Section 1: Land Use Planning
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Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom*
The Evolution of Culture and Institutions:Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom* Sara Lowes† Nathan Nunn‡ James A. Robinson§ Jonathan Weigel¶ 16 November 2015 Abstract: We use variation in historical state centralization to examine the impact of institutions on cultural norms. The Kuba Kingdom, established in Central Africa in the early 17th century by King Shyaam, had more developed state institutions than the other independent villages and chieftaincies in the region. It had an unwritten constitution, separation of political powers, a judicial system with courts and juries, a police force and military, taxation, and significant public goods provision. Comparing individuals from the Kuba Kingdom to those from just outside the Kingdom, we find that centralized formal institutions are associated with weaker norms of rule-following and a greater propensity to cheat for material gain. Keywords: Culture, values, institutions, state centralization. JEL Classification: D03,N47. *A number of individuals provided valuable help during the project. We thank Anne Degrave, James Diderich, Muana Kasongo, Eduardo Montero, Roger Makombo, Jim Mukenge, Eva Ng, Matthew Summers, Adam Xu, and Jonathan Yantzi. For comments, we thank Ran Abramitzky, Chris Blattman, Jean Ensminger, James Fenske, Raquel Fernandez, Carolina Ferrerosa-Young, Avner Greif, Joseph Henrich, Karla Hoff, Christine Kenneally, Alexey Makarin, Anselm Rink, Noam Yuchtman, as well as participants at numerous conferences and seminars. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Pershing Square Venture Fund for Research on the Foundations of Human Behavior and the National Science Foundation (NSF). †Harvard University. (email: [email protected]) ‡Harvard University, NBER and BREAD. (email: [email protected]) §University of Chicago, NBER, and BREAD. -
Blood Rubber*
Blood Rubber* Sara Lowes† Eduardo Montero‡ Bocconi University, IGIER, and CIFAR Harvard University 27 November 2017 Most Recent Version Here Abstract: We examine the legacy of one of the most extreme examples of colonial extraction, the rubber concessions granted to private companies under King Leopold II in the Congo Free State, the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. The companies used violent tactics to force villagers to collect rubber. Village chiefs were co-opted into supporting the rubber regime, and villagers were severely punished if they did not meet the rubber quotas. We use a regression discontinuity design along the well-defined boundaries of the ABIR and Anversoise concessions to show that historical exposure to the rubber concessions causes significantly worse education, wealth, and health outcomes. We then use survey and experimental data collected along a former concession boundary to examine effects on local institutions and culture. We find a negative effect on local institutional quality and a positive effect on culture. Consistent with the historical co-option of chiefs by the concession companies, village chiefs within the former concessions are more likely to be hereditary, rather than elected, and they provide fewer public goods. However, individuals within the concessions are more trusting, more cohesive, and more supportive of sharing income. The results suggest that colonial extraction may have different effects on institutions and culture. Keywords: Africa, development, culture, institutions, colonialism. JEL Classification: O15,N47,D72,O43,Z13. * We thank Alberto Alesina, Robert Bates, Alberto Bisin, Melissa Dell, James Feigenbaum, James Fenske, Claudia Goldin, Robert Harms, Adam Hochschild, Richard Hornbeck, Stelios Michalopoulos, Nathan Nunn, Rohini Pande, James A. -
Worldfish Center Report on the Opportunities and Constraints to Improved Fisheries Exploitation and Management in the Maringa – Lopori – Wamba Landscape
WorldFish Center report on the opportunities and constraints to improved fisheries exploitation and management in the Maringa – Lopori – Wamba landscape Item Type monograph Authors Russell, A.J.M.; Brummett, R.; Kambala, B.; Gordon, A. Publisher WorldFish Download date 02/10/2021 02:19:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35817 WorldFish Center Report on the Opportunities and Constraints to Improved Fisheries Exploitation and Management in the Maringa – Lopori – Wamba Landscape For African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) By Aaron J.M. Russell, Ph.D.* Randall Brummett, Ph.D. Billy Kambala, L.T. Ann Gordon, Ph.D. Date: July 15, 2007 * Corresponding Author: WorldFish Center Regional Office for Africa and West Asia PO Box 1261, Maadi 11728 Cairo, Egypt Tel. (002022) 736-4114 Fax. (002022) 736-4112 Email. [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acronyms 3 List of Non-English Terms Used 3 List of Tables 4 List of Figures 4 Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 5 Introduction 6 Field Program and Methodology 6 Description of the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Landscape 9 Results 9 Fish Species 9 Fishing Gears 10 Primary fishery stakeholder livelihoods and roles in the fishery 11 A. Permanent Fishing Camp Residents 11 B. Local Village Residents – Part-time Fisherfolk 13 C. “Professional Fisher/Traders” 15 D. Fisher Camp Residents by Necessity Rather than Choice 15 E. Basankusu, Mbandaka and Kinshasa Market Fish Traders 15 Fish Marketing Chain 16 Impacts of AWF-ICCN interventions on fishery stakeholders 19 Impacts of other governmental institutions on fishery stakeholders 20 Impacts of other non-governmental institutions on fishery stakeholders 20 Discussion of Key Issues 22 Conclusions and Recommendations 24 Appendices 28 A. -
