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Precambrian Basement Geologic Map of Montana

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Precambrian Basement Geologic Map of Montana U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 2829 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Version 1.0 116° 114° 112° 110° 108° 106° 104° CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS 115° 105° COVER ROCKS Outline of figure 2 ၥv CENOZOIC TRAN MESOPROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ne ANA t belt OROGEN • Plentywood Yb Yy S-HUDSO • Scobey MESOPROTEROZOIC DANIELS UNITS OF TRANS-HUDSON OROGEN nd-thrus SHERIDAN Dillon shear zo Little Belt N Xt PALEOPROTEROZOIC TRANS-MONT Mountains na fold-a Western boundary OROGEN Amh GLACIER UNITS OF TRANS-MONTANA OROGEN of continent (ACCRETED TERRANES) ns-Monta • Cut Bank STRUCTURE Tra TOOLE Xwv Xi Chinook Xw PALEOPROTEROZOIC Beartooth • VINCE LINCOLN LIBERTY HILL Ats Mountains • Havre 45° MONTANA • Shelby • Chester Amh • Libby ARCHEAN Bighorn Amh UNITS OF CONTINENTAL-MARGIN ASSEMBLAGE WYOMING PRO Mountains ONE (FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT) Xt BLAINE • Malta VALLEY ROOSEVELT Xfb FLATHEAD Rocky Moun PALEOPROTEROZOIC Sevier thrust front JOPLIN Xm XAr • PONDERA PHILLIPS Glasgow Kalispell • Wg Wgf ARCHEAN tains ALLS SHEAR Z Aum • Conrad Wolf Point Wind River • 48° 48° UNITS OF WYOMING PROVINCE Mountains (CRATON) Eastern limit of GREAT F Basin and Wsc Range OROGEN LATE ARCHEAN extension Wgf Ag Ats Uinta Mountains Little Agn ° Wgf VUs MIDDLE TO EARLY ARCHEAN 40 Front Rocky Range Mountains Colorado COLORADO Choteau CHOTEAU Ats RICHLAND Sidney Sawatch • TETON Agn Ag • Plateau Fort Benton • Range SANDERS DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS Polson • COVER ROCKS • Thompson Falls Amh ၥv MCCONE Volcanic rocks (Cenozoic) LAKE Figure 1. Precambrian-cored uplifts (colored) of Rocky Mountain region. MESOPROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Xw Yb Belt Supergroup (Mesoproterozoic)—Area containing major bodies patterned Great Falls • Yy Yellowjacket Formation and associated metasedimentary rocks (Mesoproterozoic)—Area containing major bodies patterned GARFIELD • Circle DAWSON TRANS-HUDSON OROGEN 120° 115° 110° 105° LEWIS AND CLARK TECTONIC ZONE Jordan Xt • Xt Volcanic-plutonic arc complexes (Paleoproterozoic)—Includes Archean gneisses Superior Accreted terranes Trans- • CASCADE TRANS-MONTANA OROGEN (ACCRETED TERRANES) GFSZ FERGUS DSZ EXPLANATION LEWIS & CLARK • Glendive Xw Wallace terrane (Paleoproterozoic)—Covered Aeromagnetic anomaly MINERAL Hudso PETROLEUM LC (nanoTeslas) Stanford Xwv Wallace • WIBAUX Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss and amphibolite of Wallace terrane C (Paleoproterozoic)—Exposed in Bitterroot Range terrane 500 MISSOULA ED • CZ CF Lewistown Agn Wibaux n oroge • AR Xi Granite, diorite, and gneiss (Paleoproterozoic)—Crops out in Little Belt JUDITH BASIN C Mountains. U-Pb zircon age of 1,860–1,880 Ma (Mueller and others, Little • Winnett R 2002) Xi Belt E Allochthonous Ats n GARNET LINE Mountains PRAIRIE EK FA Amh Medicine Hat block (Archean)—Covered ° Missoula • 45 terranes 0 CONTINENTAL-MARGIN ASSEMBLAGE (FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT) • ana fold-and-thrust belt POWELL Terry Xi Agn U XAr Imbricately intercalated rocks (Paleoproterozoic and Archean)—Covered Wyoming Agn LT Xfb Meta-sandstone, shale, iron-formation, and graphitic shale intruded by craton gabbro dikes (Paleoproterozoic)—Crops out in Gravelly Range. Interpreted as foreland basin deposit Trans-MontSR Xm Marble, quartzite, and schist (Paleoproterozoic)—Inferred to have formed on –300 Xw MEAGHER Ag a rifted, passive margin (about 2.0 Ga). Formerly regarded as Archean • Helena Fault—Solid dots indicate rifted Wg Massive to weakly foliated granite to granodiorite (Late Archean) Agn continental margin separated • White Sulphur Spring SF CB Wgf Foliated and gneissic granitoid rocks (Late Archean)—About 2.74–2.79 Ga by transform (inherited) Baker WHEATLAND • (Wooden and others, 1988) faults. Opposed arrows MUSSELSHELL • Miles City • show relative displacement GRANITE • Harlowton Roundup Aum Mafic to ultramafic rocks in Spanish Peaks area and Tobacco Root • Deer Lodge Xw GOLDEN VALLEY ROSEBUD FALLON Mountains (Archean) ince Thrust fault CUSTER 40° • Philipsburg Townsend WYOMING PROVINCE (CRATON) • • Colorado prov • Hamilton Ryegate Hysham • Forsyth • Ag Wsc Stillwater Complex (Late Archean)—2.7 Ga (Wooden and others, 1988). • Boulder Exposed BROADWATER Wgf TREASURE Foliated and gneissic granitoid rocks (Late Archean)—About 2.74–2.79 Ga 02125 50 500 KILOMETERS JEFFERSON Agn (Wooden and others, 1988). Exposed • Anaconda ° Yb ° 46 RAVALLI 46 Ag Granitic rocks, undivided (Archean)—Magmatic domain. Covered Figure 2. Aeromagnetic anomaly map of northwestern United States showing major Precambrian terrane boundaries and principal Proterozoic faults and shear zones. CB, Agn Agn Gneissic rocks, undivided (Archean)—Gneiss