sin color uniforme- - qu ianense Escamas preanales cinco, preanal mediana grande elongada; hembra de color uniforme qu ianense 6. Irregular dorsolateral dark stripe one or two scales wide, extending onto tail where it is 6. Una cinta oscura lateral e irregular de una a bordered below by white stripe originating at dos escamas de ancho extendida en la cola insertion of hind limb; 36~39 scales from donde está bordeada debajo por una cinta parietals to posterior margin of hind limbs blanca originada en la inserción de la extrem-

~~percar i natum idad posterior; 36~39 escamas de las parietals A dark lateral band 4-5 scales wide; no white al margen posterior de las extremidades pos-~~

stripe on tail; 32-3^ scales from parietals teriores percar i natum to posterior margin of hind limbs p ari etale Una banda lateral oscura de cuatro a cinco escamas de ancho; no cinta blanca sobre la cola; 32-36 escamas de los parietales al margen posterior de las extremidades posterio-

~~res — par i etale~~

~~LEPOSOMA ANNECTANS Ruibal~~

~~1952 Leposoma annectans Ruibal. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 486. Type-locality: Bahia, Estado da Bahia, Brazil,~~

~~Distribution: Estado da Bahia, Brazil. 165 LEPOSOMA~~

~~LEPOSOMA GUIANENSE Ruibal~~

~~1552 Leposoma quianense Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 485, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: Dunoon, Demerara River, Guyana.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana and French Guiana.~~

~~LEPOSOMA PARIETALE (Cope)~~

~~1885 MIonyx parietalis Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. See, 23: 56. Type-locality: Pebas, Peru. 1952 Leposoma parietale —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 452.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian region of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~LEPOSOMA PERCARINATUM (Müller)~~

~~1523 Hylosaurus percarinatus Müller, Zool. Anz., 57' 1*6. Type-locality: Peixeboi, Estado do Para, Brazil. 1923 Leposoma taeniata Noble, Zoológica, 3= 3^3- Type-locality: Kartabo, British Guiana.~~

1925 Hylosaurus mueller i Mertens, Senckenberg iana, 7: ](>• Type-locality: Inirida River, southern Venezuela. 1931 Leposoma percarinatum—Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 349. 1952 Leposoma percarinatum—Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 49O.

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America, in Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil.~~

~~LEPOSOMA RUGICEPS (Cope)~~

1869 LoxoDholis ruqiceps Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1868: 3O5. Type-locality: RTo Magdalena, Colombia. 1880 Leposoma dispar Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1880: 21/, pi. 3O9, fig. 2-2c. Type- locality: Caceres, Cauca, Colombia. 1952 Leposoma ruqiceps —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 487.

~~Distribution; Colombia north and east of Andes; Panama.~~

~~LEPOSOMA SCINCOIDES Spix~~

~~1825 Leposoma scincoides Spix. Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 24, pi. 27, fig. 2. Type-locality: Banks of~~

~~Rio Amazon, Braz i 1.~~

~~1962 Leposoma sci nco i des —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 48$.~~

~~Distribution: Northern and central Brazil.~~

~~LEPOSOMA SOUTH! Ruthven and Gaige~~

~~1924 Leposoma south i Ruthven and Gaige, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 147: 1. Type-locality: Progreso, Chiriqui Province, Panama.~~

~~Distribution: Panama to Costa Rica.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Seven dorsal scale rows; guiar scales 1. Siete filas de escamas dorsales; escamas smaller and more numerous; third chin guiares pequeñas y numerosas; tercer shield single; 26 scales around middle escudo mental único; 26 escamas al medio of body; femoral pores 7-7 south i del cuerpo; poros femorales 7-7 southi Five dorsal scale rows; guiar scales larger Cinco filas de escamas dorsales; escamas and fewer in number (2-4 rows); third chin guiares mayores en numero bajo (2-4 filas): shield replaced by two scales; scales tercer escudo mental reemplazado por dos around middle of body fewer than 26; escamas; escamas al medio del cuerpo menos femoral pores 4-4 - orientalis ¿g 26; poros femorales 4-4 orientalis 166 LEPOSOMA

~~Leposoma south! south! Ruthven and Gaige~~

~~1545 Leposoma b !secta Taylor, Un!v. Kansas Sc!. Bull., 33= 275. Type-local !ty: El General, Pacif!c slope, Costa R!ca. iq'i'5 Leposoma south! south! —Taylor, Un!v. Kansas Sc!. Bull., 37: 546.~~

~~Distr ibut !on: Panama to Costa R!ca.~~

~~Leposoma south ! or i ental i s Taylor~~

~~19'i'i Leposoma south! orlental!s Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 37'- 5''6. Type-locality: Volio, Limón Province, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Known from type locality; Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38, 195^, 238, indicates that specimens from Suretl~~

~~LEPOSTERNON Wagler~~

1824 Leposternon Wagler, in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: JO, Type-species: Leposternon iti icrocephalus Wagler. 1825 Leptostermon Gray (emendation of Leposternon Wagler), Thomson's Ann. Phil., (2) 10: 204.

I83O Lep i dosternon Wagler (emendation of Leposternon Wagler). Nat. Syst. Amph.: 157*

~~I832 Cephalopeltis Müller. Zeits. fur Physiol., 4 (2), art. I5: 256. Type-species: Cephalopelt i s~~

cuvi er i i Müller. I847 Leposternum Agassiz (emendation of Leposternon Wagler), Nomenclátor Zoologici Index Universalis: 205. I865 Sphenocephalus Gray (preoccupied by Sphenocephalus Fitzinger, I843), Proc. Zool. Soc. London,

~~I865! 452» Type-species: Lep i dosternon Gray i i Gray,~~

~~Distribution: Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina.~~

~~Content: Six species.~~

Comment: Detailed information on the new synonymies to be found in this account will be published elsewhere by the author of this section. The key below was prepared with the aid of Carlos G. Diefenbach.

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Only two rows of enlarged scales on dorsum of 1. Sólo dos hileras de escamas ensanchadas en head, rostronasal, followed by azygous shield, parte dorsal de la cabeza, la rostronasal, which may or may not be followed by fringe of seguida de escudo azygos puede estar seguida o much smaller segments in the occipital no por un fleco de segmentos mucho más region; suture pattern simple; pectoral pequeños en la región occipital; diseño de su- region covered with large, geometrically turas simple; región pectoral cubierta de es- regular shields 2 cudos grandes geométricamente regulares 2 Three or more rows of enlarged shields on Tres o más hileras de escudos ensanchados en dorsum of head, suture pattern often complex; dorso de la cabeza, diseño de suturas a menudo pectoral region divided or not 3 complejo; región pectoral dividida o no 3

2. Rostronasal followed by enormous azygous shield 2. Rostronasal seguido de un escudo azygos enorme which covers nearly entire dorsal surface of que cubre casi toda la superficie dorsal de la head, narrowly fringed posteriorly by single cabeza, bordeada angostamente a posterior por row of much smaller segments; head shield una sola hilera de segmentos mucho más chicos; strongly keratinized; both mental and post- escudo de la cabeza densamente querat i n i zado; mental present; 253-3O5 postpectoral annuli mental y postmental presentes; 253-3O5 anillos scut igerum post pee tora les scut iqerum Rostronasal followed by large azygous shield, Rostronasal seguido de escudo azygos grande, flanked by triangular prefrontals and small flanqueado de prefrontales triangulares y tem- temporals; headshields not significantly kera- porales chicos; escudo cefálico no muy quera- tinized; single mental-postmental segment; 378 tinizado; segmento mental-postmental único; postpectoral annuli octostegum 378 anillos postpectorales octostequm

3. First supralabial small, followed by large 3* Primer supralabial chico, seguido de segundo second and small third supralabial 4 grande y tercero chico 4 First supralabial large, followed by smaller Primer supralabial grande seguido de segundo second supralabial 5 más chico 5

4. Azygous shield in contact with rostronasal; 4. Escudo azygos en contacto con rostronasal; frontals and median temporals much larger than frontales y temporales medios mucho mayores azygous, longer than wide and arranged linear- que azygos, más largos que anchos y dispuestos ly; infraocular absent; first infralabial linealmente; infraocular ausente; primer small, followed by large second infralabial, infralabial chico seguido de segundo infrala- arrangement of large pectoral shields remini- bial grande; disposición de escudos pectorales scent of hourglass; number of dorsal post- grandes parecida a reloj de arena; nijmero de pectoral annuli generally equal to or rarely anillos postpectorales dorsales generalmente up to 10 more than ventral number, adult snout igual o, raramente hasta 10 más que el número vent length 2O5-432 mm polystequm de ventrales; longitud del adulto del hocico (Second half of dichotomy on following page) al ano 2O5-432 mm pol^ystequm (Segunda mitad de la dicotomía en la pagina si gu iente) 168 LEPOSTERNON

4.. (Cont.) Azygous shield separated from rostro- 4. Escudo azygos separado del rostronasal por su- nasal by wide suture between prefrontals; tura ancha entre pref rontales; frontales frontals about as wide as long, not signifi- aproximadamente tan anchos como largos, no no- cantly larger than azygous shield, temporals toriamente mayores que escudo azygos, tempo- much smaller, infraocular generally present; rales mucho menores; infraocular generalmente first infralabial large; pectoral segments presente; primer infralabial grande; segmentos only slightly enlarged and rounded, sometimes pectorales sólo ligeramente ensanchados y re- with irregular longitudinal fusions; number of dondeados, a veces con fusiones longitudinales dorsal postpectoral annuli always 5~^5 higher irregulares; número de anillos postpectorales than ventral number; adult snout-vent length dorsales siempre 5-^5 más que el número de

~~i hocico-ano adultos 285- 285-600 mm nf raorb i ta le ventrales; longitud de~~

~~600 mm i nf raorb i tale~~

5. Azygous always distinct; pectoral region 5. Azygos siempre distinto; región pectoral cu- covered by three or four pairs of elongate, bierta de tres a cuatro pares de escudos regu- regular shields which may fuse except for mid- lares, alargados que pueden estar fusionados line suture; number of dorsal and ventral excepto en la línea media; número de anillos postpectoral annuli about equal; 242-265 postpectorales dorsales y ventrales aproxima-

~~postpectoral annul i wucherer i damente igual; 242-265 anillos postpectorales-~~

Azygous often irregularly fused with adjacent wucherer i head shields; one median pair of elongate Azygos a menudo fusionado irregularmente con pectoral shields, with other modified, possi- escudos cefálicos adyacentes; un par mediano bly enlarged shields radiating from these de escudos pectorales alargados, con otros anteriorly; 5"25 more dorsal than ventral escudos modificados, posiblemente ensanchados postpectoral annuli, with increase greater que irradian de éstos hacia anterior; 5-^5 más in second, third and fourth fifths of trunk; anillos postpectorales dorsales que ventrales,

~~m i 177-242 postpectoral annuli crocephalum con mayor incremento en segundo, tercer y cuarto quintos del tronco; 177-242 anillos~~

~~post pee tora les m i crocephalum~~

~~LEPOSTERNON I NFRAORB I TALE (Berthold)~~

~~I855 Lep i dosternon i nf raorb i tale Berthold, Nach. Ges. Wiss. G'óttingen, I7: 179- Type-local i ty: Babia, Brazil.~~

~~1881 Lep i dosternum rostra turn Strauch, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pltersbourg, 28: col. 99' Type- locality: Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~1567 Leposternon i nf raorb i tale — Cans. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I35: 82.~~

~~Distribution: Mato Grosso, Goias, Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de~~

~~Jane i ro, Braz i 1.~~

~~LEPOSTERNON Ml CROCEPHALUM Wagler~~

~~1824 Leposternon m i crocephalus Wagler, in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras., 7O. Type-locality: Vicinity of Mandiocca village, near Orgaos mountain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~1825 i A.[ mph sbaena j punctata Wied (substitute name for Leposternon mi crocephalus Wagler), Beitrage zur~~

~~Naturgesch i chte von Brasilien, 1: S^''» 1826 Leposternon m icrocephalum Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptilien: 53'~~

~~I834 Lep i dosternon Max im i 1 ian i Wiegmann (substitute name for Amph i sbaena punctata Wied), Herpetologia Mexicana: 21.~~

~~1848 Lep i dosternon macrocephalum Smith ( lapsus for Leposternon m icrocephalum Wagler, according to Cans, 1966), Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, I834-I845, pi. 67.~~

~~1839 Lep i dosternon phocaena Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= 5'^7' Type-locality: Buenos Aires,~~

~~Argent i na.~~

~~1881 Lep i dosternon qünther i Strauch, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pltersbourg, 28: col. 110. Type- locality: Unknown, but apparently Brazil, according to Strauch.~~

~~1881 Lep i dosternon crassum Strauch, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 28: col. 106. Type-~~

~~local i ty: Braz i 1. 1881 Lepidosternon petersi Strauch. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 28: col. IO3. Type- locality: Brazil.~~

~~I885 Lep i dosternum Boulenqer i Boettger, Zeits. fur Naturwiss., 58' 220. Type-locality: Paraguay.~~

~~I885 Lep i dosternum Strauch i Boettger, Zeits. fur Naturwiss., 58' 221. Type-locality: Paraguay.~~

I885 Lep i dosternum af f i ne Boettger, Zeits. fur I^aturwiss., ^8: 223. Type-locality: Paraguay. 1885 Lepidosternum onychocephalum Boettger, Zeits. fur Naturwiss., '^8: 224, Type-locality: Paraguay.

i I885 Lep dosternon boettger i Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 466, pi. 24, figs, '^a.-'^d. Type- locality: Corrientes, Argentina. 1894 Lepidosternum latifrontale Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 13: 345. Type-locality: Near Asuncion, Paraguay. 169 LEPOSTERNON

~~LEPQSTERNON M ICROCEPHALUM Waqler. continued~~

Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 10 fig. 1855 Lepidosternum Borell i 1 Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. (155): 10, Type-locality: Res istencia. Chaco of Argentina. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 10 12, fig. 1855 Lep idosternum Cameran i_ Peracca, Boll. (155): Type-locality! Luque, Paraguay. 1504 Lepi dosternon laticeps Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, I5 (460): 3, 3 figs. Type-locality: Urucum, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1504 Lepidosternon Carcani Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, I5 (460): 5, fig. Type-locality: Urucum, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1510 Lepidosternon pfefferi Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27 (2): 35. Type-locality: Paraguay. I56O Leposternon mi crocephalum — Hellm ich. Abh. Bayerischen Akad. Wiss., Math. Nat. Kl., new series, 101: 104.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina.~~

~~LEPOSTERNON OCTOSTEGUM (Oumeril)~~

~~Nat. Paris: I50. Type- I85I L.[ epidosternon ] octostequm Dumlril, Cat. Mlth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Hist. locality: Brazil. 1567 Leposternon octostequm — Gans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 135= 82.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type and a specimen from Bahia, Brazil, recorded by Strauch, 1881.~~

~~LEPOSTERNON POLYSTEGUM (Oumeril)~~

Hist. Nat. Paris: I45. Type- I85I L.T epidosternon ] Polystequm Dumlril, Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept. Mus. locality: Bahia, Brazil. America?" 186S Lepidosternon qrayii Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I865: 452. Type-locality: "South

1916 Leposternon polystequm — Schmidt, Herpetolog i ca, 1: 31' 1: pi. fig. 4. Type-locality: Lago I5S6 Leposternon polysteqo i des Schmidt, Herpetolog ica, 3I, 3, Papary, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Para, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, and Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~LEPOSTERNON SCUTIGERUM (Hemprich)~~

1825 Amphisbaena scutiqera Hemprich. Verh. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1: I25. Type-locality: Brazil. Amph isbaena scut iqera i i name for I83I L.[ ep i dosternon ] Hemprich Wiegmann and Ruthe (substitute Hemprich), Handbuch der Zoologie: 186. 1812 Cephalopeltis cuvieri Müller. Zeits. fur Physiol., 4 (2), art. I3: 256. Type-locality: Brazil. I835 Lepidosternon scut iqerum Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., 5= 5^3' Mus. Nat. Hist., 83. 1567 Leposternon scu t i qerum — Gans , Bull. Amer. 135= Distribution: Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

~~LEPOSTERNON WUCHERERI (Peters)~~

1879 Lepidosternon Wuchereri Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I875: 276, pi., figs. 2-2c. Type- locality: Bahia, Brazil. 1855 Lepidosternum sinuosum Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 10 (200): 1, fig. Type-locality: Brazil. 2O3. I5I8 Leposternon wucherer i — Amaral . Mem. Inst. Butantan, 11 (l337):

~~Distribution: Bahia, Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~369-215 0—70- 170 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE **** LIOLAEMUS Prepared by Roberto Donoso-Barros, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile~~

~~L lOLAEMUS Wiegmann~~

I834 Liolaemus Wiegmann. Herpetologia Mexicana: 18. Type-spec ies: Calotes chiliensis Lesson. 1843 Ptychode ira Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: I7. Type-spec ies: Tropidurus n i qromaculatus Wieqinann. is and Systema Reptilium: I7. Type-spec i es: Proctotretus tenu Duméril 1843 L i ode ira Fitzinger, Bibron. 1845 Sauridis Tscliudi, Arch. fUr Naturg., 2 (l): I56. Type-spec ies: L iolaemus ( Sauridis ) modestus

Tschudi . 1845 Leiodera Gray (emendation of L iodeira Fitzinger), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 211. 1848 Chrysosaurus Gay, Hist. Pis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 2: 47. Type-species: Chrysosaurus morio Gay. None specified. 1857 Rhytidodeira Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I857: I58. Type-species: None specified. 1857 Eulaemus Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I857: I98. Type-species: Phila,, I58. Type-species: None specified. 1 857 Ortholaemus Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1857:

Distribution: South America between 25° and 55° south, in plateaus, mountains, and coast of transandine countries, including Peru, Bolivia and Chile, all of Patagonia, Argentina, Paraguay, coastal Uruguay and southern Brazil.

~~Content: Forty-seven species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Black antehumeral spot present 2 1. Con una mancha negra antehumeral 2 Without antehumeral spot 3 Sin mancha antehumeral 3~~

~~2. One row of scales between labials and infra- 2. Una hilera de escamas entre labiales e infra-~~

~~orbital 55 orb i tal 55 More than one row of scales between labials and Más de una hilera de escamas entre labiales e~~

~~infra orb i tal 5ó infraorbital 5^~~

3. Two or more rows of scales between labials and 3. Dos o más series de escamas entre labiales e 4 4 i inf raorb i tal inf raorb tal Single row of scales between labials and Una serie simple de escamas entre labiales e ^ infraorbital 7 i nf raorb i tal 7

4. Dorsal pattern not as below 5 4. No como el siguiente 5 Dorsal pattern with numerous small black spots, Diseño dorsal caracterizado por manchitas ne- some bordered with white (Fig. 1) gras, algunas de ellas bordeadas de blanco

~~mult imaculatus ^Fig. 1) mult i maculatus~~

~~Fig. 1. l^. mult imaculatus Fig. 2. 1^. w i eomann i i~~

5. Ventral scales larger than dorsals; more than 5. Ventrales mayores que las dorsales; mas de 55 55 scales around middle of body; dorsal escamas al medio del cuerpo; diseño dorsal con pattern with median dorsal band 6 banda dorsal mediana 6 Ventral scales smaller than dorsals; 45-5^ Ventrales menores que las dorsales; 45-5^ esca- scales around middle of body; dorsal pattern mas al medio del cuerpo; diseño dorsal sin

~~without median dorsal band (Fig. 2)-wieamann ii banda dorsal mediana (Fig. 2) wiegmann i i~~

~~Flg. 3» k- occ i p i tal is 171 LIOLAEMUS~~

Scales between upper canthals 8-5; middorsal 6. Escamas entre los supracantales 8-5; region medio gris claro (Fig. quillas de region light gray (Fig. 3) i keels of dorsal dorsal 3); scales blunt, somewhat irregular; throat with las escamas dorsales romas, algo irregu-

i manchas oscuras- numerous distinct dark spots occ i p tal is lares; garganta con numerosas Scales between upper canthals 4-5; middorsal occi D i tal Is region always dark brown (Fig. 4); keels of Escamas entre los supracantales 4-5; region dorsal scales sharp and regular; throat medio dorsal siempre café oscura (Fig. 4); immaculate lutzae quillas de las escamas dorsales agudas y regulares; garganta inmaculada lutzae

~~cuerpo 8 7. Fewer than 45 scales around middle of body 8 7. Menos de 4$ escamas al medio del More than 45 scales around middle of body I7 Más de 45 escamas al medio del cuerpo 17~~

~~8. Sides of neck not folded 5 Lados del cuello lisos Sides of neck folded 11 Lados del cuello plegados-~~

Menos de escamas al medio del cuerpo; color 5. Fewer than J(> scales around middle of body; 36 ground color not brown; longitudinal pale general no pardo, cintas longitudinales stripes absent or interrupted 10 ausentes o interrumpidas 10 More than 36 scales around middle of body; Más de 36 escamas al medio del cuerpo; color ground color brown with two uninterrupted general pardo con dos cintas longitudinales interrumpidas (Fig. longitudinal pale stripes (Fig. 5 ) pálidas no 5 )

~~i gravenhorst i i gravenhorst i~~

~~Fig. 6. L, magellan icus~~

10. Tympanic scale absent; ground color green with 10. Escama timpánica ausente; color general verde broad, black-spotted middorsal band (Fig. 7 )> con una ancha banda medio dorsal manchada de longitudinales longitudinal stripes interrupted ch i 1 i ens is negro (Fig. ] ); cintas Tympanic scale present; ground color not green, interrumpidas chili ens i s lacking both median band and longitudinal Escama timpánica presente, color general no mediana nicintas longitudi- stripes (Figs. 8-10-) n i tidus verde, sin banda nales (Figs. 8-10^ ni tidus ^T

~~8. n i t idus , juvenile Fig. 7- k" chili ens i s Flg. k'~~

~~Fig. 10. n i t idus , adult Fig, 5' k» n i t i dus . semiadult k» 172 LIOLAEMUS~~

11. Lacks five dorsal pale stripes (Figs. 11, 12); 11. Sin cinco cintas dorsales claras; escamas dor- dorsal scales not mucronate; ground color not sales no mucronadas; color general no pálido pale gray ish 12 grisáceo 12 Five dorsal pale stripes with blacl< squarish Cinco cintas claras dorsales con manchas negras spots on each side; dorsal scales mucronate; cuadradas a cada lado; escamas dorsales mu- ground color pale grayish (Fig. 6) cronadas; color general pálido grisáceo (Fig. maqellan icus 6) magellan icus

12. Some dorsal pattern present; dorsal scales 12. Con diseño dorsal; escamas dorsales fuertemente strongly imbricate; azygous frontal present; imbricadas; azygos frontal presente, escamas ventral scales smaller than dorsals 13 ventrales menores que dorsales 13 Unicolor, no dorsal pattern; dorsal scales sub- Sin diseño dorsal; escamas dorsales subimbrica- imbricate; azygous frontal absent; ventral das; azygos frontal ausente; escamas ventrales scales same size as dorsals modestus igual tamaño que dorsales modestus

~~13. With vertebral black line (Fig. ll) 14 13. Con una línea vertebral negra (Fig. ll) 14 No vertebral bla'ck line (Fig. 12) 15 Sin línea vertebral negra (Fig. 12) 15~~

~~lemn i scatus Fig. 11. t. grac i 1 i s Fig. 12. J_.~~

14. Temporal scales smooth; sides of neck without 14. Escamas temporales lisas; lados del cuello sin longitudinal fold; dorsal light stripes wider pliegues longitudinales; cintas dorsales cla- alt icolor poster iorly al t i color ras dilatadas posteriormente Temporal scales keeled; sides of neck with Escamas temporales guilladas; lados del cuello longitudinal fold; dorsal light stripes not con un pliegue longitudinal; cintas dorsales (Fig. 11) — wider posteriorly (Fig. ll) grac i 1 i s claras no dilatadas posteriormente

~~grac i 1 is~~

~~15. More than 35 scales around middle of body I6 15. Más de 35 ^^'^^'"^^ ^-l- iTedio del cuerpo 16 Fewer than 35 scales around middle of body Menos de 35 escamas al medio del cuerpo~~

~~robertmertensi robertmertens i~~

~~16. Scales on middle of back larger than those on 16. Escamas del medio de la espalda mayores que sides of belly; lower surface white aquéllas de los lados del vientre; superficie~~

lemn i scatus inferior blanca lemn iscatus Scales on middle of back not larger than those Escamas del medio de la espalda no mayores que on sides of belly; lower surface green or blue aquéllas de los lados del vientre; superficie cyanoqaster inferior verde o azul cyanogaster

~~17. Dorsal pattern of spots not connected by ly.líiseño dorsal formado por manchas no conectadas 18 longitud i nal stripes 18 con cintas longitudinales Not as above 23 No como el anterioi 23~~

18. Dorsal spots and scales not as below 15 18. Escamas dorsales y manchas no como el siguiente Dorsal spots resemble Arabic letters (Pig. 14); 15 árabes most dorsal scales smooth s i gn i fer Las manchas dorsales parecen letras (pig. 14); mayoría de las escamas dorsales son 1 isas s ion if er

~~Fig. 13. L. rothi Fig. 14. J.. s i gn i fer 173 LIOLAEMUS~~

19. Dorsal spots not disposed in transverse rows 15. Manchas dorsales no dispuestas en hileras 20 transversales 20 Dorsal spots disposed in transverse rows (Fig. Manchas dorsales dispuestas en filas transver- rothi 13) notki sales (Fig. 13)

20. Spots not ocellated; no vertebral darl< line--21 20. Manchas nooceladas; sinl'nea vertebral oscura -21 Dorsum patterned with ocelli; at least one Manchas oceladas como piel de leopardo; por lo short, darl< paravertebral line leopard! nus menos una corta línea oscura paravertebral leopardinus

21. Spots regularly disposed in dorsal longitudinal 21. Manchas regularmente dispuestas en hileras lon- rows; fewer than ]0 scales around middle of gitudinales dorsales; menos de 7^ escamas al body 22 medio del cuerpo 22 Spots irregularly disposed (Fig. 15), except in Manchas dispuestas irregularmente (Fig. 15), juveniles (Fig. l6); more than 7O scales excepto en juveniles (Fig. I6); más de ]0 es-

~~around middle of body mult if orm i s camas alrededer del medio del cuerpo~~

~~mu It i form i s~~

~~Fig. 15. L. mult iformis . adult Fig. 16. J^. 1 i neomaculatus~~

22. Without white vertebral line; ear opening with 22. Sin línea blanca vertebral; oído con escamas prominentes 57 prom i nent scales 57 With vertebral white line (Fig. I7); ear Con una línea vertebral blanca (Fig. I7); oído opening without prominent scales sin escamas prominentes 1 ineomacula tus

1 i neomaculatus 23. Más de 75 escamas al medio del cuerpo 24 23. More than 75 scales around middle of body 24 Menos de 75 escamas al medio del cuerpo 33 Fewer than 75 scales around middle of body 33 24. Con un parche de escamas agrandadas en el borde 24. With patch of enlarged scales on posterior posterior del muslo 25 border of thigh 25 Sin parche de escamas agrandadas en el borde Without patch of enlarged scales on posterior posterior del muslo 26 border of thigh 26 25. Más de 80 escamas al medio del cuerpo; frecuen- 25. More than 80 scales around middle of body; temente una mancha negra guiar a veces como frequently black guiar spot present, sometimes anillo, ocasionalmente fusionada con el mela- ring-like, occasionally fused with ventral nismo ventral; escamas dorsales guilladas; melanism; dorsal scales keeled; also see Fig. tambiln ver Fig. 1? f itzinqerii 80 escamas alrededor del medio del ig f i tz i nger i i Menos de tampoco Fewer than 80 scales around middle of body; no cuerpo; no hay mancha negra guiar ni black guiar spot or ventral melanism; dorsal melanismo ventral; escamas dorsales muy débil- scales weakly keeled or smooth; also see Fig. mente guilladas; también ver Fig. 18 ornatus 18 orna tus

~~Fig. 18. L. ornatus~~

~~Fig. 19. 174 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~26. Without dorsal pattern 27 26. Sin diseño dorsal 27 With distinct dorsal pattern 28 Con diseño dorsal diferenciado 28~~

~~27. Head blacl<, contrasting with body color (Fig. 27. Cabeza negra contrasta con color corporal (Fig. 20); belly reddish; 100 scales around midbody- 20); vientre rojizo; 100 escamas al medio del~~

~~kr ieq i cuerpo i~~

28. Dorsal pattern characterized by median dorsal 28. Diseño dorsal caracterizado por una banda medio band limited by two light paravertebral dorsal, limitada por dos cintas paravertebra- stripes (Fig. 2l) 25 les claras (Fig. 2l) 25 Dorsal pattern without median dorsal band (Fig. Diseño dorsal sin banda medio dorsal (Fig. 24)- 24) 32 32

~~Fig. 20. l_. kr i'eqi Fig. 21. L. buerqer i~~

~~25.With festooned dorsal band, sometimes in zig- 25. Banda dorsal festoneada, a veces en zig-zag zag pattern 3" 3"~~

~~Dorsal band not festooned (Fig. 2l) buerqer i Banda dorsal no festoneada (Fig. 2l) buerger i~~

30. Dorsal band not connected with color on flanks- 3'^'^a"'^^ dorsal no conectada con el color de los 31 flancos 31 Dorsal band with lateral projections, sometimes Banda dorsal con proyecciones laterales a veces fused with dark color of flanks (Fig. 22) fusionadas con el color oscuro de los flancos elonqatus (Fig. 22) elonqatus

31. Dorsal band in zig-zag pattern; dorsally 31. Banda dorsal en zig-zag; manchado dorsalmente spotted with green, yellow or blue (Fig. 23) — de amarillo, verde o azul (Fig. 23) p ictus p ictus Banda dorsal no en zig-zag; no hay manchitas de Dorsal band not zig-zag patterned; no colored color elonqatus spots elonqatus

~~Fig. 23. L. pictus~~

~~Fig. 22. L. elonqatus~~

32. Flanks with black patch; dorsal scales keeled; 32. Flancos con bloques negros; escamas dorsales limbs of normal length mont icola guilladas; extremidades de longitud normal No black patch on flank; dorsal scales smooth; mont icola

~~limbs very short r» i bal i Flancos sin bloques negros; escamas dorsales~~

~~lisas; extremidades muy cortas ro i bal i — i I~~

~~L75 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~33-Withou't distinct dorsal pattern- 33- Dofsalmente sin diseño diferenciado JA With distinct pattern dorsally Oorsalmente con diseño diferenciado 35~~

~~34. Ground color brown with reddish flanks (Fig. 25); fewer than 53 scales around midbody 34. Color general pardo con flancos rojizos (Fig.~~

~~paul i nae 25); menos de 53 escamas alrededor del medio~~

~~Ground color salt-and-pepper, without reddish del cuerpo paul i nae fiantes; more than 53 scales around midbody Color general sal y pimienta sin flancos roji-~~

~~lorenzmueller i zos; mas de 53 escamas al medio del cuerpo lorenzmueller~~

~~Fig. 24. L. ruibal i Fig. 25. i^. paul i nae~~

35'Dorsal pattern of two light paravertebral 35'Diseño dorsal caracterizado por dos cintas stripes with black margins; ground color olive claras paravertebrales con márgenes negros; brown or greenish 3^ color general pardo oliváceo o verdoso ')G Dorsal pattern and ground color not as above Diseño dorsal y color general no como el 46 anterioi 46

36. Light paravertebral stripes without rows of 36. Cintas paravertebrales claras sin hileras de black spots 37 manchas negras 37 Light paravertebral stripes with rows of Cintas claras paravertebrales con hileras de lateral black spots (Figs. 28, 2<)) 35 manchas negras lateralmente (Figs. 28, 25) —39

~~37'Vertebral line absent 3^ 37«l-fnea vertebral ausente 3^~~

~~b i bron i i Vertebral line present (Fig. 26) b ibron i i Línea vertebral presente (Fig. 26)~~

~~schroederi Fig. 26. L. b i bron i i Fig. 27. L-~~

38. Cervical fold V-shaped; more than 5O scales 38. Pliegue cervical en V; más de 'jO escamas al around midbody; dorsal band with parallel medio del cuerpo; banda dorsal con bordes borders cyanogaster paralelos cyanogaster Cervical fold not V-shaped; fewer than 5" Pliegue cervical no en V; menos de 5^ escamas scales around midbody; vertebral band with alrededor del medio del cuerpo; banda verte- angulate borders (Fig. 27J schroederi bral con bordes angulados (Fig. 27 ) -schroeder

~~Sin azygos frontal 40 35. Without azygous frontal 40 39. With azygous frontal 41 Con azygos frontal *1~~

escamas 40. More than 65 scales around midbody; head 40. Más de 65 escamas al medio del cuerpo; mismo tamaño boulenger i scales equal in size boulenger i cefálicas del cuerpo; esca- Fewer than 65 scales around midbody; head Menos de 65 escamas al medio del cabeza de diferente tamaño scales of different sizes chacoens i s mas de la chacoens is

~~Fig. 28. L. boulenger Fig. 25. k- chacoens is —~~

~~176 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~42 41. Without broad pigmented vertebral band 41. Sin banda vertebral ancha y pigmentada 42 With broad black vertebral band 53 Con una banda vertebral ancha pigmentada de negro 53~~

~~42. Vertebral line present (Fig. 30) 43 42. Línea vertebral presente (Fig. 3^^) 43 Vertebral line absent (Fig. 31) "** L'nea vertebral ausente (Fig. 3I) 44~~

~~43. Posterior border of thigh with protruding row 43. Borde posterior de los muslos con una hilera de~~

~~of scales; belly white b i bron i i escamas sobresalientes; vientre blanco No row of protruding scales on thigh; belly b i bron i i~~

~~redd i sh f uscus Sin hilera de escamas sobresalientes en los muslos; vientre rojizo fuscus~~

~~Fig. 30. L. fuscus Fig. 31. L. darwini i~~

44. Not as below 45 44. No como el siguiente 45 Two rows of squarish spots on each side of Dos hileras de manchas cuadriláteras a cada paravertebral stripes; patch of enlarged lado de las cintas paravertebrales; parche de scales on posterior femoral border (Fig. 3^) escamas agrandadas en el borde femoral poste-

~~darwi n i i i i rior (Fig. 31) darw n i~~

~~45. Dorsal band pale brown; light stripes contrast- 45. Banda dorsal pálida, con las cintas claras muy ing with dark brown flanks (juvenile) p ictus contrastadas por los flancos oscuros (juvenil)~~

~~Dorsal band brown, flanks not darker; lateral p i ctus~~

stripes inconspicuous (juvenile) paul i nae Banda dorsal parda, flancos no más oscuros: cintas laterales apenas visibles (juvenil) 46. Dorsal pattern formed by transverse bars fused paúl i nae in vertebral region (Fig. 3^) 47 Dorsal pattern formed by transverse bars that 46. Diseño dorsal formado por barras transversales do not fuse in vertebral region 48 fusionadas en la región vertebral (Fig. 32)-47 Diseño dorsal formado por barras transversales 47. Tail equal to head-body length; lateral scales no unidas en la región vertebral 48

on neck not granular; five supraoculars- k i no i i Tail longer than head-body length; lateral 47. Cola del mismo largo que cabeza-tronco; escamas scales on neck granular; fewer than five laterales del cuello no granulares; cinco

n i i supraoculars grov ir di s supra oculares k i ng i i Cola más larga que cabeza-tronco; escamas late- 48. Vertebral line present 45 rales del cuello granulares; menos de cinco Vertebral line absent (Fig. 34) 50 supra oculares n i qrov ir i di s

~~48. L'nea vertebral presente 45 No hay línea vertebral (Fig. 3*) 50~~

~~Fig. 32. L. kinqi i Fig. 33- k- constanzae~~

~~45. Short vertebral line; ground color greenish 45. Línea vertebral corta; color general verde black; transverse bars arranged in reticulum; negruzco; barras transversales dispuestas como~~

~~belly white (subspecies n i qroroseus is una red; vientre blanco (salvo en subespecies~~

redd i sh) n i i i di i grov r s n qroroseus que es rojizo) n i qrov i r i d i s Long vertebral line which reaches sacrum; Línea vertebral larga; color general pardo cla- ground color pale brown; transverse bars not ro; barras transversales no dispuestas como reticulated (Fig. 33); belly reddish una red (Fig. 33); vientre rojizo constanzae constanzae )

~~177 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~50. Without patch of enlarged scales on posterior 50. Sin parche de escamas ensanchadas 5^ border of thigh 51 Con un parche de escamas ensanchadas en el~~

~~With patch of enlarged scales on posterior border posterior de los muslos qoetsch i~~

~~border of thigh goetsch i 51. Menos de cinco supraoculares y ocho suprala-~~

51. Fewer than five supraoculars and eight supra- b i ales 52 labials 52 Cinco supraoculares y. ocho supralabiales; tam- Five supraoculars and eight supralab ials; also bién ver Fig. 35 dorb ignyi see Fig. 35 dorbiqnyi

~~Fig. 3''- L- qoetsch i~~

~~52. More than 65 scales around middle of body; ground color grayish or blacl< with small~~

dorb i gny i green, yellow or blue spots; adpressed hind Fig. 35- L' limb reaches area between eye and snout- tenu i s Fewer than 65 scales around middle of body; cuerpo; color ground color light brown with green or blue 52. Más de 65 escamas al medio del negro con manchitas verdes, spots (Fig. 36); adpressed hind limb reaches general gris o o azules; extremidad hacia adelante area between ear opening and eye plate 1 amarillas alcanza delante del ojo tenu is alrededor del medio del 53. Vertebral band with irregular black markings Menos de 65 escamas --54 cuerpo; color general pardo claro con manchi- (Fig. extremidad pos- Vertebral band without irregular black markings tas verdes o azules 3^ j oído — plate i p ictus terior hacia delante sobrepasa el

~~53. Banda vertebral con dibujos e impresiones negras 5* Banda vertebral sin dibujos e impresiones negras P ictus~~

~~Fig. 36. L. platei~~

54. Dorsum with longitudinal line and lateral triangles usually in contact with it (Fig. Fig. 37. L. f itzgeraldi 37); vertebral band brown; ^2 scales around formado por peque- middle of body f i tzgerald i 54. Dibujo de la banda vertebral If lateral pattern present, usually not in con- ños triángulos que contactan interiormente en tact with longitudinal line; vertebral band una línea longitudinal (Fig. 37); banda verte- greenish; fewer than 5^ scales around middle bral parda; 52 escamas al medio del cuerpo of body al t iss imus f i tzoerald i Dibajo central no contacta con ninguna línea longitudinal; banda vertebral verdosa; menos 55.Two rows of black spots on each side of lateral de 52 escamas alrededor del medio del cuerpo — stripes; ground color brown; posterior border alt issimus of thigh with patch of enlarged scales a darwi ni i 55.Dos hileras de manchas negras cada lado de Without rows of black spots on each side of las cintas laterales; color general pardo; lateral stripes; ground color not brown; no borde posterior de los muslos con una placa de patch of enlarged scales on thigh escamas agrandadas darwin i i n igromaculatus Sin hileras de manchas negras a cada lado de las cintas laterales; color general no pardo; no hay parche de escamas agrandadas en los

~~muslos n i gromaculatus i~~

~~178 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~56. Two rows of crescent-shaped spots on back; 45- 56. Dos hileras de manchas semilunares al medio del~~

~~54 scales around midbody w ieqmann I i dorso; 45-5^ escamas alrededor del cuerpo~~

~~Back densely black-spotted; more than 60 scales w iegmann i i around mi dbody mult imaculatus Espalda densamente manchada de negro; 60 escamas al medio del cuerpo mult imaculatus~~

57> Ventral scales equal to or smaller than dor- 57-Escamas ventrales de mismo tamaño que las dorsals; no patch of enlarged scales on posterior sales; no hay parches de escamas agrandadas en border of thigh; fewer than six supraoculars; el borde posterior de los muslos; menos de

also see Fig. 38 panther i nus seis supraoculares; también ver Fig. 33 Ventral scales larger than dorsals; patch of panther inus enlarged scales on posterior border of thigh; Escamas ventrales mayores que las dorsales; un more than six supraoculars; also see Fig. 39 — parche de escamas agrandadas en el borde pos-

~~mocquard i terior de los muslos; más de seis supraocu-~~

~~lares; también ver Fig. 35 mocquard i~~

~~Fig. 38. k» panther i nus '^'9- 35- k- mocquard i~~

~~LIOLAEMUS ALTICOLOR Barbour~~

~~1505 Liolaemus alticolor Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4: Jlj pl- 5- Type-locality: Tihauanacu, Bolivia, 13,100 ft.~~

~~Distribution: Altiplano of Chile, Bolivia, Peru and northern Argentina.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. More than 5^ scales around middle of body; Más de 54 escamas al medio del cuerpo; cin- pale stripes on back with black spots tas pálidas de la espalda con manchas~~

laterally (Fig. 40) walkeri negras lateralmente (Fig. 40) walker i Fewer than 5* scales around middle of body; Menos de 5'' escamas al medio del cuerpo; pale stripes on back without black spots cintas pálidas de la espalda sin manchas (Fig. 41) alticolor negras (Fig. 4l) alt icolor

~~Fig. 40. L, alt icolor walkeri Fig. 41. k- alt i color alt icolor~~

~~L i olaemus alt i color alt icolor Barbour~~

7 1904 Liolaemus lativittatus Werner, Hamburger Magalhaen sche Sammelreise, 1, Reptilien und Batrachier: 8, figs. 3-4. Type-locality: Lo Chaparro, Valpara'so, Chile (in error). 1561 Liolaemus alticolor alticolor — Hellmich, Opuscula Zool., Zool. Staatsmus. Mú'nchen, 58: 2. 1566 L iolaemus alt icolor alt icolor Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: I58, fig. 33> col. pl. 17«

~~Distribution: High Andes of Tarapacá, Chile; Bolivia; southern Peru; northwestern Argentina.~~

~~Comment: If the taxon lativittatus Werner. 1504, is shown to be a valid synonym of this subspecies it will take priority over alt icolor Barbour, 1905' —~~

~~179 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L iolaemus alt ¡color walker! Shreve~~

~~71845 L.[ iolaemus ] eleqans Tschud!, Arch, fur Naturg., 11 (l); 157' Type-locality; Peru; further specified as Ctiancay, Peru, by Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1846, Ji.~~

¡ Type-locality: 1538 L iolaemus walker i Shreve, Jour. Washington Acad. Sc . , 28: 404. Llocllapampa, Junin, Peru, about 10,000 ft. 1561 Liolaemus alticolor walkeri —Hellmich, Opuscula Zool., Zool. Staats Mus. MUnchen, '^8: 5» 1566 Liolaemus alticolor walkeri — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 201, col. pi. ly.

~~Distribution: High Andean plateaus of Jun'n in Peru and Antofagasta in Chile.~~

~~Comment: If the taxon eleqans Tschudi, 184$, is shown to be a valid synonym of this subspecies, it will take priority over walkeri Shreve, 1538-~~

~~LIOLAEMUS ALTISSIMUS MÜUer and Hellmich~~

I860 Proctotretus modestas Philippi (preoccupied by modestus Tschudi, 1845), Reise durch die Wueste Atacama: I66. Type-locality: Provincia de Santiago, Chile. 1932 Liolaemus alt issimus MtJUer and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 98: I97. Type-locality: Fierro Carrera, Río San Francisco, 2/00 m, near Cerro Plomo, Provincia Santiago, Chile.