CONGO 2017 Tour Report
The Congo Peacock that made the tour (Mark Van Beirs) FORESTS OF THE CONGO PEAFOWL 6 – 25 SEPTEMBER 2017 LEADER: MARK VAN BEIRS We did it again! On the fourth day of our stay at the Lomako-Yokokala Faunal Reserve, deep in the heart of Congo, we all managed to admire a splendid male Congo Peafowl on his roost! What a bird! This very special and decidedly unusual tour focused on two extremely rarely observed Congolese specialities: the truly enigmatic Congo Peafowl and our closest next of kin, the gentle Bonobo. Once one reaches the Lomako Reserve the Bonobos are not particularly difficult to see, as researchers have been habituating several groups for quite a while now. Getting to grips with the Congo Peafowl however is a totally different matter as this gamebird is easily one of the shyest and most difficult to observe species on our planet. We learned a lot about the Peafowl’s behaviour on our inaugural 2015 tour and we really 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: FORESTS OF THE CONGO PEAFOWL www.birdquest-tours.com thought we knew how to get to see the “holy grail of African birding”. To my surprise, none of the tactics that worked in 2015 gave any result and it was through plain hard slogging that we managed to find our target this time. Every international birder should know the amazing story of how the Congo Peafowl was discovered in the early 20th century by the American ornithologist James Chapin. In 2015 Birdquest was the first bird tour company ever to show this truly fantastic bird to its clients. -
Pluriarcs in the Sub-Saharan Africa Collection of the Weltmuseum Wien
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library József Brauer-Benke Pluriarcs in the Sub-Saharan Africa Collection of the Weltmuseum Wien Pluriarcs consist of several smaller musical bows which are affixed to a resonator body. Following Sachs’s classification, this type of instrument is called Bogenlaute and bow-lute in German and English academic writing respectively (Sachs 1929: 157, 1940:94). French the term pluriarc, coined by Montandon, has become widely used (Montandon 1934: 35). In the inventory of sub-Saharan African collection of the Vienna Museum of Ethnology, the pluriarcs recorded with names given by their collectors or the responsible curators and appear as Bogenharfe, Bogenlaute, Harfe, Guitarre, Zither or simply Saiteninstrument (stringed instrument).1 Although the playing technique of some pluriarc types is similar to that of the lute, which may explain the name bow-lute, the strings of this musical instrument do not run parallel to each other above a straight neck, as in the case of lutes, but share the morphological features of musical bows. Consequently, it is more appropriate to use the Latin-based French term pluriarc (meaning several bows). According to Schaeffner’s hypothesis, pluriarcs presumably have their origins in Ancient Egypt and may have developed from musical bows affixed to the resonator body of sub-Saharan African bow harps (Schaeffner 1936: 185). However, pluriarcs are first mentioned only in the 16th century and thus the possibility that this type of musical instrument developed over a prolonged time in that era cannot be ruled out. -
Nber Working Paper Series the Evolution of Culture
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURE AND INSTITUTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM THE KUBA KINGDOM Sara Lowes Nathan Nunn James A. Robinson Jonathan Weigel Working Paper 21798 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21798 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 December 2015 A number of individuals provided valuable help during the project. We thank Anne Degrave, James Diderich, Muana Kasongo, Eduardo Montero, Roger Makombo, Jim Mukenge, Eva Ng, Matthew Summers, Adam Xu, and Jonathan Yantzi. For comments, we thank Ran Abramitzky, Chris Blattman, Jean Ensminger, James Fenske, Raquel Fernandez, Carolina Ferrerosa-Young, Avner Greif, Joseph Henrich, Karla Hoff, Christine Kenneally, Alexey Makarin, Anselm Rink, Noam Yuchtman, as well as participants at numerous conferences and seminars. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Pershing Square Venture Fund for Research on the Foundations of Human Behavior and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2015 by Sara Lowes, Nathan Nunn, James A. Robinson, and Jonathan Weigel. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Evolution of Culture and Institutions: Evidence from the Kuba Kingdom Sara Lowes, Nathan Nunn, James A. Robinson, and Jonathan Weigel NBER Working Paper No. -
Status of the Proposed Lomako Forest Bonobo Reserve: a Case Study of the Bushmeat Trade
