Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Abd al-Karim, and otherthrow of Africa in the Iron Age ‒ Tunjur – Agades , , Abd al-Mumin of Morocco Agau people, Ethiopia –, Abd al-Wadids, dynasty of Tlemcen Ahmad, Mawlay, of Morocco, and Abdallabis, rulers of Nubia , invasion of Songhay –, – Abdallah Jamma of Nubia Ahmad b. Ibrahim of Adal Abu Abdullah Muhammad, sharif of and destruction of Solomonid Morocco empire – Abu Amr Uthman, ruler of Kanen defeat of , , Abul-Hasan, sultan of Morocco Ain Jalut, battle of Abu Yusuf Yaqub of Morocco Aïr , ; see also Agades Abu Zakariyya, sultan of Tunis , Aja people , Accra , and Atlantic slave trade Acholi people Akan people Adal, Sultanate of , , and slave trade , and destruction of Solomonid and gold, empire – Akinjogbin, I. A. overrun by Barentu Oromo Aksum Aden , , fall of Adrar , pillaged by Imam Ahwad Africa Akwamu, expansion and Atlantic slave and artistic, material and cultural trade – independence before , Alawi dynasty of Morocco , –, climate zones – Albusaid Imams of Oman, geography – Algeciras, Moroccan capture of historical sources for – Algeria independence of –, Ottoman government organisation interregional trade – – languages trade oral tradition Algiers political enlargement as motive force growth of – – involvement of al-Din brothers political organisation Ottoman control of political vitality Ali Bey al-Kabir of Egypt population growth and political seizure of power – change – Almeida, Francisco de slave trade –; traditional nature Almohad empire , of decline of society, expansion of Almoravids, conquest of Morocco spiritual vibrancy – Alvarez, Francisco – transport systems – Alwa warfare, nature of –, capital city Aegean Sea, islands , , kingdom of ,
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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penetration by Arab pastoralists Bambuk goldfields , , , political breakdown , , bananas , , trade Banda people , see also Nubia Bantu languages and speakers , Amara Dunkas, Funj conqueror of in rain forest –, – Nubia contact with Lwo Ambuila Tiongo, battle of household organisation in rainforest Amda Siyon, emperor of Ethiopia Amhara , , East African Iron Age , , Amharic language –, , – occupation of eastern South Africa Angola competing warrior-smiths South-Eastern complex – early political organisations within South-Western complex – Banu Hassan nomadic people, foundation of Portuguese colony Morocco origin of name Banu Hilal as slave-trading enterprise Ifriqiya Anjou, Charles, Count of Morocco – Ap-Funy , role in Maghribi society Arabia , , Banu Maqil, migrations of Arabic language , , , , , , Banu Marin, and invasion of Morocco , , , ; see also Morocco, Marinid Arabs , , , , , , , , , Banu Wattas, Morocco , –, , , , , Barbarossa, see Khayr al-Din , Barentu Oromo people, expansion of Aregay, Merid , Arochuku Barquq, Sultan , Aruj al-Din Barreto, Francisco Asante kingdom Barros, João de , expansion and Atlantic slave trade Batavian Republic – Battell, Andrew – foundations of Battle of the Three Kings, Morocco imperial system of Bayezid II, Sultan Aswan, Ottoman capture of Bemba, kingdoms of – Mamluks at Benguela , Atlas mountains , , , , , , Benin –, , emergence of – Avungara rulers of Azande expansion – Awjila, oasis of , obas of, –, Awlad Mumammad, Fezzan dynasty slavery and slave trade – , trade with Portuguese – Aybeg, Sultan of Egypt Berber language , Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt –, Berbers Azande in Cyrenaica –; in Morocco assimilation of subjects inter-dynastic conflict origins of hegemony unification by Islam – al-Azhar, university mosque , , , Bidderi, shrine – Bigo earthworks site, Uganda , Badi II, sultan of Funj Bijaya (Bougie) , , Badi IV, sultan of Funj Aruj al-Din’s expedition against