~~Distribution: Cordilleran regions from 32° to 42°, Chile and Argentina.~~

~~Content: Four subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Lateral stripes present (Fig. 42) 2 1. Cintas laterales presentes( Fig. 42/ 2 Lateral stripes absent alt iss imus Cintas laterales ausentes alt iss imus~~

2. Belly not black; fewer than 60 scales 2. Vientre no negro; menos de 60 escamas around m idbody 3 alrededor del medio del cuerpo 3 Belly black (Fig, 43); more than 60 scales Vientre negro;(Fig. 43); más de 60 escamas

~~around m idbody neuquens i s al medio del cuerpo neuquens is~~

~~^ ^~~

~~i i i s ig. 42. L.. a. neuquens is . dorsum Fig. 43. L neuquens s , venter Fig. 44. k» ^" araucan ens~~

3. Sides of body without black blotches; 3. Lados del cuerpo sin bloques negros; banda occipital band without red color 4 occipital sin color rojo 4 Sides of body with black blotches (Fig. Lados del cuerpo con bloques negros (Fig. 44); occipital band reddish-olive 44); banda occipital roja oliva

~~araucan iens i s araucan i ens i s~~

4. Occipital band with rhomboidal spots not 4. Banda occipital con manchas romboidales no connected with vertebral line (Fig. 45) conectadas con línea vertebral (Fig. 45) moradoens is moradoens is Occipital band with transverse lines Banda occipital con líneas transversales connected with vertebral line (Fiq. conectadas con una línea vertebral (Fig.

~~46) alt i ss imus 46) alt i ss imus~~

~~46. \-_. a. alt i ss imus Fig. 45. k- S.» moradoens i s Fig. 180 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L i olaemus alt iss imus alt i ss i mus Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1532 L iolaemus alt iss imus alt iss imus Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 5^: 137> figs- 1-2. 1%6 Liolaemus altissimus altissimus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 255> col. pi. 18.~~

~~Distribution: High cordilleras of Provincia Santiago, Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus alt iss imus araucan i ens is Müller and Hellmich~~

1532 L iolaemus alt issimus araucan iensis Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 98: 2O5. Type- locality: Volcán Villarrica, Provincia Cautín, Chile, 1400 m. Chile: '}0^, i i Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de 1566 L i olaemus alt ss mus araucan iensis —

~~Distribution: Cordillera de Cautín, Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus alt i ss i mus moradoens is Hellmich~~

1950 Liolaemus altissimus moradoensis Hellmich, Veroff. Zool. Staatssamml. München, 1: 136, pi. 11, figs. 22-23. Type-locality: Lo Valdls, Laguna de Morado, Volcán Morado, Provincia Santiago, Chile, 2400 m.

~~1966 L iolaemus alt i ss imus moradoens i s — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 3'^2, fig. 44, col. pl, 19-~~

~~Distribution: Volcán Morado, Provincia Santiago, Chile.~~

~~L iolaemus alt iss imus neuguensis Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1939 L iolaemus alt iss imus neuquens is Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 12$: 113» fig» !• Type- locality: Volcán Copahué, Provincia de Neuquén, Argentina, about 1800 m.~~

~~Distribution: High Cordilleras', Provincia de Neuquén, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS BIBRONI i (Bell)~~

1. 1843 Proctotretus Bibroni i Bell, Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 5, Reptiles: 6, pl. 3, fig. Type-locality: Puerto Deseado, Patagonia, Argentina. 1845 Leiolaemus Belli! Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 212. Type-locality: Chile.

~~188S Liolaemus bibron i i — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 146. 1966 Liolaemus bibroni — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 204, fig. 3O, col. pl. 11.~~

~~Distribution: Patagonian regions of Argentina and Chile, ¡n Cordillera to Mendoza Province in Argen-~~

~~t i na.~~

~~L IOLAEMUS BOULENGERI Koslowsky~~

18q6 Liolaemus Boulenqeri Koslowsky. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 7= l?^, pl. 3- Type-locality: Near Las Cordilleras de los Andes, Territorio de Chubut, Argentina. 1910 Liolaemus micropholis Werner. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst. Geog. Biol. Tiere, 28: 268. Type-locality: Chile (in error).

~~Distribution: Middle elevations; Provincias Mendoza to Chubut, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS BUERGER! Werner~~

1907 L Iolaemus buerqer i Werner, in Burger, Anales Univ. Chile, 1907- ^> Pl- 1» ^'9- !• Type-locality: Planchón, Cordillera de Curlco, Provincia de Curicó, Chile. 1966 Liolaemus buerqeri — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 287, c°l' Pl- 21.

~~Distribution: High mountains of Provincias de Curicó and Talca, Chile; 35 ^o 42 in cordillera of~~

~~Argent i na. 181 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L lOLAEMUS CHACOENSIS Shreve~~

1548 L iolaemus chacoens is Shreve, Copela, 1348: 111. Type-locality: Fortín Guachalla, Rio Pilcomayo, Chaco, Paraguay. 1560 Llolaemus chacoensis — Hellmich, Abh. Bayerische Akad. Wiss. New Ser., 101: 3^'

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS CHILIENSIS (Lesson)~~

~~I83O Calotes ch i 1 i ens is Lesson, in Duperrey, Voyage sur la Coquille, 2 (l): JS, pi. 1, fig. 2. Type- locality: Talcahuano, Provincia de Concepción, Chile.~~

~~I835 Tropi durus ol i vaceus Wiegmann, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , I7: 268c. Type-locality: Chile.~~

~~1843 Liolaemus ch i lens is —Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 75-~~

~~1566 L iolaemus ch i lens is —Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: I7O, figs. 45, 60J col. pi. 8.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Coquimbo to Cautín provinces, Chile; Neuquen, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS CONSTANZAS Donoso-Barros~~

1561 L iolaemus constanzae Donoso-Barros, Copeia, I96I: J8') , fig. lb. Type-locality: Peine, Antofagasta, Chile, 3OOO m. 1566 L iolaemus constanzae — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 239» col. pi. I7.

~~Distribution: San Pedro de Atacama Valley, Salar de Atacama, Peine, Antofagasta Province, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS CYANOGASTER (Oumlril and Bibron)~~

~~I837 Proctotretus cyanoqaster Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 273- Type-locality: Chile.~~

~~I885 L i olaemus cyanoqaster — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 14$.~~

~~Distribution: Concepción to Chiloe Island, Chile; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapí, Argentina.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Scales around midbody 58-6O; dorsal scales 1. Escamas al medio del cuerpo 58-60; escamas smooth or slightly keeled; also see Fig, dorsales lisas o ligeramente guilladas; — 4y brattstroem i también ver Fig. 47 brattstro Fewer than 5^ scales around midbody; dorsal Menos de 58 escamas al medio del cuerpo; scales strongly keeled; also see Fig. 48 escamas dorsales fuertemente guilladas; también ver Fig. 48 cyanoqaster

~~Fig. 47. l^. cyanoqaster brat tstroem i . Fig, 48. L.. cyanoqaster cyanoqaster . with outlines of body scales with outlines of body scales~~

~~L iolaemus cyanoqaster cyanoqaster (Oumeril and Bibron)~~

~~1846 Proctotretus intermedius Dumeril, Voyage autour du Monde sur la Prégate La Venus, Atlas (1846): pi. 2, figs, la-d; text (I855): 29O.~~

1561 L.r iolaemus ] c.f" yanoqaster ] cyanoqaster—Donoso-Barros, Copeia, I96I: 486. 1966 L iolaemus cyanoqaster cyanoqaster — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 184, figs. 3*^» *5> 60; col. pi. 10.

~~Distribution: Concepción to Puerto Montt, Chile, Nahuel Huapí, Argentina. i~~

~~182 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L iolaemus cyanoqaster brattstroem i Donoso-Barros~~

~~1561 L iolaemus cyanoqaster brattstroemi Donoso-Barros, Copeia, I56I: 486, fig. 1. Type- locality: Forest near Lechagua, Chiloé Island, Chile.~~

~~1966 Liolaemus cyanoqaster brattstroemi — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 187, fig. ^1 •~~

~~Distribution: Chiloé Island, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS DARWIN I I (Bell)~~

~~1843 Proctotretus Darwin i i Bell, Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 5> Reptiles: 14, pi. 1, figs.~~

~~1-2. Type-locality: Bahía Blanca, northern Patagón ia, , Argent i na.~~

~~I885 L iolaemus darw in i i — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 155'~~

~~1966 Liolaemus darwi n i — Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: 281, figs. 3I, 6I; col. pi. I5.~~

~~Distribution: Patagonia, Argentina; Lago Buenos Aires, Provincia de Aisén, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS DORBIGNYI Koslowsky~~

~~I858 Liolaemus D'Orb ¡any i Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: 174, pi. 2. Type-locality: Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina.~~

~~' 1966 L iolaemus d orb i gny i — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 285, figs. 44, 62.~~

~~Distribution: Catamarca; Argentina; Patagonia to Laguna Amarga, Territorio de Magallanes, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS ELONGATUS Koslowsky~~

~~I856 L iolaemus elonqa tus Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 1: 448, pl. 1. Type-locality: Near the Cordilleras, Territorio Chubut, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia de Mendoza to Chubut, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS FITZGERALDI Boulenger~~

~~I855 Liolaemus fitzgeraldi Boulenger, in Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes: 355» fg* !• Type-locality: Puente del Inca, Argentina.~~

~~1966 Liolaemus f i tzgerald i — Dnnoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 3O7, col. pl. 20.~~

~~Distribution: Both sides of Andes, near International Highway between Chile and Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS FITZINGERII (Puméril and Bibron)~~

1837 Proctotretus Fitzinqerii Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., 4: 286. Type-locality: Chile. 18S8 Eulaemus affinis Girard. U.S. Expl. Exped., Herp.: 366. Type-locality: Puerto Deseado and Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina. 1888 L iolaemus melanops Burmeister, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3= 252. Type-locality: Quele-Cura, Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina.

~~1966 Liolaemus f i tz inoer — Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: 293, figs. 3O, 53, 65, col. pl. 20.~~

~~Distribution: Patagonia of Chile and Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS FUSCUS Boulenger~~

1885 Liolaemus fuscus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 144, pl. 10, fig. 2. Type-locality: Valparaiso, Chile. I858 Liolaemus erythroqaster Werner, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4: 25O, pl. I3, fig. 3. Type-locality:

~~Coqu i mbo, Chile. 1966 Liolaemus fuscus — Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: 155, fig. 59, col. pl. 11.~~

~~Distribution: Coquimbo to fluble, Chile; some Patagonian areas of Argentina. I~~

~~183 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~LIOLAEWUS GOETSCHI Müller and Hellmich~~

~~Anz., 1. Type-locality: Road to iqgfi I inlaemiis qngtschi Müller and Hellmich, Zool. 123: I3O, fig. Laguna Playa, near Fuerte General Roca, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Northern Patagonian region, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS GRACILIS (Bell)~~

184^ Proctotretus gracilis Bell, Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 5j Reptiles: 4, pi. 1, fig. 2. Type-locality: Puerto Deseado, Argentina. Brit. Mus., 2: 188S Liolaeinus grac i 1 is-Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. 14$.

~~Distribution: Patagonia, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS GRAVENHGRSTI (Gray)~~

Chile. 184S Leiodera Gravenhorst I i Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 211. Type-locality: 1855 Proctotretus stantoni Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854: 227. Type-locality: Santiago, Chile. fig. col. pi. 8. 1566 L iolaemus gravenhorst i — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 180, 60,

~~Distribution: Central Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS KING I I (Bell)~~

~~of H. M. S. Reptiles: I3, pi. fig. 1. 1843 Proctotretus Kingi i Bell, Zoology of the Voyage Beagle, 5, 6, Type-locality: Puerto Deseado, Argentina.~~

~~ISS'i L iolaemus k inqi i — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 149. figs. col. pi. 1966 Liolaemus k i ng i — Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: 273, 31, 64; 1?.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Patagonian region, Argentina and Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS KRIEGI Müller and Hellmich~~

1939 Liolaemus kriegi Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 127: 44, fig. 1. Type-locality: Estancia El Co'ndor, Bariloche, Argentina. fig- col' pl' 21. 1966 Liolaemus kr i eg i —Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: 289, "3»

~~Distribution: Southern Argentina; eastern slopes of Andes in Curico, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS LEMNISCATUS Gravenhorst~~

Acad. Caes. -Carol. , 18: 73I, pi. fg- 12. I838 Liolaemus lemn i scatus Gravenhorst. Nova Acta Leop. 5*, Type-locality: Valparaiso, Chile. 18: Type- I838 Liolaemus h i eroqlyph i cus Gravenhorst. Nova Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , 732. locality: Cauquenes, Chile. dans 1847 Proctotretus mosa icus Hombron and Jacquinot, in Dumont-D'Urv i lie. Voyage au Pole Sud et

I'Oceanie sur . . , I'Astrolabe et la Zélée, Reptiles: pi. 2, fig. 1. Type-locality: Talcahuano, Chile. 18=15 Proctotretus femoratus Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854: 227. Type-locality: Santiago, Chile.

1885 Liolaemus lemn i scatus — Boulenger . Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 143. col. pi. lU. 1966 Liolaemus lemn iscatus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: I9I, figs. 32, 59; Distribution: Coquimbo to Cautín, Chile; Pino Hachado Valley, Patagonian Argentina.

L IOLAEMUS LEOPARDINUS Müller and Hellmich Fierro Carrera, 1932 Liolaemus leopardinus Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 97= 309- Type-locality: Valle del Río San Francisco, Cerro El Plomo, Cordillera de Santiago, Chile, 27OO m. Provincia Distribution: High mountains in Cajón del Mapocho, Valle del Volcán and Cerro Ramón, Santiago, Chile. Content: Three subspecies. 184 LIOLAEMUS

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Dorsal spots not arranged in transverse 1. Manclnas dorsales no dispuestas en bandas rows; fewer than 85 scales around midbody- transversales; menos de 85 escamas al 2 medio del cuerpo 2 Dorsal spots arranged in transverse rows Manchas dorsales dispuestes en fajas trans- (Fig. 45); more tlian 85 scales around mid- versales (Fig. 45)) más de 85 escamas al

~~i body ramonens i s medio del cuerpo ramonens s~~

2. Dorsal spots not prominent, large and con- 2. Manchas dorsales débilmente estampadas y fluent on vertebral region (Fig. '^0) confluentes en la región vertebral (Fig. valdes ianus 50) valdes ianus Dorsal spots small, well marked, not con- Manchas dorsales bien estampadas no conflu- fluent on vertebral region (Fig. 5^) entes en la región vertebral (Fig. 5I )

~~leopard i nus leopard i nus~~

~~Fig. 51' k- leopard i nus leopard i nus~~

~~L iolaemus leopard i nus leopard i nus Müller and Hellmich~~

~~^''2- 1532 L i olaemus leopard inus leopard inus Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 57' 3^3 > !•~~

~~1566 L iolaemus leopard i nus leopard i nus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 311> fig- 42, col. pl. 22.~~

~~Distribution: High mountains near Cajón del Mapocho, Provincia Santiago, Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus leopard i nus ramonens is Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1532 L i olaemus leopard inus ramonens i s Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 97' 3^'^> "fig- 2. Type-~~

~~locality; Cerro de Ramón, Prov i nc i a Sant iago, Ch i le, 2600 m.~~

~~1566 L iolaemus leopard i nus ramonens i s — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 3-'-l> fig- 42, col. pl. 22.~~

~~Distribution: Cerro de Ramón, Chile. 185 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L iolaemus leopard i nus valdes i anus Hellmich~~

1550 L iolaemus leopardinus valdes ianus Hellmich, Veroff. Zool. Staatsamml. Munchen, 1: 142, pi. 12, figs. 28-25. Type-locality: Baños Morales, Lo Valdes, Provincia Santiago, Chile. 1966 Liolaemus leopardinus valdes ianus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 313> fig. *2, col. pi. 23.

~~Distribution: High mountains of Cajón del R'o Maipo, Provincia Santiago, Chile.~~

~~L IOLAEMUS LINEOMACULATUS Boulenger~~

Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: Type-locality: Patagonia. ISeS Liolaemus 1 i neomaculatus Boulenqer, 145. Chile: figs. '}!, col. pi. I3. 1966 Liolaemus 1 i neomaculatus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de 275, 65;

~~Distribution: Southern Patagonia of Chile and Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS LORENZMUELLERI Hellmich~~

1: 12, figs. 1550 Liolaemus lorenzmüller i Hellm ich. Veroff . Zool. Staatsamml. Mijnchen, 144, pi. 26, 2]. Type-locality: Nueva Elqui, Coquimbo, Chile, 23OO m. Chiles '^3- 1566 Liolaemus lorenzmüller i — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de 257, ^'g-

~~Distribution: Region of type locality, 23OO-32OO m.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS LUTZAE Mertens~~

~~1338 Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, Zool. Anz., I23: 221, fig. 1. Type-locality: Recreio dos Bande i rantes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal areas of Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara, Brazil.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS MAGELLANICUS (Hombron and Jacquinot)~~

Sud et dans 1847 Proctotretus maqellanicus Hombron and Jacquinot, in Dumont-D 'Urv i lie. Voyage au Pole fi-g. 2. Type-locality: Havre I'Oceante sur . . . I'Astrolabe ef la Zélée, Reptiles: pi. 2, Pecquet, Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile. und Magalhaen i sche Sammelreise, 1, Reptilien 1304 L i olaemus ( Saccode Ira ) prox imus Werner, Hamburger Batrachier: 12, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: ultima Esperanza, southwest Patagonia, Chile. 1905 Liolaemus hatcheri Ste jneqer. Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, 3: 218. Type-locality: North of Rio Santa Cruz, Territorio de Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina. 1510 Saccodeira arenaria Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27: 26. Type-locality: Punta Arenas, Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile. 1966 Liolaemus magellan icus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 277, ^'3- ^4, col. pi. I5.

~~Distribution: Tierra del Fuego and southern Patagonia of Chile and Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS MOCQUARDI Pellegrin~~

1503 Liolaemus Mocquardi Pellegrin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I5O3: 326. Type-locality: Créqui and Sénéchal, higher plateau of Bolivia and Peru; Tiahuanacu, La Paz, Bolivia. 1366 Liolaemus mocquardi — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 325> '^'S- 51> col.pl. 20.

~~Distribution: Altiplano of Peru, Bolivia and Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS MODESTUS Tschudi~~

Type-locality: Peru; 1845 L.r iolaemus ( Sauridis )] modestus Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 2 (l): I57. further specified as Miraflores, Peru, by Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Herp., 1846, Ji. 1507 Liolaemus modestus —Roux. Rev. Suisse Zool., I5: 257.

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~369-215 O—70 13 186 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~LIOLAEMUS montícola Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1532 Liolaemus montícola Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 99' ^11' Type-locality: Valle del Rio San Francisco, Santiago, Chile, I7OO m.~~

~~Distribution! Cordillera de la Costa in Central Chile; Andean Cordillera in Chilian and Cautín, Chile.~~

~~Content; Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. More than 80 scales around midbody 2 1, Mas de 80 escamas al medio del cuerpo 2 Fewer than 80 scales around midbody Menos de 80 escamas al medio del cuerpo- nont icola mont icola~~

~~2. Dorsum and pileus melanistic oh i llanens i s 2. Dorso y pileus mellnicos ch i llanens is Dorsum and pileus not melanistic Dorso y pileus no melánicos v i llar icens is~~

~~i llar icens i s~~

~~L i olaemus mont i cola mont icola Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1932 L iolaemus mont icola mont icola Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 99' 177> 'f'S' !• 1966 L iolaemus mont icola mont icola — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 226, col. pl. 14.~~

~~Distribution: Cordillera de los Andes and Cordillera de la Costa, central Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus mont icola ch i llanens i s Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1932 Liolaemus montícola chillanensis Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 99: 183, fig. 2. Type- locality: Termas de Chillan, Nuble, Chile, I7OO m.~~

~~1966 L i olaemus mont icola ch i llanens i s — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 229, fig. 40, col. pl. 14.~~

~~Distribution: Provincia de Nuble, Cordillera de los Andes, Chile.~~

~~L iolaemus mont icola vi llar icensi s Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1932 Liolaemus montícola vi llar icensis Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 99' ^^3> ^'5' 3» Type-locality: Volcán Villarrica, Chile, 1400 m.~~

~~1966 L iolaemus mont icola v i llar icens i s — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 23I, fig. 40.~~

~~Distribution: Cordillera de Caut'n, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS MULTIFORMIS (Cope)~~

~~1876 Proctotretus multiformis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I73. Type-locality: Lago Titicaca, Peru. 1885 Liolaemus multiformis — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 153-~~

~~Distribution! High plateau of Andes between Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales distinctly keeled, smaller 1. Escamas dorsales distintamente quilladas y~~

than ventrals s i monsi i menores que ventrales s imons i i Dorsal scales smooth or indistinctly Escamas dorsales lisas o indistintamente keeled, slightly smaller than ventrals quilladas, ligeramente menores que ventra- mult if ormis les mult if orm is 187 LIOLAEMUS

~~L iolaemus mult iformis multiformis (Cope)~~

I85I Liolaemus Lenzi Boettqer, Zool. Anz., 14: 344. Type-locality: Lago Titicaca, Bolivia. Andes of 1855 Liolaemus andinus Koslowsky. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6: 338, pi. 3. Type-locality: Catamarca, Argentina. 1901 Liolaemus annectens Boulenqer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 7: $46. Type-locality: Caylloma and Sumbay, Andes of Peru. iq02 Liolaemus tropidonotus Boulenqer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 10: 397. Type-locality; Tirapata, north of Lago Titicaca, Peru, I3OOO ft. 1909 Liolaemus variabilis Pellegrin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I9O9: 327. Type-locality: Altiiough Pellegrin gave no locality for this as a species, the localities given for the following three varieties were identical. These were: Tiahuanaco (= Tiahuanacu), La plateaus of Peru and Bolivia on Paz, Bolivia; Crequ i and Sénéchal, noted as on the high mention the p. 326. Guibé, Catalogue des Types de Lezards, Paris, 1951» *9> does not latter localities at all. Nat. Paris, I9O9: Liolaemus variabilis var. Crequi i Pellegrin. Bull. Mus. Hist. 327. 1909 [ ] Type-locality: See var iab i 1 i s . above. Liolaemus variabilis var. Neveui Pellegrin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I9O9: 327. 1909 [ ] Type-locality: See var iab i 1 is , above, iqoq Liolaemus variabilis var. Courtyi Pellegrin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I9O9: 328. [ ] Type-locality: See var iab il is . above. 1909 Liolaemus bolivianus Pelleqrin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I9O9: 328. Type-locality: Crequi and Marechal, high plateaus of Peru and Bolivia. 1966 Liolaemus multiformis multiformis — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 317> figs- 49, 50> 73, col. pi. 24.

~~Distribution: Altiplano of Peru, Chile and Bolivia.~~

~~i i L i olaemus mult i form i s s mons i Boulenger~~

fig. 6. s i var. montanus Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: 182, pi. 6, 7I898 [ l iolaemus iqn fer ] Type-locality: Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. 1902 Liolaemus Simcnsii Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 10: 398. Type-locality: PotosT, Challapata, and Uyuni, Bolivia. 1924 Liolaemus annectens orientalis Müller. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 11: 81. Type-locality: Rio Pilcomayo, between Tarija and San Francisco, Bolivia.

~~Sc i . St. Louis, 28: 199^ Liolaemus multiformis s imons i i — Burt and Burt, Trans. Acad. 35'~~

~~Distribution; Southwestern Andes of Bolivia; northern Andes of Argentina.~~

~~L IOLAEMUS MULTIMACULATUS (Ouméril and Bibron)~~

I837 Proctotretus mult imaculatus Ouméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 29O. Type-locality; Chile. Type-locality: None 18^7 Ortholaemus Beaql i i 'G irard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857: I99. given; Bahía Blanca, Argentina, is original locality for specimens upon which Bell's plate was based and for which Girard proposed this name, according to Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, 1885, 158. 188S Liolaemus mult imaculatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; I58. Distribution; Known only from Argentinian Patagonia; records from Chile are erroneous.

~~LIOLAEMUS NIGROMACULATUS (Wiegmann)~~

189'5 Tropidurus n iqromaculatus Wieqmann. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , I7: 229. Type-locality: Chile» restricted to Huasco, Chile, by Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 101, I933, I29. I885 Liolaemus n iqromaculatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I47.

~~Distribution: Atacama Province to Valparaiso Province, Chile.~~

~~Content: Eight subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Melanistic (Fig. 52) 2 1. Lagartos melánicos (pig. 52) 2 Not melanistic 3 Lagartos no melánicos 3 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~2. Vientre negro a ter 2. Belly black a ter Vientre no negro- -s i evers i Belly not black- -s i evers i~~

dorsal; color general no grisá- With dorsal pattern; ground color not pale 3- Con disefio 3. -"" " """"j::"* grayish " "° P^l'^° F dorsal; color general gris . gs. Without dorsal pattern; ground color pale Sin aisefio i ^'"'^"^^"" grayish (Figs. 53,54} bisignatus 53,54)

~~i '^i. i i Fig. 53' k» n gromaculatus bis! qnatus Fig. L_. n gromaculatus b s i qnatus~~

4. Scales on sides of neck enlarged and 4. Escamas a los lados del cuello ensanchadas on fold prominent; those neck mucronate — 5 y sobresalientes; en el pliegue mucronadas Scales on sides of neck not very enlarged or prominent; those on neck fold not Escamas en los lados del cuello no ensan- mucronate 5 chadas ni sobresalientes; en el pliegue no mucronadas o Sulphurous yellow bars across back (Fig. 5. 5. Barras amarillento sulfúreas a través del 55); fewer than 55 scales around midbody-- dorso (Fig. 55); menos de 55 escamas al zapallarens is medio del cuerpo zapallarens is Two longitudinal pale dorsolateral stripes Dos cintas longitudinales claras a los la- (Fig. 56); more than 55 scales around dos del dorso (Fig. 56)j "lás de 55 escamas

~~m i dbody kuhlmann i al medio del cuerpo kuhlmann i~~

~~i n i kuhlmann i Fig, 55' L. n i gromaculatus zapallarens s Fig. 56. k> gromaculatus~~

6. Not as below (Figs. 58, 5'^)- 7 No como el siguiente (Figs. 58,59) / Scales on sides of neck larger than dorsal Escamas laterales de los lados de la nuca neck scales; dorsally brown with two mid- mayores que las dorsales de la nuca; doi—

~~dorsal dark lines (Fig. 57 l- n i gromaculatus salmente pardo con dos lineas dorsales~~

~~oscuras (Fig. 57) n i gromaculatus~~

~~57» k- n i gromaculatus n i gromaculatus 189 LIOLAEMUS~~

Escamas temporales lisas; mas de 4? escamas 7. Temporal scales smooth; more than 4? scales ?. copiapensis around midbody copiapensis al medio del cuerpo- quilladas; Temporal scales weakly keeled; fewer than Escamas temporales débilmente menos escamas al medio del cuerpo 49 scales around midbody atacamensis de 4? atacamens is

~~is i is Fig. 58. L. n i qromaculatus atacamens Fig» 59- k» n qromaculatus atacamens~~

~~n i qromaculatus (Wiegmann) L iolaemus n i qromaculatus Type- ISS'i Tropidurus oxycephalus Wieqmann, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , 17: 232.~~

local i ty: Chile. -Carol. 18: pl- 18^8 L iolaemus conspersus Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. , 737» 5^» fig. 14. Type-locality: Cauquenes, Chile. 1845 Liolaemus inconspicuus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 213. Type-locality: Chile. 1860 Proctotretus pall idus Philippi, Reise durch die Wueste Atacama: I66, pi. 6, fig. 3. Type-locality; Raposo, Chile. Zool. Anz., 101: I27. i qromaculatus MtJller and Hellmich, 1933 L iolaemus n i qromaculatus n — Reptiles de Chile: 242, figs. 20, i Donoso-Barros, 1966 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus n qromaculatus — 34-

~~Distribution: Huasco Valley and adjacent areas, Chile.~~

~~is and Hellmich i Müller L i olaemus n qromaculatus atacamens~~

is and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., IO3: I29, figs. 1-2. 1933 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus atacamens Müller Type-locality: Atacama, northeastern Copiapo', Chile. Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 252, fig. 1966 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus atacamensis — 39» col. pi. 16.

~~Distribution: Desert areas in Coquimbo and Atacama, Chile.~~

~~Hellmich i and L i olaemus n qromaculatus ater Müller~~

Zool. Anz., 101: 129. Type-locality: 1933 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus ater Müller and Hellmich, Isla de Pá'jaros, Puerto Coquimbo, Chile. Reptiles de Chile: 261. 1966 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus ater — Donoso-Barros,

~~Distribution: Small islands in Bahía, Coquimbo, Chile.~~

i i i i i L i olaemus n i qromaculatus b s qnatus (Ph 1 pp ) 1860 Proctotretus bisionatus Philippi, Reise durch die Wueste Atacama: I66, pi. 6, fig. 2. Type-locality: Unknown. — Hellmich, Zool. Anz., IO3: I32, fig. '}. 1999 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus bisiqnatus Müller and Reptiles de Chile: 25O, fig. c°l' 1966 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus bisiqnatus — Donoso-Barros, 39» pi. 16.

~~Distribution; Coastal areas of Atacama, Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus n iqromaculatus cop iapens i s Müller and Hellmich~~

Zool. Anz., IO3: I35. Type- 1933 L iolaemus n i qromaculatus cop iapens is Müller and Hellmich, locality: Copiapo, Atacama, Chile. (in error for cop iapens is ), Reptiles 1966 Liolaemus n i qromaculatus copiapoensis — Donoso-Barros de Chile: 255. Distribution: Copiapo and adjacent areas, Chile. 190 LIOLAEMUS

~~L ioaemus n igromaculatus kuhlmann i Müller and Hellmich~~

1933 L iolaemus n igromaculatus kuhlmann i Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., IO3: I39, fig. 5» Type-locality: Jalmel, Los Andes, Chile; corrected to Jahuel de los Andes, Chile by Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile, I966, 247.

~~i 1566 L iolaemus n i gromaculatus kuhlman i — Donoso-Barros ( in error for kuhlmann ). Reptiles de Chile: 245, fig. 34, col. pis. I5, I7.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal plateau from Valparaiso to Coquimbo, Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus n igromaculatus s i evens i Donoso-Barros~~

~~195* L i olaemus n i gromaculatus s i evers i Donoso-Barros, Zooiatria, 3 (H/! ^> fig- 2. Type- locality: Isla de los Locos, Bahía Pichidangui, Provincia de Coquimbo, Chile.~~

~~1966 L iolaemus n i gromaculatus s i evers i — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 259, fig» *7> col- pl. 17.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~L i olaemus n i gromaculatus zapallarens i s Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1933 L i olaemus n i gromaculatus zapallarens i s Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., IO3: 137» ^'9' *• Type-locality: Zapallar, Chile.~~

~~1966 L i olaemus n i gromaculatus zapallarens is — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 247, figs. 39> 47; col. pl. 15.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal border from Aconcagua to Coquimbo, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS NIGROVIRIDIS MGller and Hellmich~~

~~1932 Liolaemus nigroviridis Muller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 97' J^S. Type-locality: Valle del Río San Francisco, Santiago, Chile, 2400 m.~~

~~Distribution; Andes and Cordillera de la Costa, between southern Antofagasta and Santiago~~

~~prov i nces, Chile.~~

~~Content: Four subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. More than 65 scales around midbody 2 1. Más de 65 escamas al medio del cuerpo 2 Fewer than 65 scales around midbody 3 Menos de 65 escamas al medio del cuerpo 3~~

~~2. Neck same width as head; temporal scales 2. Cuello del mismo ancho que cabeza; escamas smooth; four supraoculars; flanks reddish- temporales lisas; cuatro supraoculares;~~

n i groroseus flancos roj izos n i groroseus Neck more slender than head; temporal Cuello más delgado que la cabeza; escamas scales keeled; fewer than four supraocu- temporales quilladas; menos de cuatro

~~lars; flanks greenish m i nor supraoculares; flancos del cuerpo verdosos -minor~~

~~3. Dorsal black bars alternating with yellow- 3" Barras dorsales alternan con áreas verde~~

~~ish green areas n i grov ir id i s amarillentas n i grov i r id i s Dorsal black bars alternating with sky blue Barras dorsales negras alternan con espa-~~

~~i nterspaces campa nae c ios celestes campanae~~

~~L iolaemus n igrovir id is n i orovir id i s Müller and Hellmich~~

L Iolaemus n i ir id 1932 grov is n igrov ir id is Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 97: 3I8, f !g. J. 1966 Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroviridis — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 26l, fig. 41; col. pl. 14.

~~Distribution: Cajón del Mapocho, Cordillera de los Andes, Santiago, Chile. 191 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~Hellmich L i olaemus n i grov ir id is campanae~~

is Hellmich, Veroff. Zool. Staatsamml. Munchen, 1: pi. 1550 L i olaemus n igrov ir id campanae 152, 2, figs. 24-25. Type-locality: Cerro Campana, Valparaíso, Chile, 1800 m. col. pi. i i Chile: i campanae Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de ^'9' 1566 L i olaemus n grov r id s — 267, *1> 14.

~~Distribution: Cerro El Roble and Cerro Campana, in Cordillera de la Costa, Chile.~~

~~i i i i and Hellmich L I olaemus n grov ir d s m nor MiJller~~

1532 L iolaemus n igrovir id is minor MiJller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 57' 326» fig. 4a-b. Type- locality: Valle del Volcán, Provincia de Santiago, Chile. 1966 Liolaemus nigroviridis minor — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 264, fig. 41, col. pi. 15.

~~Distribution: El .Valle del Rio Maipo, Provincia de Santiago, Chile, I8OO-3OOO m.~~

~~i L i olaemus n i grov i r i d is n groroseus Donoso-Barros~~

~~i 14. 1566 L iolaemus n i grov ir id is n groroseus Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 27I, col. pi. Type-locality: San Pedro de Atacama, Cordillera de Puricó, Provincia de Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Cordilleras de Antofagasta and Atacama, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS NIT IDUS (Wiegmann)~~

~~835 Tropidurus nitidus Wiegmann. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , I7: 234, pi. I7, fig. 2. Type-~~

~~local i ty: Ch ile. 838 Liolaemus lineatus Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , 18: 723» pl- 5*> figs. 1-7" Type-locality: Valparaiso, Chile.~~

838 Liolaemus unicolor Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , 18: 728. Type-locality: Cauquenes, Ch ile. 838 Liolaemus marmoratus Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop-Carol., 18: 729, pi. 5*> '^'9' ll» Type-locality: Cauquenes, Chile.

~~sag Liolaemus n i t idus — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 140.~~

~~966 Liolaemus n i t idus — Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: I73, figs. 32, 53, 60; col. pi. 9.~~

~~Distribution: Coquimbo to Maule, in coastal areas near Cordillera de la Costa, also found in Andes and Cordillera de la Costa in central Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS OCCIPITALIS Boulenger~~

~~ISB'i Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) I5: I92. Type-locality: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.~~

~~1925 L Iolaemus ql iesch i Ahl, Zool. Anz., 62: 88. Type-locality: Torres, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS ORNATUS Koslowsky~~

I898 L iolaemus ornatus Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: I78, pi. 5- Type-locality: Cordillera de Jujuy, Argentina. 'Í1898 L'iolaemus var. 8: [ sioniferj mult icolor Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 182. Type-locality: Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina.

1909 Liolaemus pulcher Pelleqrin. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I9O9: 325. Type-locality: Créqu i and Senechal, high plateau of Peru and Bolivia; and Tiahuanacu, Bolivia. 1966 Liolaemus ornatus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 323, figs. 44, 51-52; col. pi. 20.

~~Distribution: Altiplano of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. 192 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~LIOLAEMUS PANTHERINUS Pelleqrin~~

~~iqoq Liolaemus pantherinus Pelleqrin. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I9O5: 324. Type-locality: Crequi and Sénéchal, high plateau of Peru and Bolivia.~~

~~1966 Liolaemus panther i nus —Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: 327, fig. 52; col. pi. 21.~~

~~Distribution: Altiplano of Peru, Bolivia and Chile.~~

~~L lOLAEMUS PAUL INAE Donoso-Barros~~

~~1561 L i olaemus paul i nae Donoso-Barros, Copeia, I56I: 3^1) fig» Ic. Type-locality: Calama, Rio Loa, Provincia de Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~1966 Liolaemus paul i nae — Donoso-Barros. Reptiles de Chile: I85, fig. 48; col. pi. 10.~~

~~Distribution: Vicinity of Calama, Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS PICTUS (Oumlril and Bibron)~~

~~I837 Proctotretus p ictus Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 276. Type-locality: Chile. 184^ Leiolaemus pictus — Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 213.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Chilean forests from Malleco to Chiloe and adjacent islands; Nahuel HuapT,~~

~~Argent i na.~~

~~Content: Four subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Fewer than 77 scales around midbody 2 1. Menos de 77 escamas al medio del cuerpo 2 More than 77 scales around midbody Más de 77 escamas al medio del cuerpo~~

~~argent i nus argent i nus~~

~~2. Ground color not melanistic 3 2. Color general no melánico 3 Ground color melanistic ma jor Color general melánico ma ior~~

~~3. Lateral back bands greenish; fewer than 64 3. Bandas laterales del dorso verdosas; menos~~

~~scales around midbody ch i loens is de 64 escamas alrededor del medio del~~

~~Lateral back bands yellowish-white; more cuerpo ch i loens is than 64 scales around midbody p ictus Bandas laterales blanco amarillentas; más de 64 escamas al medio del cuerpo pictus~~

~~L iolaemus p ictus p ictus (Ouméril and Bibron)~~

1848 Chrysosaurus mor io Gay, Historia Física y Política de Chile, 2: 47. Type-locality: Valdivia, Chile. 1868 Proctotretus prasinus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 120. Type-locality: Chile. 1930 Liolaemus pictus pictus — Burt and Burt, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 78 (6): I7. 1966 Liolaemus pictus pictus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 21$, figs. 34, 68, col. pl. 11.

~~Distribution: Concepción to Puerto Montt, Chile.~~

~~L i olaemus p ictus argent i nus Müller and Hellmich~~

1539 L iolaemus pictus argent inus Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 128: 7, fig. 2. Type- locality: Estancia El Cóndor, Lago Nahuel HuapT, Argentina. 1966 Liolaemus pictus argentinus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 224.

~~Distribution: Nahuel Huap' and adjacent areas, Argentina. 193 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L iolaemus p ictus ch iloeens is Müller and Hellmich~~

1535 L iolaemus p ictus ch i loeens i s Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 128: 12. Type-locality: Ancud, Chlloe Island, Chile. 1566 L iolaemus p ictus ch iloeens is — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 215, col. pi. 11.

~~Distribution: Chiloé Island, Chile.~~

~~L I olaemus p ictus ma ¡or Boulenger~~

ISS'i L iolaemus pictusj var. major Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 152. Type-locality; [ Chile. iq'^1 ¡-iolaemus pictus major — Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 278. 1566 L iolaemus pictus ma ¡or — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 222.

~~Distribution: Islands adjacent to Chiloé Island, Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS PLATEI Werner~~

~~I858 L iolaemus platei Werner, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl.,4: 255» pl- 13> 'fig- 2. Type-locality: Coquimbo, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Distribution discontinuous; Copiapo and Coquimbo; Curicó, Chile.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Fewer than 60 scales around m idbody-- plate i 1. Menos de 60 escamas al medio cuerpo-- plate i More than 60 scales around midbody Más de 60 escamas al medio cuerpo cur icens is cur icens is~~

~~L iolaemus plate i plate i Werner~~

~~Liolaemus platei plate i — Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 122: 23I. 1538 — 1566 L iolaemus plate I platei Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 234, fig. 46; col. pl. IJ.~~

~~Distribution: Coquimbo and Atacama, Chile.~~

~~L iolaemus plate i cur icens is Müller and Hellmich~~

~~1938 Liolaemus platei curicensis Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 122: 23I, fig. 2. Type- locality: Los Queñes, Curicó, Chile.~~

~~1566 L iolaemus plate i cur icens is — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 237» fig- 46.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~L IOLAEMUS ROBERTMERTENSI Hellmich~~

~~1564 Liolaemus robertmertens i Hellmich, Senckenberg iana Biol., 45: 5^5> fig- !• Type-locality: Mountains in region of Belém, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution: Cordillera de Catamarca, Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS ROTH I Koslowsky~~

~~1898 L iolaemus Roth i Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: 177» pl- *• Type-locality: Territorio de Neuquén, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution; Patagonia, Argentina. —~~

~~194 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~LIOLAEMUS RUI BAL I Donoso-Barros~~

~~1561 L iolaemus ru I bal i Donoso-Barros, Copeia, I56I: 3J0, fig. Za. Type-locality: Between~~

~~V illav icenc i and Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina, 3OOO m.~~

~~Distribution! Known only from type locality.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS SCHROEDERI Mullen and Hellmich~~

~~1538 LiolaeitiLis Schroder i Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 122: 225, fig- !• Type-locality: Los Queñes, Curicó, Chile, 1600 m.~~

~~1966 L i olaemus Schroder i — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 1/7» ^'9* ^^i col. pi. 8.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal Cord i llera and Andes between Talca and Santiago, central Chile.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS SIGN I PER (Dumeril and Bibron)~~

~~18?7 Proctotretus Signifer Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 288. Type-locality: Chile.~~

1882 L iolaemus s i qn if er var. zonatus Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: 181, pi. 6, fig. 3- Type- locality: Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. 1566 Liolaemus signifer — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 325> col. pi. 21.

~~Distribution: Altiplano of Chile, Bolivia and Argentina.~~

~~LIOLAEMUS TENUIS (Duméril and Bibron)~~

~~I837 Proctotretus tenuis Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 275- Type-locality: Chile. 1885 Liolaemus tenuis — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 152.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Coquimbo province to Puerto Montt, Chile.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Dorsal spots not reduced (Fig. 60 ); females Diseño dorsal formado por manchitas de re-~~

~~without lateral black blotches (Fig. 6I ) — gular tamaRo (Fig. 60 )j hembras sin depó-~~

tenu is sitos melánicos en los flancos (Fig. 6I ) — Dorsal spotting reduced to tiny punctula- tenu is tions (Fig. 62): females with lateral Diseño dorsal con manchitas puntiformes black blotches (Fig. 63)— punctat iss imus (Fig. 62); hembras con depósitos melánicos en los flancos (pig. 63)--~~ Punctat iss imus

~~Fig. 60. L. tenu i s tenu i s . male Fig. 61. L, tenu i s tenu i s . female~~

~~Fig. 62. L_. tenu i s punctat iss i mus ^ male Fig. 63. k« tenu i s punctat i ss imus . female 195 LIOLAEMUS~~

~~L iolaemus tenu is tenu is (Oumeril and Bibron)~~

I856 Trop idurus ptychopleurus L ichtenste i n. Nomenclátor Reptilium et Amphibiorum Musei Zoologici Berol inens is: '). Type-locality: None given. tenuis tenuis Goetsch and Hellmich, Zeits. fur Induktive Abstammungs-und 1932 [ l iolaemus ] — Vererbungslehre, 62: JO. 1966 Liolaemus tenuis tenuis — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Cliile: 2O7, figs. 30» 7^; col. pi. 12.