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226278234 Status of the Proposed Lomako Forest Bonobo Reserve: A Case Study of the Bushmeat Trade Chapter · January 2002 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47461-1_25 CITATIONS READS 4 208 2 authors, including: Jef Dupain 66 PUBLICATIONS 1,341 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Socio-economic, hunting pressures, and bushmeat dynamics View project PhD project: Comparison of insectivory by sympatric western lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in lowland rainforest, southeast Cameroon View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jef Dupain on 11 June 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Chapter STATUS OF THE PROPOSED LOMAKO FOREST BONOBO RESERVE (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO): A CASE STUDY OF THE BUSHMEAT TRADE J. Dupain and L. Van Elsacker Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Kon. Astridplein 26, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium 1. INTRODUCTION The geographic range of the bonobo (Pan paniscus) is limited to the left bank of the Congo River (Figure 1). The eastern boundary is thought to be the Lomami or Lualaba River; to the south, bonobo distribution is limited by the Kasai-Sankuru Rivers (Coolidge, 1933; Kano and Furuichi, 1984; Kortlandt, 1995). However, with the exception of some areas, the precise location of bonobos in this range is unknown. This lack of knowledge accounts for the large variation in overall bonobo population size estimates (Dupain and Van Elsacker, this volume). Recent publications agree on a figure of around 15,000 to 20,000 individuals, as proposed by the Bonobo/Pygmy Chimpanzee Protection Fund (Japan, 1992). -
Blood Rubber: the Effects of Labor Coercion on Institutions and Culture
Blood Rubber:The Effects of Labor Coercion on Institutions and Culture in the DRC* Sara Lowes† Eduardo Montero‡ 1 January 2017 Most Recent Version Here Abstract: We examine how historical exposure to extractive institu- tions affects long-run development in the case of the Congo Free State (CFS). The CFS granted concessions to private companies that used vio- lent tactics to collect rubber. Local chiefs were co-opted into supporting the rubber regime, and individuals struggled to fulfill mandated quotas as natural rubber became increasingly scarce. We use a geographic regression discontinuity design along the former concession bound- aries to show that greater exposure to extractive institutions causes significantly worse education, wealth and health outcomes. We then use survey and experimental data collected along a former concession boundary to examine how the effects of extractive institutions persist through local institutional quality and cultural norms. Consistent with their historical co-option by the concession companies, we find that chiefs within the former concessions are of lower quality and less accountable to their constituents. However, we find that individuals within the concessions are more trusting and have stronger norms of redistribution. The results demonstrate how historical events of short duration can have long-lasting effects on institutions and cultural norms. Keywords: Culture, institutions, historical persistence, labor coercion. JEL Classification: O15,N47,D72,O43,Z13. *We especially thank Nathan Nunn and James Robinson for their support and encouragement. We also thank Alberto Alesina, Robert Bates, Melissa Dell, James Feigenbaum, Claudia Goldin, Robert Harms, Adam Hochschild, Richard Hornbeck, Stelios Michalopoulos, Rohini Pande, Marlous Van Waijenburg and participants at the Harvard Development Lunch, Brown Macro Lunch, Harvard Economic History Lunch, NEUDC, WGAPE, and the Conference for Inclusive Growth in the DRC for excellent feedback. -
ETD Template
THE RECONTEXTUALIZATION OF AFRICAN MUSIC IN THE UNITED STATES: A CASE STUDY OF UMOJA AFRICAN ARTS COMPANY by Anicet Mudimbenga Mundundu BA, Université Nationale du Zaire, 1981 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 1995 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2005 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Anicet Mudimbenga Mundundu It was defended on 18 April, 2005 and approved by Dr. Nathan T. Davis, Ph.D., Professor of Music Dissertation Co-Chair Dr. Akin O. Euba, Ph.D., Professor of Music Dr. Matthew Rosenblum, Ph.D., Professor of Music Professor (Emeritus) J. H. Kwabena Nketia, Professor of Music Dissertation Co-Chair ii © Anicet M. Mundundu 2005 iii THE RECONTEXTUALIZATION OF AFRICAN MUSIC IN THE UNITED STATES: A CASE STUDY OF UMOJA AFRICAN ARTS COMPANY Anicet M. Mundundu, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2005 This dissertation is about the opportunities and challenges posed by the presentation and interpretation of African music performances by African immigrants in Western contexts in general and the United States in particular. The study focuses on the experience of the Umoja African Arts Company, a Pittsburgh based repertory dance ensemble that performs music and dance from various parts of Africa. Although much has been observed on the contribution of Africa to the development of the American music and dance experience, there is a growing interest among African scholars to question the relevance, impact and the analysis of the emerging efforts of new African immigrants in the promotion of African music in changing contexts overseas where creative individuals have to reconfigure new ways of interpreting and presenting cultural resources to diverse audiences. -