domain. Covered Cheyenne belt suture; CF, Cedar Creek fault; CZ, Clearwater zone; DSZ, Dillon shear (suture) zone; GFSZ, Great Falls shear zone; LC, Lewis and Clark fault zone; SF, DEER LODGE Butte Snake River fault zone; SR, Snake River Plain volcanic field. Aeromagnetic map prepared by North American Magnetic Anomaly Group (2002). • VUs Supracrustal (metasedimentary and metavolcanic) rocks (Middle to Early • Ekalaka XAr YELLOWSTONE Archean) SILVER BOW Yb Ats Tectonically shortened rocks on margins of Wyoming province (Archean) erroot Range PERRY LINE Xwv Ag Yb Highland Mountains • Big Timber Ag Contact—Dashed where approximately located Tobacco Root • Billings Bitt Mountains Wgf NW SE Yb Wgf • Hardin Strike-slip fault—Dashed where inferred. Opposed arrows show direction of PARK displacement where known Rifted continental margin Northern Madison Bozeman SWEET GRASS Range • Ag CARTER Xw Xwv • Livingston STILLWATER Ag Thrust fault (Laramide) Wgf • Columbus Agn Trench(?) Xwv Thrust fault (Sevier) GALLATIN Agn BIG HORN Thrust fault (Paleoproterozoic)—Dashed where approximately located • Broadus Aum Wgf Xm Strike and dip direction of foliation POWDER RIVER rust(?) Lithospheric mantle Wgf Spanish Wsc Trend of foliation VUs Agn Oceanic c MADISON Peaks Drill hole to basement rocks • ၥv Beartooth Mount Stage 1 Ennis CARBON RE ZONE BEAVERHEAD Aum Fold-and-thrust Active foredeep Wgf ains • Dillon Xm belt migrating southeast DILLON SUTU Xm • Red Lodge Wg Ag Ag VUs Ruby Wgf Range Ag Madison Wgf Gravelly Wgf Range Wgf NE Wgf Range Xfb Xm HEAR ZO Wgf XAr Stage 2 Wgf LAKE S EXPLANATION E ZONE SCALE 1:1 000 000 MIRROR 25 0 25 50 75 100 MILES Trench and foredeep deposits Continental crust (Wyoming craton) Wgf Xm 25 0255075 100 KILOMETERS ၥv Passive-margin deposits Thrust fault—Showing relative MADISON MYLONIT displacement Volcanic arcs and microcontinents Digitizing by Eric Anderson. Wgf Editing and digital cartography by Alessandro J. Donatich, Lambert conformal conic projection Central Publications Group. Figure 3. Model for evolution of the Trans-Montana orogen. Stage 1—Passive margin deposits accumulate on continental edge approaching a north-dipping subduction zone. Stage 2—Active subduction of the continental margin during 1927 North American datum Manuscript approved for publication March 31, 2004 convergence results in craton-vergent imbricate thrusting of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks and their basement. Modified from Hoffman (1987). Generalized for simplicity. 114° 112° 110° 108° 106° INTRODUCTION magnetization of the crystalline basement rocks and the structures that penetrate delineation of predominantly granitoid rocks from predominantly metasedimentary- age of the terrane has been provided by isotopic studies of the Bitterroot lobe of amalgamated prior to collision along the Dillon suture zone. Impetus for and Stein, 2003) along the Cheyenne belt (Duebendorfer and Houston, 1987) at important Mesoproterozoic Trans-Rocky Mountains fault system has been meager. Kucks, R.P., and Hill, P.L., 2000, Wyoming aeromagnetic and gravity maps and Archean tectonic and depositional history of the Wyoming Province: 120° 115° 110° 105° and transect the basement. In northwestern Montana, the thick (15–20 km) metavolcanic units; (2) the prominent northeast-trending belt of linear anomalies the Idaho batholith in eastern Idaho. Inherited (pre-magmatic) zircons in Late convergence is attributed to closing of the inferred Paleoproterozoic ocean about 1.78 Ga (Chamberlain, 1998). Tweto (1980) first described some major segments of this ancient structural system data—A website for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Precambrian Research, v. 117, p. 119–143. Newly updated aeromagnetic data of Montana, in conjunction with the known sedimentary succession of the Belt Supergroup largely obscures the magnetic fabric across the central part of the State, caused by major ductile shear zones within the Cretaceous igneous rocks of the lobe have a minimum age of about 1.74 Ga between the accreted terranes and the craton (fig. 3). in Colorado, but others (for example, Hamilton, 1988) have disputed significant Report 00–0198, scale 1:1,000,000. Ross, G.M., 2002, Evolution of Precambrian continental lithosphere in western Accreted terranes geologic framework of basement rocks in the State, have been combined to of the underlying crystalline rocks. Accordingly, the basement geologic fabric in Paleoproterozoic Trans-Montana orogen; (3) the conspicuous northwest- to west- (Mueller and others, 1995), and a large granitic gneiss xenolith with a comparable Correlation of the magmatic arc rocks in central Montana with the Wallace PALEOPROTEROZOIC TECTONIC STRUCTURES Phanerozoic reactivation of these structures, and even doubted their existence. Kulik, D.M., and Schmidt, C.J., 1988, Region of overlap and styles of interaction Canada—Results from Lithoprobe studies in Alberta and beyond: Canadian Tran produce a new
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