~~Distribution: Southern Coquimbo to Puerto Montt, Chile.~~

~~L iolaemus tenu is punctat iss imus Müller and Hellmich~~

~~?18S6 Proctotretus niqer Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I856: 233. Type-locality: isla Quinquina, Chile; in error for Isla Quiriguina, Chile.~~

1532 L iolaemus tenu i s m icropunctatus Goetsch and Hellmich (nomen nudum), Zeits. fijr Induktive Abstammungs-und Vererbungslehre, 62: JO, 1533 L iolaemus tenu is punctat iss imus Müller and Hellmich, Zool. Anz., 104: 3^7» ^ '9- 2. Type- locality: Parque Lota, Lota, Concepción, Chile. 1566 L Iolaemus tenu is punctat iss imus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 212, figs. 43, 7*^) col. pi. 12.

~~Distribution: Coastal border, Concepción to southern Chile.~~

~~L IOLAEMUS WIEGMANNI I (Oumlril and Bibron)~~

I837 Proctotretus W ieqmann i i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen,, 4: 284. Type-locality: Chile. IBii? Ortholaemus Fi tzroii Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I857: I98. Type-locality: Maldonado, Bah Ta Blanca, and Rio Negro, Argentina; taken from Girard, U.S. Exploring Expedition, Herp., 1858, 373.

~~I885 L iolaemus w ieqmann i i — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I56.~~

~~Distribution: Region of southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. T .~~

~~196 REP ILIA: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * LYGODACTYLUS~~

~~LYGODACTYLUS Gray~~

1864 Lygodactvlus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 55. Type-species: Lygodactylus strigatus Gray " (= Lygodactylus capensi s Smi th) 1880 Scalabotes Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1880: 755. Type-species: Scalabotes thoitiensis Peters. 188^ Microscalabotes Boulenger, Ann. Mag. I^at. Hist., (5) 11: 174. Type-species: IVI i croscalabotes

~~Cowan i i Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution: Tropical Africa and Malagasy Republic; Brazil.~~

~~Content: About 3O species, of which only one occurs within limits of this work.~~

Comment: Vanzolini, Arq. Zool. SSo Paulo, I7, I568, 63, includes this genus in the South American fauna on the basis of an unnamed species from Bahia and Mato Grosso, Brazil. _^____ 197 REPULÍA: SAURIA: SCINCIDAE -^ MABUYA

~~MABUYA Fitzinger~~

1826 Mabuya Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptllien: 2J. Type-species: Mabuya domin icensis Fitzinger, = Mabuya mabouya (lacépede). 1826 Spondylurus Fitzinger. Neue Classification der Reptilien: 23. Type-species: Scincus sloani Daudin.

I83O Euprep is Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph. : l62. Type-species: Lacerta punctata Linnaeus. 1834 Euprepes Wiegmann (substitute name for Euprep is Wagler), Herpetologia Mexicana: 11. 1835 Mabouya Oumeril and Bibron (substitute name for Mabuya Fitzinger), Erp. Gen., 5' 575 (first page on which emendation is used; repeated throughout Scincid synonymies).

~~I835 Her i n ia Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2: 332» Type-species: Herinia capensis Gray.~~

I843 Trachylep is Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-species: Euprepes savi any i Duméril and Bi bron. I843 Eutrop is Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-species: Euprepes Sebae Duméril and Bibron.

~~1843 Oxytropis Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 22. Type-species: Euprepes Merremi i Oumeril and Bibron.~~

~~1845 Herem i tes Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 113» Type-species: Sc i ncus v i ttatus Oliver. I845 Copeoqlossum Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: l62. Type-species: Copeoqlossum c inctum Tschudi.~~

~~1845 Xystrolep i s Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: 162. Type-species: Trachylep is ( Xystrolep is ) punctata Tschudi.~~

~~184 5 Ch ion i n ia Gray, Cat. Liz. Br it. Mus.: II6. Type-spec ies: Euprepes Delaland i i Dumér i 1 and R ihr-nn.~~

~~Distribution: Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia; Mexico through South America excluding only Chile; Antilles.~~

~~Content: About 85 species, only nine of which occur within limits of this work.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Auditory denticles absent; dorsal scales not 1. DentTculos auditorios ausentes; escamas dor- keeled; stripes present or absent on bo^-y 2 sales no guilladas; cintas longitudinales Auditory denticles present; dorsal scales presentes o ausentes 2 keeled; all stripes absent maculata Dentículos auditorios presente; escamas dorsales guilladas; cintas ausentes maculata

~~2. One frontoparietal 3 2. Un frontoparietal 3 4 4 Two f ron topar i etals Dos fr on topar i e tal es~~

~~3. Prefrontals separated f renata 3" Prefrontales separados f renata~~

~~Prefrontals in contact n i qropalmata Prefrontales en contacto n i qropalmata~~

4. Distance from snout to eye less than half of 4. Distancia ojo-hocico menos que la mitad del head length 5 largo de la cabeza 5 Distance from snout to eye as long as, or Distancia ojo-hocico de igual o mayor longitud longer than, half of head length que la mitad del largo de la cabeza - macrorhyncha macrorhyncha

~~5. Extremidades en oposición no se cruzan a los 6 5. Adpressed limbs not overlapping ;iados~~

6. Dorsum with longitudinal stripes 7 6. Dorso con cintas longitudinales 7 Dorsum without longitudinal stripes, present Dorso medianamente sin cintas longitudinales, only on sides brachypoda sólo presentes en los lados brachypoda

~~7. Dorsal scales grooved; six dark body ]. Escamas dorsales surcadas; seis cintas oscuras~~

~~i stripes heath i corporales heath Dorsal scales not grooved; nine or ten dark Escamas dorsales no surcadas; nueve a diez body stripes quapor icola cintas oscuras corporales quapor icola —~~

~~198 MABUYA~~

cinta 8. Frequently four supraoculars; vertebral dark 8. Frecuentemente cuatro supraoculares; stripe absent mabouva vertebral oscura ausente mabouya Frequently three supraoculars; vertebral darl< Frecuentemente tres supraoculares; cinta verte- stripe present dorsovi ttata bral oscura presente dorsovi ttata

~~'-"J»'" MABUYA BRACHYPODA Taylor ' '''~~

19% Mabuya bracliypodus Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 3O8, fig. 76. Type-locality: Four km ESE of Los Angeles de Tilaran, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. iq'iS Mabuya brachypoda —Webb, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38 (2): 1303-

~~Distribution: Pacific slopes from Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico to Costa Rica.~~

~~MABUYA DORSIVITTATA Cope~~

1862 Mabuia dorsivittata Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 35O. Type-locality: Paraguay. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 621. Type-locality: I874 Euprepes ( Mabu ia ) ~v i rqatus Peters, Monats. 1874: Unknown, possibly from Australian Islands. 1884 Mabuya Jobertii Thominot. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) 8: 148. Type-locality: Itatiaha, Brazil. 1885 Mabu ia tetrataenia Boettger, Zeitsch. fur Naturwiss., $8: 227. Type-locality: Paraguay. Cien. Nat., Zool., 180, figs. 1-2. 1^68 Mabuya dorsov i t tata — Gallardo. Rev. Mus. Argentino J:

~~Distribution: Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina and southern Brazil.~~

~~MABUYA FRENATA (Cope)~~

~~1862 Emoea frenata Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: I87. Type-locality: Rfo Paraguay valley, Paraguay.~~

~~1879 Mabuya frenata — Bocourt . Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 404. 1968 Mabouya frenata — Gallardo. Rev. Mus. Argentino Cien.. Nat., Zool., 9: I87, fig. 3.~~

~~Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.~~

~~Content; Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Usually with dark vertebral stripe; 1. Usualmente una cinta vertebral oscura; pronounced dark dorsal stripes; three cintas dorsales marcadas; tres supra- supra oculars cochabambae oculares cochabambae Usually without dark vertebral stripe; dark Usualmente sin cinta vertebral oscura; dorsal stripes faintly marked; usually cintas dorsales poco marcadas; usualmente four supraoculars frenata cuatro supraoculares frenata

~~Mabuya frenata frenata (Cope)~~

I87O Eumeces ( Mabouya ) l'latterer i Ste i ndachner, Sitz. Math. -Na turw i ss.' Kl. Akad. Wiss. Vienna, 62: 339, pl. 3, fig. 4. Type-locality: Brazil. 1935 Mabouya frenata frenata Dunn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 55I.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Bolivia; Mato Grosso, Brazil; Paraguay; Misiones to Mendoza,~~

~~Argent i na.~~

~~Mabuya frenata cochabambae Dunn '?i'^'~~

~~1935 Mabuya frenata cochabambae Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 553- Type-locality: Pocona, Departamento Cochabamba, Bolivia.~~

~~Distribution: Known from Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, Bolivia, — i~~

~~199 MABUYA~~

~~MABUYA GUAPORICOLA Dunn~~

~~1535 Mabuya quapor icola Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se i . Phila., 87: J*?- Type-locality: Bastos Farm on Río Alegre, Headwaters of R'o Guaporl, western Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Mato Grosso, Brazil and Santa Cruz, Bolivia.~~

~~MABUYA HEATH i Schmidt and Inger~~

~~1951 Mabuya heath i Schmidt and inger, Fieldiana, Zool., 31= *55' Type-locality: Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Ceara, Parahyba, and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.~~

~~MABUYA MABOUYA (tacépéde)~~

1788 Lacertus Mabouya Lacépede, Synopsis Methodica Quadrupedum üviparorum, in Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovipares, 1: unpaged; description in Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip., 1: 376> pl. 24. Type-locality: America and Antilles; restricted to the Antilles by Latreille, 1802 (fide Ounn);

further restricted to the Lesser Antilles by Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 87, 1936» 5*"; still further restricted to St. Vincent Island by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I99, 1950, 156. '^2. 1826 Mabuya I mabouya I Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptilien:

~~Distribution: Mexico to South America, Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, one ( sloan i Daudin) extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Dorsolateral light stripe prominent, always 1. L'nea clara dorsolateral prominente, present on sides between legs 2 siempre presente en los lados, entre los m iembros 2 Dorsolateral light stripe vague, usually Li'nea clara dorsolateral poco conspicua,

~~only on neck to arm insertion perqrav i s usualmente sólo presente entre nuca e~~

~~inserción del miembro anterior perqrav i s~~

2. Dorsolateral dark stripe one and one-half 2. Bandas oscuras dorsolaterales del ancho de to two scale rows wide; fifth supralabial una y media a dos filas de escamas; quinta under eye all iacea supralabial bajo el ojo all iacea

Dorsolateral dark stripe two and one-half Bandas dorsolaterales del ancho de dos y to three scale rows wide; usually sixth media a tres filas de escamas; usualmente labial under eye, sometimes fifth on one sexta supralabial bajo el ojo; a veces side, sixth on other mabouya quinta de un lado y sexta del otro- mabouya

~~Mabuya mabouya mabouya (Lacépede)~~

~~1820 Sc i ncus ceped i i Merrem, Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum: 71' Type-locality: Unknown.~~

I823 Sc i ncus aq il is Raddi, Mem. Soc. Italiana Sc . Modena, I9: 62. Type-locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 182'5 Scincus bistriatus Spix. Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.: 23, pl. 26, fig. 1. Type-locality: Para, Brazil.

~~1825 Sc i ncus n i qropunctatus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras.; 24, pl. 26, fig. 2, Type-locality: Ecgá, Brazil.~~

~~1826 Mabuya dom i n icens i s Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptilien: 'j2. Type-locality: Dominica Island, Lesser Antilles.~~

I83I Sc i ncus ( Til i qua ) aenea Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 9: 7O. Type-locality: Brazil. 1838 Tiliqua albolabris Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2: 292. Type-locality: Unknown.

1839 Gonqylus^ ( Eumeces ) Sp ix i i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 642. I 5= Type-locality: Cayenne, French Guiana and Brazil. 184') CoDeoolossum cinctum Tsrhndi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: l62. Type-locality: Forested region of Peru. s

~~200 ___^^ MABUYA~~

~~Mabuya tnabouya mabouya (Lacépede), continued~~

~~162. Type-locality: 1845 Trachylepis ( Xystrolep is ) punctata Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: Peru.~~

i . Phila., 154. Type-locality: 18S7 Euprepis sur Inamens I Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc I856: Sur inam. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: I87. Type-locality: 1862 Mabuia unimarq i nata Cope. Proc. Acad. Panama. 1862 Mabuia lanceolata Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: I87. Type-locality: Barbados. ISyq Mabuya metallica Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 400, pi. 228, fig. 1. Type-locality:

Mart ! n i que. 1887 Mabuia luciae Garman. Bull. Essex Inst., I9: 51. Type-locality: Santa Lucia Island. 1887 Mabuia dominicana Carman. Bull. Essex Inst., I5: 51. Type-locality: Dominica Island, Lesser Antilles. 1935 Mabuya mabouya mabouya —Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 5**- 1935 Mabuya desert icola Dunn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc!. Phila., 87: 554. Type-locality: Moliendo, Peru.

~~Distribution: Panama; Pacific Colombia and Ecuador; entire Amazonian region; Caribbean Islands including Pato, Trinidad, Tobago, Barbados and Lesser Antilles.~~

~~Mabuya mabouya all iacea Cope~~

~~I875 Mabuia alliacea Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): 115, pl- 28, fig. 1. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 1952 Mabuya mabouya all iacea —Burger, Copeia, 1952: 186.~~

~~Distribution: Veracruz and Sinaloa, Mexico to Costa Rica.~~

~~Mabuya mabouya perqrav i s Barbour~~

~~1921 Mabuya pergravi s Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 7' 85- Type-locality: Colombia. 1950 Mabuya mabouya pergravis —Dunn and Saxe, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 102: 154.~~

~~Distribution: Providence Island, Colombia, and presumably nearby mainland of Colombia.~~

~~MABUYA MACRORHYNCHA Hoge~~

~~1946 Mabuya macrorhyncha Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, I9: 241, pis. 1-4. Type-locality: llha Queimada Grande, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: llha Queimada Grande, Brazil.~~

~~MABUYA MACULATA (Gray)~~

I839 T i 1 ¡qua punctata Gray (preoccupied by Lacerta punctata Linnaeus - Mabuya punctata ) . Ann. Mag. Nat. H ¡St., (1) 2: 289. Type-locality: Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. 1833 Tiliqua maculata Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l) 2: 289. Type-locality: Surinam (in error).

~~I874 Mabouya punctat i ss ima 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) I3: 3'"'' Type-locality: Cape of Good Hope?~~

~~1945 Mabuya atlant ica Schmidt (replacement name for Mabuya punctata ) . Copeia, I945: 45, fig. 1.~~

~~1946 Mabuya punctata — Travassos, Bol. Mus. Nac. Brasil, 60: 3> pls. 1-11.~~

~~Distribution: llha Fernando de Noronha, Brazil.~~

~~MABUYA NIGROPALMATA Andersson~~

~~1918 Mabuia nigropalmata Anderssonj Ark. for Zool., 11 (I6): 8. Type-locality: Rio Curuca, Brazil and San Fermin, Bolivia.~~

Distribution: Known from type localities; material from Monte Turumiquire, Venezuela, is included under this name by Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, 1^^ 554. 201_ REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * MACROPHOLIDUS

~~MACROPHOLIDUS Noble~~

~~1921 Macropholidus Noble, Ann. New York Acad, Sci., 2'): 1'}]. Type-species: Macropholidus ruthveni Noble.~~

~~Distribution: Ecuador and northern Peru.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales smooth— ruthveni 1. Escamas dorsales lisas- ruthveni Dorsal scales striated and keeled —annectens Escamas dorsales estriadas o quilladas»- __ —annectens~~

~~MACROPHOLIDUS ANNECTENS Parker~~

~~IS^O Macropholidus annectens Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lO) 5: 565. Type-locality: Vicinity of Loja City, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Upper drainage of Rfo Zamora, Ecuador.~~

~~MACROPHOLIDUS RUTHVENI Noble~~

~~1921 Macropholidus ruthveni Noble. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 2<): IJS. Type-locality: Cordillera between Departments of Piura and Cajamarca, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~-215 0—70 ^14 202 repulía: AMPHISBAENIA: AMPHISBAENIDAE ^ * "At MESOBAENA~~

~~MESOBAENA Mertens~~

~~1525 Mesobaena Mertens, Senckenberg ¡ana, 7= !](>• Type-spec i es: Mesobaena huebneri Mertens.~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~MESOBAENA HUEBNERI Mertens~~

~~1525 Mesobaena huebner i Mertens, Senckenberg i ana, ]: IJO, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: Inirida, soutli Venezuela; corrected to Colombia by Cans, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I35, I967, 84.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Venezuela and Colombia. 203 REPULÍA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE ^^ MICRABLEPHARUS~~

~~MICRABLEPHARUS Boettger~~

~~1885 Micrablepharus Boettger, Zeitsch. für Naturwiss., ^8: 217. Type-speci es: Micrablepharus qlaucurus Boettger.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil and Paraguay.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Anterior supraciliary scale in contact with 1. Supraciliar anterior contacta con el fronto- frontonasal; first finger absent max imi liani nasal; dedo interno ausente max imil iani Anterior supraciliary scale not in contact with Supraciliar anterior no contacta con el fronto-

~~frontonasal; first finger present dunn i nasal; dedo interno presente dunni~~

~~MICRABLEPHARUS MAXIMILIANI (Reinhardt and LUtken)~~

1862 Gvmnophthalmus Maximiliani Reinhardt and Ltjtken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 3 (l86l): 211, pi. 5, fig. 6. Type-locality: Brazil. 1885 Micrablepharus qlaucurus Boettger, Zeitsch. fur Naturwiss., 58: 218. Type-locality: Paraguay.

~~1885 Micrablepharus max im i 1 ian i —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; 426.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil and Paraguay.~~

~~MICRABLEPHARUS DUNNI Laurent~~

1949 Micrablepharus dunni Laurent, Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, 25 (9): 3> figs. 4-6. Type- locality: "Santa Marta", with country unknown} Laurent suggested either Colombia or Brazil, but the name occurs commonly throughout South America.

~~Distribution: Unknown. 204 repulía: SAURIA: IGÜANIDAE *** MORUNASAURUS~~

~~MORUNASAURUS Dunn~~

~~1533 Morunasaurus Dunn, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc, Nat. Hist., 8: 75- Type-species: Morunasaurus~~

~~qro i Dunn.~~

~~Distribution: Disjunct; known from Amazonian Ecuador and one locality in Panama.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

Dorsonuchal crest present; tail compressed; 1. Cresta dorsonucal presente; cola comprimida; annul! of spines on tail separated by three .anillos espinosos caudales separados por tres scale rows dorsally and two ventrally hileras dorsales y dos hileras ventrales de annular is — escamas— annular i s Dorsonuchal crest absent; tail circular; annuii Cresta dorsonucal ausente; cola circular; of spines on tail separated by four scale rows anillos espinosos separados por cuatro hileras

~~dorsally and three ventrally qro i dorsales y tres hileras ventrales de escamas--~~

~~qro I~~

~~MORUNASAURUS ANNULARIS (O 'Shaughnessy)~~

1881 Hoplocercus annularis O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 244, pl. 25, fig. 2. Type- locality: Canelos, Ecuador. 1533 Morunasaurus annularis-.-Dunn. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: 76.

~~Distribution; Amazonian Ecuador.~~

~~MORUNASAURUS GROI Dunn~~

~~1933 Morunasaurus qro i Dunn, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8; 76. Type-locality: Valle de San Antón, Panama.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. 205 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE **** NEUSTICURUS~~

~~NEUSTICURUS Duméril and Bibron~~

~~1839 Neust icurus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= 6l. Type-species: Lacerta b icari nata Linnaeus.~~

~~Distribution: Mountain areas of Costa Rica to Amazonian region, east of Andes.~~

~~Content: Seven species, according to most recent revision, by Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,~~

~~32, 1566, plus an eighth ( racen i s i ) recently revived from synonymy.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsum covered by regular scales, not Dorso no cubierto con escamas finamente granules 2 granulares 2 Dorsum covered with fine, granular Dorso cubierto con escamas finamente~~

~~scales racen i s i granulares racen i s i~~

~~2. Tympanum deeply recessed within an external Tímpano profundamente deprimido dentro del auditory meatus (except in holotype of meato auditivo (excepto en el holotipo de~~

tate i ) ; tail strongly compressed in adults, tate i ) ; cola fuertemente comprimida en less so in juveniles 3 adultos; menos en juveniles 3 Tympanum not or but slightly recessed; tail Tímpano no deprimido o ligeramente; cola

~~slightly or moderately compressed 4 moderadamente com prim i da A~~

~~3. Body with several longitudinal rows of tubercu- Cuerpo con varias hileras longitudinales de late scales; temporal scales keeled, l~~

~~ii^JM-g~~

Fig, 1. Lateral view f tail, showing two lat- Fig. 2. Lateral view of tail, showing three to eral scales for each tw median ventral caudal five lateral scales for each two median ventral scales. caudal scales.

con hileras Tympanum slightly recessed; body with irregular Tfmpano ligeramente hundido; cuerpo irregulares de tubérculos dorsales; disco del rows of dorsal tubercles; disc in lower eyelid inferior dividido por surcos verti- divided into sections by vertical grooves; párpado cales; tres a cinco escamas a los lados de la three to five scales along side of tail for por cada dos escamas medioventrales each two median ventral caudal scales r"^'^ cola rud i s Tympanum slightly or not recessed; body with Tímpano hundido (ligeramente o no); cuerpo con regular or irregular rows of tubercles, or no hileras regulares o irregulares de tubérculos tubercles present; disc in lower eyelid tubérculos; disco en el párpado divided or not; two or three scales along side o bien sin inferior dividido o no; dos o tres escamas a of tail for each two median ventral caudal largo de los lados de la cola por cada dos scales- lo escamas caudales medioventrales '^ 206 NEUSTICURUS

Tympanum not recessed; tubercles, if present, 5. Timpano no hundido; tubérculos si están pre- in regular or irregular rows; if tubercles sentes en hileras regulares o irregulares; si present, lateral scales heterogeneous; tail los tubérculos están presentes las escamas 1.4 to 2.1 times body length 6 laterales son heterogéneas; cola 1,4 to 2,1 Tympanum slightly recessed; enlarged dorsal veces la longitud del cuerpo 6 scales on body in four regular rows; lateral Tímpano ligeramente hundido; escamas dorsales scales uniform, small; no tubercles on head ensanchadas en el cuerpo en cuatro hileras or sides; tail short, 1.1 to 1.5 times body regulares; escamas laterales uniformes, length; nostril surrounded by brown or blacl< pequeñas; no hay tubérculos a los lados de la spot cochranae cabeza; cola corta, 1,1 to 1,5 veces la longitud del cuerpo; orificio nasal rodeado de manchas negras o castañas cochranae

Upper lateral nuchal scales conical, forming 6. Escamas nucales supralaterales cónicas formando one or more longitudinal rows of tubercles; una o más hileras longitudinales de tubér- two to five posterior preanals 7 culos; dos a cinco preanales posteriores 7 Upper lateral nuchal scales small, uniform, Escamas nucales supralaterales pequeiías, uni- not forming longitudinal rows; two large formes no forman hileras longitudinales; dos posterior preanals; no conspicuous light areas preanales posteriores anchas; ausencia de on upper forelimbs strangulatus áreas claras conspicuas en las extremidades

~~anter i ores strangulatus~~

Frontonasal-f rontal area with irregular scales; 7. Area frontonasal y frontal con escamas two series of supraoculars; three scales along irregulares; dos series de supraoculares; tres side of tail for each two median ventral escamas a lo largo de los lados de la cola por caudal scales; translucent disc In lower eye- cada dos escamas caudales medioventrales; lid divided into sections by vertical grooves- disco transparente ocular dividido en apodemus secciones por surcos verticales apodemus

Frontonasal-frontal area with regular scales; Area frontonasal y frontal con escamas one series of supraoculars; usually two scales regulares; una serie de supraoculares; usual- along side of tail for each two median ventral mente dos escamas a lo largo de los lados de caudal scales; translucent disc in lower la cola por cada dos escamas caudales medio- eyelid rarely divided ecpleopus ventrales; disco transparente ocular raramente divid! do ecpleopus

~~NEUSTICURUS APODEMUS Uzzell~~

~~1966 Neusticurus apodemus Uzzell. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 132: 298, figs. 3-4. Type-locality: San Isidro del General, San José, Costa Rica, 865 m.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type-locality.~~

~~NEUSTICURUS BICARINATUS (Linnaeus)~~

1758 Lacerta b icar nata L i nnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 201. Type-locality; "Indi is." I839 Neusticurus b. cari natus—Dumérll and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5; 64. 1966 Neust icurus b_ carinatus—Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 132: 281.

~~Distribution: Guyana; eastern Venezuela; Estado do Para and Estado de RondSnia, Brazil.~~

~~NEUSTICURUS COCHRANAE Burt and Burt~~

1931 Neusticurus ecpleopus cochranae Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 35O. Type-locality: San José de Sumaco, Ecuador. 1966 Neusticurus cochranae—Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 32: 3O7.

~~Distribution: Amazonian lowlands of northern Ecuador. s~~

~~207 NEUSTICURUS~~

~~NEUSTICURUS ECPLEOPUS Cope~~

Nat. ! . 1876 Neusticurus ecpleopus Cope, Jour. Acad. Sc Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I6I. Type-local ! ty: Peru; according to Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I32, 1566, 29O, probably in drainage of R'o Huallaga, between Rioja, Moyobamba, Balsaspuerto, and exit of Huallaga into Amazon Basi 1530 Neust icurus ocellatus Sinitsin, Amer. Mus. K'ovitates, Í08: 1. Type-locality: Rurrenabaque,

Bol i via. iq^S Neusticurus tuberculatus Shreve, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: 2O9. Type-locality: Sarayacu, Ecuador. 1966 Neusticurus ecpleopus—Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 132: 25O.

~~Distribution: Eastern slopes of Andes from southern Colombia to central Bolivia; Territorio do Acre and Estado do Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~NEUSTICURUS RACENIS I Roze~~

~~19=18 Neusticurus racenisi Roze. Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 2: 252. Type-locality; Auyantepu', Estado Bolivar, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~NEUSTICURUS RUDIS Boulenger~~

~~1500 Neust Icurus rudis Boulenger, Trans. Linnaean Soc. London, (2) 8: 53- Type-locality: Foot of Mount Roraima, Guyana, IO5O m.~~

1523 Neust icurus suri namens I MUller, Zool. Anz., 5^: 255- Type-locality: Albina, near mouth of Maroni River, Surinam. 1527 Neusticurus dejongi Brongersma, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 20: 5*3- Type-locality: Surinam. 1966 Neusticurus rudis—Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 132: 286.

~~Distribution: Guyana, Surinam, and extreme eastern Venezuela.~~

~~NEUSTICURUS STRANGULATUS (Cope)~~

i ty:__ 1868 Euspondylus stranoulatus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1868: 99. Type-local Ecuador; according to Uzzell (below) probably either between Papallacta and Napo, or along R'o Napo, before it joins Rfo Marañón, in Ecuador or Peru. Nat. Hist., 302. 1966 Neusticurus stranoulatus — Uzzell . Bull. Amer. Mus. 132:

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Andes, Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~Content; Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Tubercles absent stranqula tus 1. Tubérculos ausentes stranoulatus Tubercles present trachodus Tubérculos presentes trachodus~~

~~Neust icurus stranoulatus stranoulatus (Cope)~~

1897 Euspondilus Festae Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 12 (3OO): 10. Type-locality: Valley of Rio Zamora and Rio Santiago, Ecuador. 1966 Neusticurus stranoulatus stranoulatus—Uzzell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 132: 3O2.

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes in Ecuador and northern Peru.~~

~~Neust icurus stranoulatus trachodus Uzzell~~

~~1966 Neusticurus stranoulatus trachodus Uzzell. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 32: 3O5. Type-locality: Divisoria (=Cordillera Azul), Huánuco, Peru, I3OO-I6OO m.~~

~~Distribution: Departamento de Huánuco, in Andes of Central Peru, between 75'' ^nd I6OO m. 208 NEUSTICURUS~~

~~NEUSTICURUS TATEI (Burt and Burt)~~

1931 Arthrosaura tatei Burt and Burt, Bull. Aitier. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 313. Type-locality: Vegas Falls, 15 mi north of Esmeraldas, Venezuela, 1400 m. 283. 1966 Neusticurus tate I — Uzzell. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 132:

~~Distribution: Highlands of .Estado Bol'var and Territorio Federal de Amazonas, Venezuela, as well as neighboring Brazil, 400 to 1400 m. —~~

~~209 repulía: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE '^ ^ ^ OPHIODES~~

~~OPHIODES Wagler~~

~~1828 Oph iodes Wagler, Isis von Oken, 21: 74O. Type-spec Íes: Pyoopus str iatus Spix.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.~~

~~Content: Four species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Supralabials with black bars 2 1. Supralab iales con barritas negras 2 Supralablals immaculate vertebral is Supralab Iales inmaculados vertebralis~~

2. Fewer than 21 dorsal scales in head length; fewer 2, Longitud cefálica menos que 21 escamas dorsales; than 147 scales between nape and anus; nasal menos de 14/ escamas entre nuca y ano; escama scale not smaller than second supralabial; nasal no menor que segunda supralabial; narina nostril in posterior border of nasal scale; en el borde posterior del nasal; menos de fewer than four postmentals in contact with cuatro posmentales contactando con los infra-

i nf ralab ials 3 lab iales 3 Head length includes 21 dorsal scales; 147 Longitud cefálica igual a 21 escamas dorsales; scales between nape and anus; nasal scale 147 escamas entre nuca y ano; nasal menor que smaller than second supralabial; nostril in segunda supralabial; narina al medio del nasal; middle of nasal scale; four postmentals in cuatro posmentales contactan con los infra-

~~contact with infralabials intermed ius labiales i ntermed ius~~

3. Head length includes 14-15 dorsal scales; hind 3- Longitude cefálica igual a 14-15 escamas leg shorter than or equal to eye-snout dis- dorsales; extremidad posterior más corta o tance; dorsal longitudinal lines distinct igual que la distancia ojo-hocico; líneas str iatus longitudinales dorsales distintas str iatus Head length includes 18 dorsal scales; hind leg Longitud cefálica igual a 18 escamas .dorsales; longer than eye-snout distance; dorsal longi- extremidad posterior más larga que la dis-

~~tudinal lines indistinct yacupo i tancia ojo-hocico; líneas longitudinales doi~~

~~sales indisti ntas yacupo i~~

~~OPHIODES INTERMEDIOS Boulenger~~

~~I854 Ophiodes intermedius Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 13: 3*3- Type-locality: Near Asunción, Paraguay.~~

~~1966 Ophiodes intermedius —Gallardo, Rev. Mus. Argentino Cieñe. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", 9= 13^> fig. 5-~~

~~Distribution: Bolivia and Paraguay to Chubut, western Argentina.~~

~~OPHIODES STRIATUS (Spix)~~

1824 Pyqopus striatus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 25, pi. 28, fig. 1. Type-locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1824 Pyqopus cariococca Spix, Spec. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 26, pi. 28, fig. 2. Type-locality: Cariococca, Corcovado Mountain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1828 Oph iodes striatus —Wagler, Isis von Oken, 21: 740. 1913 Ophiodes orilli Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (3) 6: 49. Type-locality: Curityba, Parana, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Northern Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.~~

~~OPHIODES VERTEBRALIS Bocourt~~

1881 Ophiodes vertebralis Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 455» Pl- 22, figs. 3-3e. Type locality: southern Brazil and Uruguay. 1966 Ophiodes vertebralis —Gallardo, Rev. Mus. Argentino Cieñe. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", 9: 128, fig. 3,

~~Distribution: Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil. 210 repulía: SAURIA: ANGUIDAE OPHIODES~~

~~OPHIODES YACUPOI Gallardo~~

~~1966 Ophiodes yacupoi Gallardo. Rev. Mus. Argentino Cieñe. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", 5: I35, fig. 6. Type-locality: Yerbal San Martín, Puerto Libertad, Misiones, Argentina.~~

~~Distribution; From Misiones, Argentina to Mato Grosso, Brazil. 211 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE -^ * OPHIOGNOMON~~

~~OPHIOGNOWON Cope~~

~~Sel. i i 1868 Oph i ognomon Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Phila., 1868: 100. Type-speci es: Oph oqnomon tr sánale Cope.~~

~~I87I Hapalolepis Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I87I; 355. Type-species: Chale ides ( Hapalolep is )~~

~~Abendroth i i Peters.~~

~~I874 Propus Cope (preoccupied by Propus Oken, I8I6), Proc. Acad. Nat. Se i . Phila., I874: 7O.~~

~~Type-spee i es: Propus verm i form i s Cope.~~

~~Distribution: Western part of Amazonian basin in Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~Content: Three species.~~

~~Key to the species~~

~~1. Forelegs present 2 1, Extremidad anterior presente 2~~

~~Forelegs absent verm if orm is Extremidad anterior ausente verm i form is~~

~~2. Fewer than 38 body annuli between axilla and 2. Menos de 3^ anillos corporales entre extremidad groin; hind leg same length as preanal anterior y posterior; extremidad posterior de~~

scale tr isanale longitud igual al escudo preanal tr i sánale More than 40 body annuli between axilla and Más de 40 anillos corporales entre extremidad groin; hind leg reduced to minute tubercle anterior y posterior; extremidad posterior re-

~~abendroth i i ducida a un tubérculo abendroth i i~~

~~- '¿ OPHIOGNOMON ABENDROTH! I (Peters)~~

~~I87I Chalcides (H apalolepis ) Abendroth i i Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I87I: 355. Type- locality: Sarayacu, Peru.~~

~~188'5 Ophioqnomon abendroth i i —Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; 421.~~

~~1361 Oph ioqnomon abendroth i i — Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Dept. Zool. Sao Paulo, 14: 243, figs.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~OPHIOGNOMON TRISANALE Cope~~

1868 Oph ioqnomon tr i sánale Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 100. Type-locality: Napo or Alto Marañen, Ecuador. 1961 Ophioqnomon trisanale — Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Dept. Zool. SSo Paulo, 14; 25O.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador.~~

~~OPHIOGNOMON VERM I FORM IS (Cope)~~

~~I874 Propus vermiformis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874: 7''' Type-locality; Nauta, Amazonian Peru.~~

~~I885 Oph i oqnomon verm if orme — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 421.~~

~~Distribution; Amazonian Peru. 9~~

~~212 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE '^ '^ OPHRYOESSOIDES Prepared by Richard Etheridge, San Diego State College, San Diego, California~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES Oumlril~~

~~1845 Eulophus Tschudi (preoccupied by Eulophus Geoffrey, I762), Arch, fur Naturg., 11: IJI- Type-~~

~~species: Ste ironotus ( Eulophus ) arenar ius Tschudi. I85I Ophryoessoides Dumeril. Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: 66. Type-species: Ophryoessoi des~~

tr icr i status Duméril. Brachysaurus 18S6 Brachysaurus Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I856: 232. Type-species: erythroqaster Hallowell. 1862 Scartiscus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 182. Type-species: Scartiscus caducus Cope.

~~Distribution: Andes region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia; also l~~

~~Content: Fourteen species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Ventral scales sharply keeled, equal to or even 1. Escamas ventrales agudamente guilladas, iguales more sharply keeled than dorsal scales 2 o más qui Hadas que las dorsales 2 Ventral scales smooth or weakly keeled; if Escamas ventrales lisas o débilmente quilladas, keeled, much less strongly keeled than dorsal si son quilladas lo son mucho menos que las scales 5 dorsales 5

2. No very large scales in occipital region; all 2. Sin escamas grandes en la reg'6n occipital; head scales keeled 3 to.das las escamas de la cabeza son quilladas-3 Two or three very large, smooth scales in Dos tres escamas grandes lisas en la region

~~occipital region posterior to orb i ts- aculeatus occipital posterior a la órbita aculea tus~~

3. Fewer than 55 paravertebral scales; fewer than 3- Menos de 55 escamas paravertebrales; menos de 50 midbody scales 4 5^ escamas alrededor del cuerpo- More than 55 paravertebral scales from occiput Más de 55 escamas paravertebrales desde el to anterior margin of thigh; more than 5O occipucio al margen anterior del muslo; más de

~~scales around midbody scapular i s ^0 escamas alrededor del Cuerpo scapular i s~~

~~4. No projecting supere i 1 i ar i es; tail more than 4. Superciliares no se proyectan; cola más del twice as long as head and body caducus doble del largo de la cabeza y el cuerpo~~

Supere i 1 iar Íes projecting at posterolateral caducus córner of orbit; tail less than twice length Superciliares se proyectan al ángulo postero- of head and body trier istatus lateral de la órbita; cola menos del doble del largo de la cabeza y el cuerpo tr icrista tus

~~5. Supraoculars broadly dilated 6 5- Supraoculares dilatadas anchamente 6 Supraoculars not broadly dilated ] Supraoculares no dilatadas 7~~

~~5. Four broadly dilated supraoculars f ormosus 6. Cuatro supraoculares dilatadas f ormosus~~

~~Six broadly dilated supraoculars haensch i Seis supraoculares dilatadas haensch i~~

~~7. Fewer than 80 paravertebral scales 8 ]. Menos de 80 escamas paravertebrales 8 More than 80 paravertebral scales arenar ius Más de 80 escamas paravertebrales arenar ius~~

8. No very large scales in occipital region, 8. Región occipital sin escamas grandes; escamas scales on top of head keeled 5 '^^ 1^ parte superior de la cabeza quilladas — Two or three very large, smooth scales in Dos tres escamas lisas muy grandes en la

~~occipital region i r i descens región occipital i r i descens~~

~~5. Ventrals weakly keeled 10 5. Ventrales débilmente quilladas 10 Ventrals smooth 11 Ventrales 1 isas 11~~

~~10. More than 40 scales around midbody 10. Más de 40 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo~~

~~trachycephalus ; trachycephalus Fewer than 40 scales around midbody Menos de 40 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo- erythroqaster erythroqaster~~

~~11. Fewer than 60 scales around middle of body — 12 11. Menos de 60 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo More than 60 scales around middle of body 12~~

~~quen ther i Más de 60 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo--~~

~~quenther i 213 OPHRYOESSOIDES~~

~~12. Sides of belly black; small postfemoral and 12. Lados del abdomen negros; bolsas dermales post-~~

postaxillary dermal pouches 13 femorales y postaxilares pequeñas 13 Sides of belly red or pink; large postfemoral Lados del abdomen rojos o rosados; bolsas der- and postaxillary dermal pouches rhodomelas males postf emorales y postaxilares grandes rhodomelas

13. More than 46 scales around body f estae l'^.Niás de 46 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo Fewer than 47 scales around body ornatus f estae Menos de i] escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo- ornatus

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES ACULEATUS ( O' Shaughnessy)~~

1879 Leiocephalus aculeatus O' Shauqhnessy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 4: 3O3. Type-locality: Moyobamba, Peru. 1301 Liocephalus anqulifer Werner. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 'yl: 555- Type-locality: Ecuador.

~~i des aculeatus — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88. 1966 [ Ophryoesso j~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES ARENARIOS (Tschudi)~~

I845 Ste i ronotus ( Eulophus ) arenar ius Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: 154« Type-locality: Peru; given as Huacho, north of Lima, Peru, by Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Herp., 1846, 26. 1901 Liocephalus rhodoqaster Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.., (7) ]'• 5^7- Type-locality: Merced, R'o Perene, Peru, 325O ft. 1901 Liocephalus lineoqularis Werner. Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Anthro. -Ethn. Mus. Dresden, 9 (2): 3. Type- locality: Chanchamayo, Peru.