Draft Trip Report Outline, Rev 5 Dec 2005
USDA Forest Service Office of International Programs Trip Report Mission to Support Landscape Planning in the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo1 January 14 – February 3, 2006 ________________________Jena R. Hickey and John G. Sidle_________________________ 1 Note: This report is a part of an ongoing technical assistance effort by USDA Forest Service (USFS) to USAID/CARPE and its partners aimed at providing guidelines for landscape level management planning. The recommendations contained in this report are focused exclusively on this particular landscape, and may contain discrepancies to recommendations made in other USFS reports for other landscapes. The USFS is currently working on producing generalized guidelines for landscape planning, based on the collective experiences of providing assistance on individual landscapes, which will be utilized to inform planning processes for any of the CARPE landscapes. 1 Table of Contents Summary 3 Future Forest Service Involvement 4 Introduction 5 Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Landscape 6 Biodiversity 6 Human Population 7 Socio-economics 7 USDA Forest Service Mission Objectives 8 Summary of Activities and Itinerary 8 Itinerary 10 Findings and Recommendations 12 MLW Planning 12 Zoning – MLW Landscape Zone 13 Zoning – MLW Extractive Use Zones 13 Zoning – MLW Protected Area Zones 18 Zoning – MLW Community Use Zones 21 Rationale, Methods and Tools for Ecoregional Planning (zoning) 21 Additional Comments on Planning 24 Desired Conditions 24 Engage All Stakeholders 26 Develop a Communication -
Colonialism in the Congo: Conquest, Confiflict, and Commerce CHOICES for the 21St Century Education Program November 2005
Colonialism in the Congo: Conquest, Confiflict, and Commerce CHOICES for the 21st Century Education Program November 2005 Director Susan Graseck Curriculum Developer Andy Blackadar Curriculum Writer Sarah Kreckel International Education Intern Daniela Bailey Office Assistant Dan Devine Office Manager Anne Campau Prout Acknowledgments Colonialism in the Congo: Conquest, Conflict, and Commerce was Outreach Coordinator developed by the Choices for the 21st Century Education Program Bill Bordac with the assistance of the research staff of the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies, scholars at Brown University, Professional Development Coordinator Lucy Mueller and other experts in the field. We wish to thank the following researchers for their invaluable input: Program Coordinator for Capitol Forum L. Perry Curtis Barbara Shema Professor Emeritus of History, Brown University Nancy Jacobs The Choices for the 21st Century Associate Professor of Africana Studies and Associate Professor of History Education Program develops cur- Brown University ricula on current and historical international issues and offers Peter Uvin workshops, institutes, and in- Henry Leir Chair of International Humanitarian Studies service programs for high school Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University teachers. Course materials place special emphasis on the impor- Special thanks to Paul Cunningham, formerly of Woodstock tance of educating students in Academy, Connecticut, for his work as the unit author of the their participatory role as citizens. first edition ofColonialism in the Congo: Conquest, Conflict and The Choices for the 21st Century Commerce. Education Program is a program of the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute Colonialism in the Congo: Conquest, Conflict and Commerce is for International Studies part of a continuing series on international public policy issues. -
The Art of Reconciliation in Rwanda Meredith Shepard Submitted In
The Art of Reconciliation in Rwanda Meredith Shepard Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 ©2018 Meredith Shepard All rights reserved Table of Contents Acknowledgments ii Preface iii Introduction: The Paradox of Reconciliation 1 Chapter One: The Revenge Cycle as History and Genre 25 Chapter Two: Reconciliation as Transfiguration 57 Chapter Three: Reconciliation as Trial 91 Chapter Four: Reconciliation as Memorialization 123 Coda: Beyond Transfiguration, Trial, and Memorialization 167 Works Cited 170 i Acknowledgments This dissertation could not have been written without the support of countless people. First, I thank the Rwandans who have educated me about their country: Fidel, my first translator and dear friend, Frederick, whose own story and advocacy is as miraculous as it is real, Potien, Claudine, Alex, and my other colleagues at Kagugu School, the guides at Gisozi, Nyamata, Ntarama, Nyarubuye, Bisesero, and Murambi memorials from 2008 to the present, my brilliant in-laws, especially Grace, Charles, Alphonse, Jolly, Victor, Bonita, Tiara, Consul, and Alex, and the countless other Rwandans who have inspired and guided me over the last decade. My education has been blessed with teachers who demonstrated the link between literature and social justice. At Cornell University, it was Eric Cheyfitz’s course on colonial literatures that encouraged me to stay in school instead of running back to Africa. J. Robert Lennon’s unstinting mentorship through four years of my writing about Rwanda kept me believing I had something worthwhile to say. Serendipity landed me in Elizabeth Anker’s classroom.