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Bijaya (Bougie) (cont.) Burckhardt, J. L. – Spanish garrison at Burton, Richard university mosque of Burundi, kingdom of , , –, Bilma salt mines , , Birmingham, David Bushong people, and Kuba kingdom Bisa, kingdoms of ‒ Bito dynasty of Bunyoro , Butana , Black Death Butwa arrival in Alexandria attacks on Portuguese Ifriqiya challenge to Mutapa kingdom – Mamluk Egypt trade relations with Portuguese blacksmiths , , , in Kongo Cairo , , , itinerant – Bonaparte’s occupation of organisers of warrior bands capture by Ottomans Blue Nile , , , character of Bonaparte, Napoleon , foundation of Napoleonic wars – growth of under Maluks Borana Oromo people importance in Ottoman empire encroachment into Ethiopia religious centre migrations of –, social hierarchy – Bornu , camels , , , , , , , , , ascendancy of , , , , , , , attacks on Hausa canoes , , , –, , , , decline of , , Islamic influence Câo, Diogo colonisation by Kanem Cape, settlement of Dutch East India military strength , – Company at , – relations with Tunis Dutch gentry class – slave trade – Dutch moves inland trans-Saharan slave trade , – importation of slaves –; effect of Botswana settlement on Khoi and Sotho-Tswana , emergence of Cape Coloured people Bouré goldfields , British ethnic composition expulsion of Xhosa from Zuurveld growth of – Cape of Good Hope , rule of Cape Cape Town – Browne, W. G. cattle , , , , –, , , , Bruce, James , –, , , , , , , Buganda, kingdom of –, –, , , , expansion of –, –, – government of cavalry forces , –, , , –, trade –, , , , –, , –, , Bulala, attacks on Kanem , –, , , , , Bungu , Central Sudanic languages , , migrations from , , , Bunyoro, kingdom of Ceuta , conflict with Buganda Portuguese occupation of impact of Nilotes, – Chad, lake , , –, ,
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Chadic languages , , Dongola , –, Changamire, – Dragut, Corsair captain, and Ottoman Charles V, Emperor control of Tripoli Chibinda Ilunga, and Lunda origin Dunama Dibalami of Bornu traditions – Dutch Chibuene capture of Luanda Chittick, Neville occupation of Cape –, Christianity and Christian missions , slave trade , , –, , , , , , , Dutch East India Company – , , , , , , Dyula , in Ethiopia – activities of in Kongo –, –, trade with Portuguese in Nubia –, –, Chwezi kingdom East African coast , , – Lwo conquest of – Indonesian contact with – Congo river , , , , –, Muslim settlers – Edo estuary (Nzadi) –, , , , and emergence of Benin Efik people, and Atlantic slave trade copper , , , , , , , –, Egba people – , –, , –, , , Egypt , , , , , , , –, , , , , , agriculture benefits of Ottoman control Coptic language Bonaparte’s conquest of Corsairs –, , , conquest by Fatimids Cushitic languages –, , , effects of Ottoman conquest Islam, adoption of – Cyrenaica , , language Mamluk seizure of power Dahomey, kingdom – slavery and military recruitment Damascus – sacked by Mongols taxation sacked by Timur see also Mamluks; Ottoman Egypt; Dar Fertit , Mamluk Egypt Darb al-Arbain (Forty Days Road) Elmina –, Darfur Ethiopia , , , , Christian outposts in abdication of Susenyos defeat of Tanjur dynasty Christian Church expansion Christianity , – Islamisation of – defeated by Funj sultanate penetration by Arab pastoralists destruction of Solomonid empire pilgrimage route through – trade links with Egypt Oromo settlement in –, – David, king of Maqurra partial Islamisation of – Delagoa Bay , nature of medieval – Denkyira, expansion of and Atlantic Roman Catholicism in – slave trade Sarsa Dengel’s attempts to stabilise Dias, Paulo occupation of Luanda Island survival of Christian kingdom – Dols, M. W. see also Solomonid empire