~~Ophryoesso i des arenar ius — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88. 1966 [ j~~

~~Distribution: Peru.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES CADUCUS (Cope)~~

~~1862 Scartiscus caducus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1862: 182. Type-locality: Paraguay.~~

~~I89O L i ocephalus bol i vianus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I89O: 82, pi. 9- Type-locality: Bolivia.~~

~~1910 Scartiscus 1 i ocephalo i des Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27 (2): 23. Type-locality: Paraguay.~~

~~1956 [ Ophryoesso i des j caducus — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88.~~

~~Distribution: Bolivia, Paraguay, and Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES ERYTHROGASTER Hallowell~~

~~18S6 Brachysaurus erythroqaster Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I856: 232. Type-locality: New Grenada. 1966 Ophryoessoides erythroqaster — Etheridge, Copeia, 1966: 88. [_ J~~

~~Distribution: Sierra do Santa Marta and northern Andean highlands of Colombia.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES FESTAE (Peracca)~~

~~I897 Le iocephalus Festae Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 12 (3OO): 6, fig. Type- locality: Cuenca, Ecuador.— 1966 [ Ophryoessoi des j festae Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88.~~

~~Distribution: Inter-Andean plateau in Cuenca valley, Ecuador. 214 OPHRYOESSOIDES~~

~~QPHRYOESSOIDES FORMOSUS (Boulenger)~~

~~1880 Liocephalus formosus Boulenger, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880; 43. Type-locality: Andes of Ecuador. Ophryoessoides formosus — Etheridge, Copeia, 1566: 88. 1566 [ ]~~

~~Distribution: Still known only from type specimen.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES GUENTHERI (Boulenger)~~

~~1885 Liocephalus ouentheri Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I65, pi. I3. Type-locality: Guayaquil and Sarayacu, Ecuador, and a questioned specimen from Colombia.~~

~~Ophryoessoides quenther i — Etheridge, Copeia, I566: 88. 1566 [ ]~~

~~Distribution: Apparently confined to intei—Andean plateau in Ecuador.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES HAENSCHI (Werner)~~

~~1901 Liocephalus haenschi Werner. Verh. Zool. -Sot. Ges. Wien, 5I: 555. Type-locality: Balzapamba, Ecuador.~~

~~i Acad. Sc i . St. Louis, 28: 1333 Leiocephalus haench i — Burt and Burt (in error for haensch ). Trans. 2/. haenschi Etheridge, Copeia, 88. 1966 r Ophryoessoides J — I966:~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES IRIDESCENS (Günther)~~

~~1859 Liocephalus iridescens Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 185?: 409, pl- 20, fig. B. Type- locality: Andes of Ecuador.~~

~~des i r idescens — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88. 1966 [ Ophryoessoi~~

~~Distribution: Guayaquil to El Oro Province, in drier coastal areas of Ecuador.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES ORNATUS (Gray)~~

~~1845 Le iocephalus ornatus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 219- Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1966 Ophryoessoides ornatus — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88. [_ J~~

~~Distribution; West coast of Ecuador; northern coast of Peru.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES RHODOMELAS (Boulenger)~~

~~I899 Liocephalus rhodomelas Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 4: 455. Type-locality: Ofia, Ecuador, 6500 ft.~~

~~1966 Ophryoesso i des rhodomelas — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 88. i^ J~~

~~Distribution: Intei—Andean plateaus of southern Ecuador.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES SCAPULARIS (Boulenger)~~

~~1901 L iocephalus scapular is Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 7' 5''^' Type-locality; Perene, Peru, 2600 ft.~~

~~Ophryoesso ides i s 1966 [ j scapular — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 89. Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Peru.~~

~~OPHRYOESSOIDES TRACHYCEPHALUS (Oumlril)~~

~~I85I Holotropis Trachycephalus Duméril, Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: 7". Type-locality: Santa |_ J Fé de Bogotá, Colombia.~~

~~1966 [ Ophryoessoides J trachycephalus — Etheridge, Copeia, I966: 89. Distribution: Highlands of eastern Andes of Colombia. 215 OPHRYOESSOIDES~~

~~nPHRYOESSOIDES TRICRISTATUS Oumlril~~

Paris: Type-locality: I85I Ophryoessoides Tricristatus Duméril, Cat. Méth. Coll. Rept. Mus. 66. Brazil. Rept. der Osterre ich i schen Fregatte Novara, Zool., I869 Ophryoessoides Dumerili i Ste indachner, Reíase Para, Brazil. 33, pi. 2, fig. 5. Type-locality: 88-. i Copeia, I566: 1566 Ophryoessoides trier I status — Ether dge,

~~Distribution; Western Brazil. 216 REPULÍA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * * * OPIPEUTER Prepared by Thomas Uzzell, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut~~

~~OPIPEUTER Uzzell~~

~~l%q Opipeuter Uzzell. Postilla, 125: 3. Type-species: Opipeuter xestus Uzzell.~~

~~Distribution: As for only known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~OPIPEUTER XESTUS Uzzell~~

~~iq6q Opipeuter xestus Uzzell, Postilla, I25: 4. Type-locality: Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bolivia 2200 m.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Andean slopes of central Bolivia, headwaters of Rfo Chapare between 1000 and 3000 m. 217 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE -^ JK jf: PANTODACTYLUS~~

~~PANTODACTYLUS Duméril and Bibron~~

~~1835 Pantodactvlus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= "28. Type-spec ¡es: Pantodactylus d'Orbiqnyi Duméril and Bibron.~~

~~Distribution: South America east of Andes and below 10° S.~~

~~Content: Two species, according to most recent revision by Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, 1552.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Males with fewer than 8/8 femoral pores; two 1. Machos con menos de 8/8 poros femorales; dos~~

~~i preanal scales schre i bers i escamas preanales schre ibers Males with 8/8 femoral pores or more; three Machos con 8/8 poros femorales o más; tres~~

~~preanal scales quadr il inea tus escamas preanales quadr il i neatus~~

~~PANTODACTYLUS OUADRIL INEATUS (Boettger)~~

Naturforsch. Ges., I876 Cercosaura ( Pantodactvlus ) quadr il ineatus Boettger, Ber. Senckenberg ischen I876: 141. Type-locality: SSo Paulo, Brazil. 1948 Pantodactvlus femoralis Vanzolini. Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool., Sao Paulo, 8: 337, fig. Type- locality: Mariana, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

~~i Comp. Zool., 106: 1952 Pantodactylus quadr i 1 neatus —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. 513'~~

~~Distribution: SSo Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~PANTODACTYLUS SCHRE I BERS I I Wiegmann~~

~~I834 Cercosaurus Schreibersii Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 10. Type-local i ty: Brazil. 188'^ Pantodactvlus schreibersii —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 358.~~

~~Distribution: Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, southern Brazil, and southeastern Peru.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, according to revision by Ruibal, 1952.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Lateral white stripe originating below eye, 1. Cinta lateral blanca, originada bajo el passing through lower half of ear and ojo, que pasa por debajo del medio del above forelimb 2 oído y encima de la extremidad anterioi 2 No lateral white stripe; overall color gray Sin cinta lateral; dorsal color gris o or black; usually with dorsolateral white negruzco; usualmente con una cinta

~~i i stripe schre ibers i i blanca dorso lateral schre ibers~~

2. Some dorsal scales black-tipped and 2. Algunas manchas del punteado negro dorsal arranged to form irregular vertebral and se disponen formando líneas longitudinales paravertebral longitudinal stripes; irregulares que corren vertebral y para- fernales with 0/0 or 1/1 femoral pores vertebralmente; hembras con 0/0 a l/l albostr iqatus poros femorales albostr igatus Color pattern not as above; females with DiseRo no como el anterior; hembras con 2/2 2/2 or 3/3 femoral pores parkeri 3/3 poros femorales Parkeri

~~Pantodactylus schre ibers i i schre i bers i i (Wiegmann)~~

~~1839 Pantodactvlus d'Orbiqnyi Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5: 43I. Type-local i ty: Buenos A ires. Argent ina.~~

1863 Pantodactylus bivittatus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863: IO3. Type-local i ty: PaysandJ, Uruguay. 1894 Pantodactylus Borellii Peracca. Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 9 (176): !• Type-locality: Colonia Apa, alto río Paraguay, Paraguay.

~~1952 Pantodactylus schre ibers i i schre i bers i i —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 515- Distribution: Northern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil. i i~~

~~218 PANTODACTYLUS~~

~~Pantodact vlus schre ibers i i albostr iqa-tus (Griffin)~~

~~1917 Pr ionodact ylus albostr i gatus Griffin, Ann. Carnegie IVIus., 11: '}li, pi. Ji, Type-locality: Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil.~~

1552 Pr ionodact vlus sclire i bers i i albostr i gatus—Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 517*

~~Distribution: Estado de Minas Gerais to Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~Pantodact ylus schre ibers i i parker Ruibal~~

~~1552 Pantodactvlus schre ibersi i parker Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: Jl^- Type- locality: Buenavista, Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Bolivia, southeastern lowlands of Peru, and Mato Grosso, Brazil. [~~

~~219^ repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * PHENACOSAURUS~~

~~PHENACOSAURUS Barbour~~

~~1520 Phenacosaurus Barbour, Proc. New England Zool. Club, I'. 62. Type-spec Íes: Anolis heterodermus~~

~~Dumér i 1.~~

~~Distribution: Mountainous areas of Colombia,~~

~~Content: Three species.~~

~~Comment: A revision soon to be published by James Lazell will change this genus considerably.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Single row of scales in dorsal crest, best 1. Una sola hilera de escamas en la cresta dorsal, developed on nape of neck -2 con máximo desarrollo en la nuca 2 Two rows of pointed scales in dorsal crest Dos hileras de escamas puntudas en la cresta heterodermus dorsal heterodermus

~~2. No granules in dorsal scalation, some scales 2. Escamas dorsales sin granulos, algunas escamas larger than others but never as much as twice mayores que otras pero nunca el doble de~~

as large n icef or i tamaño n icef or i Large, flat scales in dorsal scalation com- Escamas dorsales grandes planas completamente pletely separated from one another by much separadas entre s' por escamas mucho más smaller scales, granules, and even naked skin chicas, granulos y aun piel desnuda r ichteri r ichteri

~~PHENACOSAURUS HETERODERMUS (Duméril)~~

I85I A. nolis ] heterodermus Duméril. Cat. Meth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris: 5?. Type-locality: Colomb ia. Proc. New Zool. Club, 62. 1520 [ Phenacosaurus J heterodermus-— Barbour, England 7'

1545 Phenacosaurus paramoens i s Hellmich, Deutsche Aquar. -Ze i ts. , 2: IO5, fig. Type-locality: Paramo de Sumapaz, Colombia, 375'^ "'• 1569 Phenacosaurus heterodermus— Marinkelle, Lacerta, 27: 37> figs.

~~Distribution: Cundinamarca and Boyaca, Colombia,~~

~~PHENACOSAURUS NICEFORI Dunn~~

~~154* Phenacosaurus n icefori Dunn, Caldasia, 3 {^^)'- 59> ^'9* Type-locality: Vicinity of Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia, 2340 m.~~

~~Distribution: Norte de Santander, Colombia and Sierra de Perija, Venezuela.~~

~~PHENACOSAURUS RICHTERI Dunn~~

~~1944 Phenacosaurus richteri Dunn, Caldasia, 3 (n): 60, fig« Type-locality: Tabic, Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2645 m.~~

~~Distribution: Cundinamarca, Caldas, and possibly Antioquia, Colombia. 220 REPTIL lA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE * * PHOLIDOBOLUS~~

~~PHOLIDOBOLUS Peters~~

~~1862 Pholidobolus Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 155. Type-species: Ecpleopus (Pholidobolus) mont ium Peters.~~

~~Distribution: Interandean Peru and Ecuador.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~i"ontium 1. Prefrontal absent mont ium 1. Prefrontal ausente Prefrontal rudimentary anomalus Prefrontal rudimentario anomalus~~

~~PHOLIDOBOLUS ANOMALUS Miiller~~

~~192^ Pholidobolus anomalus Müller. Zool. Anz., 57: 52. Type-locality: Cuzco, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~PHOLIDOBOLUS MONTIUM (Peters)~~

Wiss. Berlin, 1862: I96, pi. 2, fig. 3. 1862 Ecpleopus f Phol idobolus ) montium Peters, Abh. Akad. Type-locality: Quito, Ecuador. 188'i Pholidobolus montiunr—Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 4O3.

~~Distribution» Interandean Ecuador. 22_1 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * PHRYNOSAURA~~

~~PHRYNOSAURA Werner~~

~~iqO? Phrvnosaura Werner, !n Burger, An. Univ. Chile, 121: I51. Type-species: Phrynosaqra~~

~~re iche i Werner.~~

~~Distribution: Northern Chile and western Argentina, possibly desert areas of southern Peru.~~

~~Content: Three species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. One row of scales between subocular and supra- 1. Una fila de escamas entre subocular y supralabials 2 labiales 2 Two rows of scales between subocular and supra- Dos filas de escamas entre subocular y supralabials werneri labiales werneri

2. Ventral scales on tail keeled; eleven supra- 2. Escamas ventrales de la cola quilladas; once supralab iales marmoratus lab i ais marmoratus Ventral scales on tail smooth; six supra- Escamas ventrales de la cola lisas; seis labials reichei supralab iales re iche i

~~PHRYNOSAURA MARMORATA (Burmeister)~~

I86I Leiosaurus marmoratus Burmeister, Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, 2: 521. Type-local i ty: Quebrada de la Troya, north of Anillaco; also Alpaquinche and Añapa, west of Catamarca; all in Provincia Catamarca, Argentina. 1928 Phrvnosaura marmorata—Müller, Zool. Anz., 77= 62.

~~Distribution: Desert and arid areas of Catamarca, Argentina.~~

~~PHRYNOSAURA REICHEI Werner~~

~~1907 Phrynosaura reichei Werner, in Burger, An. Univ. Chile, 121: I5I, pi. 1, figs. 2a-b. Type- locality: Iquique, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Desert of Antofagasta and Tarapaca, Chile; probably deserts of southern Peru.~~

~~PHRYNOSAURA WERNERI Müller~~

1928 Phrynosaura werneri Müller. Zool. Anz., 77: 64. Type-locality: Unknown. 1966 Liolaemus lentus Gallardo. Neotropica, 12 (37): I7, fig. 1. Type-locality: Altos de Cochico, Puelen, La Pampa, Argentina.

~~Distribution: Salitral de Cochica, La Pampa, Argentina. 9~~

~~222 __^ repulía: SAURlA: GEKKONIDAE ÍK * PHYLLODACTYLUS~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS Gray~~

1828 PhyllodactYlus Gray, Spicileg. Zool.: 3« Type-species; Phvllodactvlus pulcher Gray. = 1843 Euleptes Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 55- Type-species: Euleptes wagler i Fitzinger Phyllodactylus europaeus Gene.

1843 Pi scodactylus Fitzinger (preoccupied by D Iscodactylus Waaler, 1833) . Systeina Reptilium: 95" Type-species: Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Wiegmann. 1845 Gerrhopygus Gray, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.; I5O. Type-species; D iplodactylus qerrhopyqus Wiegmann.

~~I879 Paroedura Günther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 3' 2I7. Type-species: Paroedura sanct i johannis (sic) Gijnther.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Europe, southwestern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Oceania and North, Central, and South America.~~

Content: About 60 species, all but fourteen of which are extral imi tal. Phyllodactylus alboqutattus Boulenger, as listed in Wermuth, Das Tierreich, 80, 1565» 133» ¡^ *" erroneous reference to Phyllobates alboquttatus Boulenger, 1903» ^ frog species.

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Preanal plate enlarged, clearly distinguish- 1. Con placa preanal bien desarrollada; escamas able; all dorsal scales equal in size, no dorsales iguales, sin tubérculos dorsales 2 tubercles on dorsum 2 Sin placa preanal; escamas dorsales alternan Preanal scales same size as surrounding scales; con tubérculos 3 dorsal scales alternate with tubercles 3 2. Cola con una doble hilera de tubérculos late- 2. A double row of lateral, enlarged tubercles on rales agrandados heterurus tail heterurus Cola sin tubérculos laterales gerrhopygus No tubercles on tail gerrhopygus 3. Tubérculos muy definidos y diferentes de la 3. Dorsal tubercles well-defined, trihedral and lepidosis básica; trihedrales y carenados 4 keeled 4 Tubérculos de diferente tamaño, aplanados lisos Dorsal tubercles flat and smooth, but clearly contrastando con escamas pequeñas 13 differentiated from smaller scales 13 4. Superficie dorsal de la tibia con tubérculos 4. Dorsal surface of tibia with enlarged tubercles agrandados 5 5 Superficie dorsal de la tibia sin tubérculos Dorsal surface of tibia without enlarged agrandados lep i dopygus

tubercles lep i dopyous 5. Más de diez hileras de tubérculos dorsales 6 5» More than ten rows of dorsal tubercles 6 Tubérculos dispuestos en diez hileras parale- Dorsal tubercles in ten parallel rows, clearly las, claramente delimitadas, entre ellos delimited, with area between them covered by quedan espacios cubiertos por escamas small scales; ear opening bordered by denticu- pequeñas; escamas denticulares en el oído late scales - re i ss i i re iss i i

6. Individual dorsal tubercles not in contact with 6. Tubérculos dorsales no apegados entre sí, dejan each other, area between them relatively large espacios relativamente amplios ocupados por and occupied by small scales 7 escamas pequeñas 7 Individual tubercles large, in contact with Tubérculos dorsales grandes, numerosos, apega- each other; small area between angles of tu- dos entre sí, dejando en los ángulos pequeños bercles occupied by small scales ventral is espacios ocupados por escamas pequeñas- t/entral is 7. With I3-I8 rows of dorsal tubercles 8 With more than 18 rows of dorsal tubercles 9 7' '^°" 13"18 hileras de tubérculos dorsales- Con más de 18 hileras de tubérculos dorsales — With denticles bordering ear opening 11 No denticles bordering ear opening 8. Con dentículos auditivos 11 -- tuberculosus Sin dentículos auditivos tuberculosus

9. Two postmentals; more than two rows of caudal 9. Dos posmentales; más de dos hileras de tubércu- tubercles 10 los caudales 10 Three postmentals; two rows of tubercles Tres posmentales; dos hileras de tubérculos on proximal quarter of tail iulieni en el cuarto proximal de la cola Jul i en i 223 PHYLLODACTYLUS

~~10. Eight to ten rows of tubercles at base of tail; 10. Ocho a diez hileras de tubérculos en la base de 28 rows of tubercles across dorsum of body la cola; 28 hileras de tubérculos a través del~~

~~i rutten dorso rutten i Six to eight rows of tubercles at base of tail; Seis a ocho hileras de tubérculos en la base de~~

~~18 rows of tubercles across dorsum mart in i la cola; 18 hileras de tubérculos a través del~~

~~dorso mart i n i~~

~~11. With 16-18 rows of dorsal tubercles 12 11. Con 16-18 hileras de tubérculos dorsales 12~~

~~With I3-I6 rows of dorsal tubercles d ixon i Con I3-I6 hileras de tubérculos dorsales- dixoni~~

12. With 48-60 transverse ventral scales from 12. Con 48-60 escamas ventrales transversas desde throat to anus; 39"*7 tubercles in single garganta hasta ano; 35"*7 tubérculos en cada paravertebral row from rear of head to base of hilera paravertebral desde posterior de la tail palmeus cabeza hasta base de la cola palmeus With 60-66 transverse ventral scales; 46-52 Con 60-66 escamas ventrales transversales; 46- tubercles in single paravertebral row 52 tubérculos en cada hilera paravertebral ¡nsularis insularis

~~13. Terminal lamellae of digits much enlarged, most I3. Lámelas terminales de dedos muy agrandadas, la of claw hidden when viewed from above; nostril mayor parte de la uña oculta en vista dorsal;~~

i not swollen i naequal s narina no hinchada i naequal i s Terminal lamellae of digits very small, most of Lámelas terminales de dedos muy chicas, la mayor claw exposed when viewed from above; nostril parte de la uña expuesta en vista dorsal; greatly swollen m icrophyllus narina muy hinchada m icrophyllus

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS DIXON I Rivero and Lancini~~

1568 Phyllodactylus d ixon i Rivero and Lancini, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle, Caracas, No. ]8: I68, figs.. 1-4. Type-locality: Mouth of Rio Parguaza, tributary of Rio Orinoco, Estado Bolfvar, Venezuela.

~~Distribution: Region of Rio Orinoco, Estado Bolívar, south-central Venezuela.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS GERRHOPYGUS (Wiegmann)~~

1835 D iplodactylus qerrhopyqus Wiegmann, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. -Carol. , ly: 242. Type-locality: Tacna, Peru. 1836 Phyllodactylus qymnopygus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., J: 39** Type-locality: Chile. I885 Phyllodactylus qerrhopyqus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 95-

~~Distribution: From Arequipa, southern Peru, to Tarapaca, northern Chile.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS HETERURUS Werner~~

~~1907 Phyllodactylus heterurus Werner, in Burger, An. Univ. Santiago, Chile, 121 (2): 145, pi. 1, fig. "^a-b. Type-locality: Oasis de Pica, Tarapaca, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS INAEQUALIS Cope~~

~~I876 Phyllodactylus inaequalis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I74. Type-locality: Pacasmayo, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Extreme northwestern Peru and probably southwestern Ecuador.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS INSULARIS Dixon~~

~~i960 Phyllodactylus insularis Dixon, Herpetolog ica, I6: 5- Type-locality: Half Moon Cay, Roatan Islands, British Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality. 224 PHYLLODACTYLUS~~

~~PHYLLODACTVLUS JUL I EN I Cope~~

~~T88S Phyllodactylus julieni Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: 180. Type-locality: Aruba Island.~~

~~1562 Phyllodactylus Jul i en i — Dixon, Southwestern Naturalist, 7= 212.~~

~~Distribution: Aruba Island, Dutch West Indies.~~

~~PHVLLODACTYLUS LEPIDOPYGUS (ischudi)~~

184S Diplodactylus lepidopyqus Tschudi, Ark. fDr Naturg., 11: 155- Type-locality: Peru. 1845 Discodactylus phacophorus Tschudi, Ark. fur Naturg., 11: 159' Type-locality: Peru. I878 Phyllodactylus n iqrofasc iatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, I7: 36. Type-locality: Chimbóte Valley, Peru, 2000 ft. 1500 Phyllodactylus var ieqatus Werner, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Anthro.-Ethno. Mus. Dresden, 5 (2): 2. Type-locality: Lima and Chanchamayo, Peru.

~~1507 Phyllodactylus lep i dopyqus — Roux, Rev. Suisse Zool., 15^ 254.~~

~~Distribution: Western coast of Peru.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS MARTINI Van Lidth~~

~~I887 Phyllodactylus martini Van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., 5: I3O, pi. 2, figs. 2-3. Type-locality: Curasao.~~

~~1962 Phyllodactyius (sic) mart in i — Dixon, Southwestern Naturalist, 7' 214.~~

~~Distribution: Dutch Leeward Islands.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS MICROPHYLLUS Cope~~

I876 Phyllodactylus microphyllus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I75. Type-locality: Valley of Río Tequetepeque, Peru. 1310 Phyllodactylus lobensis Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27; 6. Type-locality: Isla Lobos, Peru.

~~Distribution: Extreme northwestern to central Peru.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS PALMEUS Dixon~~

~~1968 Phyllodactylus palmeus Dixon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 81: 419, "fig- !• Type-locality: 0.5 km north of Roatan, Isla de Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras, 25 m.~~

~~Distribution: Bay Islands, Honduras.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS REISSI I Peters~~

1862 PhYllodactylus re iss i i Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 626. Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1900 PhYllodactylus baessleri Werner, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Anthro.-Ethno. Mus. Dresden, 9 (2): 2. Type- locality: Chanchamayo, Peru.

1910 PhYllodactylus quayaqu i lens is Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27: 4. Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1313 Phyllodactylus abrupteser iatus Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 3''= *• Type-locality:

~~"wahrsche i nl ich Brasilien". 1924 Phyllodactylus maqister Noble, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5= HO. Type-locality: Perico, Valley of Rio Chinchipe, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal Ecuador and Peru to I25O m. 225 PHYLLODACTYLUS~~

~~PHYLLOOACTYLUS RUTTENI Hummel inck~~

~~1547 Phyllodactylus rutteni Hummel inck, Studies Fauna Curajao, 1: 77- Type-locality: Isla Blanquilla, Venezuela.~~

~~1562 Phyllodactylus rutten i — D ixon. Southwestern Naturalist, 7: 2I7.~~

~~Distribution; Islands on Venezuelan coast; La Tortuga, Los Hermanos, Blanquilla, Orchila, Archipiélago de los Roques.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS TUBERCULOSUS Wiegmann~~

18^'í Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Wieqmann, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. -Carol. , I7 (l): 241, pl. 18, figs. 2-2a. Type-locality: California; restricted by Dixon, Herpetolog ica, I6, I56O, 4, to the village of California, Nicaragua. 1560 Phyllodactylus tuberculosus — Dixon, Herpetolog ica, I6: 4.

~~Distribution: West coast of Mexico through Central America to Costa Rica.~~

~~imi Content: Four subspecies, one ( saxat ills Dixon) extral tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Fewer than 21 interorbital scales 2 1. Con menos de 21 escamas interorbitales 2~~

~~i i With 24 interorbital scales i nger i Con 24 escamas interorbitales nqer~~

2. Fewer than 28 scale rows across belly; 37 2. Con menos de 28 escamas a través de vien- or more paravertebral tubercles; venter tre; 37 ° "'^^ tubérculos paravertebrales; bright ochre maqnus vientre ocre brillante magnus More than '}0 scale rows across belly; fewer Mas de JO escamas a través del vientre; than 35 paravertebral tubercles; venter tubérculos dorsales menos de 35j vientre lemon yellow tuberculosus amarillo limón tuberculosus

~~Phyllodactylus tuberculosus tuberculosus (wiegmann)~~

~~R'o Chilama, iq'í2 PhyllodactYlus eduardof i scher i Mertens, Zool. Anz., 148: 88. Type-locality: La Libertad, El Salvador.~~

~~1964 Phyllodactylus tuberculosus tuberculosus — D ¡xon, New Mexico St. Univ. Se i . Bull., 64 (l): 22, figs. 1-4.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific coastal areas, Guatemala to Costa Rica.~~

~~Phyllodactylus tuberculosus i nqer i Dixon~~

~~1964 Phyllodactylus tuberculosus inqeri Dixon, New Mex ico St. Univ. Sci . Bull., 64 (l): 36. Type-locality: Stann Creek, British Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal region of British Honduras.~~

~~Phyllodactylus tuberculosus maqnus Taylor~~

1942 Phyllodactylus maqnus Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 28: 99, fig. 3. Type-locality: Tierra Colorado, Guerrero, Mexico. 1964 Phyllodactylus tuberculosus maqnus — Dixon. New Mexico St. Univ. Sci. Bull., 64 (l): 27.

~~Distribution: Michoacan, Mexico to Guatemala.~~

~~PHYLLODACTYLUS VENTRAL IS O'Shaughnessy~~

187^ Phyllodactylus ventralis O'Shauqhnessy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) I6: 263. Type-locality: "Jamaica"; suggested that it might be Colombia or Venezuela by Dixon, Southwestern Naturalist, 7, 1962, 222. 1935 Phyllodactylus muUeri Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lO) 1$: 483. Type-locality: Patos island, Venezuela. 1962 Phyllodactylus ventral is — D ixon. Southwestern Naturalist, ]: 220, fig. 2.

~~i str ibut pon: Northern Colombia and Venezuela, Margarita and Patos Islands. i~~

~~226 repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE -^ ^ ^ ^ PHYLLOPEZUS~~

~~PHYLLOPEZUS Peters~~

~~1877 Phyllopezus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1877' *!*> fg- !• Type-species: Phyllopezus goyazensis Peters.~~

~~Distribution; As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~PHYLLOPEZUS POLLICARIS (Spix)~~

~~182S Thecadactylus pollicaris Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.; 17, pl. 18, fig. 2. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil. 188S Phyllopezus pollicaris — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 145.~~

~~Distribution: South America, south of equator and east of Andes.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Lamellae under fourth toe 5~135 ventrals 1. Lámelas bajo el cuarto dedo 9"13> ventrales counted along midline 28-32; tubercles a lo largo de la línea media 28-32; tubér- present lateral to anus poll icar is culos presentes lateralmente al ano Lamellae under fourth toe 8-11; ventrals poll icar is 26-25; adanal tubercles not constant in Lámelas bajo el cuarto dedo 8-11; ventrales

~~adults przewalsk i i 26-25; tubérculos laterales al ano no~~

~~constantes en adultos przewalsk i i~~

~~Phyllopezus poli icar i s poli icar is (Sp ix )~~

1887 Phyllopezus qoyazens i s Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I887: 415> fig* 1» Type- locality: Goiás, Brazil. 1933 Platydactylus Spixii Schleqel. in Müller and Brongersma, Zool. Meded., IJ: I6I, fig. 1. Type-locality: Brazil. 1537 Phyllopezus poll icar is poll icar is — Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 11: 171' 1953 Phyllopezus poll icar is poll icar is — Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 11: 35''» pis. 1-2.

~~Distribution: Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Maranháo, and Paraíba, Brazil.~~

~~Phyllopezus poll icar is przewalsk i i Koslowsky~~

I855 Phyllopezus przewalsk i i Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6: 371> pl- !• Type-locality: Descalvado, Distrito Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 1553 Phyllopezus pollicaris przewalsk! — Vanzolinl, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 11: 357.

~~Distribution: Provincia La Pampa, Argentina, through Paraguay and Bolivia to Mato Grosso, Brazil. 227 REPTIL lA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * PHYMATURUS~~

~~PHYMATURUS Gravenhorst~~

18^8 Phvmaturus Gravenhorst. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 18: 740. Type-species: Lacerta palluma Molina. 1843 Centrura Bell, Zool. Voy. Beagle, Rept., $: 25. Type-spec Íes: Centrura flaqellifer Bell»

~~Distribution: Both sides of Andean Cordillera from Coqu ¡mbo-Catamarca to Patagonia.~~

~~Content; One species.~~

~~PHYMATURUS PALLUMA (Molina)~~

1782 Lacerta palluma Molina, Saggio Stop. Nat. Chile: 3*5* Type-locality: Central Chile. 1838 Phymaturus palluma —Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 18: 75O, pi. 55, fig. 2. Type-locality; Higher Cordillera of Chile.

~~Distribution: Both sides of Andean Cordillera from Coqu imbo-Catamarca to Patagonia.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Median dorsal granules much larger than 1. Granulos medio dorsales mucho mayores que lateral granules; caudal scales strongly los laterales; caudales fuertemente mucronate-- palluma mucronadas» palluma Median dorsal granules only slightly larger Granulos medio dorsales apenas mayores que than lateral granules; caudal scales los laterales; caudales ligeramente

~~si i gh ti y mucronate patagón icus mucronadas pataqonicus~~

~~Phvmaturus palluma palluma (Molina)~~

1843 Centrura flaqellifer Bell, Zool. Voy. Beagle, Rept., 5: 25, pl. 14, fig. 2. Type- locality; Chile. 1848 Qplurus Bibronii Guichenot. in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile; Zool. 2: 53, Atlas pl. 14, fig. 2. Type-locality: High Cordillera of Ovalle, Province of Coquimbo, Chile. 1531 Phymaturus palluma palluma Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 281.

~~Distribution: Chilean and Argentinian Andes, from Coquimbo to region north of Rfo Negro.~~

~~Phvmaturus palluma patagón ¡cus Koslowsky~~

1836 Phvmaturus pataqonicus Koslowskv. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8: 184, pl. I7. Type-locality: Territorio del Chubut (Patagonia¿ Argentina. 1321 Phymaturus spurcus Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 3*= 139' Type-locality; Huanuluan, R'o Negro, Argentina. 1931 Phymaturus palluma pataoonicug—Burt and Burl, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6I: 281.

~~Distribution: Patagonian cordillera south of Rfo Negro, Argentina. 228 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE '^ '^ ^ "At PL ACQ SOMA~~

~~PLACOSOMA Tschudi~~

~~1847 Placosoma Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 13: 50- Type-spec !es: Placosoma cordyl i num Tschudi.~~

~~I87O Urosaura Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I87O: 641. Type-species: Cercosaura ( Urosaura ) glabella Peters.~~

~~1533 Elaphrosaura Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932)= 67" Type-species: Elaphrosaura spitz i Amaral.~~

~~Distribution: Estado de SSo Paulo to Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~Content: Three species, two according to most recent revision by Uzzell, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 606, 1959, with third added recently by Cunha.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. More than I9 total femoral pores (except 1. Mas de I9 poros femorales (excepto en las~~

in females of cordyl ¡ num ) ; dorsal pattern hembras de cordylinum ); distribución del not as below 2 diseño y color dorsal no como el que sigue Fewer than 18 femoral pores in total; dorsal 2 part of head yellow extending on back as dor- Menos de 18 poros femorales totales; parte sal band; rest of body dark brown; two darker dorsal de la cabeza amarillenta se continúa lateral bands and third band dorsoventrally sobre el dorso como faja clara mediana; resto c ipoense pardo oscuro, mis acentuado a los lados; dos fajas laterales oscuras y una tercera faja

2. Total femoral pores 27-32 on males, 0-6 on separando dorso de vientre c i poense on females; 28-30 scales around middle of body; ventral scales with angular posterior 2. Poros femorales totales en el macho 27-32; 0-6 borders; anterior margin of tympanum not en las hembras; 28-30 escamas dorsales en el

~~depressed cordyl i num medio del cuerpo; escamas ventrales angulares Total femoral pores 19-22 in both sexes; en los bordes posteriores; margen anterior del~~

~~21-25 dorsal scales around middle of body; tímpano no deprimido c ordyl i num~~

posterior border of ventral scales rounded; Poros femorales totales 19-22 en el macho y anterior margin of tympanum slightly hembra; 21-25 escamas dorsales en el medio del depressed qlabellum cuerpo; escamas ventrales redondeadas en los bordes; margen anterior del tímpano ligera-

~~mente deprim i do olabellum~~

~~PLACOSOMA CIPOENSE Cunha~~

~~1966 Placosoma c ipoense Cunha, Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Zool., 6I; 2.~~

~~T ype-local i ty: Serra do Cipo (near Belo Horizonte), Minas Gerais, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type-locality.~~

~~PLACOSOMA CORDYLINUM Tschudi~~

~~I847 Placosoma cordyl i num Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 13! 51' Type-locality: Northern Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, SSo Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, and Santa Catarina, Brazil.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Scales in two median dorsal rows broader 1. Escamas dorsales en dos hileras medianas than long; fewer than seven enlarged más anchas que largas; seis o menos dor- scales between granular areas in axillae; sales ensanchadas entre las areas granu- light line between eye and shoulder, lares de la inserción del brazo; una separated from tympanum by at least one línea clara húmero ocular separada del row of dark granules cordyl inum timpano a lo menos por una hilera de Scales in two median dorsal rows longer granulos oscuros cordyl inum than broad; more than seven enlarged Escamas dorsales en dos hileras medianas scales between granular areas in axillae; más largas que anchas; ocho o más dorsales light line not separated from tympanum ensanchadas entre las áreas granulares de champsonotus la inserción del brazo; línea clara húmero ocular no separada del tímpano champsonotus 229 PLACOSOMA

~~Placosoma cordyl i num cordyli num Tschudi~~

~~1944 Ecpleopus lutzae Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 57= 97- Type-locality: Rio~~

~~Beija-Flor, Therezopol i s, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1555 Placosoma cordyl inum cordyl inum—Uzzell, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 606: 3-~~

~~Distribution: Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.~~

~~Placosoma cordyl i num champsonotus (Werner)~~

1910 Pr ionodactylus champsonotus Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 2J: '}l. Type-locality: Itapocu, Jaragua, Santa Catharina, Brazil. 1516 Euspondylus cupreus Andersson, Goteborgs Kungl. Vetens. Vitterhets. Handl., (4) I7 (5)= 6. Type-locality: Brazil. 193^ Elaphrosaura spitzi Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, ] (1932): 68. Type-locality: Serra de Cubatao, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1555 Placosoma cordyl inum champsonotus—Uzzell, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 606: 9-

~~Distribution: Santa Catar ina, Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso, Brazil.~~

~~PLACOSOMA GLABELLUM (Peters)~~

1. I87O Cercosaura ( Urosaura ) glabella Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I87O: 641, pi. 1, fig. Type-locality; Santa Catharina, Brazil. 1959 Placosoma qlabellum —uzzell, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 606: 11.

~~Distribution: Coastal areas of S5o Paulo, Parana, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, Brazil. —~~

~~230 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE **** PLICA Prepared by Richard Etheridge, San Diego State College, San Diego, California~~

~~PLICA Gray~~

Kingdom, 40. Type- I83I Plica Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal 5; species: Lacerta pi ica Linnaeus. I83I Hyps ibatus Wagler (preoccupied by Hyps ibatus Nitzsch), Nat. Syst. Amphib.; I5O. Type-species: Lacerta umbra Linnaeus. 183s Hypsilophus Wieqmann (replacement name for Hypsibatus Wagler). Arch, fur Naturg., 1 (2): 285. is Spix. 1837 Uperanodon Dume'ril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., 4: 247. Type-species: Lophyrus ochrocollar 184^ Ptychopleura l^itzinger, Systema Reptilium: 59. Type-species: Lacerta plica Linnaeus. and 1843 Ptychosaurus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 59. Type-species: Hypsibates punctatus Duméril Bibron. ^ Zoologici 1847 Hyperanodon Agassiz (replacement name for Uperanodon Dumlril and Bibron), Nomenclátor Index Universalis: I9O.

~~Distribution: Northern South America east of Andes.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Sides of neck with groups of enlarged, spinose 1. Grupos de escamas espinosas a los lados del scales d1 ica cuello pl ica No enlarged spinose scales on sides of neck Sin grupos de escamas espinosas a los lados del umbra del cuello umbra

~~PLICA PLICA (Linnaeus)~~

Type-locality: "Indus". I7S8 Lacerta Plica Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 208. "Gallaecia . 1768 Iguana chalcidica Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 48. Type-locality: Mag., 2: 208. Type-locality: None given. 1827 LophyrurTo^hTI^Isa ) Agamoides Gray, Phil. (2) in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 9: 41. I83I Plica plica — Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptflia, I ] Type-locality: None given. 1837 Hypsibatus punctatus Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Ge'n., 4: 258.

~~Distribution: Northern South America, east of Andes.~~

~~PLICA UMBRA (Linnaeus)~~

~~I7S8 Lacerta Umbra Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 2O7. Type-locality: "Mer i di onal i bus". 1881 Plica umbra — O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 24$.~~

~~Distribution; Northern South America, east of Andes.~~

~~Content; Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

Vertebral scale row continuous from occiput 1. Fila de escamas vertebrales continua desde to tail, forming denticulate crest on el occipucio a la cola, formando una cresta neck; 34-46 vertebral scales from occiput denticulada en el cuello, 34-46 escamas to anterior margin of thigh; 5''"66 paravertebrales desde el occipucio hasta el vertebral scales from occiput to anterior borde anterior del muslo; '^O-dd escamas margin of thigh; 46-56 scales around body; paravertebrales desde el occipucio al borde dorsal head scales swollen, with blunt, anterior del muslo; 46-56 escamas alrededor irregular keels, a pair of pyramidal pai del cuerpo; escamas dorsales de la cabeza ietal scales; all scales more sharply ensanchadas, con quillas irregulares, obtu- keeled and more strongly mucronate umbra sas; un par de escamas parietales pirami- Vertebral scales usually not distinguish- dales; todas las escamas más fuertemente able from adjacent scales on posterior guilladas y mucronadas umbra back, forming less distinct crest; 48-58 Escamas vertebrales generalmente no diferen- vertebral scales; 68-81 paravertebral ciadas de las escamas adyacentes en la scales; 5*"65 scales around body; dorsal parte posterior de la espalda, que forman head scales smooth or nearly so, parietals una cresta no tan distinta; 48-58 escamas flat or slightly convex, not pyramidal; vertebrales; 68-81 escamas paravertebrales; all scales less sharply keeled and 54-65 escamas alrededor del cuerpo; escamas mucronate ochrocollar is dorsales de la cabeza lisas o casi lisas, parietales planas o ligeramente convexas, no piramidales; todas las escamas no tan guilladas ni mucronadas ochrocollar is 231 PLICA

~~new combination PI i ca iimhra iimhra (Linnaeus),~~

~~22: 480. Type-locality: Surinam. ISqq Trnpidurus un i car i na tus Werner. Zool. Anz.,~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Amazonian region of South America; southern Venezuela, Guianas, and northeastern Brazil.~~

~~PI ica umbra ochrocollar is (Spix), new combination~~

Bras.: figs. 2. Type-locality: 182=^ Lophyrus ochrocollar i s Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. 10, pi. 12, Amazon River. 182S Lophyrus Panthera Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 11, pi. 13, fig. 1. Type-locality: "in sylvis ad pagum Ecga". , v , \ Type-locality: IByfi Hyperanodon peUigerus Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., (2) 8 (1875): I/O. Middle and upper Amazon and western Peru. 1512 Tropidurus holotropis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 10: 420. Type-locality: Alpayacu, RTo Pastaza, Ecuador, 36OO ft. I5I8 Uraniscodon tuberculatum Andersson, Arl<. for Zool., 11 (16): 2, figs. 1-2. Type-locality: San Fermín, northwest Bolivia.

~~Distribution: Western Amazonian Basin of South America; southern Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil. 232 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * * POLYCHROIDES~~

~~POLYCHROIDES Noble~~

~~1524 Polychroides Noble, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5= lO?- Type-species: Polychroides peruv ¡anus Noble.~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~POLYCHROIDES PERUVIANOS Noble~~

~~1924 Polychroides peruvianus Noble, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5- IO5. Type-locality: Near~~

~~Querocot i 11a, Cajamarca, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Wooded valleys of Andes in northern Peru; known from Cajamarca and Piura Provinces. 233^ repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * POLYCHRUS~~

~~POLYCHRUS Cuvier~~

I8I7 Polychrus Cuvier, Regne Animal, 2; 40. Type-spec Íes: Lacerta marmorata Linnaeus. I827 Polycrus Gray (emendation of Polychrus Cuvier), Phil. Mag., 2: 57' I827 Polychnus Berthold (in error for Polychrus Cuvier), in Latreille's Naturllche Familien des Thierreichs: 9*'

1843 Ecphymatotes Ftlzinger, Systema Reptilium: 62. Type-species: Polychrus acut i rostr is Spix. 1845 Sphaerops Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: I83. Type-species: Polychrus anomalus Wiegtnann. I87O Chaunolaemus Peters, Monats. Akad. liiiss. Berlin, I865: 786. Type-species: Polychrus

~~( Chaunolaemus ) mult i car i na tus Peters.~~

~~Distribution: South America.~~

~~Content: Five species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Scales of sides larger than middorsal scales, 1. Escamas de los lados mayores que escamas del and separated by much smaller granules 2 medio dorso y separadas por granulos mucho más Scales of flanks not larger than middorsals and chicos 2 in contact with each other, not separated by Escamas de los flancos no mayores que las del granules 3 medio dorso y en contacto, no separadas por granulos 3

~~2. Femoral pores fewer than 12, dorsals distinctly 2. Menos de 12 poros femorales, dorsales distinta-~~

~~keeled acut i rostr is mente qui Hadas acut i rostr is Femoral pores more than IJ, dorsals smooth or Más de I5 poros femorales, dorsales lisas o~~

~~weakly keeled femoral i s ligeramente quilladas femoral i s~~

3. Serie baja de escamas levantadas que forman una 3. Low series of raised scales forming midventral cresta ventral media desde el mental al crest from mental to guiar appendage 4 apéndice gular- No low series of raised scales on midventral Serie de escamas levantadas en la linea media line between chin and throat out turosus ventral entre mentón y garganta ausente qutturosus

~~4. Pectoral and ventral scales keeled marmoratus 4. Escamas pectorales y ventrales quilladas~~

~~Pectoral and ventral scales smooth 1 i oqaster marmora tus~~

~~Escamas pectorales y ventrales lisas — 1 i oqaster~~

~~POLYCHRUS ACUTIROSTRIS Spix~~

~~I825 Polychrus acut irostri s Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 15, pl. 14a. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil.~~

~~I834 Polychrus anomalus Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 16. Type-local i ty: Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, and eastern Bolivia.~~

~~POLYCHRUS FEMORAL IS Werner~~

~~iqiO Polychrus femoralis Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27 (2): 21. Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands in southwestern Ecuador.~~

~~POLYCHRUS GUTTUROSUS Berthold~~

~~1846 Polychrus qutturosus Berthold, Nachr. Univ. Konigl. Gesell, Wiss. Gottingen, 8-10: 11. Type- locality: Popayan, Colombia,~~

~~Distribution: Pacific Ecuador north into Costa Rica and Nicaragua.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~369-215 0—70- 234 POLYCHRUS~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Canthus rostralis somewhat rounded; scales 1. Canto rostral algo redondeado; escamas de on pectoral region smooth or very weakly la region pectoral lisas o ligeramente~~

i i keeled-- spurrelli i qu i 11a das spurrell Canthus rostralis distinctly angular; Canto rostral distintamente angular; scales on pectoral region strongly keeled, escamas de la region pectoral fuertemente may be bi- or tricarinate, usually uni- guilladas, pueden ser bi- o tr ¡carenadas,

~~un i carena das car i na te qutturosus generalmente qutturosus~~

~~Polychrus qutturosus qutturosus Berthold~~

I87O Polychrus ( Chaunolaemus ) mult Icar i natus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1865: 786. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 1535 Polychrus qutturosus qutturosus — Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1935= S?^-

~~Distribution: Higher western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia north to Costa Rica and Nicaragua.~~

~~Polychrus qutturosus spurrell i i Boulenger~~

~~1514 Polychrus spurrelli Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914: 814, pi. 1, fig. 2. Type- locality: Peña Lisa, Condoto, Colombia.~~

~~1935 Polychrus qutturosus spurrelli i — Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1935= 516.~~

~~Distribution: Lowland rain forests of northwestern Ecuador and Colombia.~~

~~POLYCHRUS LIOGASTER Boulenger~~

~~I9O8 Polychrus lioqaster Boulenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 1: II3. Type-locality: Provincia Sara, Bolivia, 75'' '"> 3"d Chanchamayo, eastern Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Lowlands of Amazonian Bolivia and Peru; Acre, Brazil.~~

~~POLYCHRUS MARMORATUS (Linnaeus)~~

1758 Lacerta marmorata Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 208. Type-locality: "Hispania". 1820 Polychrus marmoratus — Merrem, Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum: 48. of 1821 Poiychru^s str i q i ventr is Waqler. Descr i pt iones et Icones Amphibiorum: pi. 12, and third page I J unnumbered text. Type-locality: None given. 1822 Polych .[rus] virescens Schinz, in Cuvier's Das Thierreich, 2: 65- Type-locality: None given. 183S Polychrus Neovidanus Waqler. Isis von Oken, 26: 897- Type-locality; None given.

~~Distribution: Amazonian basin of South America; Venezuela, i s~~

~~235^~~

~~REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE -^ iAt "^ * PRIONODACTYLUS Prepared by Thomas Uzzell, Yale University, Mew Haven, Connecticut~~

~~PRIONODACTYLUS 'Shaughnessy •~~

~~1881 Pr ionodactylus O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 23I. Type-species: Cercosaura~~

~~( Pr ionodactylus ) man i cata O'Shaughnessy.~~

~~Distribution: Panama to Bolivia.~~

~~Content: Four species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Frontonasal single 2 1. Con una frontonasal 2 Frontonasal divided argulus Con dos f rontonasales arqulus~~

~~2. Loreal in contact with supralabials 3 2. Loreal en contacto con supralab iales 3~~

~~Loreal separated from supralabials — vertebral i s Loreal separada de supralab iales vertebral I~~

3. With 32-35 scales around middle of body; 14-15 3. Con 3^-35 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo; subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; subdigi- 14-15 lámelas subdigitales bajo el cuarto tal lamellae denticulate, some lamellae bear- dedo; lámelas subdigitales denticuladas, al-

ing one, others, two denticles e i qenmann i gunas con uno y otras con dos dentículos With 35~52 scales around middle of body; 14-23 e iqenmanni subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; subdigi- Con 35"52 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo; tal lamellae, if denticulate, with single 14-23 lámelas subdigitales bajo el cuarto denticle per lamella man icatus dedo; si las escamas subdigitales son denticuladas poseen un solo dentículo man icatus

~~PRIONODACTYLUS ARGULUS (Peters)~~

1862 Cercosaura ( Pantodactylus ) arqulus Peters, Abh. Akad. WIss. Berlin, 1862: 184, Type-locality: Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. I885 Pr Ionodactylus oshauqhnessy Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 392, pi. 21, fig. 1. Type- locality: Canelos and Pallatanga, Ecuador.

1514 Prionodactylus Holmgren i Andersson, Arl<. for Zool., 9 (3): 9, fig. 3. Type-locality: San Fermin, northwestern Bolivia. 1916 Prionodactylus columbiensis Werner, Zool. Anz., ij: 3O6. Type-locality: Canon del Tolima, Colomb ia.

~~1917 P-[ rionodactylus ] arqulus — Griffin, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 11: 428.~~

~~Distribution; Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia.~~

~~PRIONODACTYLUS EIGENMANNI Griffin~~

~~1917 Prionodactylus eiqenmanni Griffin, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 11: 3I6. Type-locality: Provincia del~~

~~Sara, Bol i v ia.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type material.~~

~~PRIONODACTYLUS MANICATOS (O'Shaughnessy)~~

1881 Cercosaura ( Prionodactylus ) manicata O'Shaughnessy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 23I, pi. 22, fig. 3. Type-locality; Canelos and Pallatanga, Ecuador. 1885 Prionodactylus manicatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 393. Distribution; Amazonian Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Content: Two subspecies.

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Subdigital lamellae denticulate; eye disc 1. Lámelas subdigitales denticuladas; disco divided into two scales man icatus ocular dividido, formando dos escamas- Subdigltal lamellae not denticulate; eye man icatus disc not' divided Into two or more scales — Lámelas subdigitales no denticuladas; disco

~~bol i vianus ocular no dividido bol i v ianus 236 PRIONODACTYLUS~~

~~Pr ionodactylus man I catus man i catus (O 'Shaughnessy) , new combination~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador.~~

~~i i vianus Werner, new combination Pr I onodactylus man catus bol~~

1899 Pr ionodactylus bolivianus Werner. Zool. Anz., 22: 481. Type-locality: Chaco, Bolivia. 1907 Pr ionodactylus Ockendeni Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 15= ''86. Type-locality: Carabaya, eastern Peru, 6000 - 7OOO ft.

~~Distribution: Amazonian Peru and Bolivia.~~

~~PRIONODACTYLUS VERTEBRAL IS (O ' Shaughnessy)~~

~~1875 Cercosaura ( Pantodactylus ) vertebralis 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 4: 258. Type- locality: Intac, Ecuador.~~

188S Prionodactylus vertebral i s — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 354, pi. 21, fig. 2. 1908 Pr ionodactylus palmeri Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 2: 5I8, figs.3a-d. Type-locality: San Antonio, Colombia. 1521 Pr ionodactylus mar ianus Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., IO3: 1. Type-locality: San Pedro, Antioquia, Colombia.

~~Distribution: Darién, Panama; Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Colombia; also reported from Zamora, Ecuador. 237 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE 'W ^ ^ PROCTOPORUS~~

~~PROCTOPORUS Tschudi~~

~~1845 Proc-toporus Tschudi, Ark. für Naturg., 11: l6l. Type-species: Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi. 1858 R jama Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 445. Type-species: Riama unicolor Gray.~~

~~1862 Oreosaurus Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 201. Type-species: Ecpleopus ( Oreosaurus ) str iatus Peters.~~

~~I879 Emphrassot i s O 'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 4: 255- Type-species: Emphrassot is~~

~~s imoterus ' Shaughnessy.~~

~~Distribution: Tropical South America, including northern Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad.~~

~~Content: Fifteen species.~~

~~Comment: The data presented below reflect the arrangement to be found in a manuscript submitted for publication in Postilla by Thomas Uzzell, and generously made available to us for inclusion here.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Supranasals, if present, not in contact on 1. Supranasales, si existen, no contactan en la median dorsal line 2 I'nea media 2 Supranasals in contact on median dorsal line Supranasales contactan en la I'nea media

~~quen ther i dorsal guenther i~~

2. No area of granular scales between axilla and 2. Sin banda granular continua entre axila e groin 3 ¡ngle 3 With a band of granules between axilla and Con una banda granular continua entre axila e groin 7 ingle 7

~~a lo menos en 3. With light dorsolateral lines, at least on 3- ^^o" ifneas dorso laterales claras shoulder 1 el hombro 4 Without light dorsolateral lines 6 Sin líneas dorso laterales claras 6~~

4. Loreal present; venter spotted with blacl<; no 4. Loreal presente, vientre manchado de negro; sin preanal pores in males 5 poros preanales en los machos 5 Loreal absent; venter immaculate; males with Loreal ausente, vientre inmaculado; poros en preanales de los machos shrevei preanal pores shreve i las escamas

5. Dorsal scales smooth; no light lines across 5» Escamas dorsales lisas; labio sin líneas lip; approximately 34 scales around middle of claras; aproximadamente Ji escamas al medio laevi s body laev i s del cuerpo Dorsal scales keeled; light lines across lip Escamas dorsales guilladas; labio con lineas extending from eye; about 46 scales around claras extendidas desde el ojo; aproximada- middle of body luctuosus mente 46 escamas al medio del cuerpo- luctuosus

6. Fewer than nine longitudinal rows of ventrals; 6. Ocho o menos hileras longitudinales de ven- more than twelve femoral pores in females; trales; más de doce poros femorales en las more than 25 in males achlyens hembras y vienticinco en los machos achlyens Ten longitudinal rows of ventrales; total Diez hileras longitudinales de ventrales; number of femoral pores in males fewer than número total de poros femorales en los machos twelve oculatus once oculatus

~~7. Preanal pores present 8 7- Poros presentes en el area preanal 8 Preanal pores absent 5 Poros ausente en el area preanal 5~~

8. Three supraoculars, only two of which contact 8. Tres supraoculares, solamente dos de ellas en palpebrals; sexual dimorphism in number of contacto con las palpebrales; dimorfismo preanal pores un icolor sexual en número de poros preanales un icolor Four supraoculars; second, third and fourth in Cuatro supraoculares; segunda, tercera y cuarta contact with palpebrals; no sexual dimorphism en contacto con las palpebrales; no hay dimoi— in number of preanal pores meleaqris fismo sexual en el número de poros preanales-- meleaqris

5. Fewer than 5" scales from occipital to base of 5* Menos de 5" escamas desde el occipital a la tail 10 base de la cola 10 More than 5O scales from occipital to base of Más de 5O escamas del occipital a la base de la ta il pachyurus cola pachyurus 238 PROCTOPORUS

(ocasionalmente 10. Supere il ¡ary series of scales complete (occa- 10. Series superciliares completas sionally not true in striatus ); fore and liind puede faltar en striatus ); extremidades usual- limbs overlap when stretched along body 11 mente se entrecruzan 11 Superciliary series of scales incomplete; Series superciliares incompletas; segunda, o second or second and third supraocular in segunda y tercera supraocular en contacto con contact with palpebrals; limbs do not overlap la palpebral; extremidades opuestas proyec- or do so very slightly, when stretched along tadas entre si no se tocan o a lo menos body ' columb ianus 1 igeramente columbianus

~~11. Dorsals smooth 12 11. Dorsales lisas 12 Dorsals not smooth 14 Dorsales no lisas 14~~

~~12. Median occipital present 13 12. Occipital mediano presente 13 Median occipital absent; two large lateral Dos occipitales laterales grandes; no hay~~

~~occipitals simoterus occ ip i tal mediano s imoterus~~

~~13. Three subequal occipitals; venter spotted 13.Tres occipitales subiguales; vientre manchado —~~

ventrimaculatus ventr i maculatus Three occipitals, median much smaller than Tres occipitales, el mediano mucho menor; others; venter uniform yellowish bolivianos vientre amarillento homogéneo bol jvianus

~~lA.Loreal present 15 14.Loreal presente 15 Lo real absent 16 Loreal ausente 16~~

15. With 40 scales around midbody; three pairs of 15.Con 40 escamas al medio cuerpo; tres pares de post men tais hvpost ictus posmen tales hvpost ictus With 30 scales around midbody; four pairs of Con JO escamas al medio cuerpo, cuatro pares de postmen tais quentheri posmen tal es quentheri

~~16. Con cuatro supraoculares 17~~

~~16. With four supraoculars 17 Con tres supraoculares bol i vi anus~~

With three supraoculars bol i vlanus ly.DiseUo dorsal formado por cintas longitudinales pardas, también puede ser uniforme; escamas 17. Dorsal pattern unicolor or with longitudinal estriadas striatus brown stripes; striated scales striatus Diseño dorsal castaño oscuro con los lados más Dorsal pattern brown with darker sides; light oscuros; una I'nea clara a los lados del line on sides of anterior part of body; row cuerpo al comienzo de la mitad anterior; of of seven or eight light ocelli on each side series de siete u ocho ocelos negros con body; keeled scales guentheri centros blancos a cada lado del cuerpo; escamas qui liadas quentheri

~~PROCTOPORUS ACHLYENS Uzzell~~

~~iqS8 Proctoporus achlvens Uzzell. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 557: 8. Type-locality: Maracay- Rancho Grande Road, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, II50 m.~~

~~Distribution: Montane forest of Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS BOLIVIANUS Werner~~

~~1910 Proctoporus bol i vianus Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. i^amburg, 27 (2): 3^. Type-locality;~~

Sorata, Bol i v ia. 1913 Oreosaurus lacertus Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 45: 546. Type-locality: T incochchaca, Peru, 2300 m.; corrected to Tinccochaca by Cochran, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 220, I96I, I27, 1914 Proctoporus lonq icaudatus Andersson, Ark. fur Zool., 9 (3)' 6, figs. 2a-d. Type-locality: Pelechuco, western Bolivia. 1920 Proctoporus obesu s Barbour and Noble, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 58! 6I6. Type-locality: Rusta Hispana, Peru.

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Andes in Bolivia and Peru.~~

~~Comment; The use of this taxon is based on Uzzell, Postilla, in press. 239 PROCTOPORUS~~

~~PROCTOPORUS COLUMBIANUS Andersson Type-locality: Colombia. 1514 Proctoporus columbianus Andersson. Ark. for Zool., 5 (3): 3, fig. la-d.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern slopes of Andes in Colombia and Ecuador.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS GUENTHE RI (Boettger)~~

I85I Oreosaurus Guentheri Boettger, Zool. Anz., 14: 345. Type-locality: Sorata, Bolivia. 1502 Oreosaurus ocellifer Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 10: 400. Type-locality: Marcapata Valley, Peru. 1920 Oreosaurus anomalus Barbour and Noble, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 'j8: 614. Type-locality: San Fernando, valley of R'o San Miguel, Peru.

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Bolivia and Peru.~~

~~Comment: This arrangement of synonyms follows Uzzell, Postilla, in press.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS HYPOST ICTUS Boulenger~~

~~1502 Proctoporus hvpost ictus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 9= 55- Type-locality: Paramba, Ecuador, II6O m.~~

~~Distribution: Higher western slopes of Andes in Ecuador.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS LAEVIS (Boulenger)~~

~~1908 Oreosaurus laevis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 2: 521, figs. 'ya-d. Type-locality:. San Antonio, Colombia.~~

~~1533 Proctoporus laevis —Burt and Burt, Trans. Acad. Sc i . St. Louis, 28: 73-~~

~~Distribution: Southwestern Colombia.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS LUCTUOSUS (Peters)~~

~~1862 Ecpleopus ( Oreosaurus ) luctuosus Peters, Abh. Akad. W!ss. Berlin, 1862: 2O3. Type-locality: Venezuela.~~

~~1533 Proctoporus luctuosus—Burt and Burt, Trans. Acad. Sc i . St. Louis, 28: 73-~~

~~Distribution: Rancho Grande, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS MELEAGRIS Boulenger~~

~~1885 Proctoporus meleaqris Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 415, pl' 22, fig. 2. Type-locality: Western Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Higher western slopes of Andes in Ecuador, to 3OOO <"•~~

~~PROCTOPORUS OCULATUS (O 'Shaughnessy)~~

~~I879 Ecpleopus oculatus O'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) *: 297' Type-locality: Intac, Ecuador. 1933 Proctoporus oculatus—Burt and Burt, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 28: 73-~~

~~Distribution: Higher western slopes of Andes in Ecuador.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS PACHYURUS Tschudi~~

~~1845 Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi, Ark. fur Naturg., 11: I6I. Type-locality: Valley of Rio Chanchamayo, eastern slope of Andes, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Inter-Andean valleys in Chanchamayo region of Peru. )~~

~~240 PROCTOPORUS~~

~~PROCTOPORUS SHREVEI Parker~~

~~1935 Proctoporus ( Oreosaurus ) shreve i Parker, Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad, 12: 283. Type-locality: Heaths of Aripo Mountain Range, Trinidad.~~

~~Distribution: Trinidad.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS SIMOTERUS (O ' Shaughnessy~~

~~1879 Emphrassotis simoterus O'Slnaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 4: 296. Type-locality: Intac, Ecuador. 188S Proctoporus simoterus —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 414.~~

~~Distribution: Western slopes of Andes in Ecuador.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS STRIATUS (Peters)~~

~~I862 Ecpleopus ( Oreosaurus ) strlatus Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 201, pi. 3, fig. 2. Type- locality: Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia.~~

~~1885 Proctoporus striatus —Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. , 23: 98.~~

~~Distribution: Upper eastern slopes of Andes in Colombia; questionable record from El Chiral, El Oro Province, Ecuador (see Peters, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3545, I967, 33).~~

~~PROCTOPORUS UNICOLOR (Gray)~~

~~I858 Riama un icolor Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 446, pi. 15, fig. 2. Type-locality: Ecuador.~~

~~I878 Ecpleopus ( Oreosaurus ) Peters i Boettger, Ber. Offen. Ver. fiJr Natur., I7-I8: 9* Type-locality;~~

~~Province of Para, Brazil; considered to be erroneous by Burt and Burt, Trans. Acad. Sc i . St. Louis, 28, 1933, 74. I885 Proctoporus un icolor — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 413.~~

~~I889 Proctoporus 1 i v idus Thominot, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (8) 1: 25. Type-locality: unknown.~~

~~Distribution: Higher western slopes and intei— Andean valleys of northern Ecuador.~~

~~PROCTOPORUS VENTRIMACULATUS Boulenger~~

~~1900 Proctoporus ventr imaculatus Boulenger. Ann. Mag. fJat. Hist., (7) 6: I85. Type-locality: Cajamarca, Peru, 33OO m.~~

~~Distribution: Intei— Andean valleys of northern Peru. 241 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * PROCTOTRETUS~~

~~PROCTOTRETUS Dumlril and Bibron~~

~~1837 Proctotretus Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 266. Type-species: Proctotretus pect inatus Dumeril and Bibron.~~

~~1845 Ptyqoderus Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 216. Type-species: Proctotretus pect i natus Dumeril and Bibron.~~

~~1882 Trop i docephalus MGller, Verb. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 1: 162. Type-species: Trop idocephalus azureus Müller.~~

~~Distribution: Southern South America east of Andes; Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, extreme southern Brazil.~~

~~Content: Three species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Vertebral and dorsolateral crests distinct; 1. Crestas vertebral y dorsolateral distintas; triple row of semicircular spots; lateral diseño con triple hilera de manchas semi- light stripes not broken; throat immaculate circulares; cintas laterales claras no que- 2 bradas; cuello inmaculado 2 Vertebral crest indistinct; dorsolateral crests Cresta vertebral Indistinta; crestas dorso- absent; double row of semicircular spots; laterales faltan; diseco con doble fila de lateral light stripes broken; throat with manchas semicirculares; cintas laterales

~~brown markings doello jurado i claras quebradas; cuello con marcas pardas doello iuradoi~~

2. Lamellae on fourth digit of forelimb 5"12; 2. Lámelas bajo el cuarto dedo de la extremidad postfemoral scales granular; ventral scales anterior ')-l'¿; escamas posfemorales granu- smooth pect inatus lares; escamas ventrales lisas pect inatus Lamellae on fourth digit of forelimb 14-15; Lámelas bajo el cuarto dedo de la extremidad postfemoral scales not granular; ventral anterior 14-15; escamas posfemorales no granu- scales keeled azureus lares; escamas ventrales quilladas azureus

~~PROCTOTRETUS AZUREUS (Müller)~~

~~1882 Tropidocephalus azureus Müller, Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, "J: 162. Type-locality: Uruguay. 1930 Proctotretus azureus—Burt and Burt, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus., /S: 21.~~

~~Distribution: Uruguay and extreme southern Brazil.~~

~~PROCTOTRETUS DOELLO JURADO I Freiberg~~

~~1944 Proctotretus doello jurado i Freiberg. Physis, IJ: 473, figs. 1-4. Type-locality: La Rioja, Argent ina.~~

~~Distribution: Provincias de Córdoba, Cajamarca, La Rioja, San Luis and Santiago del Estero, Argentina.~~

~~PROCTOTRETUS PECT! NATUS Duméril and Bibron~~

1837 Proctotretus pect inatus Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 252. Type-locality: Chile (in error). 1857 Proctotretus splendidus Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I857: I58. Type-locality: Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina.

~~Distribution: Río Negro to La Pampa añd Buenos Aires, Argentina; Uruguay. 242 REPTILIA: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * * PSEUDOGONATODES~~

~~PSEUDOGONATOOES Ruthven~~

~~1515 Pseudoaonatodes Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 15: 1. Type-species: Pseudoqonatodes f urvus Ruthven.~~

~~Distribution: Northern South America.~~

~~Content: Five species (plus a sixth, described but not named by Mechler, Rev. Suisse Zool., 75> 1568, 352).~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales granulai 2 1. Escamas dorsales granulares 2~~

~~Dorsal scales imbricate harbour i Escamas dorsales imbricadas harbour i~~

1 • ? 2. Length of head contained four and one half 2. Longitud de la cabeza contenida cuatro veces y times in snout-vent distance; rostral bordered media en la distancia hocico-ano; rostral boi— by three scales 3 deado por tres escamas 3 Length of head contained five times in the Longitud de la cabeza contenida cinco veces en snout-vent distance; rostral bordered by two la distancia hocico-ano; rostral bordeado por scales - qu ianens is dos escamas -- gu ianens is

3. Posterior margin of first lower labial reaches "}, Margen posterior de la primera infralabial anterior border of eye; fewer than 41 scales llega al borde anterior del ojo; menos de 41 from level of arm insertion to vent; fewer than escamas desde la inserción braquial al ano; 25 scales across belly at midbody 4 menos de 25 escamas a través del medio vien- Posterior margin of first lower labial below tre 4 loreal; more than 41 longitudinal rows of Margen- posterior de la primera infralabial scales on belly; more than 26 rows across llega a la loreal; más de 41 escamas ventra- belly f urvus les, más de 26 escamas a través del medio vientre f urvus 4. Posterior margin of mental transverse; 37~38 longitudinal rows of ventrals lunulatus 4. Margen mental posterior, transverso; 37"3S Posterior end of mental forms a "V" with hileras longitudinales de ventrales — lunulatus open end towards rear; 40-41 longitudinal rows Margen mental posterior en forma de "V" abierto of ventrals amazon icus hacia atrás; 40-41 hileras longitudinales de ventrales amazon icus

~~PSEUDOGONATODES AMAZONICUS Vanzolinl~~

~~1567 Pseudoqonatodes amazon icus Vanzolini, Pap. Avul. De pto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 21 (l): 2, fig. 1-2. Type- locality: Igarapé Belém, Rio Solimües, Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~PSEUDOGONATODES BARBOUR I (Noble)~~

~~1521 Lepidoblepharis barbouri Noble. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sc i . , 23: 133- Type-locality: Perico, Peru. 1926 Pseudoqonatodes barbouri —Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I7: 298.~~

~~Distribution: Arid valleys of Río Chinchipe and Rfo Marañen, Peru.~~

~~PSEUDOGONATODES FURVUS Ruthven~~

~~1915 Pseudoqonatodes furvus Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I9: 2. Type-locality; San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, J^^OO ft.~~

~~Distribution; V illav icenc io region of Colombia.~~

~~iMeasured from tip of snout to anterior edge 2Medida desde la punta del hocico al borde °f ear. anterior del oido. 243 PSEUDOGONATODES~~

~~PSEUDOGONATODES GUIANENSIS Parker~~

~~1935 Pseudoqonatodes auianensis Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1935= 51*" Type-locality: Upper Cuyuni River, Guyana.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana.~~

~~PSEUDOGONATODES LUNULATUS (Roux)~~

~~1927 Lepidoblepharis lunulatus Roux. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 38: 252. Type-locality: El Mene, Falcon, Venezuela. 1949 Pseudoqonatodes lunulatus —Shreve, Bull. Mus. Oomp. Zool., Harvard, 99= 522.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from Estados de Falcon and Aragua, Venezuela. —S~~

~~244 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE "^ "k PTYCHOGLOSSUS~~

~~PTYCHOGLQSSUS Boulenger~~

I85O Ptychoalossus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85O: 83. Type-spec !es: Ptvchoqiossus bi 1 ¡neatus Boulenger. I856 Diastemalepis Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 11 (235): 1. Type-species: D iastemalepi s f estae Peracca. iqi6 Gonioptychus Werner, Zool. Anz., 4/: 3''*' Type-species: Gon ioptyclius bicolor Werner.

~~Distribution: Costa Rica to Ecuador and Venezuela.~~

~~Content: Seven species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Prefrontals present 2 1. Prefrontales presentes 2 Prefrontals absent b icolor Prefrontales ausentes b icolor~~

~~2. More than five longitudinal rows of ventral 2. Escamas ventrales en más de cinco hileras~~

~~scales 3 long ! tud i nales 3 Four longitudinal rows of ventral scales Escamas ventrales en cuatro hileras longitudi-~~

~~pl i catus nales pl icatus~~

~~4 3. Ten rows of longitudinal ventral scales 4 3- Ventrales en diez hileras longitudinales Six or eight rows of longitudinal ventral Ventrales en seis a ocho hileras longitudi- scales 5 nales 5~~

4. Four supraoculars; prefrontals forming 4. Cuatro supraoculares; prefrontales forman suture f estae sutura f estae Three supraoculars; prefrontals not in Tres supraoculares; prefrontales apenas se contact p ict iceps tocan pict iceps

~~5. Four supraoculars; prefrontals in contact 6 5- Cuatro supraoculares; prefrontales contactan Three supraoculars; prefrontals not in entre si 6~~

~~contact kuqler i Tres supraoculares; prefrontales no con-~~

~~tactan kuqler i 6. Scales between occipital and sacrum 32; uniform brown n icef ori 6. Del occipital al sacro 32 escamas; castaño sin~~

~~Scales between occipital and sacrum 24; two diseños nicef or i lateral light stripes brevifrontal is Del occipital al sacro 24 escamas; dos cintas claras laterales brevifrontal is~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS BICOLOR (Werner)~~

~~1916 Gonioptychus bicolor Werner. Zool. Anz., 4/: 3^5- Type-locality: Cañón del Tolima, Colombia. 19*58 Ptvchoqiossus bicolor —Uzzell, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 592: 1.~~

~~Distribution: Mountain area of Tolima, Colombia.~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS BREV I FRONTAL I Boulenger~~

~~Nat. Hist., (s) 10: 421. Type-locality: 1912 Ptvchoqiossus brev i f rontal i s Boulenger, Ann. Mag. El Topo, Río Pastaza, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Amazonian slopes of Ecuador.~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS FESTAE (Peracca)~~

1896 Diastemalepis festae Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Univ. Torino, 11 (235): 2. Type-locality: Río Cianati, Darién, Panama. 1931 Ptvchoqiossus festae Burt and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., $1: 373-

~~Distribution: Colombia and Panama. 245 PTYCHOGLOSSUS~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS KUGLERI Roux~~

~~1927 Ptychoqlossus kuqleri Roux, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 38: 256. Type-locality: El Mene, Estado Falcon, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Mountains of coastal Cordillera in Falcon and Aragua, Venezuela.~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS NICEFORI (loveridge)~~

~~1929 Anadia nicefori Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wasiiington, 42: 55. Type-locality: Rfo Garagoa at Macanal, eastern Andes, Colombia. 19A4 Ptychoqlossus nicefori —Dunn, Caldasia, 3 (ll): 67.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern slopes of Andes in Colombia.~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS PICTICEPS~~

IBS') Leposoma picticeps Cope. Proc. Amer. Pliil. Soc, 23: 59. Type-locality: Pebas, Peru. 1890 Ptychoqlossus bilineatus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85O: 84, pi. 10, fig. 2. Type- locality: Ecuador. and Burt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 372- 1531 p[ tychoqlossus J picticeps —Burt

~~Distribution: Amazonian Ecuador and Peru.~~

~~PTYCHOGLOSSUS PLICATUS (Taylor)~~

1949 Alopoolossus plicatus Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 272. Type-locality: Morehouse Finca, 5 mi southwest of Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica. 19^2 Ptychoqlossus plicatus —Ruibal, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106: 479.

~~Distribution; Known from type-locality and La Lola Provincia, Limón, Costa Rica. 246 REPULÍA: SAURlA: IGUANIDAE * * * SCELOPORUS~~

~~SCELOPORUS Wiegtnann~~

~~1828 SceloDorus Wiegmann, Isis von Oken, 21: 3^9' Type-spec Íes: Sceloporus torquatus Wieqmann.~~

~~Distribution: Throughout temperate North America, Mexico, and Central America to and including Panama.~~

Content: About 55 species, according to last major revision by Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26, 1935» °'f which twelve are found within limits of this work. Sceloporus salvinii Günther, based in part on Guatemalan specimens, has been restricted to a Mexican population of Sceloporus malachiticus through lectotype designation by Smith, loc. cit., p. 40.

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Postfemoral dermal pocket present 2 1. Bolsillo posfemoral presente 2 No postfemoral dermal pocket 3 Bolsillo posfemoral ausente 3~~

~~2. Dorsal scales (occiput to above posterior mar- 2. Escamas dorsales (desde el occipucio hasta gins of thighs) usually fewerthan 48 encima del margen posterior del fémur) usual-~~

~~teapens is mente menos de 48 teapens i s Dorsal scales usually more than 48 Escamas dorsales usualmente más de 48~~

~~var iabil i s var iab i 1 is~~

3. Dorsal pattern gives impression of dorsolateral 3- Diseño dorsal da la impresión de una linea light stripe 4 dorsolateral clara 4 Dorsal pattern extremely variable but never Diseño dorsal extremadamente variable que nunca giving impression of dorsolateral light stripe da la impresión de una Ifnea dorsolateral y clara 7

~~4. Total femoral pores fewerthan 25 5 *• Poros femorales en total menos de 25 5 Femoral pores more than 25 chrysost ictus Poros femorales más de 25 chrysost ictus~~

~~5. Single canthal scale 6 5- Una sola cantal 6~~

~~Two canthal scales s in if erus Dos escamas cantales s i n if erus~~

~~6. Total femoral pores more than 12 cari natus 6. Poros femorales en total más de 12 cari natus Femoral pores fewer than 12 squamosus Poros femorales menos de 12 squamosus~~

7. Dark collar on sides of neck and in some f. Con collar oscuro a los lados del cuello, en instances complete across shoulders and algunos casos completo a través de los hom- unbroken middorsally 8 bros; no quebrado med iodorsalmente 8 No dark collar; conspicuous dark nape patch Sin collar oscuro; con conspicuo parche oscuro

~~melanorh i ñus en la nuca melanorh inus~~

~~8. Single canthal 9 8. Una sola cantal 9 Two canthals 10 Dos cantales 10~~

~~'). malach i t icus 9. Supraorbitals in two rows malach i t icus Supraorbi tales en dos filas~~

~~i i nus Supraorbitals in a single row acanth i nus Supraorb tales en una fila acanth~~

10. More than 35 dorsal scales between interparie- 10. Más de 35 escamas dorsales entre la interparietal and posterior level of thighs 11 tal y el nivel posterior del fémur 11 Fewer than 35 dorsal scales between interparie- Menos de 35 escamas dorsales entre la intei— tal and posterior level of thighs 12 parietal y nivel posterior del fémuí 12

~~11. Supraorbi tais in a single row acanthi nus 11. Supraorbi tales en una fila acanth inus~~

~~Supraorbitals in two rows malachi t icus Supraorb i tales en dos filas malach it icus~~

12.Parietals and frequently frontoparietals separ- 12. Par ietales y frecuentemente f rontopar i eiales ated from posterior supraorbital by row of separadas del supraorbital posterior por una small scales 13 fila de pequeñas escamas 13

~~Parietals in contact with posterior supra- Parietales en contacto con supraorb i tales lundelli orb i tais lundell i posteriores~~

13. tower row of labiomentals extending forward to 13.Fila inferior de labiomentales extendiéndose contact second postmental prezyqus hasta contactar con segunda posmental- prezyqus Lower row of labiomentals extending forward Fila inferior de labiomentales extendiéndose only to third postmental serr iter sólo hasta tercera posmental serr if er 24_7 SCELOPORUS

~~SCELOPORUS ACANTHINUS Bocourt~~

~~1873 Sceleporus acathhinus Bocourt (erroneous spelling), Ann. Sc ! . Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) 17> ^'"t' 6 bis: 24. Type-locality: San Agustín, Volcan Atltlán, Guatemala, 610 m.~~

~~1874 Sceleporus acanthinus —Bocourt (corrected spelling). Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 180, pi. 18, figs. 10-lOb, pi. 15, figs. 4-4a.~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations from eastern Chiapas, Mexico to Guatemala and El Salvador.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Two canthal scales acanth i nus 1. Dos escamas cantales acanth i ñus~~

~~Single canthal scale lunae i Una sola escama cantal lunae i~~

~~Sceleporus acanth i nus acanth i nus Bocourt~~

I5I8 Sceloporus quentheri Stejneger, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 3I' 92- Type-locality; Mex Ico. inus Jorullo: 66. 1530 Sceloporus acanth i nurus Gadow (erroneous spelling of acanth ). 1535 Sceloporus acanthinus Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 7*> Pls. 6-7. 1963 Sceloporus acanthinus acanthinus—Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122: 70-

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Pacific slope from eastern Chiapas, Mexico to El Salvador.~~

~~Sceloporus acanth i nus lunae I Bocourt~~

10: 1. Plateau of 1873 Sceloporus lunael Bocourt, Ann. Sc I . Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) I7, art. Guatemala, I5OO m. 1535 Sceloporus lunael —Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 63, pi. 5. 1963 Sceloporus acanthinus lunael —Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122: 7O.

~~Distribution: Moderate elevations from central through eastern Guatemala, to El Salvador.~~

~~SCELOPORUS CARINATUS Smith~~

~~1936 Sceloporus carinatus Smith. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45: 85, pi. 2, figs. 2-3. Type-locality: Near Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico.~~

~~Distribution: Headwaters of R'o Grijalva, from Chiapas, Mexico to headwaters of R'o Negro, Guatemala.~~

~~SCELOPORUS CHRYSOST ICTUS Cope~~

Yucatán, 1866 Sceloporus chrysost ictus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc I . Phila., 1866: I25. Type-locality: Mex ico. 24. 1939 Sceloporus chrysost ictus—Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 295, pi.

~~Distribution: Yucatán Peninsula south to central El Petin, Guatemala and northern British Honduras.~~

~~SCELOPORUS LUNDELLI Smith~~

~~19^9 Sceloporus lundelli Smith. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 66, pi. 4. Type-locality: Cohune Ridge, 20 ml SE of Benque Viejo, British Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Yucatán Peninsula to British Honduras and El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one of which ( qa Igeae Smith) is extral im i tal. i~~

~~248 SCELOPORUS~~

~~Sceloporus lundell i lundell i Smith~~

~~iq^q Sceloporus lundelli lundelli Smith. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 66, pi. 4.~~

~~Distribution: Southern parts of Yucatán Peninsula to British Honduras and El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~SCELOPORUS MALACHITICUS Cope~~

~~1864 Sceloporus malach i t icus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc i . Phila., 1864: I78. Type-locality: Near Arriba, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico, to Panama.~~

~~Content: Five subspecies, of which two ( i nternasal is Smith and Bumzahen and salv i n i Günther) are extra limital.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de siibespecies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales usually more than 37 2 1. Normalmente más de 37 dorsales 2 Dorsal scales usually less than 38 Normalmente menos de J8 dorsales~~

~~malach it icus malach i t icus~~

~~2. Two canthal scales taen i ocnem i s 2. Dos escamas cantales taen i ocnem i s Single canthal scale smaraqdi ñus Una sola escama cantal smaraqdinus~~

~~Sceloporus malach i t icus malach it i cus Cope~~

~~I89O Sceloporus i razuens i s Günther, Biol. Cent. Amer., Rept.: 67. Type-locality: Irazu, Costa Rica. Sceloporus malachit icus malachit icus SmitK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1542 [ ] — 92: 356.~~

~~Distribution: Guatemala to Panama.~~

~~Sceloporus malach i t icus smaraqd i ñus Bocourt~~

~~I873 Sceloporus smaraqd i ñus Bocourt, Ann. Sc . Nat. Paris, (5) 17> ^rt. 10; 1. Type-locality: Solóla, Totonicapan, and Quezaltenango, Guatemala, 2000 m.~~

~~1927 Sceloporus schm i dt i Jones, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 186: 4. Type-locality: Mountain camp west of San Pedro, Honduras, 45OO ft.~~

~~1939 Sceloporus f ormosus smaraqd i nus —Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 41. 1942 Sceloporus malach it icus smaraqdi nus —Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 92: 356-~~

~~Distribution: Intermediate and high elevations of plateaus of Guatemala, excluding Alta Verapaz and Caribbean slope of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes.~~

~~Sceloporus malach i t icus taen i ocnem is Cope~~

~~I885 Sceloporus taen i ocnem i s Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: 399' Type-locality: Guatemala; restricted to Coban, Guatemala, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat Mus., 199, 195°» 108.~~

~~1949 Sceloporus malachiticus taeniocnemis—Smith, Jour. Washington Acad. Sc i . , 39- 39-~~

~~Distribution: Moderate and high elevations of Alta Verapaz and Caribbean slope of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in Guatemala; Mesa Central and Sierra Madre in Chiapas, Mexico;~~

~~encircling Sceloporus malach i t icus smaraqd i nus on east, north, and northwest. 249 SCELOPORUS~~

~~SCELOPORUS MELANORH I NUS Bocourt~~

18/6 SceloDorus melanorh i nus Bocourt, Ann. Sc i . Nat. Zool., Paris, (6) 3, art. 12: 2. Type-locality: Isthmus of Tehuantepec, restricted to Cuidad de Tehuantepec, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 155, 1950j 112.

~~Distribution: Nayarit to Oaxaca, Mexico; apparently discontinuous in Chiapas; in R'o Grijalva drainage of Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, two of which ( melanorh i nus Bocourt and call iqaster Smith) are extra- limital.~~

~~Sceloporus melanorh inus stuart i Smith~~

~~1548 Sceloporus melanorh i nus stuart i Smith, Nat. Hist. Misc., Chicago Acad. Sc i . , 20; 1. Type-locality: Finca Canibal, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, about 3OOO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Moderate elevations of valley of Rio Grijalva in Chiapas, Mexico, and headwater valleys in adjacent Guatemala.~~

~~SCELOPORUS PREZYGUS Smith~~

~~1542 Sceloporus prezygus Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 52: 35*' Type-locality: Con jab (between San Bartolomé and Comitan), Chiapas, Mexico; 53OO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Moderate and intermediate elevations on Mesa Central of Chiapas, Mexico, through drier parts of headwater valleys of R'o Grijalva and upper Río Negro of Guatemala.~~

~~SCELOPORUS SERRIFER Cope~~

1866 Sceloporus serrifer Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1866: 124. Type-locality: Yucatán, Mexico; restricted by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I55, I55O, 124, to Me'rida, Yucatán, Mex ico.

~~Distribution: Tamaulipas, Mexico, to £1. Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies, two ( pi ioporus Smith and car i n iceps Martin) ex tral im i tal .~~

~~Comment: Specimens from Guatemala called Sceloporus serrifer pi ioporus Smith are all Sceloporus~~

~~prezygus , according to Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122, I563, 72-~~

~~Sceloporus serr iter serr i f er Cope~~

~~1535 Sceloporus serrifer serrifer—Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 212.~~

~~Distribution: Yucatán Peninsula south to central El Peten, Guatemala.~~

~~SCELOPORUS SINIFERUS Cope~~

I865 Sceloporus s i n if erus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11; 159' Type-locality: Pacific side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. 1535 Sceloporus sin if erus —Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 313, pi. 25.

~~Distribution: Guerrero to western Guatemala; highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( cupreus Bocourt) extral im i tal.~~

~~Sceloporus s i n if erus s in if erus Cope~~

I873 Sceloporus humeral i s Bocourt, Ann. Sc i . Nat. Zool. Paris, (5) 17> art. 10: 2. Type- locality: Oaxaca, Mexico. 15'iO Sceloporus siniferus siniferus —Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., I53: 134.

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Pacific slope; Guerrero, Mexico to Pacific coastal plain of western Guatemala.~~

~~369^215 O—70 17 250 SCELOPORUS~~

~~SCELOPORUS SQUAMOSUS Bocourt~~

I874 Sceloporus squamosus Bocourt, Miss.Sci. Mex.. Rept.: 212, pi. 18 bis, figs, /-/c and pi. I5, fig. 3. Type-locality: Guatemala [? city]; Antigua, I5OO m; and embayment of R'o Nagualate; Guatemala. Type-locality: 18/4 Sceloporus fulvus Bocourt. Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 214, pi, 18 bis, figs. 8-8c. La Union, Salvador. 1939 Sceloporus squamosus—Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 3I5, pi. 24.

Distribution: Low and moderate elevations from eastern Chiapas, Mexico, along Pacific slope to Costa Rica; dry valleys on Caribbean slope of Guatemala and Honduras, also on southeastern highlands of Guatemala.

~~SCELOPORUS TEAPENSIS GUnther~~

~~1830 Sceloporus teapensis Günther, Biol. Cent. Amer., Rept.: 75. Type-locality: Teapa, Tabasco, Mex ico. 1333 Sceloporus teapensis —Smith, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 26: 256, pi. 21.~~

~~Distribution: Low and moderate elevations along Caribbean slope; southern Veracruz, Mexico to eastern Guatemala, excluding outer end of Yucatin Peninsula.~~

~~SCELOPORUS VARIABILIS Wiegmann~~

~~1834 Sc[eloporus ] var iab il is Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 51- Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Veracruz, Mexico by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., l??, I95O, I3O.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico to Costa Rica.~~

~~Content: Four subspecies, two of which ( marmoratus Hallowell and sm i th i Hartweg and Oliver) are~~

~~extral im i tal.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Total femoral pores more than 20 1. Poros femorales en total más de 20~~

~~var iab il is var i ab i 1 i s Femoral pores fewer than 20 olloporus Poros femorales menos de 20 olloporus~~

~~Sceloporus var i ab il i s var iab 11 i s~~

~~1334 Sceloporus variabilis variabilis—Smith, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 4/: 128.~~

Distribution: Low, moderate and intermediate elevations from Tamaulipas and Queretaro, Mexico, south on plateau and on Caribbean slope to Isthmus of Tehuantepec, thence through valley of R'o Grijalva, Chiapas, Mexico, through headwater valleys of same river in Guatemala.

~~Sceloporus var iab il i s olloporus Smith~~

~~1937 Sceloporus var iab i 1 i s olloporus Smith, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 35^' H» Type- locality: San Juanillo, Costa Rica.~~

Distribution: Low and moderate elevations from dry basins of central Guatemala into northern and central Honduras and south along Pacific slope to Costa Rica. 251 REPTILIA: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE -^ -^ SPHAERODACTYLUS

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS Wagler~~

1830 Sphaerodactylus Wagler. Nat. Syst. Amph.: 143. Type-species: Lacerta sputator Sparrman. 1831 Sphaer iodactylus Gray (substitute name for Sphaerodactylus Wagler, I83O), Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, J: 52.