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Eware, oba of Benin – , –, , –, , , , Ewe people , , , Gold Coast Fagan, Brian European trading settlements Fasiladas, emperor of Ethiopia slave trade – Fatimids Goletta, Tunis conquest of Egypt as corsair base relations with Nubia Graham, John Fernandes, Antonio Gray, Richard Fez , , , , Great Zimbabwe, see Zimbabwe Fezzan , Griqua people – and trans-Saharan slave trade firearms , , , , –, –, , Habesh, establishment of Ottoman , , , , , , , , province of , , , , , , , Hafsid dynasty , , attacked by Morocco , France origins and Egypt , rule in Ifriqiya – and Algiers see also Ifriqiya and West Africa Hammadi Pasha, bey of Tunis Fulbe people , , Harar , , , , expansion into Adamawa Harms, Robert revolutionary jihad Hausa people and cities , –, Funj sultanate Bornu attacks on campaigns against Ethiopia conversion to Islam creation of Islamic influence , effects of emergence of military raids expansion – slavery Islamisation of – trade origins – Henry the Navigator, Prince , political disintegration – Herbert, Eugenia zenith of power Herero people , – Fur people migrations of establish dominance over Arab Hinda dynasties of Karagwe , nomads expansion of – Hofrat en-Nahas, copper mines , Galadewos, emperior of Ethiopia , , horses , , , , , , , , , Gama, Vasco da , , , Gambia river , military significance of Garlake, Peter role in trans-Saharan slave trade Geez, Ethio-Semitic language , –, , , , Husayn b. Ali of Tunisia Genghis Khan Hutu people Gezira , –, Ghadames oasis , – Ibn al-Mukhtar , Ghat – Ibn Battuta Goa, Portuguese settlement in India Ibn Khaldun , –, , , , –, Ibn Rashiq gold, trade in , , , , –, , , Ibo people
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and Atlantic slave trade – on East African coast , –, Ibrahim Bey of Egypt Egyptian adoption of – Idris Aloma, mai of Bornu , encirclement of Ethiopia – Ifat, Walasma dynasty of establishment in the Maghrib Ife – in Ethiopia –, , –, spiritual primacy of –, Ifriqiya , , Hausa conversion to agriculture in Kanem annexation by Marinid Morocco in Mali and Songhay –, – Banu Hilal Malikite school Black Death in Morocco – character of Hafsid rulers in Nubia and Funj , decline of pilgrimage economic strength of reverence for knowledge growth as maritime power sharia law , Ottoman–Spanish rivalry in Sufism – Mediterranean – unification of Berbers – political eclipse by Algiers trade – al-Jabarti under Husayids – Jallaba traders , – Igala kingdom Jerusalem , defeat by Benin Jesuit missionaries, and Ethiopia political reorganisation of Nupe – Ijaw people, trading activities Jews , , , , Imbangala John, king of Portugal cooperation with Portuguese slave Judar Pasha, invasion of Songhay – traders – formation of Kasanje Kakongo kingdom, and Atlantic slave militaristic social organisation of trade war bands – Kalahari desert , India , , , , , –, Kalenjin people – Indian Ocean, East African coast of Maasai incursions – , , , , , – Kanem –, , maritime trading system , , , abandonment of Nijimi characteristics of – Portuguese activities , –, conflict with Sao trading activities –, , , conversion to Islam Indonesians impact of Arab pastoralists settlement of East African coast , Islamic influence – settlement of Bornu of Madagascar as slave suppliers iron deposits and ironwork , , , strategic position on trade route , , –, , , , , Kankan, origins of –, , , , –, Kano , , , , , Ishaq, askiya of Songhay, defeat by Kanuri people of Kanem , –, sharifian Morocco Karimi, Egyptian merchants , Islam , , – Kasanje African conversions to Katsina , , , at Cape Kawar oasis, trans-Saharan slave trade in Darfur and Wadai – ,