~~Distribution: Antilles, Central America, northern South America; introduced in Florida and Florida keys.~~

~~Content: 61 species, of which 5'' «""e extral im i tal, according to Wermuth, Oas Tierreich, 80, 1965. One species, f antast icus Dumeril and Bibron, has been erroneously recorded from Venezuela.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales keeled 2 1. Escamas dorsales quilladas 2 Dorsal scales smooth 6 Escamas dorsales lisas 6~~

2. Dorsal scales flat, very small, weakly keeled; 2. Escamas dorsales planas, muy pequeñas, debil- snout rounded; scales on ventral surface of mente carenadas; hocico redondeado; escamas tail widened 3 inferiores de la cola ensanchadas 3 Dorsal scales may or may not be flat; snout Escamas dorsales planas o no; hocico puntia- pointed; scales on ventral surface of tail may gudo; escamas inferiores de la cola ensan- or may not be widened 4 chadas no- 4

3. Ventral scales weakly imbricate; juveniles with 3. Escamas ventrales ligeramente imbricadas; transverse bands on shoulder, dorsum, lumbar bandas transversales en los juveniles en region and tail; ground color in adults pale cuello, dorso, región lumbar y cola; adultos brown with chestnut spotting llneolatus manchados de castaPlo oscuro sobre pardo Ventral scales distinctly imbricate; black claro lineolatus streaks on head (nasal-auricular and inter- Escamas ventrales claramente imbricadas; sobre ocular-occipital); finely spotted with black la cabeza iTneas negras (nasal-auricular e dorsally cont inentalis interocular-occ ipi tal); manchados finamente de negro cont inental is 4. Dorsal scales imbricate 5 Dorsal scales juxtaposed; dorsal pattern with 4. Escamas dorsales imbricadas 5 two light bands length of body molei Escamas dorsales yuxtapuestas; dos bandas claras a lo largo del dorso molei 5. Middorsal scales smaller than other dorsals; head with irregular black and white stripes; 5, Escamas dorsales medianas más pequeñas; cabeza dorsum without transverse light lines con líneas negras y blancas irregulares; dorso mertensi sin líneas claras transversales mertensi Middorsal scales same as other dorsals; head Escamas dorsales del mismo tamaño que las otras without irregular black and white stripes; escamas; cabeza sin líneas negras y blancas dorsal pattern with transverse light lines irregulares; diseño dorsal sin líneas claras , dunni transversales dunni

6. Dorsal scales imbricate; snout rounded ] 6. Escamas dorsales imbricadas; hocico redon- Dorsal scales juxtaposed; snout pointed 8 deado 7 Escamas dorsales yuxtapuestas; hocico agudo 8 7. Subcaudal scales widened; dorsum finely spotted millepunctatus 7. Subcaudales ensanchadas, dorso finamente man- Subcaudal scales not widened; dorsum heavily chado millepunctatus spotted pacificas Subcaudales no ensanchadas; dorso con manchas densas e irregulares pac if icus 8. Dorsal scales granular, dorsal pattern generally spotted 9 8. Escamas dorsales granulares; diseño dorsal Dorsal scales not granular but flat; dorsal generalmente manchado 9 pattern generally without spots 10 Escamas dorsales no granulares, planas; diseño generalmente no manchado 10 9. Ocular spine present; dorsal granular scales tuberculate, trihedral, strongly differentia- 9. Espina ocular presente; granulos dorsales ted rosaurae tuberculares, trihedrales, fuertemente 'Ocular spine absent; dorsal scales flat, diferenciados rosaurae neither tuberculate nor trihedral Espina ocular ausente; granulos dorsales no scapularis tuberculares ni trihedrales scapularis

10. Snout pointed; subcaudal scales not widened 10. Hocico agudo; escamas subcaudales no ensan- homolepis chadas homolep is Snout rounded; subcaudal scales widened Hocico redondeado; escamas subcaudales ensan- qlaucus chadas qlaucus 252 SPHAERODACTYLUS

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS COM I MENTAL IS Werner~~

I856 Sphaerodactvlus arqus van. cont inental is Werner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 46: 3^5- Type- locality: "Honduras". 1962 Sphaerodactylus cont inental is —Smith and Del Toro, Herpetolog ica, 18: 102.

~~Distribution: Mexico south to Costa Rica.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS DUNN I Schmidt~~

~~1536 Sphaerodactylus dunn i Schmidt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45: 46. Type-locality: Río Naco, near Cofradia, Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS GLAUCUS Cope~~

~~186'i Sphaerodactylus qlaucus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I865; 192^* Type-locality: near Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico and Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies, one ( inornatus Peters) extral imi tal.~~

~~Sphaerodactylus qlaucus qlaucus Cope~~

~~1945 Sphaerodactylus qlaucus qlaucu&—Smith, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., 35" 3*'~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean slope from Veracruz, Mexico, including Yucatán, to eastern Guatemala~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS HOMOLEPIS Cope~~

1886 Sphaerodactylus homolepis Cope. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 23: 277> Type-locality: Nicaragua. 1916 Sphaerodactylus homolepis var. carinatus Andersson, Meddel. Goteborg. Mus. Zool., 9' 5- ^VP^- locality: Costa Rica.

~~Distribution: Nicaragua and Costa Rica.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS LINEOLATUS (L ¡chtenste ¡ n)~~

~~I856 Sphaer i odactylus 1 i neolatus L ich tenste i n, Nomencl. Rept. Amph. Mus. Zool. Berlin: 6. Type- locality: Veragua, Panama.~~

1862 S.[ phaerodactylus ] 1 i neolatus — Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I86I: 497. 1862 Sphaerodactylus casicolus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I86I: 499. Type-locality: Truando Region, Colombia.

~~Distribution: British Honduras south to Panama and northwestern Colombia; a doubtful record in Ecuador on basis of USNM 6545I, from Macas.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS MERTENSI Wermuth~~

1916 Sphaerodactylus lineolatus var. imbricatus Andersson (preoccupied by Sphaerodactylus imbricatus Fischer, I88I), Meddel. Goteborg. Mus. Zool., 9: 5. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 19S6 Sphaerodactylus imbricatus—Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 4$, figs. 10-11. 1965 Sphaerodactylus mertensi Wermuth (substitute name for imbricatus Andersson), Das Tierreich, 80: 170. Type-locality: Costa Rica.

~~Distribution: Costa Rica. 253 SPHAERODACTYLUS~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS M I LLEPUNCTATUS (Hallowell)~~

~~1861 Sphaeriodactylus in illepunc-tatus Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc ! . Ph!la., I860: 480. Type- locality: Nicaragua.~~

~~1862 Sphaerodactvlus mi llepunctatug—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc ! . Phila., 1861: 455.~~

~~Distribution: Central America: Nicaragua and Costa Rica.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS MOL El Boettger~~

I854 Sphaerodactvlus mole i Boettger, J. Field Natural. Club, Trinidad, 2: 80. Type-locality: Caparo, Tri n ¡dad. 1900 Sphaerodactylus buerqeri Werner, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 5^' 264. Type-locality: Port of

~~Spa in, Tr i n idad. 1527 Sphaerodactylus venezuelanus Roux, Verb. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 38- 254. Type-locality: El Mene, Estado Falcon, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Northern Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS PACIFICUS Stejneger~~

~~1503 Sphaerodactylus pacificas Stejneger, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16; J. Type-locality: Cocos Island, west coast of Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Cocos Island, on Pacific Coast of Costa Rica.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS ROSAURAE Parker~~

~~1940 Sphaerodactylus rosaurae Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (l/) 5* 264. Type-locality: Helene Island, Bay Islands, Honduras.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from the type locality.~~

~~SPHAERODACTYLUS SCAPULARIS Boulenger~~

~~1902 Sphaerodactylus scapularis Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 9= 5*- Type-locality: San Javier, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern Ecuador and Colombia. 254 ^ STENOCERCUS REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * * California Prepared by Richard Etheridge, San Diego State College, San Diego,~~

~~STENOCERCUS Duméril and Bibron~~

4; Type-species: Stenocercus rose! -ventr is 1837 Stenocercus Dumgril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 3*5. Duméril and Bibron. Type-species: Trachycyclus marmoratus 1837 TrachYCvclus Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 355. Duméril and Bibron. Reptilium: 7I. Type-species: Stenocercus 1843 Steironotus ( Stenocercus ) Fitzinger, Systema and Bibron. rose i -ventr is Duméril Type-species: Trachycyclus ) Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 7I. 1843 Heterotropi s ( Trachycyclus marmoratus Duméril and Bibron. Scelotrema crass icaudatum 1845 Scelotrema Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11 (l): 154- Type-species: humeralis 18Sq Microohractus Gunther. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I859: 90. Type-species: Mi crophractus Günther.

~~Distribution: Andean South America.~~

~~Content: Fourteen species.~~

~~Key to the species^ Clave de especies~~

no mayores que las ventrales 1. Caudal scales not much larger than ventral 1. Escamas caudales scales of body, their mucrons not forming del cuerpo; sus mucrones no forman gruesas^ autotomico stout, projecting spines; each autotomy seg- espinas proyectadas; cada segmento escamas ment of tail with three rows of scales (except de la cola tiene tres filas de cupreus with two) 2 (excepto cupreus con dos) 2 Caudal scales much larger than ventral scales Escamas caudales mayores que las ventrales del espinas of body, their mucrons forming stout, pro- cuerpo, sus mucrones forman gruesas jecting spines; each autotomy segment of tail proyectadas; cada segmento autotómico de la with two rows of scales 10 cola tiene dos filas de escamas 10

ausente, o si está 2. Vertebral scale row absent, or, if present, 2. Fila vertebral de escamas son idénticas a las de scales identical to adjacent scales 3 presente las escamas Vertebral scale row present, scales distinctly las filas adyacentes 3 larger than adjacent scales, at least on neck Fila vertebral de escamas presente, escamas por and anterior part of body ] distintamente mayores que las adyacentes, lo menos en la nuca y anteriormente en el cuerpo 7 3. Lateral neck scales not much smaller than dorsal neck scales (except for granular 3. Escamas laterales de la nuca no mas pequei^as pocket), and imbricate 4 que las dorso nucales (excepto por el bolsillo Lateral neck scales abruptly smaller than granular), e imbricadas 4 dorsal neck scales, barely imbricate Escamas laterales de la nuca abruptamente or granular 6 menores que las dorso nucales apenas imbricadas o granulares 6

4. Tail at least twice length of head and body; no 4. Cola por lo menos el doble que la longitud de postfemoral dermal pocket present; anal region la cabeza y el cuerpo; con bolsUlo dérmico la anal no of males not black 5 postfemoral; escamas de región Tail not more than twice length of head and negras 5 body; postfemoral dermal pocket present; anal Cola no más que el doble de la longitud de la region of adult male black melanopyqus cabeza y el cuerpo; con bolsillo dérmico postfemoral; escamas de la región anal, en machos adultos, negras melanopyqus 5. Tail longer, 2.8 to 3-0 times head and body length; midbody scales 30-39 moestus 5' ^°^^ larga, 2.8 a 3.O veces el largo de la Tail shorter, 2.0 to 2.4 times longer than head cabeza y el cuerpo; 3^-39 filas de escamas en

~~and body; midbody scales 37"62 orna t i ss i mus el medio del cuerpo moestus Cola corta, 2.0 a 2.4 veces el largo de la cabeza y el cuerpo; 37~62 filas de escamas en~~

~~el medio cuerpo ornat i ss imus~~

'Vertebral and paravertebral scales counted from lEscamas vertebrales y paravertebrales contadas occiput to anterior margin of thigh when hind desde el occipucio al margen anterior del muslo, leg is at right angles to body; midbody scales con el miembro posterior en ángulo recto con el around the body at point half way between limb cuerpo; las escamas alrededor del cuerpo, son insertions. contadas en el punto medio entre las dos inserciones de los pares de miembros. 255 STENOCERCUS

6. Scales of body and tail more sharply keeled; 6. Escamas del cuerpo y cola más fuertemente autotomy segments of tall distinct with two quilladas; segmentos autotómicos de la cola scale rows per segment; antehumeral folds more distintos con dos filas de escamas por segmen-

closely approximate m i dventrally, separated by to; pliegues antehumerales cercanos aproxima- about six pectoral scales cupreus damente en el mediov ¡entre, separados por Scales of body and tail less sharply keeled, alrededor de seis escamas pectorales cupreus less strongly mucronate; autotomy segments of Escamas del cuerpo y la cola menos quilladas y tail barely apparent, with three rows per seg- mucronadas menos fuertemente; segmentos auto- ment; antehumeral folds widely separated by tómicos de la cola poco aparentes con tres about ten pectoral scales chrysopyous filas por segmento, pliegues antehumerales anchamente separados por diez escamas pectorales chrysopygus /• More than 7^ scales around middle of body 8 Fewer than 7O scales around middle of body 1. Más de 7" escamas alrededor del cuerpo 8

~~var iab i 1 i s Menos de 7'^ escamas alrededor del cuerpo >/ar iabi 1 is~~

~~8. Fewer than II5 paravertebral scales 5 8. Menos de 115 escamas paravertebrales 5 More than II5 paravertebral scales humeralis Más de II5 escamas paravertebrales humeral is~~

5. Midbody scales 74-88; paravertebral scales 73- 5- Escamas al medio cuerpo 7'*-88; escamas para- 52 var ius vertebrales 73"52 var ius Midbody scales 80-101; paravertebral scales 5O- Escamas al medio cuerpo 80-101; escamas para-

~~i 110 boettqer i vertebrales 5^-110 boettqer~~

10. Lateral nuchal scales elongate and distinctly 10. Escamas nucales laterales, alargadas y distin- imbricate 2 tamente imbr! cadas 2 Lateral nuchal scales granular or subimbricate Escamas nucales laterales, granulares o sub- and convex 11 imbricadas y convexas 11

11. Ventral scales smooth; scales on posterior 11. Escamas ventrales lisas; escamas de superficie surface of thighs granular or nearly so 12 posterior del muslo granulares o casi granu- Ventral body scales weakly keeled, at least on lares 12 throat and chest; scales on posterior surface Escamas ventrales del cuerpo débilmente quilla- of thigh small but distinctly imbricate das, por lo menos en la garganta y mejilla;

~~rose i ventr is escamas de superficie posterior del muslo pequeñas pero distintamente imbricadas~~

rose i ventr is 12. More than 60 scales around middle of body; postfemoral dermal pocket usually present 13 12. Más de 60 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo; Fewer than 60 scales around body; no post- bolsillo dérmico postfemoral usualmente femoral dermal pocket marmoratus presente 13 Menos de 60 escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo; sin bolsillo postfemoral dérmico marmoratus 13>Lateral scales on posterior part of body larger, subimbricate; fewer than IO5 scales around 13.Escamas laterales de la parte posterior del

midbody 14 cuerpo grandes, sub i mbr icadas; menos de IO5 All scales on sides of body very small and escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo 14 granular; more than IO5 scales around midbody- Todas las escamas de los lados del cuerpo muy crassi eaudatus pequeñas y granulares; más de IO5 escamas

~~alrededor del medio cuerpo crass i eaudatus~~

s imons i i 14. Caudal whorls subequal s i mons i i 14. Anillos de espinas subiguales Caudal whorls alternating large and small. Anillos de espinas alternas de grandes y latter I/3 to 2/3 length of formei carr ioni pequeñas, los iíltimos I/3 a 2/3 el tamaño de

~~los pr i meros carr i on i~~

~~STENOCERCUS BOETTGERI Boulenger~~

~~humeral i s group~~

1911 Stenocercus boettqeri Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) ']: 22. Type-locality: Huancabamba, Peru. 1541 Stenocercus iuninensis Shreve, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 18: 75- Type-locality: Huasqui, near Tarma, Oepartmento de Junin, Peru.

~~Distribution: Highlands of southern Ecuador and northern and central Peru. 256 STENOCERCUS~~

~~STEMOCERCUS CARRION I Parker~~

~~crass i caudatus group~~

~~Ecuador, 1934 Stenocercus carrioni Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lO) 14: 268. Type-locality: Zamora, 3250 ft.~~

~~Distribution: Southern highlands of Ecuador.~~

~~STENOCERCUS CHRYSOPYGUS Boulenger chrvsop yqus group~~

~~1500 Stenocercus chrysopyqus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 6: I83. Type-locality: Carao, 8000 ft, Huaras, 10,000 ft, and Recuay, 11,000 ft, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Cordillera Blanca of western Peru to about 3^00 <"•~~

~~STENOCERCUS CRASS ICAUDATUS (ischudi) crass icauda tus group~~

1845 Sc. [elotrema] crass icaudatum Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11 (l): 155. Type-locality: Peru; further specified by Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Rept., 1846, 28, as Urubamba, Peru. 1885 Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I33, pi. 8, fig. 1. Type-locality: Peru. 1900 Urocentrum meyeri Werner, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. An thro.-Ethn. Mus. Dresden, 9' ''• Type-locality: Lima, Peru. 1907 Stenocercus crass icaudatus — Roux, Rev. Suisse Zool., I5: 299- 1913 Stenocercus ervinqi Ste ¡neqer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 45: 545. Type-locality: Huadquinia, Peru, 5000 ft.

~~Distribution: Amazonian side of Andes in central and southern Peru to about 2000 m.~~

~~STENOCERCUS CUPREUS Boulenger chrysopyqus group~~

~~1885 Stenocercus cupreus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 135> pl- 9> ^'9' !• Type-locality: Huánuco, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from state of Huanuco, in central Peru.~~

~~STENOCERCUS HUMERAL IS (Cünther) humeral is group~~

~~I859 Microphractus humeral i s Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859' 9"' Type-locality: Andes of western Ecuador.~~

~~188S Stenocercus humeral i s — Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I34, pi. 8, fig. 2.~~

~~Distribution: Inter-Andean plateau of Ecuador, from valley of Cuenca south.~~

~~STENOCERCUS MARMORATUS (Oumlril and Bibron) crass icaudatus group~~

I837 Trachvcyclus marmoratus Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 356- Type-locality: Rio-Grande, Brazil; according to Guibé, Cat. Types Lezards Paris Mus., 1954, 5O. 1885 Stenocercus marmoratus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I32. 1910 Stenocercus difficilis Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27 (2): 23. Type-locality: Cochabamba, Bolivia.

~~Distribution: Andes of central Bolivia to about 35^0 m. 257 STENOCERCUS~~

~~STENOCERCUS MELANOPYGUS Boulenger chrysopyqus group~~

~~iqOO Stenocercus melanopyqus Boulenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 6: 182. Type-locality: Baños, Cajamarca, Peru, 9OOO ft.~~

~~Distribution: Estado de Cajamarca in northern Peru.~~

~~STENOCERCUS MOESTUS Boulenger chrysopyqus group~~

~~188S Stenocercus moestus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I36, pi. 5, fig. 2. Type-locality: Lima, Peru.~~

~~Distribution; Valley of Rio Rimac, from Callao on coast to Chosica at 25OO ft, western central Peru.~~

~~STENOCERCUS ORNATISSIMUS (Oirard), new combination chrysopygus group~~

~~1857 Saccodeira ornatissima Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I857: I58. Type-locality: Obrajillo, and Yanga, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Pacific slopes of Andes and adjacent coastal lowlands of Peru.~~

~~STENOCERCUS ROSEIVENTRIS Dumlril and Bibron crass icaudatus group~~

~~I837 Stenocercus rose i -ventr is Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 350- Type-locality: Bolivia. 1913 Stenocercus atrigularis Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 3^ (2): 11. Type-locality:~~

~~Provincia Ben i , Bolivia (southern drainage of Amazon).~~

~~Distribution: Eastern slopes of Andes and adjacent lowlands of Peru, Bolivia; northern Argentina south to Estado de Salta; Aeré, Brazil.~~

~~STENOCERCUS SIMONS I I Boulenger crass icaudatus group~~

~~I855 Stenocercus S imons i i Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 4: 454. Type-locality: Oña, Ecuador, 6500 ft.~~

~~Distribution: Highlands of Ecuador.~~

~~STENOCERCUS VARIABILIS Boulenger humeral is group~~

~~1901 Stenocercus variabilis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 7: 546. Type-locality: Palca, Bolivia, 10,000 ft.~~

~~Distribution: uncertain, highlands of northwestern Bolivia and possibly southern and central Peru.~~

~~STENOCERCUS VARI US Boulenger humeral is group~~

~~1885 Stenocercus varius Boulenger. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I34, pi. 8, fig. 3. Type-locality: Unknown.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from Chiriboga, Ecuador, at 5OOO ft on western slopes. 258~~

~~REPTILIA: SAURlA: TEIIDAE -^ tAt STENOLEPIS~~

~~STENOLEPIS Boulenger~~

~~is I887 Stenolep Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I887: 640. Type-species: Stenolep is r i dley i Boulenger.~~

~~Distribution: As for only known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~STENOLEPIS RIDLEY I Boulenger~~

~~I887 Stenolep i s r idley i Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 188/! 640, figs. a-d. Type-locality! Iguarassu forest, Pernambuco, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution! Known only from type locality. 259~~

~~REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * "At * STROBILURUS~~

~~STROBILURUS Wiegmann~~

~~IS'jA Strobilurus Wieamann. Herpetologia Mexicana: 18. Type-species: Strobllurus torqua-tus Wiegmann.~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species, according to most recent revision by Etheridge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., 17; 1568, 60-62.~~

~~STROBILURUS TORQUATUS Wiegmann~~

~~1854 Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, Herpetologia Mexicana: 18. Type-locality: Brazil.~~

~~1855 Dorvphorus sp i nosus Guictienot, Reptiles, in Castelnau, Animaux Nouveaux. . .de I'Amlrique du Sud: 27, pi. 7» tig» 1» la. Type-locality: Bahia, Brasil.~~

~~1968 Strobilurus torquatus — Ether i dge. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., I7: 61.~~

~~Distribution: Eastern Brazil. 260 REPTILIA: SAURIA: TEIIDAE **• TEIUS~~

~~TEIUS Merrem~~

1820 Te j us Merrem, Tentamen Systemaiis Amph ibiorum: 60. Type-species: Teius viridis Merrem. 1826 Te jus Fitzinger, Heue Classification der Reptilian: 21. Type-species: Lacerta Tevou Daudin. I83O Acrantus Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib.; 154. Type-species: Lacerta Teyou Daudin.

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content; One species.~~

~~TEIUS TEYOU (Daudin)~~

~~1802 Lacerta Teyou Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3: I55. Type-locality: Paraguay. 188*5 Teius teyou'—Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 375.~~

~~Distribution: Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay to Provincia Río Negro, Argentina.~~

~~Content; Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Belly blue - cyanoqaster 1. Vientre azul- Cvanoqaster Belly not blue' tevou Vientre no azul tevou~~

~~Te jus teyou teyou (Daudin)~~

~~1820 Teius viridis Merrem, Tentamen Systematis Amph i b ! orum: 60. Type-locality; South America.~~

~~I823 Am.[ e i va j Te iu Lichtenstein (emendation of teyou Daudin), Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums, Berlin; 51'~~

1847 Ame i va coelest i s Bibron, in D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amerique meridionale. Reptiles: 2, pi, 5, figs. 1-5. 1528 Teius teyou teyou — Miiller. Zool. Anz., 77: 69. 1560 Teius teyou tevou —Hellmich, Abh. Bayerische Akad. Wiss., Ma th. -Naturw iss. Kl., new ser., 101; 79.

~~Distribution: Eastern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay to southern Brazil.~~

~~Te ius teyou cyanogaster Müller~~

~~1928 Te ius teyou cyanogaster Müller, Zool. Anz., 77' Type-locality: San José de~~

~~Ch i qu i tos. Bol i v ia. i960 Te ius teyou cyanogaster —Hellmich, Abh. Bayerische Akad. Wiss., Math. -Naturw iss. Kl., new ser., 101: 75, pi. 2, figs. 5-6.~~

~~Distribution: Southeastern Bolivia and adjacent Brazil, northwestern Argentina and northern part of Paraguay. 261 repulía: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE * * tAt THECADACTYLUS~~

~~THECADACTYLUS Oken~~

~~1820 Thecadactylus Goldfuss, Handbuch der Zoologie, 2: 157» Type-species: Gecko laevis~~

~~Daud i n. I83O Thecodactylus Wagler (emendation of Thecadactylus Goldfuss), Nat. Syst. Amphib.: 142.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico; Central and Soutli America, West Indies.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~THECADACTYLUS RAPICAUDUS (Houttuyn)~~

1782 Gekko Rapicauda Houttuyn, Verb. Zeeuw. Genootsch. Wet. Vlissingen, 5= 3^3» Pl'> ^'9' !• Type- locality: West Indies; restricted to Chichen Itza, Yucatán, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.., 159, 1950, 49.

1793 Stell i o perf ol iatus Schneider (substitute name for Gekko rap icauda Houttuyn), Amphibiorum Physiologiae, 2: 26. 1802 Gecko laevis Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 112. Type-locality: South America.

1802 Gecko sur i namens is Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 4: 126. Type-locality: Surinam. I836 Platydactylus Theconyx Dumeril and Bibron (substitute name for Gekko rap icauda Houttuyn I782), Erp. Gin., 3: 3O6, pi. 33, figs. 2-2a. 184 5 Thecadactylus rap icaudus —Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 146.

~~?18'56 Pachydactylus tristis Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., 1854: 98. Type-locality: Liberia, west coast of Africa.~~

Distribution: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, northwestern South America, to Guianas and Trinidad. Known from lowlands on both sides of the Andes in Ecuador. 262 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE *** TRETIOSCINCUS

~~TRETIOSCINCUS Cope~~

~~1862 Tret i ose i ncus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se!. Phila., 1862; 184. Type-spec Íes: Tret iose ineus castan icterus Cope.~~

~~1516 Cali i se i neopus Ruthven, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 22: 1. Type-species: Call i se i ncopus~~

~~aq i 1 i s Ruthven.~~

~~Distribution: Northern South America; Colombia to Amazonian Brazil including Venezuela and Guianas; offshore islands along northern coast.~~

~~Content: Two species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

~~1. Dorsal scales keeled b i fase iatus 1. Escamas dorsales carenadas b i fase iatus~~

~~Dorsal scales smooth aq i 1 i s Escamas dorsales lisas aq i 1 is~~

~~TRETIOSCINCUS AGILIS (Ruthven)~~

~~1516 Cali i se i neopus aq i 1 i s Ruthven, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 22: 2. Type-locality: Sand ridges on Demerara River near Dunoon, Guyana.~~

~~I5I8 Tret i ose i ncus román i Andersson, Ark. for Zool., 11 (16): 5- Type-locality: Bosque Municipal, Manáus, Amazonas, Brazil.~~

~~1523 Tret iosc incus bras i 1 iens is Müller, Zool. Anz., 57= ^9- Type-loeal i ty : Lower Rio Toeantins, Para, Brazil.~~

~~1565 Tret iosc i ncus aqilis — Vanzolini and Reboujas-Sp i eker, Pap. Avul. Depto. Zool. Sao Paulo, 22 (iS): 124, figs.~~

~~Distribution: Guyana, Amazonian Brazil.~~

~~TRETIOSCINCUS BIFASCIATüS (Ouméril)~~

~~18S1 Heteropus Bifasciatus Dumeril. Cat. Mlth. Coll. Rept. Mus. Paris: 182. Type-locality: Río Magdalena valley, Colombia.~~

~~1864 Tretioseincus b i fase iatus — Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864: 22?.~~

~~Distribution: Northern South America, Dutch Leeward Islands and Margarita Island, Venezuela.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Light lateral stripes with distinct black 1. Cintas laterales claras eon un borde negro~~

~~border kuqler i di st i nto kuqler i Light lateral stripes lack distinct black Cintas laterales clara sin borde negro~~

~~bordei b i fase iatus d i st i nto b i fase iatus~~

~~Tret i ose i ncus b if ase iatus b fase iatus (Duméril)~~

~~1862 Tret iosc i ncus castan cterus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 184. Type- locality: Colombi~~

~~1947 Tret iose i ncus b i fase atus [ bifasciatus ]— Shreve. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 5?: 527.~~

~~Distribution: Caribbean Colombia.~~

~~Tret i ose i ncus b if ase iatus kuqler i Shreve~~

~~1947 Tretioseincus bifasciatus kuoleri Shreve. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99= 527- Type-loeal it y: Pauj', Acosta, Estado Falcon, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution; Northern Venezuela, including Isla Margarita; Dutch Leeward Islands. 263 REPTILIA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE ^ ^ TROPIDODACTYLUS~~

~~TROPIDODACTYLUS Boulenger~~

~~188S Trop I dodactyXus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 57- Type-species; Norops onca 'Shaughnessy.~~

~~Distribution; As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~TROPIDODACTYLUS ONCA (O 'Shaughnessy)~~

187*5 Norops onca O'Shauqhnessy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) IJ; 280. Type-locality: Venezuela, and Island of Dominica. 1885 Tropidodactylus onca —Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; 57» Pl* 6> f'9' 2.

~~Distribution; Northern Venezuela, Margarita Island. — — 6~~

~~264 REPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * • TROPIDURUS Prepared by Richard Etheridge, San Diego State College, San Diego, California~~

~~TROPIDURUS Wied~~

~~1824 Tropidurus Wied, Abb. Nat. Brasil: 6. Type-species: Stellio torquatus Wied.~~

~~I83I Platynotus Waqler, Nat. Syst. Amphib.: 146. Type-spec Íes: Aqama sem i taen iata Spix.~~

~~I837 Microlophus Ouméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 334. Type-spec i es: Microlophus Lessoni i Duméril and Bibron.~~

184^ Steírolepis Fitzinqer. Systema Reptilium: 72. Type-spec i es: Tropidurus microlophus Wleqmann. 184S Taraquira Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 219. Type-species: None designated. 1847 St irolepis Agassiz (replacement name for Steirolepis Fitzinger), Nomenclátor ! s Zoologici Index Universalis: 353. I87I Craniopeltis Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 645. Type-species: Tropidurus ( Cran iopelt is ) bivittata Peters.

~~I87I Laemopr istus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 645. Type-species: Tropidurus ( Laemopr i stus )~~

~~occ i p i tal i s Peters. ipi tal is I874 Aneuporus Bocourt, Miss. Sc i . Mex., Rept.: 215- Type-species: Aneuporus occ Bocourt.~~

~~1533 Tap ¡nurus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7= 65. Type-species: Tapinurus scut i punctatus Amaral.~~

~~Distribution: The Galápagos Islands and South America except for western Colombia, southern Chile and southern Argentina.~~

~~Content: About 20 species, all but twelve of which are extral im i tal, on the Galápagos.~~

~~Key to the species-"- Clave de especies-'-~~

1. No trace of median, longitudinal, vertebral 1. Ausencia de hilera de escamas vertebral, longi- scale row 2 tudinal, media 2 Scales along middle of back form longitudinal Escamas a lo largo de la mitad del dorso forman row, which may or may not form denticulate una hilera longitudinal, que puede o no formar crest, and which may or may not be continuous una cresta denticulada, y que puede o no ser from occiput to tail 5 continua del occipucio a la cola 5

2. No isolated groups of spinose scales on sides 2. Ausencia de grupos aislados de escamas espino- of neck 3 sas a los lados del cuello 3 Isolated groups of enlarged, spinose scales on Grupos aislados de escamas espinosas, ensancha-

~~i sides of neck boqert i das a los lados del cuello bogert~~

~~3. Fewer than 3" midbody scales 4 3. Menos de JO escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo- More than ^0 scales around middle of body 10 4 Más de 9^ escamas alrededor del medio cuerpo-lO~~

~~4. Supraoculars band-like; ventrals equal to or 4. Supraoculares acintados; ventrales iguales o larger than dorsals; maximum adult size 7" """" más grandes que los dorsales; tamaño máximo~~

hyqom i del adulto ]0 mm hyqom i Supraoculars not band-like; ventrals smaller Supraoculares no acintados; ventrales menores than dorsals; maximum adult size at least 100 que los dorsales; tamaño máximo del adulto por

~~i mm h i sp i dus lo menos 100 mm h sp idus~~

~~5» No spinose scales on side of neck 6 5. Sin escamas espinosas a los lados del cuello — Patches or groups of spinose scales on neck Con grupos de escamas espinosas y ensanchadas a~~

~~sp i nulosus los lados del cuello sp i nulosus~~

~~6. Dorsal scales of body small, smooth or faintly 6. Escamas dorsales del cuerpo chicas, lisas o keeled; more than II5 midbody scales ] ligeramente guilladas; más de 11$ escamas del~~

~~Dorsal scales of body large, strongly keeled med i o cuerpo 7 and imbricate; fewer than II5 midbody scales Escamas dorsales del cuerpo grandes, fuerte-~~

~~occ ip i tal is mente guilladas e imbricadas; menos de 115~~

~~escamas del medio cuerpo occ ip i tal i s~~

I-Note: Vertebral and paravertebral scales are ^Nota: Las escamas vertebrales y para vertebrales counted from occiput to pointeven with anterior se cuentan desde el occipucio hasta un punto margin of thigh when hind leg is at right angles parejo con el borde anterior del muslo cuando la to body; midbody scales are counted around body pata posterior forma un ángulo recto con el cuei— half way between limb insertions. po; las escamas del medio cuerpo se cuentan alre- Two species are omitted from the key dedor del cuerpo a mitad de camino entre las

~~theres ioides and tarapacens is . inserciones de los miembros. En la clave se omiten dos especies —~~

~~theres i o ides and tarapacens i s . —~~

~~265 TROPIDURUS~~

7. Lateral body scales very small, almost granular, 7» Escamas de los lados del cuerpo muy chicas, grading abruptly into much larger ventrals 8 casi granulares, pasando abruptamente a esca- Lateral body scales small but imbricate, grad- mas ventrales mucho más grandes 8 ing gradually into somewhat larger ventrals Escamas laterales del cuerpo chicas pero imbri- melanopleurus cadas, pasando gradualmente a ventrales algo más grandes melanopleurus

8. Vertebral scale row conspicuous, uninterrupted 8. Hilera vertebral de escamas conspicua, inin- from occiput to tail, forming a low, denticu- terrumpida desde el occipucio a la cola, for- late crest on neck, at least in adults; para- mando una cresta baja, denticulada, al menos vertebral scales fewer than I5O 5 en adultos; menos de I5O escamas paraverte- Vertebral scale row inconspicuous, interrupted b rales 5 over shoulders, not at all arched or keeled on Hilera vertebral de escamas inconspícua, inte- body; scales adjacent to vertebral row more rrumpida sobre los hombros, escamas del cuerpo than 170 theres iae no qui liadas o arqueadas; más de I70 escamas adyacentes a la hilera vertebral theres iae

9. Frontal scales paired between orbits; interpai 9. Escamas frontales pares entre las órbitas; ietal width not greater than 1 1/2 times its ancho del interparietal no mayor que 1 1/2 length; fourth toe of adpressed hind limb veces su longitud; cuarto dedo de la extremi- reaches to front of eye peruv ianus dad posterior hacia adelante llega hasta el Frontal scales single, median between orbits; frente del ojo peruvianus interparietal scale about wice as wide as Escamas frontales de a una, en el medio entre long; fourth toe of adpressed hind limb las órbitas; escama interparietal aproximada- reaches to tympanum thorac icus mente dos veces tan ancha como larga; cuarto dedo de la extremidad posterior extendida hacia adelante llega hasta el tímpano 10. Dorsal scales smooth sem i taen iatus thorac icus Dorsal scales keeled torquatus

~~10. Escamas dorsales lisas sem i taen iatus Escamas dorsales guilladas torquatus~~

~~TROPIDURUS BOGERTI Roze~~

~~1958 Tropi durus boqert i Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 2: 247, figs. 1-4. Type-locality: Auyantepui, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~TROPIDURUS HISPIDUS (Spix)~~

I825 Aqama hispida Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 12, pi. I5, fig. 2. Type-locality: Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, Brazil. of 1825 Aqama n i qrocollar i s Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: I3, pi. 16, fig. 2. Type-locality: Interior Bahia, Brazil. I825 Aqama cyclurus Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 14, pi. I7, fig. 1. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil.

~~1845 Taraquira Smith! I Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 221. Type-locality: Pernambuco, Brazil. 1859 Proctotretus Toelsneri Berthold, Nach. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, I7: I79. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil.~~

I86I Trachycyclus supere i 1 iar i s Gijnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I86I: I6. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil. I86I: I86I T.r rop i durus j macrolep i s Reinhardt and Lütken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 227, pi. 5> fig. 8. Type-locality: Cotinquiba and Maruim, Estado de Sergipe, Brazil.

~~1885 Tropidurus h i sp i dus — Boulenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2; I77.~~

~~Distribution: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia.~~

~~TROPIDURUS HYGOMI Reinhardt and LTitken~~

~~I86I Tropidurus hygomi Reinhardt and Lütken, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1861: 228, pi. 5> fig. 9» Type-locality: Cotinquiba and Maruim, Estado de Sergipe, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Estado de Sergipe near coast, eastern Brazil. 266 TROPIDURUS~~

~~TROPIDURUS MELANOPLEURUS Boulenger~~

1502 Tropidurus melanopleurus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 10: 355. Type-locality: Tamampoya, Bolivia, 1200 m. 1524 Tropidurus praeornatus Müller. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 11 (1523): 83. Type-locality: Rio Pilcomayo, between Tarija and San Francisco, Bolivia. 1524 Tropidurus pictus Miller, Mitt. Zool. Mus, Berlin, 11 (1523): 86. Type-locality: Rfo Pilcomayo, between Tarija and San Francisco, Bolivia.

~~Distribution: Eastern foothills of Andes, in southern Peru and Bolivia.~~

~~TROPIDURUS OCCIPITALIS Peters~~

~~Wiss. Berlin, I87I; 64$. Type- I87I Tropidurus ( Laemopristus ) occipital is Peters, Monats. Akad. locality: Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Coastal areas and western foothills of Andes in southwestern Ecuador and northern am central Peru.~~

~~Content: Three subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

1. Vertebral scales at least 35; paravertebral 1. Escamas vertebrales por lo menos 35) esca- séales at least 5O; midbody scales at mas paravertebrales por lo menos 'jO; esca- least 60; throat of adult male with brown mas del medio cuerpo por lo menos 60; gar- markings; dorsal neck and anterior body ganta del macho adulto con marcas pardas; with narrow brown transverse marks 2 parte dorsal del cuello y cuerpo anterior Vertebral scales not more than 40, para- con marcas transversales pardas angostas-2 vertebral scales not more than 55; midbody Escamas vertebrales no mas de 40, escamas scales not more than 65; male throat gray paravertebrales no más de 55; escamas del with light bluish spots; dorsal neck and' medio cuerpo no más de 65; garganta del anterior body with wide dark brown trans- macho gris con manchas azuladas claras;

~~verse spots occip i tal i s parte dorsal del cuello y cuerpo anterior con manchas transversales pardas oscuras~~

anchas occ ip i tal i s 2. Fewer than 80 paravertebral scales; fewer than 80 midbody scales; adult male throat 2. Menos de 80 escamas paravertebrales; menos with bold, dark brown spots koepkeorum de 80 escamas del medio cuerpo; garganta More than 80 paravertebral scales; more del macho adulto con manchas pardas oscu- than 80 midbody scales; adult male throat ras conspicuas koepkeorum with light brown spots and dark brown Más de 80 escamas paravertebrales; mas de

~~transverse guiar band stolzmann i 80 escamas del medio cuerpo; garganta del macho adulto con manchas pardas claras y una banda guiar transversal parda oscura —~~

~~stolzmann i~~

~~Trop i duros occ i p i tal i s occ ip i tal i s Peters~~

~~i i i Miss. I874 Aneuporus occ i p i tal is Bocourt (preoccupied by Trop durus occ pi tal s Peters, I871), Sci. Max., Rept.: 215, Pl- 18, fig. 1, la-b. Type-locality: Peru.~~

~~i I885 Trop idurus bocourt i i Boulenger (replacement name for Aneuporus occ ip tal is Bocourt, 1874), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I73.~~

~~1507 Trop i durus tschudi i Roux, Rev. Suisse Zool., I5: 256. Type-locality: Peru.~~

1924 Tropidurus cont i nental i s MüUer. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 11 (1523): 82. Type-locality: Machalilla, Ecuador. 1956 Tropidurus occipitalis occipitalis — Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37' 115j pl- 1^» fig» 26-28} pi. 17, fig. 31.

~~Distribution: Coastal areas of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern and western central Peru. 267 TROPIDURUS~~

~~koepkeorum Mertens~~

~~1956 Trop idurus occ i pi tal i s koepkeorum Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37' H?» P^' 1^, figs. 27-3O; pi. 17, fig. 32. Type-locality: Pariakoto, Departamento Ancash, Peru, 1600 m.~~

~~Distribution: Olmos to Pariakoto, nortliwestern Peru.~~

~~Trop i durus occ i p i tal i s stolzmann i Steindachner~~

~~I85I Trop i durus Stolzmann i Steindachner, Ann. Naturiiist. Mus. Wien, 6: '}](>, Type-locality: Chota, Peru.~~

~~1956 Trop idurus occ ip i tal is stolzmann i —Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37- 119> pl' 17> figs. 33-34.~~

~~Distribution: Northwestern Peru and possibly southwestern Ecuador.~~

~~TROPIDURUS PERUVIANOS (Lesson)~~

~~1826 Stellio peruvianus Lesson, in Duperrey, Voy. "Coquille", Reptiles, $: pi. 2, fig. 2; 2 (l) I83O: 40. Type-locality: Callao and Payta, Peru.~~

~~I885 Trop i durus peruv ianus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I74.~~

~~Distribution: South America west of Andes from southern Ecuador to northern Chile.~~

~~Content: Nine subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Snout rounded 2 Hocico de extremo redondeado 2~~

~~Snout acutely pointed a tacamens i s Hocico de extremo aguzado atacamens is~~

~~2. With irregular dorsal spotting 3 Con manchas dorsales irregulares 3 With four black bands dorsally Con cuatro bandas negras dorsales~~

~~quadr i vi ttatus quadr i v i ttatus~~

3. Adpressed hind limb reaches beyond ear 4 Extremidad posterior hacia delante sobre- Adpressed hind limb reaches shouldei pasa el oído 4 araucanus Extremidad posterior hacia delante alcanza el hombro araucanus

~~4. Guiar and pectoral regions lack transverse Región guiar y pectoral sin cintas trans-~~

~~str i pes 5 versales 5 Guiar and pectoral regions with transverse Región guiar y pectoral con cintas trans-~~

~~str i pes 7 versales 7~~

5. Pectoral region not black; body not Reglón pectoral no negra; cuerpo no melan ist ic 6 melán ico 6 Pectoral region black; body melanistic Región pectoral negra; cuerpo melánico sal in icola sal In Icola

~~- 6. With low dorsal crest heterolep i s Con cresta dorsal baja- heterolep is Lacking dorsal crest mar ianus Sin cresta dorsal mar ianus~~

~~8 7. Guiar stripes continuous 8 Cintas guiares continuas Guiar stripes formed by row of small, light Cintas guiares formadas por hileras de~~

~~t i gris bordered spots 1 i qr is pequeñas manchas bordeadas de claro-~~

~~8. Guiar stripes bordered by small, multi- Cintas guiares bordeadas por manchitas colored spots; lacking spot in groin multicolores; sin mancha inguinal~~

mami nens is mam i nens i s Guiar stripes not bordered by multicolored Cintas guiares no bordeadas por manchitas spots; with spot In groin peruv ianus multicolores; con mancha inguinal peruv ianus 268 TROPIDURUS

~~Trop i durus peruv ianus peruv ianus (Lesson)~~

I835 Trop i durus m icrolophus Wiegmann, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , 17: 223, pi. I6. Type-locality: Peru. 18^6 Microlophus Lessonii Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 336. Type-locality: Lima, Callao, and Cobija, Peru. 1845 St.f e irolepis ] xanthost iqma Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: 155- Type-locality: Coastal Peru.

I876 Microlophus inquinalis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I72. Type- locality: Valley of Jequetepeque, Peru. 1356 Trop idurus peruv ianus peruv ianus — Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37' 106, pi. 11, figs. 1-5; pi. 12, figs. 6-7.

~~Distribution: Western foothills of Andes and coastal areas of southern Ecuador, Peru, and northern Chile.~~

~~Trop i durus peruv ianus araucanus (Lesson)~~

1826 Lophyrus araucanus Lesson, in Duperrey, Voy. "Coquille", Reptiles, pi. 2, fig. 1. Type- locality: Biobio River, Arauco, Concepción, Chile. 1366 Trop idurus peruvianas araucanus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 143.