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Kayrawan Portuguese military assistance university mosque of – settlement of new areas – Kazembe kingdom , , –, significance of copper , slave trade with Portuguese – Kenya plateau Kordofan, penetration by Arab incursion of Eastern Nilotes – pastoralists – transition from early to late Iron Age Kreish people, southern migration culture Krump, Theodore Khayr al-Din (Barbarossa) Kuba kingdom – allies himself with Ottoman empire Kuchuk Muhammad Kwena people, migration of appointed high admiral of Ottoman fleets – Lalibela, emperor of Ethiopia , captures Algiers Lango people , defeat of Spanish fleet language families, African death of Las Navas de Tolosa, battle of Khayr Bey, Mamluk amir Lebna Dengel, emperor of Ethiopia defection to Ottomans , , –, Khoi people Leo Africanus, , , decimated by smallpox Lepanto, battle of geographical spread of Lesotho, and Sotho-Tswana historical importance of – Limpopo river , , , impact of European settlement at Loango Cape , and Atlantic slave trade raids on European colonists manufacturing scale of cattle-keeping societies royal rituals – Kikuyu people trade with Dutch Kilwa Island , , , Louis IX of France, King , growth of Luanda –, , Mahdali dynasty capture by Dutch focus on mainland Luba people strategic significance characteristics of trade in gold kingdom formation Kintu period in Buganda – kingship rituals Kiswahili , Lulua people Kitara kingdom and Kuba kingdom Lwo conquest of – Lunda Kiteve – contact with Portuguese probable origins of expansion – Kongo kingdom , expeditions against Portuguese battle of Ambuila extent of – blacksmithing kingdom kingship Christianity in – origin traditions – conflict with Yaka – political organisation – defeat by Imbangala and Portuguese trade with Portuguese – Luyana (Lozi) people , expansion , Lwo people political and economic development contact with Bantu – incorporation of subjects , Portuguese contact with – southern migration ,
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Maasai people , , al-Maqrizi , Madagascar Maqurra kingdom Indonesian settlers , capital city (Dongola) trade with Christian kingdom of settlement by Africans disintegration of , – Maggs, Tim Egyptian installation of Muslim ruler Maghrib establishment of Islam see also Nubia Moroccan expansion in marabouts , –, Regencies (Ottoman provinces) – Maravi people trade in conflict with Portuguese forces trade links with Sudan kingdoms as confederations see also Ifriqiya; Algiers; Morocco trade – Mahdali dynasty, and Kilwa Marinids, see Banu Marin Malawi, lake , – Marj Dabiq, battle of Malebo, lake , , , –, Marrakesh , –, Mali empire , – Massawa, Ottoman conquest of , decline of – al-Masudi , gold trade – Mauritania Islam – Mawlay Ismail of Morocco – slave trade Mbanza Kongo, later São Salvador Malikite school, of Islam , –, –, in Nilotic Sudan – Mbum people , Malta , Mbundu people repels Ottoman attack migration from Bungu Mamluk Egypt , – stabilising of relations with art and architecture – Imbangala Bahri rulers Mecca and Medina , Black Death in – Mediterranean , , , , , –, Burji rulers , defeat of Mongols Ottoman–Spanish rivalry in – expansion into Maqurra Meknes, Mawlay Ismail’s capital intervention in Nilotic Sudan – Miller, Joseph –, , – invasion of empire by Timur Mogadishu, Islamic influence measures against Arab nomads – Mogador military decline Mombasa , military defeat by Ottomans Portuguese occupation of Muhammad Ali’s slaughter of revolt against Portuguese Mamluks Mongo people occupation of Suakin impact of migrants origins of mamluks – Kuba kingdom restoration of caliphate migration of – trade in gold southern expansion Mande people , , –, , Mongol empire – Manekweni, discovery of – defeat by Mamluks , Mangbetu people and kingdom Monophysite Christianity , origins of hegemony – Morocco , , Mapungubwe Hill, kingdom at – arabisation of – Maqqari family and trans-Saharan Berbers in trade conquered by Banu Marin
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Morocco (cont.) Nama people eighteenth-century decline – Namibia , , influence of marabouts –, al-Nasir Muhammad, Mamluk sultan invasion of Songhay –, – , pilgrimages from Natal Portuguese encroachments on – and Tsonga sixteenth-century resurgence of Ndongo kingdom Morocco, Marinid accession of Nzinga Mbande annexation of Ifriqiya campaign against Portuguese capital at Fez colonists conquest of Tlemcen conquest of Matamba conquest of Tunis relations with Portuguese , – control of trans-Saharan trade as slave-raiding state Maliki school of Islam see also Ngola trade Ngazargamu, establishment of new Morocco, Sharifian Kanem capital at black slaves in – Ngbandi people control of trade routes – ngola emblems invasion of Songhay –, – Ngola a kiluange rulers , Ottoman threat – Ngoyo kingdom, and Atlantic slave political weakness –, trade resumption of trade with Europe Nguni people trans-Saharan trade characteristics victory at battle of al-Qasr al-Kabir expansion into southern South Africa Mozambique , , historical traditions trading networks , Portuguese description of Portuguese on coast of , , Niger river , , , –, –, , Tsonga of , delta Mpondo people Nile, river –, , , , , –, , Mubende , –, Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi Nilo-Saharan language family , , Muhammad Ali of Egypt Muhammad ibn al-Hasan of Tunis Nilotes, Eastern Muhammad ibn Uthman Bey, ruler of impact of early expansion – Algiers impact of later expansion – Muhammad Ture, askyia of Songhay southern expansion – , Nilotes, Western , Murad Bey in Egypt impact of – Murzuk, Saharan oasis , southern migration Musa, Mansa, king of Mali , Nilotic languages , , , –, Muscat , , – al-Mustansir, Hafsid ruler of Tunis Njimi, capital of Kanem, foundation of – – Mutapa kingdom , – nomads, see pastoralism loss of control over tributary Ntusi, archaeological site at kingdoms Nuba people threat from Butwa – Nubia Mwata Yamvo –, Christian civilisation of –; art of Mwene Mutapa, see Mutapa kingdom
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Egyptian invasion of Maqurra – modernising attempts – influx of nomads of upper Egypt Napoleon’s invasion of – migration of Arab nomads Nubian conquests Ottoman invasions social organisation – pact with Fatimid Egypt trade , – political breakdown of Alwa Ovambo people – political breakdown of Maqurra Ovimbundu people – and Atlantic slave trade see also Alwa and Maqurra Oyo empire Nuer people , expansion of – Nupe kingdom fall of Nyamwezi people – military government trade , occupation by Nupe Nyanja people origin tradition Nzakara people , reconquest and reconstruction Nzinga a Nkuwu of Kongo , Ozdemir Pasha, Ottoman campaign in Nzinga Mbande, Dona Anna, ruler of Nubia of Ndongo – Nzinga Mbemba, Afonso, of Kongo Park, Mungo pastoralism, pastoralists –, , , Obayemi, Ade , –, , , –, , , , Oliver, Roland , –, , –, , Olum Labongo, see Rukidi –, –, –, , Oran , , –, , , , , , Orange river –, , , , , –, , , , , Oromo people , –, ; see also –, , –, – Barentu; Borana Oromo Persian Gulf, trading with East African Osei Tutu of Asante coast , , , Ottoman empire Phiri kingdoms among Maravi and Algiers pilgrimage defeat of Mamluks Christian Ethiopian to Jerusalem Egptian province of –; see also Muslim , , , ; Mansa Musa’s Ottoman