~~Distribution: Northwestern Chile.~~

~~Tropidurus peruv ianus atacamens is Donoso-Barros~~

i i s 6: 1360 [ Trop durus peruv ianus j atacamens Donoso-Barros, Invest. Zool. Chilensis, 63. Type- locality: Atacama Desert, Chile; further specified as Caldera, Atacama, Chile, by Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile, I366, 153'

~~Distribution: Atacama Desert in region south of Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~Trop i durus peruv ianus heterolep i s Wiegmann~~

~~I835 Tropidurus heterolepi s Wiegmann, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. , I7: 225, pi. I7, f ig. 1. Type-locality: Tacna, Peru.~~

~~1366 Trop i durus peruv ianus heterolep i s — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 134.~~

~~Distribution: Extreme northern Chile and southern Peru.~~

~~Trop i durus peruv ianus mam i nens i s Donoso-Barros~~

~~1966 Trop idurus peruv ianus mam ifiens i s Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: I50. Type-locality: Mamiña, Tarapacá, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality.~~

~~Trop i durus peruv i anus mar ianus Donoso-Barros~~

~~1966 Tropi durus peruvianus marianus Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 148. Type-locality: Isla Santa Maria, Antofagasta, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality.~~

~~Trop i durus peruv ianus quadr i v i ttatus (Tschudi)~~

~~St.[ i i 1845 eirolepis ] quadr v tta ta Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: I56. Type-locality: Coastal Peru.~~

~~1966 Tropidurus peruvianus quadr i vi ttatus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 141.~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality. 269 TROPIDURUS~~

~~i Trop i durus peruvianus sail n cola Mertens~~

~~iqS6 Tropidurus peruvianus salinicola Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37= ^^^> Pl- ^^t ^''9^' 8-10. Type-locality: Salinas, soutli of Huacho, Departamento Lima, Peru.~~

~~Distribution: Salt flats in vicinity of type locality.~~

~~i (Tscliudi) Trop i durus peruv lanus t igr s~~

Type-locality; Coastal Peru. 184'^ St.[ eirolepis ] tigris Tschudi , Arch, fur Naturg., 11: I56. pi. figs. 13-14. iqS6 Tropidurus peruvianus t i qr i s — Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37: IO9, 13,

~~Distribution: Coastal Peru, replacing nominate race at higher altitudes.~~

~~TROPIDURUS SEMITAENIATUS (Spix)~~

182S Aqama semitaeniata Spix. Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 13, pi. 16, fig. 1. Type-locality: "In campis montosis Sincura", Bahia, Brazil. Brit. Mus., 2: I78. 188S Tropidurus sem i taen iatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. figs. 22-2$. Type-locality: iq^S Tapinurus scut i punctatus Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, ] (l532): 65, Villa Nova (= Senhor de Bonfim), Bahia, Brazil.

~~Distribution: Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Para'ba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia, eastern Brazil.~~

~~TROPIDURUS SPINULOSUS (Cope)~~

1862 Microlophus spinulosus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 35I. Type-locality: Paraguay. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4: 301. Type- I875 Leiocephalus ( Cran i opelt i s ) varieqatus 'Shaughnessy, (5) locality: Cosquin, Cordoba, Argentina. 188S Tropidurus spinulosus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 175- iq^O Plica ste ineqeri Burt and Burt, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 78 (6): I5. Type-locality: Argentina.

~~and northern Argentina. Distribution: Mato Grosso, Brazil, and Grand Chaco of Bol i via, Paraguay,~~

~~TROPIDURUS TARAPACENSIS Donoso-Barros~~

~~1966 Tropidurus tarapacensis Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: I58, col. pi. 7. Type-locality: Desierto de Tarapacá, Chile, 10,000 km.~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality.~~

~~TROPIDURUS THERESIAE Steindachner~~

Wiss. WIen, I95. Type-locality: Ancón, near 1301 Tropidurus theresiae Ste i ndachner, Anz. Akad. 38: Lima, Peru. I3S6 Tropidurus theres iae — Mertens. Senckenberg iana Biol., 37: 111, pi. 14, figs. I6-I9.

~~Distribution: Between Chancay and Lima, west coast of central Peru.~~

~~TROPIDURUS THERES 10 I DES Donoso-Barros~~

~~1966 Tropidurus theresioides Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 155, col. pi. 7. Type-locality: Oasis de Pica, Tarapacá, Chile.~~

~~Distribution: Region of type locality. !~~

~~270 TROPIDURUS~~

~~TROPIDURUS THORACICUS (ischudi)~~

~~184'^ St.[ e irolep is ] thorac ica Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: I56. Type-locality: Coastal Peru.~~

1500 Trop i durus Thomasi Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 6: 184, Type-locality: Eten, coast of Peru. 1559 Tropidurus thoracicus — Mertens, Senckenberg iana Biol., 37' ^13» pl- ^5» figs. 20-25.

~~Distribution: West coast of central Peru from Eten in north to Pucusana in south.~~

~~TROPIDURUS TORQUATUS (Wied)~~

~~1820 Stellio torquatus Wied. Reise nach Brasilien, I8I5-I8I7, 1: 106. Type-locality: none specified.~~

1823 Aqama brasiliensis Radd i . Mem. Math. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sc i . , I5: 55. Type-locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I825 Aqama h isp ida s ve tuberculata Spix, Sp. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 12, pi. I5, fig. 1. Type-locality: either Rio de Janeiro or Bahia, Brazil.

~~I843 Trop i durus m i crolep i dolus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 12. Type-locality: Brazil.~~

~~1845 Taraquira Darwin i i Gray. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 220. Type-locality: Abrolhos Inlet, Brazil. IBS'] Tropidurus torquatus — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: I76.~~

~~Distribution: Guianas; Brazil. 271 repulía: SAURIA: TEIIDAE -^ ^ TUPINAMBIS~~

~~TUPINAMBIS Daudin~~

~~I8O3 Tupi nambis Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3= 20. Type-species: Tupinaitibis monitor Daudin. 1820 Tutor Goldfuss (subgenus novum), Handbuch der Zoologie, Nuremberg, 2: I68. Type-species:~~

~~Mon i tor amer icanus Goldfuss. 1822 Gusta Fleming, Philosophy of Zoology, 2: 274. Type-species: Lacerta tequ ix in Linnaeus, by present designation (see below, in comments).~~

~~1826 Exypnestes Kaup, Isis von Oken, I8-I9: 88. Type-species: Tup inamb is mon i tor Daudin.~~

~~1828 Ctenodus Waqler. Isis von Oken, 21: 860. Type-species: Tupinambis n i qropunctatus Spix. 1830 Podinema Waqler. Nat. Syst. Amph.: 153- Type-specles: Lacerta Tequixin Linnaeus.~~

1830 Ctenodon Waqler, Nat. Syst Amph.: 153' Type-species: Tupinambis n i qropunctatus Spix. 1831 Tequix in Gray, Synopsis Species Glass Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 5: 25. Type-species! Lacerta tequ ix in Linnaeus. 1833 Gymnogomphius Wagler, Isis von Oken, 26: 852. Type-species: Lacerta tequixin Linnaeus. 1839 Salvator Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gin., J: 39. Type-species: Salvator Merianae Dumlril and

~~B i bron.~~

~~Distribution: South America east of Andes.~~

~~Comment: We are here designating Lacerta tequ ix i n Linnaeus as the type species of Gusta Fleming,~~

~~because this firmly fixes the generic name as a junior synonym of Tupi namb is . Use of one of the other species assigned by Fleming to Gusta could result in replacement of a well-known genus,~~

~~such as Crocod ilurus .~~

~~Gontent: Four species.~~

~~Key to the species Glave de especies~~

1. Loreal plate divided, forming two scales 2 1. Placa loreal dividida originando dos escamas--2 Loreal plate undivided, single scale Placa loreal no dividida, una sola escama n iqropuncta tus n i qropunctatus

2. Length of fourth toe much longer than tarsus-- 2. Longitud del cuarto ortejo notablemente mayor 3 que el tarso 3 Length of fourth toe slightly longer than Longitud del cuarto ortejo apenas mayor que el tarsus duseni tarso duseni

3. Ventral scales from collar to anus 46-5O 3- Escamas ventrales desde el collar al ano 46-5O- ruf escens ruf escens Ventral scales from collar to anus 36-40 Escamas ventrales desde el collar al ano 36-40- tequ ix in tequ ix in

~~TUPINAMBIS DUSENI Lonnberg ^~~

~~Brazil. 1910 - Tupinambis duseni LiSnnberq. Ark. for Zool. 6 (9): 1, fig. I-5. Type-locality: Paraná,~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type-locality.~~

~~TUPINAMBIS NIGROPUNCTATUS Spix~~

~~Bras.: pi. 20. Type-locality: Brazil. 1825 Tupinambis n i qropunctatus Spix. Spec. Nov. Lacert. 18,~~

~~Distribution: Amazon Basin, including Brazil, Peru, Golombia, Venezuela and perhaps Ecuador; also Island of Trini dad.~~

~~TUPINAMBIS RUFESCENS (Günther)~~

~~I87I Tejus rufescens Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I87I: 541. Type-locality: Mendoza, Argentina. 188*1 Tupinambis ruf escens-Boulenqer, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 335.~~

~~Distribution: Western Argentina from La Pampa and Mendoza to Jujuy and Salta. 272 TUPINAMBIS~~

~~TUPINAMBIS TEGUIXIN (Linnaeus)~~

~~I7S8 Lacerta teguixin Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 208. Type-locality: Indi is. IBB^i Tupinambis teguixin — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 335-~~

~~Distribution: Northern Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Guianas.~~

~~Content: Two subspecies.~~

~~Key to the subspecies Clave de subespecies~~

~~1. Heavily melanistic dorsally, dorsal pattern 1. Dorsalmente densamente melánica, diseño darkened or almost totally obscured dorsal oscuro o casi totalmente oscuro~~

i sebast ian i sebast ian Dorsum with strong contrasts of light and Dorso con fuerte contraste de áreas claras dark areas, not darkened over entire y oscuras, no oscurecido en la totalidad surface tegu ix in de su superficie tequ ix in

~~i Tup i namb i s tequ ix i n tequ ix n (Linnaeus)~~

1768 Seps marmoratus Laurent i. Synopsis Reptilium: 55- Type-locality: Indi is. I8O3 Tupinamb is moni tor Oaudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., J: 20. Type-locality: None given. 2: Type- 1820 Mon i tor ( Tutor ) americanus Goldfuss, Handbuch der Zoologie, Nuremberg, I68. locality: South America. 1835 Salvator merianae Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 5= 85. Type-locality: Cayenne, French Guiana; Brazil; and Montevideo, Uruguay.

~~i 1 Sao SebastiSo 1568 Tupinamb i s tequ ix in f tequ ix n ] — Müller, Die Herpetofauna der nsel von (Brasilien): 31, fig. 10.~~

~~Distribution: Northern Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Guianas.~~

~~Tupi namb i s tequ ix i n sebast ian i Mu Her~~

~~SSo SebastiSo 1568 T up inambis tequ ix in sebast ian i Müller, Die Herpetofauna der Insel von (Brasilien): 3I, fig. 10. Type-locality: Isla SSTo SebastiSo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from Isla Sao SebastiSo, Brazil. i~~

~~^ 273 repulía: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE * * * * URACENTRON Prepared by Richard Etheridge, San Diego State College, San Diego, California~~

~~URACENTRON Kaup~~

1826 Uracentron Kaup, Isis von Oken, IJ: 88. Type-species: Lacerta azurea Linnaeus. 1829 Doryphorus Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. 2, 2: JA. Type-species: Stellio brev icaudatus Daudin. 1830 Urocentron Waqler (emendation of Uracentron Kaup). Nat. Syst. Amphib.: 145- 183S Urocentrum Wiegmann (emendation of Uracentron Kaup). Arch, fur Naturg., 1 (2): 285. 1845 Uranocentron Gray (substitute name for Uracentron Kaup), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 225.

~~Distribution: Guianas; Amazonian basin of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Brazil.~~

~~Content: Four species, according to most recent revision by Etheridge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., 17, 1568, 47-64.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

1. Dorsal scales smooth or weakly and obtusely 1. Escamas dorsales lisas o ligera y obtusamente keeled posteriorly; tail narrower and less guilladas a posterior; cola mas angosta y strongly depressed, fewer than I7 scales menos fuertemente deprimida, menos de I7 around middle of tail 2 escamas alrededor del medio de la cola 2 Dorsal scales distinctly keeled (except in Escamas dorsales distintamente quilladas small juveniles); tail wider and more strongly (excepto en juveniles pequeños); cola más depressed, more than I7 scales around middle ancha y más fuertemente deprimida, mas de I7 of tail f lav iceps escamas alrededor del medio de la cola f laviceps

2. Escamas dorsales posteriores generalmente 2. Posterior dorsal scales usually at least quilladas, al menos vagamente; diseño verde faintly keeled; pattern green (bluish in pre- (azulado en preservativo) con bandas trans- servative) with black crossbands, at least versales negras, al menos en el cuello y on neck and anterior body 3 parte anterior del cuerpo 3 Posterior dorsals perfectly smooth; dorsum Dorsales posteriores perfectamente lisas; dorso brownish with faint lighter spots; bold parduzco con manchas ligeramente más claras; la occipi- yellowish mark on occipital region werner i marca amarilla conspicua en región tal werner

3. Supraoculares alargados, separados de los super- 3. Supraoculars band-like, separated from superciliares por una sola hilera de escamas ciliaries by single row of small scales; pequeñas; diseño de tres bandas transversales pattern of three narrow crossbands on neck angostas en el cuello, seguidas de una que followed by one that descends along anti- desciende a lo largo del pliegue antehumeral; humeral fold; narrow mesh-like network on ret'culo de trama fina en el dorso del

dorsum of body quenther i cuerpo quenther i Supraoculars variable, seldom band-like, or, if Supraoculares variables, raramente alargados, dos hileras band-like, separated from supere i 1 iar i es by separados de los superciliares por two rows of small scales; pattern of bold wide de escamas pequeñas; diseño de bandas trans- crossbands on neck and body, two anterior to versales anchas, conspicuas en cuello y antihumeral fold, posteriorly one or more cuerpo, dos bandas anteriores al pliegue ante- bands may break up into a wide mesh-like humeral, a posterior una o más bandas pueden reticulum azureum fragmentarse en un ret'culo de trama amplia azureum

~~URACENTRON AZUREUM (Linnaeus)~~

1758 Lacerta azurea Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 202. Type-locality: Africa; in error; restricted to vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam, by Etheridge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 17, 1968, 50.

1802 Stellio brevicaudata Latreille. in Sonnini and Latre i lie. Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 29. Type-locality: interior of Guiana and Surinam. 1820 Uromastyx caeruleus Merrem (substitute name for Lacerta azurea Linnaeus), Tent. Syst. Amphib.: %. 1826 Uracentron azureum —Kaup. Isis von Oken, I9: 88.

~~1968 Uracentron azureum — Ether i dqe. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., 17: 50.~~

~~Distribution: Guianas; also along or near Rio Amazon in northern Brazil as far west as Manaus. 274 URACENTRON~~

~~URACENTRON FLAVICEPS (Guichenot)~~

IBS'! Doryphorus flaviceps Guichenot, in Castelnau, Exp. Amér. Mlrid., Rept.; 26, pi. 3> fig- 2. Type- locality: Sarayacu, Peru. I87I Doryphorus castor Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. See, 11 (I87O): 556. Type-locality: Pebas, Peru. iana, 7: 1925 I Uracentron flay iceps j — Mertens, Senckenberg 75'

~~1968 Uracentron f lav iceps — Ether i dqe. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., I7: 55.~~

~~Distribution: Western part of Amazonian basin in northwestern Brazil, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru.~~

~~URACENTRON GUENTHERI (Soulenger)~~

~~I854 Urocentrum quentheri Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854: 725, pi. 47, fig. 3. Type- locality: Iquitos, Peru. 1525 Uracentron quentheri — Mertens, Senckenberg iana, ]: 75-~~

~~1968 Uracentron quentheri —Ether i dqe. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., I7: 53.~~

~~Distribution: Ri'o Ucayali system in Departamento Loreto, eastern Peru, and western Amazonian basin in northwestern Brazil.~~

~~URACENTRON WERNER I Mertens~~

~~1525 Uracentron werner i Mertens, Senckenberg ¡ ana, ]: 75' Type-locality: Upper Rio Orinoco, Venezuela~~

~~1968 Uracentron werner i — Ether i dqe, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., 17: 55.~~

~~Distribution: Upper R'o Orinoco valley in Venezuela; western tributaries of Orinoco in Colombia. 275 REPTILIA: SAURlA: IGUANIDAE * * "^ URANOSCODON~~

~~URANOSCODQN Kaup~~

~~1811 Lophyrus Oppel (preoccupied by Lophyrus Poli, 175l)> Ordnungen, Familien, und Gattungen der~~

~~Reptilien: 27. Type-species: Lacerta supere i 1 i osa Linnaeus.~~

~~I825 Uranoscodon Kaup, Isis von Oken, I6: ^')0. Type-spec Íes: Lacerta supere i 1 iosa Linnaeus.~~

I825 Opliryessa Boie, Isis von Oken, I7: IO5O. Type-spec Íes: Lacerta supere i 1 i osa Linnaeus. I825 Uran iscodon Boie (emendation of Uranoscodon Kaup), Isis von Oken, I7: IO5O. I827 Lophyrus Gray (not Lophyrus Oppel, 1811; substitute name for Uranoscodon Kaup), Phil. Mag., 2: 208. I827 Uranascodon Gray (in error for Uranoscodon Kaup), Phil. Mag., 2: 208. 1827 Ophryesa Gray (in error for Ophrvessa Boie), Phil. Mag., 2: 208. 1830 Ophryoessa Wagler (emendation of Ophryessa Boie), Nat. Syst. Amph.: 145- 1831 Ophyessa Gray (emendation of Ophryessa Boie), Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom^ 5: 35.

~~I83I X i phura Gray, Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 9: 33, Type-~~

~~species; Lacerta supere i 1 i osa Linnaeus.~~

~~Distribution: As for single known species.~~

~~Content: One species.~~

~~URANOSCODON SUPERO I L I OSA (Linnaeus)~~

1758 Lacerta supere i 1 iosa Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 200. Type-locality: "Indi is". 1802 Aqama stellaris Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 3: 404. Type-locality: "Batavia", from Seba, Thesaurus, 1, 1734-65, pi. 92, fig. 2. I825 Lophyrus xiphosurus Spix, Spec. Nov. Lac. Bras.: '), pi. 10. Type-locality: Solimoens, Brazil.

~~I825 Lophyrus auron i tens Spix, Spec. Nov. Lac. Bras.: 12, pi. 13a. Type-locality: In humid areas on banks of Rio Amazon, Brazil.~~

~~I825 Uranoscodon supere i 1 i osa — Kaup, Isis von Oken, I6: 59^'~~

~~I885 Ophryoessa supere i 1 iosa — Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 111.~~

~~Distribution: Northeastern South America. 276 R EPULÍA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE jlT ^ ^ UROSTROPHUS~~

~~UROSTROPHUS Duméril and Bibron~~

i Vaut ieri Duméril 1837 Urostrophus Dumlril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 77. Type-spec es: Urostrophus and Bibron. 1845 Uroírophus Gray (in error for Urostrophus Duméril and Bibron), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 184.

~~Distribution: Southern South America, In Chile, Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina.~~

~~Content: Three species.~~

~~Key to the species Clave de especies~~

collar en la garganta hombros 2 1. No collar on throat and shouldei 2 1. Sin y Black collar on throat and lower half of Collar negro en la garganta y mitad inferior de shoulder area torquatus la zona de los hombros torquatus

2. Extremidad posterior extendida hacia adelante 2. Adpressed hind limb to shoulder or neck in llega al hombro o cuello en machos, a la axila males, to axilla in females; eight to nine en hembras; ocho a nueve labiales superiores; upper labials; seven to eight lower labials siete a ocho labiales inferiores vaut ieri

vau t i er i Extremidad posterior extendida hacia adelante Adpressed hind limb to eye-ear region; ten llega a la region ojo-oido; diez labiales upper labials; nine lower labials valer iae superiores; nueve labiales inferiores- valeriae

~~UROSTROPHUS TORQUATUS (Philippi)~~

IB6I Leiosaurus torquatus Philippi, in Philippi and Landbeck, Arch, fijr Naturg., 27: 255- Type- locality: Near Concepción, Chile. I86I Le iosaurus valdi vianus Philippi, in Philippi and Landbeck, Arch. fiJr Naturg., 27: 258. Type- locality: Valdivia Province, Chile. 1885 Urostrophus torquatus — Bou lenqer. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 124. 1966 Urostrophus torquatus — Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 365» pl- 27 (col.).

~~Distribution: Chile, from Chilian to Puerto Montt.~~

~~UROSTROPHUS VALERIAE Donoso-Barros~~

~~1966 Urostrophus valeriae Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 369> Pl- 27 (col.). Type-locality: Alhue, Chile (from Donoso-Barros, loc. cit., p. 458).~~

~~Distribution: Forests of Cordillera de la Costa, central Chile.~~

~~UROSTROPHUS VAUTIERI Duméril and Bibron~~

~~I837 Urostrophus Vaut ier i Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 4: 78. Type-locality: Brazil; given as Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by Guibe, Catalogue des Types de Lézards, Paris Mus., 195''> 51'~~

~~Distribution: Southern Brazil, northern Argentina, eastern Bolivia. 277~~

~~REPULÍA: SAURIA: XENOSAURIDAE "^ 'A' "^ XENOSAURUS~~

~~XENOSAURUS Peters~~

~~1861 Xenosaurus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1861: 453. Type-species: Xenosaurus fasciatus Peters [= Xenosaurus grandis grandis (Gray)J.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico to Guatemala.~~

and Thompson) Content: Three species, two of which ( arboreus Lynch and Smith and platyceps King King and Thompson, Bull. Florida St. Mus., are extral im i tal, according to latest revision by 12, 1568, 93-123.

~~XENOSAURUS GRANDIS (Gray)~~

~~18^6 Cubina grandis Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 18: 27O. Type-locality: Cordoba, Veracruz,~~

~~Mex i CO.~~

~~Distribution: Mexico to Guatemala.~~

~~Content: Five subspecies, four of which ( agrenon King and Thompson, grand i s Gray, sanmart i nens i s Werler and Shannon and newmanorum Taylor) are extral imi tal.~~

~~Xenosaurus grand i s rackham i Stuart~~

~~1941 Xenosaurus rackhami Stuart. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54: 47. Type-locality: Finca Volcán (45 km east of Coban), Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, I3OO m.~~

~~1565 Xenosaurus grandis rackhami — Lynch and Smith, Tran. Kansas Acad. Sc i . , 68: lyi.~~

~~Distribution: Atlantic drainage in central Chiapas, Mexico, to east central Guatemala.~~

~~279 INCERTAE SEDIS~~

~~ALOPOQLOSSUS GRACILIS Werner~~

~~1913 Alopoqlossus gracilis Werner. Mitt. Naturliist. Mus. Hamburg, 3O: I3. Type-locality: Valle del~~

~~Rio Humboldt, tributario del Rio I tapocu, Santa Catarina, Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

~~Comment: Ruibal, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, 1952, 5OI, could not allocate this species generically. He suggested it might belong to Ptychoglossus .~~

~~CNEMIDOPHORUS AMIVOIDES Cope~~

~~La 1894 CnemidoDhorus amivoides Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i . Phila., I894: I98. Type-locality: Carpintera, Costa Rica.~~

~~Distribution: Known only from type locality.~~

in synonymy of Comment: Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc i . Bull., 38, 1956, 268, included this taxon the '^ valid, this action would give ami voides Ame i va undulata parva Barbour and Noble, 1915' taxon priority over parva . On p. 2/1, Taylor indicated he was uncertain, but that this appeared in Costa Rica. It cannot be included to belong to Ame i va . perhaps applying to a mountain form

in this Catalogue without a name change. It cannot be put in Cnem i dophorus if Taylor's action of placing it in Ame iva is valid. It appears best for the time being to list it as an unassignable name.

~~PANTODACTYLUS CONCOLOR Tschudi~~

~~Northern 1847 P.[ antodactylus ] concolor Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., I3 (l): 48. Type-locality: Provinces of Brazil.~~

~~Distribution: Unknown.~~

~~Comment: This taxon was not mentioned by Ruibal in his revision of the genus Pantodactvlus (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106, 1952). We are uncertain as to its proper generic allocation.~~

~~281 NUMBERS- ATTE~~

albi gularis ame i va (cont. ) Aporomera 88 Gonatodes I3O Ameiva ameiva I5 Aptycholaemus ]2 12-striata alb !ss ima Lacerta 18 aquat icus Amphisbaena Draconura 48 33 americana Anolis 48 alboc i ngula ta Ameiua I5 araucan i ens is Amphisbaena 36 Amphisbaena 32 Liolaemus altissimus Amphisbaena prunicolor americanus 180 abendroth i i 36 Basiliscus 84 araucanus Chalcides (Haplolepis) albogular is Monitor (Tutor) 272 Cupriguanus 106 Gonatodes I3O 211 eva 17 Lophyrus 268 Ophiognomon 211 Gonatodes albogularis a 17 Tropidurus peruvianus Ablepharus IJ 131 oides 268 Abronia 14 Gymnodactylus I3O Cnem idophorus 275 arbórea abrupteser iatus a Iboguttatus Amphisbaena 26 Anadia metallica 40 Phyllodactylus 224 Phyllodactylus 222 Amydosaurus I6I arenaria

~~acanth i nurus albolabr is Anadia 35 Saccodeira I85 Sceloporus 247 Tiliqua 155 andeanus arenar ius~~

acanth i nus albomax i liar is Alopoglossus I5 Ophryoesso ides 213 Sceloporus 247 Lophyrus 118 and ianus Steironotus (Eulophus) Sceloporus acanthinus 247 albostri ga tus Anolis 47 213 Acanthol is Pri onodactylus 218 43 and inus Argalia 73 Acanthopyga IJl Pantodactylus schreib- Liolaemus I87 argent i nus

aca thh i nus ersii 218 Aneuporus 264 An isolep is '¡2 Sceloporus 247 alfaroi angul if er Liolaemus pictus 152 achalens i s Gerrhonotus I25 L iocephalus 213 argulus Cupriguanus 106 alfaron is angust iceps Cercosaura (Pantodac- ach i lies Cnem idophorus 53 Anadia 35 tylus) 235 Anol is Aliurus 140 47 Cnem i dophorus 5^ Prionodactylus 235 alien i achlyens angust if rons Aristelligella 7A Proctoporus 238 Bachia 75 Amph¡sbaena 25 Aristell i ger ]i Acrantus 260 Scolecosaurus 75 Anisoclonium JS armatulus all iacea aculeatus An isolep i s 42 Gnemidophorus 21 Gecko 142 Mabuia 200 annectans Arthrosaura 75 Leiocephalus Mabuya mabouya 200 213 Leposoma l64 Arthoseps ]& all ison i Ophryoessoi des 213 annectens arma tus Anolis Pachycercus 148 47 Liolaemus I87 Gekko 142 is Alopoglossus I5 acut irostr Macrophol idus 201 arubens is Anolls altae 55 annularis Gnemidophorus Ji Anol is Euspondylus 121 47 Gonatodes I3I Gnemidophorus lemni- Ecpleopus (Euspondylus) altamazon icus Hoplocercus 204 scatus 5* Centropyx I5I 121 Morunasaurus 204 Aspidolaemus II3 Polychrus Kentropyx I5I 233 Anolis 43 Aspidoscel¡s 52 Ada alt ¡color 111 Anolius 43 Aspidosoma 14 Liolaemus I78 adspersa anómala assa tum C tenoblepharys IO3 Liolaemus alticolor I78 Aulura 77 Leiolopisma 154

alt i adspersus ss imus Bachia 81 Leiolopisma assatum L iolaemus Ctenoblephar is IO3 175 anomalum 154 aenea Liolaemus altissimus Lepidophyma I63 assatus Scincus (Til iqua) I59 180 Anomalurus 135 Lamprophol i s 154 al varez i aeneus anomalus a tacamens is Heloderma Anolis 47 horridum I33 Ctenoblephari s IO3 Callopistes maculatus aequator ial is amapaense L i olaemus IO3 85 Anolis 47 Arthrosaura 75 Oreosaurus 235 Liolaemus nigromacu- af i a ma ral i f ne Pholidobolus 220 latus 185 Lep idosternum I68 Gymnodactylus 135 Polychrus 233 Tropidurus peruvianus aff inis Gymnodactylus gecko ides Anops 7^^ 268 Ecpleopus 113 135 Anopsibaena 7O ater Eulaemus 182 amazon ica Anopus 70 Liolaemus n¡gromacu- agamo i des Amphisbaena fuliginosa Anotosaura Jl latus 185 Lophyrus (Ophreyesa) 23O 32 ant illens is at i tlanens is agass iz i amazon ¡cus Gonatodes I3I Celestus 50 Anol is 47 Coleodactylus 56 Gymnodactylus I3I a tlant ica ag i 1 is Crocodilurus 102 anton i i Mabuya 200 Call isc incopus 262 Pseudogona todes 242 Anolis 47 a tr icucullaris Scincus 155 Sphaerodactylus 56 Apatelus 78 Gonatoes I32 Tret ioscincus 262 amazon ius Aperopristis I56 a tr i gularis Akleistops 162 Alopoglossus I5 apodemus Ameiva surinamensis 20 alba Ameiua I7 206 Neust¡curus Stenocercus 257 Ameiva I7 Amphisbaena 25 apoll ¡nari s a ttenuata

~~ame i va albi Anolis 48 Anadia metallica 40 Anolis 68 Ameiva 18 Aporarchus 26~~

369-215 O—70- -19 282 ATTE- CADU attenuatus bibronii (cont.) bocourtii Brachysaurus 212 Enyalius ll/ Anolis brachystoma Anolis wood i 65 45 Audantia 43 Liolaemus 180 Tropidurus 266 Coleodactylus 96 bodinii Homonota Aulura 77 Oplurus 227 56 auratus Proctotretus 180 Gonatodes I32 brachyura Anolis 48 bicarinata boettgeri Amphisbaena 35 Norops 48 Lacerta 206 Anolis 49 braconnieri aureolus bicarinatus Cophias 82 Gon i odactylus I3I Anolis 59 Neusticurus 206 Lep idosternon I68 branickii aurita bicolor Stenocercus 255 Tejovaranus 88 Abronia 14 Bachia 80 bogerti bransfordii Gerrhonotus 14 Gonioptychus 244 Tropidurus 265 Anolis 58 auronitens Heteroclon i urn 80 Bogertia 85 brasiliana Lophyrus 275 Ptychoglossus 244 bogotensis Briba 86 australis bifasciatus Anadia 40 Bronia 87 Gonatodes I27 Heteropus 262 Ecpleopus (Xestosaurus) brasiliensis azurea Tret i osc incus 262 40 Agama 27O

~~Lacerta 273 Tret iosc ¡ ncus bifasci- bohlsii Enyalius 118 azureum atus 262 Amphisbaena 33 Lophyrus 118~~

Uracentron 273 bifrontata bojeri Tret iosc i ncus 262 azureus Ameiva 20 Hemidactylus (Proepus) brattstroem i Proctotretus 241 Ameiva bifrontata 21 141 Liolaemus cyanogaster Tropidocephalus 241 bilineata boliviana 182 Ameiva ameiva I9 Amphisbaena 3O braziliensis B Ophryoessa 84 bolivianus Ophyessa (Plica) 118 bilineatus Liocephalus 213 bresslaui Bachia 78 Enyalius 118 Liolaemus I87 Apatelus 80 baessleri Enyalus 118 Pri onodactylus 236 Bachia 80 Phyllodactylus 224 Ptychoglossus 245 Pr ionodactylus manica- brevicaudata bahiana bilobatus tus 236 Stellio273 Amphisbaena 3O Celestus 108 Proctoporus 238 breviceps bakeri Diploglossus 108 bolivica Anolis 55

Ctenosaura IO5 binotatus Amphisbaena camura 3" brev i f rental i s barbouri Anolis 48 Boltalia 140 Euspondylus 121 244 Bachia 79 biporoata bombiceps Ptychoglossus Basiliscus 84 Dactyloa 48 Anolis 49 brevipes Basiliscus basiliscus 84 biporcatus bonairensis Anolis 49 Dicrodon IO7 Anolis 48 Anolis ^0 brevis Lepidoblepharis 242 Anolis biporcatus 49 Anolis bonairensis ^0 Lygosoma assatum 155

~~Pseudogonatodes 242 b i rd i bondi Briba 86 bardensis Gymnophthalmus I38 Anolis nitens 6I bridgesii~~

speci- i Leiosaurus I56 Gymnophthalmus boon i Ameiva 21 Barisia I25 osus I38 Gonatodes I3I Holcosus 21 Basiliscus 83 biscutiger borckiana Bronia 87 basiliscus Anolis 49 Centropyx I52 brookii Basiliscus 83 bisecta borellii Hemidactylus 141 Basiliscus basiliscus 84 Leposoma I66 Amphisbaena 37 brooksi

Lacerta 83 bisignatus Amphisbaena steindach- 13 iaphoranol i s 60 bassleri Liolaemus nigromacula- neri 37 bruchi Amphisbaena fuliginosa 32 tus 189 Gymnodactylus 146 Anisolepis 42 Cercosaura ocellata 9I Proctotretus I89 Homonota 146 brumetii beaglii bistriatus Lep idosternum I69 Anolis 5* Ortholaemus I87 Scincus I99 Pantodactylus 217 buchwaldi beckeri bitaeniata boulengeri Lepidoblepharis I58 Anolis 63 Anadia 39 Amphisbaena 33 buckleyi Anolis pentaprion 63 bitectus Anolis 64 Alopoglossus 15 beebei Anolis 49 Anolis punctatus 64 Anolis 67 bivittata Gonatodes I3I Lep i dosternum I68 Gon i odactylus I32 petersii belli i Anolis 63 Liolaemus 180 Leposoma I5 Leiolaemus 180 Draconura 84 bourgeaei buergeri Leiosaurus I56 bivittatus Anolis 58 Liolaemus 180 benguellensis Pantodactylus 217 Anolis lemurinus 58 Sphaerodactylus 253 Hemidactylus 142 blairi boutonii bullaris beniensis Bachia 80 Ablepharus I3 Anolis 64 Amphisbaena 29 Scolecosaurus 80 Scincus I3 Bunocnemis 140 bertholdi blakei bouvierii Draconura 48 Anadia 40 Anolis 50 C

~~bibroni blanqu i Uanus Brachydactylus 97 Liolaemus 180 Anolis bonairensis 5O brachypoda Cachryx II6~~

bibronii Blepharact i s i s I37 Mabuya I98 caducus Diplolaemus 110 Blepharosteres I3 Brachypus 78 Ophryoesso ides 213 283 CADU-CYAN caducus (cont.) caud iscutatus Cnem idophorus 52 cordyllnum Scartiscus 213 Gonatodes 132 Cnemidotus 17 Placosoma 228 caerulea Gymnodactylus 132 cobanensis Placosoma cordylinum Iguana 145 ceciliae Anolis 51 225 caerulescens Gonatodes I32 Coccoessus 43 cortezi Enyalioides II5 Celestus 5O cochabambae Anolis 60 Lacerta 54 centralis Mabuya frenata I58 Corythaeolus $3 caeruleus Amphisbaena vermicu- cochranae Corythophanes 101 Seps 34 laris 38 Neusticurus 206 Corytophanes 101 Uromastyx 273 Echinosaura 112 Neusticurus ecpleopus courtyi calabaricus Centropyx I5I 206 Liolaemus variabilis Hem idactylus frenatus 142 centropyx coelestis 187 calcaratus Cnem idophorus IO7 Ameiva 260 cozumela Kentropyx I5I Centrura 227 coeruleocephala Cnem idophorus 53 call iscel is ceped i i Lacerta 5* Cnem idophorus cozumela Dicrodon IO7 Scincus 133 coerulescens 53 Calliscincopus 262 Cephalopeltis I67 Enyalius 115 Cnem idophorus deppei Callopistes 88 Cercosaura 3I Coleodactylus 56 53 cameran i chacoens is Coleonyx 37 Craneosaura 83 Lepidosternum I65 Liolaemus 181 coleonyx Craniopeltis 264

Camilia 108 cha i tzami Gymnodactylus 57 crass icauda tum campanae Ameiva 21 collaris Scelotrema 256 Liolaemus nigroviridis Chalcides 78 Anotosaurus 7I crass icaudatus 151 chale id ica Gonatodes I32 Stenocercus 256 camura iguana 23O Colobodactylus 58 crassulus Amphisbaena 3O Chalcidolepis 35 Colobosaura 55 Anolis 5I cantoris Chalcis 78 Colobus 78 Anolis crassulus 52 Peripia I6I Chamaeleops is 101 colombianus crassum cap i to chamaeleops ¡ s Lepidoblepharis festae Lepidosternon I68

Anolis 50 Corythophanes 101 155 crequ i i caracal champsonotus Coloptychon 100 Liolaemus variabilis Gecko 141 Placosoma cordylinum columbianus 187 Cristasaura carean i 223 Proctoporus 235 83 Lepidosternon I65 Prionodactylus 225 columbiensis cristata carinatus Chaunolaemus 233 Prionodactylus 235 Agama 101 Sceloporus 247 chaus completa cristatus Sphaerodactylus homolepiis Gecko 141 Ctenosaura IO5 Corythophanes 101

252 cherr i e i concinnatus Corytophanes 101 carin icauda tum Leiolopisma 155 Gonatodes I32 crocodilinus Lepidosoma I5 Leiolopisma cherriei Gymnodactylus 132 Teius 111 carin icaudatus 155 concolor Crocodilurus 102 Alopoglossus I5 Mocoa 155 Ameiva bifrontata 21 cruciger car iococca ch ilens i s Anolis 51 Gecko 142 Pygopus 203 Liolaemus 181 Pantodactylus 275 Cryptoblepharum I3

Carlia I54 ch i 1 iens is conspersus Ctenoblephari s IO3 carneus Calotes 181 Liolaemus I85 Ctenoblepharys IO3 Anolis 50 Liolaemus 181 conspicuus Ctenocercus 43 carrion i ch illanens i s Gymnodactylus I35 Ctenodeira 43 Stenocercus 256 Liolaemus montícola 1Í constanzae Ctenodon 27I carrucc i i ch iloeens is Liolaemus 181 Ctenodus 271 Amphisbaena 33 Liolaemus pictus 153 cont inental is Ctenonotus 43 carvalho i Chioninia I37 Sphaerodactylus 252 Ctenosaura IO5 Amphisbaena 3" Chirocolus 144 Sphaerodac tylus argus Cubina 145 cas icolus chlor is 252 Cubinia 145 Sphaerodactylus 252 Anolis 51 Tropidurus 266 cupreus cas tan icterus chocorum copei Anolis 52 Tretioscincus 262 Anolis 51 Anolis 45 Euspondylus 225 castor chrysochlorus Copeoglossum I57 Stenocercus 256 Doryphorus 27* Celestus 5O Cophias 78 Cupriguanus 106 casuhat i ens is chrysolep is cophias curicensis Cupriguanus 106 Anolis ^1 Bachia 81 Liolaemus platei I53 catamarcens i s Anolis (Oraconura) 60 Chamaesaura 80 curtus LeiosauTus I56 chrysopygus copiapensis Anolis 52 catenata Stenocercus 256 Liolaemus nigromacula- Custa 27I Agama 118 Chrysosaurus I70 tus 183 cuvieri catenatus chrysost ictus copiapoensis Bachia 80 Enyal ius 118 Sceloporus 247 Liolaemus nigromacula- Brachypus 80 eaten if er c inctum tus I83 Cephalopelt is I63 Anolis 64 Scolecosaurus 80 Copeoglossum I55 cop I I

~~i cyaneus caudelot c i poense Alopoglossus I6 Gymnodactylus I6I Placosoma 228 Centropyx I52 Teius 54 s~~

~~284 CYAN -FORM~~

edwards i i cyanochlori s d i spar fase iata Celestus 5O Leposoma I65 Ameiva 22 Homonota 146 Ameiva festiva 22 cyanodactylus d i ssecta fasciatus Gecus 142 Amphisbaena alba 2? eewi Anolis 53 Anolis cyanogaster d iss im il 1 52 Diploglossus 108 Liolaemus 181 Anolis 52 eigenmanni Gymnodactylus 146 Prionodactylus Liolaemus cyanogaster 181 d i vergens 235 Leiosaurus I56 Proctotretus 181 Lep idodactylus I6I Elabites I57 Tiliqua 108 Elaplirosaura 228 Teius teyou 260 d i V i sa femoral is cyanomelas Ameiva bifrontata 2. elegans Pantodactylus 217 Anolis Teius 94 d i visus 53 Polychrus 233 Coleonyx Cyclodina I54 Cnem i dopliorus 21 57 femoratus Coleonyx elegans cyclurus d ixon i 97 Proctotretus I83 Agama 265 PInyllodactylus 223 Iphisa 150 ferrigineus I79 cynocephalus doello jurado 1 Liolaemus Gonatodes I33 Anolis 62 Proctotretus 241 Elgaria I25 festae Cyprius 115 dollf us ianus el isa Alopoglossus 16 Cyrtodactylus I35 Anolis 52 Dactylocalotes 84 Anolis 53

Cyrtopodion I35 dom i n icana elongatus D iastemalep i s 244 Mabuia 200 Liolaemus 182 Enyalioides II5 D dominicensis emarginata Enyalioides laticeps Mabuya I99 Iguana 149 II5 Daconura 83 dorbignii Emminia 9I Euspondilus 2O7 Dactyloa 43 Gymnodactylus 124, 126 Emphrassotis 237 Leiocephalus 213

Dactylocalotes 83 Homonota 146 Emydactylus 140 Lep i doblephar i s I58 damulus dorbignyi Enyalioides 114 Lep i doblephar i s fes- Anolis 52 Bachia 80 Enyal iosaurus II6 tae I59 darwini Chalcides 80 Enyalius II7 Ophryoesso i des 213 Liolaemus 182 Liolaemus 182 Enyalus II7 Ptychoglossus 244 Epaphelus I37 darwini i Pantodactylus 217 festiva Amphisbaena 3" dorsalis ervingi Ameiva 21 Stenocercus Amphisbaena darwini i 3O Monoplocus 3 256 Ameiva festiva 22 Cubinia I36 dorsistriata erythrogaster festivus Oiplolaemus 110 Arthrosaura 75 Brachysaurus 213 Cnem idophorus 21 Gymnodactylus gecl

136 Mabuia I98 Ophryoesso i des 213 Barissia 14 Homonota 146 Mabuya I98 espeuti fischeri Liolaemus 182 Doryphorus 273 Cnem idophorus Ji Ameiva ameiva I9 Proctotretus 182 Ooryura 140 Endactylus 43 fitzgeraldi Taraguira 27O dovii Eulaemus I7O Liolaemus 182 Dasyderma 135 Eublepharis 97 eulaemus f itzingeri daudini Dracaena 111 Anolis 53 Laemanctus 42 Colobus 81 dracoena Eulepis 154 Liolaemus 182 deborrei Lacerta 111 Euleptes 222 f itzingeri i Laemanctus 153 Dracontopsis 43 Eulophus 212 Proctotretus 182 Laemanctus longipes 153 Draconura 43 Eumeces II9 fitzroii deceml ineatus Oryophilus II7 Eunotus 43 Ortholaemus 195 Cnemidophorus 93 dubia Euprepes I97 flagellifer decodon Amphisbaena 3I, 32 Euprepis I97 Centrura 227 Centropyx I52 dumerilii Eupristes 43 flava Deiroptyx 43 Ophryoesso ides 215 Eurhous 140 Amphisbaena 32 dejongi dunn i Eurylepis II9 flavescens Neusticurus 2O7 M icrablepharus 2O3 Euspondylus 120 Amphisbaena 29 deppii Sphaerodactylus 252 eutropia Bachia 80 Cnemidophorus 93 duquei Ameiva 22 Chalcides 80 Cnemidophorus deppii 93 Anadia 40 Eutropis I97 flaviceps deserticola duseni exsul Doryphorus 274 Mabuya 200 Tupinambis 27I Hemidactylus 143 Uracentron 274 devillei extremus f lav imaculatum Anolis 53 E Anolis 65 Lepidophyma l62 D iaphoranol is 43 Anolis roquet 65 Lepidophyma flavimac- Diastemalepis 244 Echinosaura 112 Exypnestes 27I ulatum l62

~~Dicrodon IO7 Ecphymatotes 233 f lav i punctata difficilis Ecpleopus II3 F Aporomera 88~~

~~Stenocercus 256 ecpleopus f lav i puncta tus Dinosaura I35 Neusticurus 2O7 falconensis Callopistes 88 Diphalus 26 edracantha Gonatodes I32 fluminensis~~

~~Diploglossus 108 Ameiva 21 Gonatodes caud i scutatus Arthroseps 76~~

~~Diplolaemus 110 eduardof ischer i I32 formosus Discodactylus 222 Phyllodactylus 225 fantasticus Liocephalus 214~~

~~Sphaerodactylus 257 Ophryoesso i des 214 1~~

~~285 FRAG- HOLM~~

fragilis Gerrhonotus 12$ guaporicola hasemanni Hemidactylus 141 Gerrhopygus 222 Mabuya I95 Gonatodes I33 fraseri gerrhopygus gua temalens i s hatcheri Akleistops Anolis 53 Diplodactylus 223 I63 Liolaemus 18$ Ecpleopus (Proctoporus) Phyllodactylus 223 guayaqu i lens i s heathi 121 gibbiceps Phyllodactylus 224 Amphisbaena 33 frenata Anolis $4 guentheri Mabuya I99 Emoea I58 gillii Ecpleopus ( Euspondylus) helgae Mabuya I98 Gonatodes I34 121 Gonatodes I36 Mabuya frenata I58 girardi Euspondylus 121 heliactin frenatus Gymnodactylus I36 Liocephalus 214 Anolis 66 Ophryoesso ides 214 Anolis 53 glabella Helocephalus IO3 Hemidactylus 141 Cercosaura (Urosaura) Oreosaurus 235 Heloderma I39 frontatus 229 Proctoporus 239 Hemidactylus 140 Anolis 58 glabellum Sceloporus 247 hemprichii fugax Placosoma 229 Uracentron 274 Lep idosternon I69 Lep idoblephari s sancta- glaucurus Urocentrum 274 Heremites 197 martae I6O Micrablepharus 2O3 guianense Herinia I97 fuliginosa glaucus Leposoma I65 hernandesii Amphisbaena 3I Sphaerodactylus 252 guianensis Chamaeleops is 101 Amphisbaena fuliginosa 32 Sphaerodactylus glaucus Dracaena 111 Corytophanes 101 fulvus 252 Pseudogonatodes 243 hernandezii Gerrhonotus 126 glieschi guidichaudi Corythophanes 101 Homonota 146guimara Gerrhonotus moreletii 126 Liolaemus I9I Herpetochalc i s 78 guimaraesi Sceloporus 25O Glyptoderma 26 Heteroclon i um 78 furvus godeti Coleodactylus 96 Heterodactylus 144 Pseudogonatodes 242 Anolis 43 guntheri Heteroderma 43 fuscoauratus godmani ^^Anolis 59 heterodermus guntheri Anolis 53 Anolis 54 Anolis 219

Lep i dosternon Anolis fuscoauratus 54 goetschi 168 Phenacosaurus 219 fuscus Liolaemus I83 guttata Heterolepis 43 Gonatodes albogularis I3I Gonatodes I27 Ameiva I9 heterolepis guttulatum Liolaemus 182 Gonioptychus 244 Cnem i dophorus (Aspido- Stenodactylus I3I goodridgii Dicrodon IO7 f>celis) IO7 Lophosaura 84 guttulatus Dicrodon IO7 G gorgonae Basiliscus 84 Enyalioides 114 Anolis 54 gutturosa Enyalus 114 gabbiana goyazensis Lacerta 25 Tropidurus 268 Amiva 23 Phyllopezus 226 gutturosus Tropidurus peruvianus galgeae gracilipes Polychrus 233 268 Polychrus gutturosus Ameiva undulata 24 Anolis 54 heterophol i dotus 23* gaigei gracilis Anolis 55 Gymnodactylus Anolis 68 Alopoglossus 279 I35 heteropus gymnodactylus Cnemidophorus lemnisca- Amphisbaena 33 Bachia 80 tus 94 Anolis 64 Gecko I35 Chalcides 80 Gaigeia 162 Liolaemus I83 Gymnogomph i us 27I Heterotropis 254 galeritus Proctotretus I83 Gymnophthalmus I37 heterozonata Basiliscus 84 grandensis gymnopygus Amphisbaena 3I Phyllodactylus garbei Cnemidophorus 93 223 Amphisbaena darwini Anolis 5* grandis 3I Garbesaura I23 Cubina 277 ^ heterurus Garbesaura I23 Xenosaurus 277 Phyllodactylus 223 Garthia 124 granosa haenchi hexaspis Gastrotropis 43 Hemidactylus 142 Leiocephalus 214 Hemidactylus 141 haensch gaudichaudii granuliceps h i eroglyph i cus Ecpleopus 113 Anolis 55 Liocephalus 214 Liolaemus I83 Garthia 124 graphica Ophryoesso i des hispida haguei Gymnodactylus 124 Lacerta I9 Agama 265 Homonota 124 gravenhorsti Anolis 52 hispidus Anolis Geckoella I35 Liolaemus I83 crassulus 52 Tropidurus 265 haitianus geckoides gravenhorst i i hoffmanni

Hemidactylus brook i i Gymnodactylus 135 Leiodera 183 Anolis 55 Gymnodactylus geckoides grayii 1*1 hogei hancocki 135 Lepidosternon I69 Amphisbaena 33 gemmosus Por iodogaster 162 Celestus IO9 Amphisbaena darwini Hapalolepis 211 Anolis 54 grilli ^3 hartwegi gentilis Anisolepis 42 Holcosus I7 Anolis 47 Ophiodes 2O9 Ameiva undulata 24 holmbergi georgeensis groi hasemani Dicrodon IO7 Aristelliger 74 Morunasaurus 204 Gonatodes I33 holmgreni Idiodactylus 74 Prionodactylus 235 —

~~286 HOLO-LEPI~~

Holoderma I35 i ncompertus K Lampropholis 154 holotrop i s Anolis 56 lamprophol i s Anolis 60 Anolis incompertus 56 karach i ens i s Leiolopisma cherriei Tropidurus 23I i nconsp icuus Hemidactylus 143 155 Hombronia IJí Liolaemus I89 kempton i Lamprosaurus II9 homolep i s i raorb i tale nf Anolis 57 lanceolata Sphaerodactylus 252 Lep i dosternon I68 Kentropyx I5I Mabu la 200

~~Homonota I45 Leposternon I68 kingi later i str i ga~~

~~Hoplocercus 148 i ngeri L iolaemus I83 Tejus 19 Hoplopodion 140 Phyllodactylus tubei k ingi i Lathrogecko I58 horr ida culosus 225 Anops 70 lat iceps~~

¡ Ech nosaura 112 i ngu i nal i s Enyal ¡ o ides 114 L i olaemus I83 Echinosaura hórrida 112 Microlophus 268 Proctotretus I83 Enyalioides laticeps Homonota 146 ¡nornatus kn i ght i 115 horr i dum Hemidactylus 141 Amphisbaena 29 Enyalus 114

~~Heloderma i I35 i Lep ns ign s kock i i idosternon I69~~

~~Trachyderma I35 Anol Is 56 Arthrosaura 75 lat i f rons horr i dus i nsulae Pr ionodactylus 75 Anolis 57~~

~~Gymnodactylus 146 Enyal i o i des 114 koepkeorum lat if rontale houttuyn i I I nsulana Tropidurus occipitalis Lep i dosternon I68~~

Oiploglossus 108 Ame i va 20 267 lat i vi ttatus huebner i Liolaemus Ameiva bifrontata 20 kraepel i n i I78 202 Mesobaena i nsular i s Colobosaura 99 lativittis humeral i s Phyllodactylus 223 Perodactylus 99 Cnem i dophorus 93

Gonatodes I33 i i la ¡ ntermed kr i eg leach Gymnodactylus I33 Bachia 81 L ¡olaemus I83 Cnem i dophorus 93 M icrophractus i ntermed i i i 256 us kugler i leech Stenocercus 256 Anolis 56 Anolis 54 Enyal io ides 118 Sceloporus 249 Kentropyx 152 Anolis fuscoauratus 5^ Enyalius 118 hum ills Lep idoblephar i s 159 Ptychoglossus 245 leeseri Anolis Lep idodactylus I6I Amphisbaena 55 Tret lose i ncus bifascia- 33

~~i is Anol is hum 1 55 Ophiodes 207 tus 262 le ighton ¡ Cercosaura ')! 181 Proctotretus kuhlman i Hemidactylus 141 h ygom i Teius (Centropyx) I52 Liolaemus nigromacula- Le iodera I7O~~

~~i Cnem dophorus 55 I ophyro i des tus 190 Leiogerrhon 14 Tropidurus 265 Iguana I49 Leiolopisma kuhlmann i 154 Hylosaurus l54 Iphlsa 150 Liolaemus nigromacula- Leiosaurus I56~~

~~Hyperanodon 23O i razuens i s tus 190 Lelurus 140 hypost i ctus Sceloporus 248 1 emn i sea ta~~

~~Proctoporus 239 i ridescens Lacerta 93 Hypsibates 23O Liocephalus 214 lemn iscatus Hypsilophus 149, 230 Ophryoesso ides 214 Anolis lab ial i s 57~~

~~i i rregular s Gecko 161 Cnem ¡ dophorus 93~~

Anolis 63 lacert ino ides Cnem i dophorus lemni- Aristelliger ]i scatus Cnem idophorus 93 9* Id i odactylus ]i Istiocercus L i olaemus I83 43 lacert i ñus Iguana I49 i xbaac Crocodilurus 102 lemur i ñus i guana Leiolopisma cherriei 1 55 Tupinambis 102 Anolis 57 Iguana I49 Lygosoma assatum Anolis lemurinus 155 lacerto i des 5^ Iguana iguana I49 lent i g i nosus Cnem i dophorus 93 Lacerta I49 lacertus Anolis 51 i hering i i Oreosaurus 238 Cnem ¡ dophorus IO7 Anisolepis 42 jacaré Laemanctus 153 lentus Enyalius 118 Anolis 56 Laemopristus 2é4 L iolaemus 221 i mbrica tus Jacob i lacta lenzi Heterodactylus 144 Anol is 66 Ameiva I9 Liolaemus I87

~~Sphaerodactylus 252 jama icens is Ameiva ameiva I9 leopard i ñus Sphaerodactylus lineola- Tiliqua 109 laev icaudus Diplolaemus 110 tus 252 L i james i olaemus I83 Tret i ose i ncus I38~~

~~I mpet i gosus Liolaemus leopardinas Ctenoblephar i s IO3 laev i s Anolis 56 184 javan leus Anolis 57 i naequal i s Hemidactylus (Pnoepus¡ Gecko 261 L i osaurus 110~~

Phyllodactylus i 223 141 Oreosaurus 239 Lep idoblephar s I58 i ncanescens jobert i Proctoporus 239 Lep idodactylus I6I Gekko 142 Mabuya Lepidophyma l62 I98 Scytomycterus 57 i ncertum jul i en i lep i dopygus laev i ventr is Leiolopisma Diplodactylus 224 155 Phyllodactylus 224 Anolis 57 Lygosoma I55 jun i nens i s Phyllodactylus 224 Dactyloa (Anolis) 57 incertus Stenocercus Lepidosoma l64 255 lagart i ja Gymnodactylus I33 Kentropyx I52 Lep i dosternon I67 287 LEPl-MEYE

marmorata Lepisoma l64 long icaudus macrolep i s Anolis Argalia Leposoma 164 Cnem i dophorus 3* 55 73 Leposternon I67 long iceps Tropidurus 265 Lacerta 234 Leposternum I67 Hemidactylus 141 macrophallus Norops 60 Anol is Phrynosaura 221 leptophrys long i crus 52 marmoratus Ame iva 23 Anolis 51 Macrophol i dus 201 macropus Leiosaurus 221 Am i va 23 long i pes Liolaemus I5I leptoscel i s Anolis 50 Anolis 58 Polychrus 234 Anolis 58 Laemanctus 153 macrorhyncha Leptosternon I67 Lophopholis 140 Mabuya 200 Seps 272 Stenocercus 256 lessonae Lophosaura 83 macula ta Trachycyclus 256 Diploglossus 108 Lophyrus 275 Ameiva I5 marsup ial i s M ¡crolophus 268 lorenzmuelleri Ameiva ameiva I5

~~Anol i s i 1 i s leucocephala Liolaemus 185 Mabuya 200 hum 56~~

mart in i Amphisbaena 33 lorenzmülleri T iliqua 200 Phyllodactyius 224 leucost Ictus Liolaemus 185 maculatum Phyllodactylus 224 Euspondylus 121 lover idge i Lepidophyma I63 mattogrossens i s Prionodactylus 121 Anolis 53 maculatus Amphisbaena leucost i gma Loxopholis 164 Callopistes 88 33 Gymnodactylus 146 Ame i va IO7 luc iae Callopistes maculatus ligiae Mabuia 200 88 max im i 1 ian i Gymnophthalmus 2O3 Gonatodes I32 luctuosus Cnem i dophorus I3 Lep idosternon I68 1 im i f rons Ecpleopus (Oreosaurus) Euspondylus 121 Micrablepharus 2O3 Anolis 58 235 Gymnodactylus I3O mayens i s Anolis limifrons 58 Proctoporus 233 macul i ventr! s

~~Anol i s sagre ¡ 65 1 i nden i lugubri s Anolis 60~~

~~m e i j e r i Anolis 55 Lep idodactylus I6I magellan i cus I6I 1 Ineata Platydactylus I6I Liolaemus I85 Hemidactylus melanocephala Ame iva ')i lunae i Proctotretus I85~~

i va i va I5 Bach! a 81 Sceloporus 247 mag ister Ame ame Bachia lineata 81 Sceloporus acanthinus Phyllodactylus 224 melanopleurus Tropidurus 266 Lacerta I37 247 magn if i ca melanops 1 ineatus lundelli Amphisbaena J2 Liolaemus 182 Anolis 55 Sceloporus 247 magnus melanopygus Gymnophthalmus 137 Sceloporus lundelli 248 Phyllodactylus 225 Stenocercus 257 L i olaemus I5I lund i i Phyllodactylus tubercu-

melanorh i ñus Sphaerodactylus 252 Heterodactylus 144 losus 225 Sceloporus 245 1 i neogular i s lunulatus ma jor meleagr is L i ocephalus 213 Lepidoblepharis 243 Liolaemus pictus 133 Proctoporus 235 i 1 neolatus Pseudogonatodes 243 malach i t icus Sphaer ¡odactylus 252 lutzae Sceloporus 248 Menetia I3 i^entalis 1 i neomaculatus Bogertia 85 Sceloporus malachiticus Liolaemus I85 Ecpleopus 225 248 Colobosaura 55 mer ianae 1 iocephalo i des L i olaemus I85 mam inens is Scartiscus 213 Lygisaurus 154 Tropidurus peruvianus Salvator 272 Liodeira I70 Lygodactylus I56 268 mer id i onal i s Anolis 60 1 iogaster Lygosomella 154 managuae Polychrus 234 Eumeces II5 Coleodactylus 56 142 Liogerrhon 14 M man icata Geko Sphaerodactylus 56 L i olaemus I70 Cercosaura (Prionodact)

~~merrem i i 1 i onotus mabou ¡a lus) 235 Gymnophthalmus Anisolepis 42 Gecko 142 man icatus 137~~

mertens i Anolis 55 Hemidactylus 142 Prionodactylus 235 Llosaurus I56 Mabcuya I57 Prionodactylus mani- Amphisbaena 33 Gastropholis I52 L iosc incus 154 mabouya catus 236 Sphaerodactylus L ip in ia 252 154 Lacertus I55 mann i mertens i i litterata Mabuya 153 Callopistes maculatus Amphisbaena Lacerta 25 Mabuya mabouya 155 83 33 Mesaspis 125 L iurus 140 Mabuia I57 marcelae Mesobaena 202 1 i V idus mabu ia Bachia 81 metall ica Proctoporus 240 Gecko 142 Bachia lineata 81 Anadia 40 is lobens Mabuiopsis 157 margar i taceus Anadia metallica 40 Phyllodactylus 224 Mabuya 157 Lophyrus 118 Mabuya 200 lombocens i s mabuya mar ianus

metall i cus Lep i dodactylus I6I Hemidactylus (lachy- Prionodactylus 236 Anolis 68 long icauda bates) 142 Tropidurus peruvianus Chalcidolepis 40 Ame iva 5'' macrocepfialum 268 mex icanus Anolis 53 Lep i dosternon I68 mar iarum Corythophanes 101 Aptycholaemus. 72 macrodactylus Anolis 60 meyeri long i caudatus Morops 48 Mariguana 43 Proctoporus 238 Urocentrum 256 s

288 MIAD-OCUL miadis molei N nitidus Ameiva festiva 24 Sphaerodactylus 253 Gymnophthalmus 137 Ameiva undulata 24 monitor nannodes Llolaemus I5I Micrablepharus 203 Tupinambis 272 Anolis 60 Tropidurus I5I nasicus Microblepharus I3 Monoplocus 3 nitzschii m icrocephalum monotropis Anolis 64 Draconura 48 Leposternon I68 Diploglossus IO5 nasofrontal is Norops 43 microcephalus Scincus IO5 Anolis 6I notopholis Leposternon I68 montanus nattereri Anolis 62 Microctenus 43 Celestus 5O Eumeces (Mabouya) I58 novocaledon icus Microdactylus 78, 140 Liolaemus signifer I87 neglecta Cryptoblepharus bou- Amphisbaena tonii I3 rn icrolep idotus montícola 34 Tropidurus 27O Liolaemus 186 neglectus novohebr id i cus Microlepis 9O Liolaemus montícola 186 Peropus I6I Cryptoblepharus bou- microlepis monticolus neotrop ical is tonii I3 141 140 Enyalioides II5 Gerrhonotus 125 Hemidactylus Nubilia Enyalius 115 montium neovidanus nuchalis Lathrogecko I6O Ecpleopus (Phol idobolus) Polychrus 234 Basiliscus (Cristasau- Microlophus 264 22O neuquensis ra) 84 microlophus Pholidobolus 220 Liolaemus altissimus nummifer Tropidurus 268 moradoensis 180 Anolis 51 micropholis Liolaemus altissimus Neusticurus 2O5 Liolaemus 180 ^gg Neveui M icrophractus 254 moreleti Liolaemus variabilis microphyllus Gerrhonotus 125 ^^^ obesus Phyllodactylus 224 nicefori Proctoporus 238 moreleti i micropunctatus Anadia 245 obscurum Gerrhonotus moreleti i Liolaemus tenuis 195 126 Anolis 6I Lepidophyma flavimac- M icroscalabotes I96 Morethia I3 Anolis incompertus 6I ulatum I63 Phenacosaurus microtus morio 219 obtus i rostr is Anolis 60 Chrysosaurus I92 Ptychoglossus 245 Anolis 49 mildei Morunasaurus 204 niceforoi Laemanctus 42 Amphisbaena 3I mosaicus Ameiva festiva 22 occidentalis m illepunctatus Proctotretus I83 niger Ameiva festiva 22 Diploglossus 109 motaguae Proctotretus I95 Amphisbaena 34 Sphaeriodactylus nigricauda 253 Cnem idophorus 95 Amphisbaena occidenta- Sphaerodactylus 253 muelleri Amphisbaena 3* lis 34 minima Hylosaurus I65 nigriceps occipitalis Iguana 149 mulleri C tenoblephari s 104 Aneuporus 266 minimus Phyllodactylus 225 Helocephalus 104 Liolaemus I9I Cnemidophorus 95 mult icar inatus nigricolor Tropidurus 266 minor Polychrus (Chaunolae- Cnemidophorus 94 Tropidurus occipitalis Liolaemus nigroviridis mus) 234 Cnemidophorus lemnisca- 266 191 multicolor ^"S 94 ocellata

Mionyx 164 n grocollar 1 Liolaemus signifer I9I 1 Anadia 41 minus multiformis *9ama 265 Aporomera 88 Anolis 60 Liolaemus 186 n i grofasc iatus Cercosaura 9I mitchell! Liolaemus multiformis Phyllodactylus 224 Cercosaura ocellata 9I Amphisbaena Ji ^gj n i grol ineatus ocellatus mitratus Proctotretus 186 Anolis 6I Cnemidophorus 102

Basiliscus 84 n i gromaculatus Cyrtodactylus 133 mult i 1 ineatus Brachydactylus Liolaemus I87 Gonatodes I33 97 Cnemidophorus 94 Coleonyx 97 mult imaculatus L iolaemus n i gromacula- Neust i curus 2O7 mitrella Liolaemus I87 ^us I89 ocellifer Cristasaura 84 Proctotretus 187 Tropidurus 187 Cnemidophorus 95 mocquardi nigropalmata Euspondylus 121 mult i puncta tus Enyalioides 114 Leiosaurus 106 Mabuya 200 Oreosaurus 239 Liolaemus I85 mult iscuta tus n i gropuncta tus Pri onodactylus 121 "'0'^^^^^ Gymnophthalmus I37 Scincus 199 Teius 95 Colobosaurus 99 Tupinambis 27I ochrocollar is munoa i modestus Amphisbaena 34 nigroroseus Lophyrus 23I Gerrhonotus 125 murinus Liolaemus nigroviridis Plica umbra 23I Liolaemus 185 I?! ockenden i Cnemidophorus 95 Perodactylus 99 Cnemidophorus murinus nigroviridis Pri onodactylus 236 Proctotretus I79 Liolaemus I9O octostegum ^^ monodactylus Liolaemus nigroviridis Seps 95 Lep idosternon I69 Bachia 81 Myophila I54 19° Leposternon I69 Chalcides 81 mysorensis n i tens oculata "•osstus Peripia I6I Anolis 6I Ameiva 88 Gecko 161 Anolis n i tens 6I Stenocercus 257 Draconura 61 289

~~OCUL - POLL~~

oculatus pachypus pasteuri petrei Ecpleopus 235 Anolis 62 Gymnodactylus (Gymno- Amphisbaena 35 Proctoporus 239 pachyura dactylus) 146 pfefferi Oedicoryphus 83 Amphisbaena 25 Homonota 146 Lep i dosternon I69 oligoporus pachyurus patagonicus pfrimeri Cnemidophorus deppei 93 Proctoporus 239 Phymaturus 227 Sphaerodactylus 96 Oligosoma 154 pacificus Phymaturus palluma 22/ phacophorus olivácea Sphaerodactylus 253 paulensis Di scodactylus 224 Argalia 73 palearis Centropyx I52 Phalangoptyon 43 Emminia 9I Ctenosaura II6 Kentropyx I52 Phenacosaurus 219 olivaceus phoecaena Enyal i osaurus II6 paulinae Tropidurus 181 pallidiceps Liolaemus I92 Lep idosternon 168 olloporus Bachia 81 paulista Pholidobolus 220

Sceloporus variabilis 25O Brachypus 81 Enyalius catenatus 118 Phol idoscel i s I7 onca pallidus pectinatus Phrynosaura 221 Norops 263 Proctotretus I89 Proctotretus 241 Phyllodactylus 222 Trop idodactylus 263 palluma peltigerus Phyllopezus 226 Oneyda 90 Lacerta 227 Hyperanodon 23I phyllorhinus onychocephalum Phymaturus 227 pelviceps Anolis 63 Lepidosternum 168 Phymaturus palluma 227 Centropyx I52 Phymaturus 227 Onychopus 140 palmeri Kentropyx I52 picta Ophiodes 209 Anolis 62 penai Agama 118 Ophiognomon 211 Echinosaura 112 Garthia 124 picticeps

oph i ophthalmum Echinosaura hórrida 112 pentaprion Leposoma 245 Lepidophyma I63 Pri onodactylus 236 Anolis 62 Ptychoglossus 245 Lepidophyma flavimacu- palmeus Anolis pentaprion 62 pictus latum 163 Phyllodactylus 224 peraccae Enyalius 118 Ophryesa 275 palpebralis Anolis 63 Liolaemus I92 Ophryessa Enyalioides Liolaemus 275 II5 Lep idoblephar i s I59 pictus I92 Ophryoessa 275 Enyalius II5 percarinatum Proctotretus I92

Ophryoesso i des 212 palpebrosus Leposoma I65 Tropidurus 266 Ophyessa 275 Anolis 58 percarinatus Placopsis 43 Opipeuter 216 pamplonensis Corytophanes 101 Placosoma 228 orcesi Anadia 39 Hylosaurus I65 planiceps Ameiva 23 panamensis perfoliatus Anolis 5I Oreosaurus 237 Anolis 62 Stellio 26l Enyalus II5 orientalis Echinosaura 112 pergravis platei Leposoma southi 166 Echinosaura hórrida 112 Mabuya 200 Liolaemus 193 Liolaemus annectens 187 Panolopus 90 Mabuya mabouya 200 Liolaemus platei I93 ornata panoplia pericensis Platynotus 264 Ameiva ameiva I9 Bachia 82 Amphisbaena 35 Platypholis II9 Aporomera 88 panthera Perodactylus 99 Pleistodon II9 Peripia I6I Lophyrus 23I peruana Plestiodon II9 ornatissima pantherinus Bachia 82 pleurotaenia Saccodeira 257 Liolaemus I92 peruanus Ameiva I9 ornatissimus Pantodactylus 217 Cnemidophorus IO7 Plica 23O Stenocercus 257 papuensis Cophias 82 plica ornatus Peripia 141 peruvianus Lacerta 23O Leiocephalus 214 paraguayens is Hemidactylus 142 Plica 23O Liolaemus I9I Dracaena 111 Polychroides 232 plicatus Ophryoessoides 214 Paraloma 83 Stellio 267 Alopoglossus 245 Ortholaemus I70 paramoensis Tropidurus 267 Ptychoglossus 245 ortonii Phenacosaurus 219 Tropidurus peruvianus Plistodon II9 Anolis 62 parietale 267 plúmbea Amphisbaena oshaughnessy i Leposoma I65 petenensis 35 Enyalioides II5 parietalis Cnemidophorus angusti- plumifrons Enyalius II5 Mionyx I65 ceps 92 Basiliscus 84 Prionodactylus 235 Pariocela II9 petersi Pnoepus 140 oxycephalus parkeri Cercosaura ocellata 9I Pod i nema 27I

~~Gonatodes I59 Bachia 82 Gonatodes I33 poeci loch ! lus Lep idoblephar is I59 Pantodactylus schrei- Lep idosternon I68 Gerrhonotus 73~~

Tropidurus I89 bersii 218 Ecpleopus (Oreosaurus) poec i lopleurus oxylophus Paroedura 222 240 Ablepharus I3 Ablepharus boutonii Anolis 59 paronae petersi i Oxytropis 197 Aperopristis I57 Ameiva I9 13 Leiosaurus 157 Ameiva ameiva I9 poecilopus P parva Anolis 63 Anolis 63 Ameiva undulata 24 Petra I3 pollicaris Pachycercus 148 parvauritus petraei Phyllopezus 226 Pachylobronchus I7 Anolis biporcatus 49 Amphisbaena 35 Phyllopezus pollicaris 226 s

~~290 POLL-SANC pollicaris pulchella rapicaudus rosea Thecadactylus 226 Anadia 41 Thecadactylus 26l Amphisbaena 25~~

Polychnus 233 pulcher refulgens rose i ventri Polychroides 232 Liolaemus I5I Anolis 6I Stenocercus 257 Polychrus 233 pulchra reichi! rosenberg! Polycrus 233 Ame iva 24 Phrynosaura 221 Anolis 48 polygramm ica Ameiva undulata 24 reissii roseus Amphisbaena 35 pulchriceps Phyllodactylus 224 Peropus I6I polylepis Anolis 58 renggerii rostratum Anolis 63 pumilis Centropyx I52 Lep idosternum I68 polystego ides Hemidactylus 141 resplendens rothi Leposternon I69 punctata Diploglossus 108 Liolaemus 193 polystegum Amphisbaena I68 reticulata rozei Lep idosternon I69 Tiliqua 200 Arthrosaura 75 Amphisbaena 36 Leposternon I69 Trachylepis (Xystro- Cercosaura (Pantodactyl-rozellae Poriodogaster 162 lepis) 200 us) 75 Celestus 90 praeornatus punctat iss ¡ma reticulatum ruatanus Tropidurus 268 Mabouya 200 Lepidophyma I63 Cnem idophorus lemn!- praesignis Liolaemus tenuis I95 Lepidophyma flavimac- scatus 9^^ Ameiva ameiva 20 punctatus ulatum I63 rubiginosus Cnem idophorus 20 Anolis 64 rhinolopha Anolis 59 praestabilis Anolis punctatus 64 Iguana iguana I49 rubricauda Enyalioides II5 Hemidactylus 141 rhinolophus Gymnophthalmus 137

Enyalius II5 Hypsibatus 23O Iguana (Hyps i lophus) rudis prasinus purpurescens 149 l^eusticurus 2O7 Proctotretus I92 Anolis 64 Rhinosaurus 43 rufescens pretrei rhodogaster Tejus 27I Amphisbaena 35 Q Liocephalus 213 Tupinambis 27I pretrii rhodomelas rugiceps Amphisbaena 214 Leposoma I65 35 quadr i 1 i neata Liocephalus prezygus Ameiva 23 Ophryoessoides 214 Loxopholis 155 Sceloporus 249 Lacerta I37 rhombifer ruibali princeps Anolis Liolaemus quadr i 1 ineatus 65 194

Anolis 63 Cercosaura ( Pantodactyl- Cercosaura 41 ruthveni Prionodactylus 235 uj) 217 Coloptychon 100 Ameiva 23 Prionodus 149 Cnem idophorus 23 Gerrhonotus 100 Anolis 56 Pristicercus 43 Pantodactylus 217 Lophyrus 118 Cnem i dophorus murinus proboscis quadri vi ttata rhombifera 95

Anolis 63 Steirolepis 268 Anadia 41 Lep i doblephar i s I59 Proctoporus 237 quadri vi ttatus Rhytidodeira I7O Macrophol idus 201 Proctotretus 241 Tropidurus peruvianus Riama 237 rutteni Propus 211 268 richteri Phyllodactylus 225 proximus quaggulus Phenacosaurus 219 Liolaemus (Saccodeira) Anolis 55 ridleyi S 185 qu inquecarinata Amphisbaena J6 prunicolor Cyclura 116 Stenolepis 258 sagrae Amphisbaena i rivieri 35 qu nquecar i natus Anolis 65 Amphisbaena prunicolor Enyal iosaurus II6 Anolis 58 sagrae!

~~36 r ix i Anol is 65 Aporarchus 35 R Anolis 59 sagrei przewalskii roberti Anolis 65 Phyllopezus 226 racenisi Amphisbaena J6 salinicola~~

Phyllopezus pollicaris Neusticurus 2O7 robertmertens i Tropidurus peruvianus 226 rackhami Liolaemus I93 269 Pseudoameiva I5I Xenosaurus 277 robustos sallaei Pseudogonatodes 242 Xenosaurus grandis 277 Hemidactylus 143 Anolis 66 pseudot igrinus radiata rodriguezii salvadorens is Anolis 64 Amphisbaena alba 29 Anolis 59 Gerrhonotus 126 Ptenosaura 83 radulinus Anolis limifrons 59 Gerrhonotus moreletii

~~Pterogastenes 125 Anolis 64 roeschmann i 126~~

~~Pterogasterus I25 i raf ael i Cnem dophorus 18 Salvator 27I~~

~~Ptychodeira I7O Gerrhonotus moreletii roman i salvini~~

Ptychoglossus 244 126 Tret iosc i ncus 262 Anolis 65 Ptychonotus 43 rahmi roquensis salvini i Ptychopleura 23O Euspondylus 121 Gonatodes vittatus I34 Sceloporus 246 ptychopleurus Prionodactylus 121 roquet sanctaemartae Tropidurus I95 ramonensis Anolis 65 Lathrogecko I59 Ptychosaurus 23O Liolaemus leopardinus Lacerta 65 Lep i doblephari s 159 Ptygoderus 241 ^84 rosaurae Lep i doblephari s sanct- Puellula 135 rapicauda Sphaerodactylus 253 aemartae 160 Gekko 261 291 SAPl-TAUN

sap id i ss ima sexscutata spinalis strangulatus Iguana 145 Ame iva 23 Prionodactylus 122 Euspondylus 2O7 Sarea 26 slirevei spinosus Neusticurus 2O7 Sauridis 1/0 Proctoporus 240 Doryphorus 255 Neusticurus strangula- Sauroscincus 154 S iderolamprus 5^^ Hoplocercus 148 tus 2O7 Scalabotes I56 sieversi spinulosus strauchi scapularis Liolaemus nigromacu- Gonatodes 133 Lep idosternum 168 Anolis 65 latus I50 Gonyodactylus ( Dasy- striata Gymnodactylus 57 signifer derma) I35 Lacerta 152 Liocephalus 214 Liolaemus 154 Microlophus 265 striatus

Ophryoesso i des 214 Proctotretus 15* Tropidurus 265 Ecpleopus (Oreosaurus) Sphaerodactylus 253 silvestrii spitzi 240 scapulatus Amphisbaena 3^ Elaphrosaura 225 Kentropyx I52 Cupriguanus 106 similis spixi Ophiodes 2O7 Leiosaurus 106 Ctenosaura IO5 Amphisbaena 38 Proctoporus 240

Scartiscus 212 Ctenosaura similis IO5 spixi i Pygopus 2O7 IO5 Sceloporus 246 Iguana (Ctenosaura) Cyrtodactylus 135 strig i ventr is Scelotrema 254 simonsii Gongylus (Eumeces) I55 Polychrus 234 schlegeli Euspondylus 121 Platydactylus 226 Strobilurus 25^ Bachia 82 Liolaemus I87 splendidus stuarti Chalcides 82 Liolaemus multiformis Proctotretus 241 Anolis 60 schmidti I87 Spondylurus 157 Sceloporus melano- Ctenoblepharis 104 Stenocercus 257 spurcus rhinus 245 Sceloporus 248 simoterus Phymaturus 227 subocularis schreibersii Emphrassotis 240 spurelli Amphisbaena 35 Cercosaurus 217 Proctoporus 240 Amphisbaena 37 sulcatus

~~Pantodactylus 217 sinaitus spurrell i Gon i odactylus 133 Pantodactylus schreibers- Hemidactylus 143 Polychrus 234 sulcifrons~~

~~i i 217 siniferus spurrellii Anolis 62 schroederi Sceloporus 243 Polychrus gutturosus sumichrast! Liolaemus I54 Sceloporus siniferus 234 Epaphelus I38~~

~~Schwartz i i 245 squaraatulus Eumeces II5 Eumeces II5 sinuosum Anolis 67 Gymnophthalmus speci- Scincella 154 Lep idosternon I65 squamosa osus I38 scincoides sladeniae Iguana 145 Plistodon II5~~

Leposoma I65 Norops 60 squamosus supere i 1 iari s scolecoides slateri Sceloporus 25O Trachycyclus 265 Bachia 82 Amphisbaena 37 squamulatus superciliosa Scolecosaurus 78 slevini Anolis 67 Lacerta 275 scutata Amphisbaena 37 stantoni Ophryoessa 275 Cnem idophorus 5* smaragdinus Proctotretus I83 Uranoscodon ¿75 scutigera Sceloporus 248 steinbachi surinamensis 248 Amphisbaena I65 Sceloporus formosus Anolis 67 Alopoglossus cop i i I5 scutigerum Sceloporus malachiti- ste i ndachneri Euprepis 200 Leposternon I65 cus 248 Amphisbaena 37 Gecko 261 scut ipunctatus sminthus Amphisbaena steindach- Neusticurus 2O7 Tapinurus 265 Anolis 66 neri 37 Seps I5 scypheus smithii Steirolepis 264 Anolis 66 Lepidophyma I63 Steironotus 254 T Scytomycterus 43 Lepidophyma flavimacu- stejnegeri sebastiani latum I63 Amphisbaena 38 Tachybates 140 Tupinambis teguixin 272 Taraguira 265 Plica 265 taeniata seemanni solifer stellaris Leposoma I65 Ptenosaura 84 Anolis 45 Agama 275 taeniocnemis seigliei solitarius Stenocercus 254 Sceloporus 248 Gonatodes 133 Anolis 67 Stenolepis 258 Sceloporus malachiti- semitaeniata south! stenolepis cus 248 Agama 265 Leposoma I65 Euspondylus 122 talpa sem i taen iatus Leposoma southi I66 steyeri Bachia 82 Tropidurus 265 speciosa Anadia 41 taniae

Semiurus 43 Blephar i ct i s is I38 stigmosus Gonatodes 133 septeml ineata speciosus Anolis 68 Tapinurus 264 Ameiva 23 Gymnophthalmus I38 Stirolepis 264 Taraguira 264 sericeus Gymnophthalmus speci- stolzmani tarapacensis Anolis 66 osus 138 Ctenoblepharis 104 Tropidurus 263 Anolis sericeus 66 Sphaeriodactylus 25I stolzmanni tatei serrifer Sphaerodactylus 25I Ctenoblepharis 104 Arthrosaura 208 Sceloporus 245 Sphaerops 233 Tropidurus 267 Neusticurus 208 Sceloporus serrifer 245 Sphenocephalus I67 Tropidurus occipitalis taunayi Sesquipes IS spinalis 267 Colobodactylus 38 Euspondylus 122 292 TEAP-VIRI

teapensis trachodus tuberculosus valdivianus Sceloporus 25O Neusticurus strangula- Phyllodactylus 225 Leiosaurus 2/6 Teguixm 27I ^^3 20/ Phyllodactylus tuber- valeriae *^9"""'" trachura' culosus 225 Urostrophus 2/6 Lacer.ta 2/2 Amphisbaena 3I tumbezanus vanzolinii Tupinambis 2/2 Amphisbaena darwinii Cnem idophorus IO7 Amphisbaena 38 Tupinambis teguixin 2/2 ^^ Tupinambis 27I varia Teius 260 trachycephalus turcica Amphisbaena 32 Tejaporus I7 Holotropis 214 Lacerta 142 Amphisbaena fuliginosa Tejovaranus 88 Ophryoesso ides 214 turcicus 32 '^J" Hemidactylus 142 variabilis _ Trachycoelia 43 Ameiva 260 Trachycyclus 254 Hemidactylus turcicus Liolaemus I87 Tejus 260_ Trachyderma I39 142 Sceloporus 25O tenuifasciatus trachyderma turmalis Sceloporus variabilis Diploglossus 108 ^nolis 67 Anolis 51 25O ^®""'^ Trachygaster 151 Tutor 27I Stenocercus 257 Liolaemus I94 Trachylepis I57 tyleri variegatus L.olaemus tenuis I95 Leiocephalus (Cranio- Trachypeltis 125 Pantodactylus 75 Proctotretus I94 Trachypilus 43 Typhloblanus 26 P^His) 26? tessellatus transíase iatus Phyllodactylus 224 Anolis 56 Anolis 64 U varius tetrataenia transversal is Gonatodes I33 Mabuia 198 Gymnodactylus I33 ^^^j,,^ g^ y^bra ^7°" Stenocercus 257 , ^,„ Tret iosc incus 262 Lacerta 23O Lacerta 260 tricristatus Plica 23O Vasconcelos i i Teius 260 Ophryoessoides 215 P^'" ""-bra 23I Abroma 14 Teius 260 teyou tridactylus underwood! Gerrhonotus 14 Thecadactylus 261 Chalcides 80 Gymnophthalmus I38 vautieri Thecodactylus 26l trilineatus Homonota 146 Urostrophus 276 theconyx Chalcides 81 Underwood isaurus I35 Velernesia 140 Platydactylus 261 trinitatis undulata venezuelanus theresiae Anolis 68 Ameiva 23 Sphaerodactylus 253 Tropidurus 269 Anolis trinitatis 68 undulatus ventralis theresioides Phyllodactylus 225 gachia alleni 79 Anisolepis 42 Tropidurus 269 ventr imaculatus Scolecosaurus 79 Cnem idophorus 23 Anolis ^^r^^' trisanale Laemanctus 42 69 Ameiva undulata 24 Ophiognomon 211 unicarinatus Proctoporus 240 Tropidurus 27O tristis Tropidurus 231 veraepacis thoracica Hemidactylus 141 unicolor Anolis ustus 58 bteirolepis 27O Pachydactylus 26l Liolaemus I9I vermiculapis thoracicus tristriata Proctoporus 240 Amphisbaena 38 Tropidurus 27O Lacerta I9 Riama 240 vermiformis Thonctis 111 tritaeniatus uniformis Ophiognomon 211 Thysanodactylus 83 Pôpus 211 êjus I9 Anolis 56 Tiaporus I7 trochilus Anolis uniformis 56 verrucosus *'9'"'"V^ Anolis 58 unimarginata êcko I43 Anolis 67 Tropidocephalus 241 Mabuia 200 verruculatus 9|"'^ Gecl

~~293 V IR 1- ZONA~~

~~V i r ¡ d i ss ¡mus X¡phocercus 43~~

~~Anolis 64 X i pfiosurus 43~~

~~V ¡ r i d i str iga X ¡ phosurus Centropyx 152 Lophyrus 275 Kentropyx 152 Xiphura 273 V i ttata Xystrolepis 197 Anadia 41 Lacerta I52~~

~~V i ttatus~~

~~Bas i 1 1 scus 84 Centropyx I5I yacupo i Cnem i dophorus 55 Oph¡odes 210 Gonatodes 134 yucatan icus Gonatodes vittatus 134 Norops 68 Gymnodactylus 134 Hemidactylus 141~~

V i tt igerus Anolis (Dracontura) 58 zapallarens i s vogl i Liolaemus n¡gromacula- Ameiva ameiva 20 tus 190 vulgar is zerny i Ameiva I5 Coleodactylus 9^ Amphisbaena 32 zeylan ¡cus Iguana 149 Seps 19 zona tus W Enyal¡us 118 Liolaemus signifer 194 walkeri Liolaemus 1/9 Liolaemus alticolor 1/9 Wallsaurus 145 waiters Laemanctus 153 Laemanctus longipes 153 wellbornae Anol is ustus 66

Werner i Artiiroseps 76 Phrynosaura 221 Uracentron 2/4 whitii Homonota I47 w i ed i Amphisbaena fuliginosa 32 w iegmann i Oactyloa 57 w iegmann i i Liolaemus 195 Proctotretus I95 w ¡11 iams i Anol is 69 w ¡11 iamson ¡ Kentropyx I52 wood ¡ Anol¡s 69

~~Anol ¡s wood i 69 wucherer i Lep¡dosternon I69 Leposternon I69~~

~~xanthost igma Lathrogecl~~

~~Lep i doblephar is I6O Steirolep¡s 268 Xenosaurus 277 Xestosaurus 39 xestus Op¡peuter 216~~

~~U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTTNG OFFICE: 1970 O—369-215~~