province of Egypt , ; routes , , establishment of new province of plague, see Black Death Habesh pombeiros (traders) –, , , growth of , Portuguese janissaries in – attacked by Butwa Khayr al-Din – Benin naval defeat at Lepanto capture of Moroccan ports North African Regencies – conflict with Maravi forces rivalry with Spain in Mediterranean defeat at battle of al-Qasr al-Kabir – Dyula traders Ottoman province of Eygpt entry into Africa administrative reforms military cooperation with Kongo benefits of Ottoman control , Cairene hierarchy – naval superiority in Indian Ocean economy – golden age of – Omani attacks on East African janissary ascendancy – settlements – military revolts origins of Angola colony –
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Portuguese (cont.) Sao, conflict with Kanem relations with Shona – Sarsa Dengel, emperor of Ethiopis , revolt in Mombassa slave trade , , ; cooperation al-Sayyid, Marsot with Imbangala – Schweinfurth, Georg , Sofala trade – Sebastian, Don, King of Portugal supplanted by Dutch in West Africa Sefuwa dynasty, of Kanem – Selim, Ottoman sultan , trade with Lunda – Selim II, Ottoman sultan West African exploration – sharia law of Islam, , prazeiros – Shilluk people , Pubungu, Lwo military encampment Shona peoples , – relations with Portuguese – Pyramids, battle of the see also Zimbabwe Shyam, and foundation of Kuba Qalaun, Mamluk sultan , , kingdom al-Qasr al-Kabir, battle of Sidama people , , , Qayt Bey, Mamluk sultan Sidi Muhammad of Morocco Qutuz, Mamluk sultan Sierra Leone, slave trade in Sijilmasa , rainforest, Central African Silveira, Gonçalo de Bantu-speaking population –, Sinan Pasha, Ottoman admiral, capture – of Tripoli household organisation of Bantu- Sinnar –, speakers slave soldiers Raymond, André Darfur – Red Sea , , , , –, , , , Ethiopia , , , , –, , –, , , , Fatimid , , – Funj Regencies – Mamluk – government organisation Moroccan janissary dominance of – Ottoman political organisation slave trade, trans-Saharan , , , power rivalries – trade Bornu – see also Algiers; Tripoli; Tunisia Egypt , , Reubeni, David Fezzan Ridwan Bey of Egypt Kanem Riebeeck, Jan van Kawar Roberts, Andrew , to Mauritius Rozwe people and kingdom slavery, African kingdoms and , , Rukidiof Kitara – – Rumfa, Muhammad, sarki of Kano slaves and slave-trading, Atlantic , , Runga people –, Rwanda kingdom , , –, Aja origins of Akan Ryder, Alan Akwamu Angola as slave-trading enterprise San hunter-gatherers –, , , ; see also Khoi Asante –
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Benin, restriction on slave sales , government of – Bornu – importance of Timbuktu Cape – Islamic influence – Dahomey – military expansion – Denkyira Moroccan invasion of –, – effect on internal African origins development successor to Mali – Efik slave trade – Ewe Sonni Ali of Songhay – Fulbe Sotho-Tswana people , Gold Coast – Spain, North African garrisons Ibo – rivalry with Ottoman Empire in Imbangala – Mediterranean – Kakongo Suakin Kasanje occupation by Mamluks Loango Ottoman conquest of Mali empire Sudan (Nilotic) Mane development of nascent Sudanese Ovimbundu patriotism in Funj sultanate Portugal , , , – process of Islamic conversion – Portugal and Kongo – trade links with Maghrib Sidama trade with Ifriqiya – Sierra Leone Sudd Slave Coast Sufism , , Songhay – Sulayman Pasha, Ottoman governor of trader Morice Egypt Tsonga Sulayman Solongdungu of Darfur Vili , – Suleyman the Magnificent, sultan Wadai Suleyman Mawlay, sultan of Morocco Wolof Yaka Susenyos, emperor of Ethiopia Sofala abdication capture of trade by Portuguese – conversion to Roman Catholicism trade with Kilwa Solomonid empire incorporation of Oromo awareness of Islam Sutton, John collapse of – Swahili settlements , conflict with Ifat – economies international contacts trade – origins and expansion – see also Kiswahili peasantry Swaziland, and Tsonga peripatetic court – social dynamism of Taghaza, salt mines, , strength of Christianity Takrana, pilgrim migrants westward expansion Teke people Somali people –, Teke kingdom Songhay kingdom political development – capture of Timbuktu Teso people – economy Tigre, district of Ethiopia –, , expansion of , , ,
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Tikar dynasties (Cameroon) Tuareg Timbuktu , , , , , Tunis – captured by Songhay Wadai – Moroccan arma – Zimbabwe Moroccan military citadel Transvaal Moroccan occupation of settlement of Sotho-Tswana Songhay empire trekboers trans-Saharan trade Tripoli , Tuareg occupation – as Ottoman province Timur (Tamerlane) capture by Ottomans Tlemcen , , Ottoman rule of – conquest by Marinid Morocco sovereignty over Fezzan involvement of corsair Aruj Spanish garrison at political dependency on Ottomans trade with Bornu , Tripolitania trans-Saharan trade Tsonga people –, Tondibi, battle of Tswana people trade emergence of large conurbations Algeria Benin trade with Portuguese Tuareg people , Bisa – occupation of Timbuktu Buganda – relations with Songhay Darfur trans-Saharan trade Dyula trade with Portugal Tunis Gold Coast European trading as capital of Ifriqiya – settlements capture by Ottoman empire Hausa conquest by Marinid Morocco Ifriqiya – Hafsid rulers of Ijaw Ottoman–Spanish conflict – Indian Ocean –, population growth Kongo trans-Saharan trade –, Loango trade with Dutch university mosque of Lunda trade with Portuguese – Tunisia Maghrib , Husayn ibn Ali’s control of Mali , Ottoman rule of – Mamluk Egypt , Tunju rulers of Darfur Morocco , , –, origins Nyamwezi overthrow of – Ottoman Egypt ritual kingship Persian Gulf trade with East African Turkana people – coast Tutsi people Portuguese capture of Sofala trade – Ubangian language group , Portugal –, –, Uganda , , Regencies arrival of Lwo Sofala , – incursion of Eastern Nilotes Swahali settlements – transition from early to late Iron Age Timbuktu culture Tlemcen Umar b. Idris, mai of Bornu Tsonga Usuman dan Fodio ,
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521790247 - Medieval Africa, 1250-1800 Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore Index More information
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Vansina, Jan , , , , with Lunda Venda people slave trade Vili people , Yamvo Naweji, and Lunda kingdom and Atlantic slave trade , – Yekunno Amlak, first Solomonid ruler, Wadai expansion of trade – Yoruba people , government of infiltration of Arabs Zaghawa people kingship rituals – Zagwe dynasty of Ethiopia – overthrow of Tunjur dynasty – Zaire, see Congo slave trade Zambezi , , , , , –, Walasma dynasty of Ifat, conflict with , , , – Solomonids – Zanata Berbers warfare, nature of African –, and Marinid Morocco – Wazimba, and expeditions against Zanzibar coast, characteristics of Portuguese peoples White Nile , , , –, , Zanzibar island , , , , – Zara Yaqob, emperor of Ethiopia Wing, J. Van – Wolof kingdoms Zaria, Hausa city , , , break away from Mali – Zawila, oasis of slave trade Zayyanid dynasty of Tlemcen Wrigley, Christopher Zeila Wute people – Ottoman conquest of Zimbabwe, Great, kingdom , Xhosa people –, clearance by British from Zuurveld abandonment of – de Barros’ description of conflict with Dutch , disruption of trade routes population modest beginnings of see also Nguni political character of Portuguese and – Yaka people trade in gold conflict with Kongo
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