1507 I29ah ILLINOIS 1988/89 NATURAL C.3 HISTORY SURVEY

Annual Report 1988-1989 ,LUN0,S DQClMmiTS The State of Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources NOV 1 5 1989 ILL'MIS STATE LIBRARY

X2 0( ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY c • 3 SURVEY

Annual Report 1988-1989

The State of Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources

Contents

Introduction 1 Aquatic Biology 5 Botany and Plant Pathology 14 Economic Entomology 18 Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification 27 Wildlife Research 33 Financial Statement 39 Professional Activities 41

ILLINOIS STATE LIBRARY

ILLINOIS STATE LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

https://archive.org/details/illinoisnaturalhOOilli The past year was one of proud achievement ing highly persistent herbicides are deposited in innovative research, renewed educational in landfills, a biological solution is of the efforts throughout the State, and the thought¬ utmost importance. Maintaining a healthy ful development of an internal organizational groundwater system is a pressing problem in structure that will assure future success. Illinois. Although 1988 was a rather difficult year financially with extremely modest budgetary With the era of satellite imagery and geo¬ increases provided by the Illinois General graphic information system technologies has Assembly, this constraint made the year come an unprecedented opportunity to administratively and operationally challeng¬ quantify and analyze urban land-cover ing and proved to be enonnously satisfying patterns with efficiency and economy. Sadly, because of the continued outstanding Illinois ranks 47th among states in publicly accomplishments of the staff. owned open space per person. A team of Survey researchers working with forty Research Achievements municipalities within the Chicago Metropoli¬ The Survey’s research effort, although tan Area and east-central Illinois are studying organized into various disciplines and the urban landscape, especially the types and grouped into five scientific sections, tran¬ quantities of land cover that are being con¬ scends these rather artificial boundaries and verted to urban use. In this way the open space reflects a much broader outlook. I cannot available to residents can be correlated with mention here all the significant research ac¬ local expenditures for forestry and natural complishments of the past year, but I will note areas programs and guide planning efforts to briefly various projects that have or will have enhance the quality of life for urban dwellers. environmental and economic significance and suggest how the Survey aids in the guardian¬ A significant information gap exists between ship of the State’s biotic resources through researchers and the managers of freshwater liaison with other agencies and partnership fisheries. Managers typically undertake with the citizens of Illinois. regular surveys of fish populations and conduct periodic estimates of angler yield and The Survey plays a significant role in the effort. Researchers, on the other hand, Environmental Management Program, a long¬ undertake special projects, typically making term project established by the Congress to detailed measurements over a short term on a protect the resources of the upper Mississippi limited number of bodies of water. To River and guide future river management. increase communication between managers Through yearly qualitative and quantitative and researchers, staff from the Illinois surveys that document changes in vegetation Department of Conservation and the Survey in various pools of the upper Mississippi, cooperated in the development and implemen¬ Survey scientists are providing ecological tation of the Fisheries Analysis System. This indicators of change over time. In this way, computerized data management tool is the health of the river system can be assessed. designed to analyze local and statewide data sets for both management and research An estimated 1,500 agrochemical retail purposes. The design features include local facilities are located in Illinois, and the data entry and analysis that permits district pesticide waste that accumulates at these sites biologists to make more accurate and timely is enormous. Researchers at the Survey have management decisions; the ability to upload investigated the feasibility of cleaning up the data to a minicomputer to create a statewide herbicides at such sites by excavating data base; and the capacity to download data contaminated soil, spreading it on nearby to microcomputers. Information is entered fields, and using various microorganisms to using programs that follow the format of field accelerate the degradation of these hazardous data sheets, thereby permitting direct checking chemicals. Given the potential and actual and verification of data. Analytical outputs danger to groundwater when wastes contain¬ include stock indices, condition tables and graphs, length frequency tables and histo¬ Illinois researchers along with Department of Prairie-chickens on their booming grounds in grams, length-weight plots, graphs of Conservation personnel and interested spring are one of the most intriguing sights in individual and mean length at age, and tables volunteers examined over 3,000 deer at nature. Because of the highly endangered of catch per unit effort. The capabilities of the various checkpoints in more than fifty status of the remnant prairie-chicken system permit summary analyses to be made counties. As a result of this endeavor, the population of Illinois, however, few people and allow for merging with our statewide known range of the deer tick currently totals have had an opportunity to view this spec¬ relational data base on a minicomputer where twelve counties. Clearly an invader from the tacle. The high level of cooperation between hydrological, meteorological, and geomor- north, the tick is now known as far south as the Survey, the Illinois Department of phological data can be integrated. The Piatt County. In addition, the lone star tick, Conservation, and The Nature Conservancy in ultimate beneficiary of this impressive system possibly another vector of Lyme disease, is research and management is a basic ingredient is the Illinois angler. expanding its range from southern Illinois in the attempt to increase prairie-chicken northward. Both ticks have fast become a numbers. Through these efforts, including Two highly significant problems that could matter for serious concern as cases of Lyme studies of the parasitism of prairie-chicken have a substantial impact on public health in disease begin to be diagnosed in the State. nests by the introduced ring-necked pheasant, Illinois were discovered this year: the spread this native bird has a chance to remain a part of the potentially health-threatening Asian Above average temperature, widespread of the broad array of prairie fauna and flora tiger mosquito and the confirmation of the drought, and elevated levels of air pollutants supported on sanctuary land for the benefit of expected entry of Lyme disease into the State. during the summer of 1988 were widely Illinoisians for years to come. reported in the media as consequences of a The Asian tiger mosquito, a container- major climate change attributed to the Lead poisoning has caused mortality in inhabiting mosquito capable of carrying greenhouse effect. The implications of waterfowl for more than a century. Birds fall twenty-six viruses known to affect humans, is changing global climate patterns for agricul¬ prey to lead poisoning by ingesting spent lead rapidly colonizing urban areas in Illinois. The ture and food production in Illinois and for the shot while feeding. In a recent publication. Survey took an active role in the Governor’s abundance and vitality of the tens of thou¬ Lead Poisoning in Illinois Waterfowl committee to prepare legislation addressing sands of organisms of the State are critical but (1977-1988) and the Implementation of the storage of scrap tires and the associated largely unknown. Survey researchers have Nontoxic Shot Regulations, Survey research¬ health threat of mosquitoes that use these tires begun to investigate the effects of atmospheric ers documented how studies made in Illinois as larval habitat. In addition to the tiger pollution on plants from both natural and and elsewhere were incorporated into mosquito, four other Illinois mosquitoes that agricultural ecosystems. At various levels of complex policy-making decisions over the transmit human viral diseases use tires stress induced by drought and air pollution, past decade—the critical decade of transition similarly. The legislation developed by the they found that photosynthesis was inhibited, in the adoption of nontoxic shot regulations committee received Governor Thompson’s that certain garden vegetable cultivars were for hunting waterfowl in the United States. In signature and will provide funding for an susceptible to ozone stress, and that the 1986, the Fish and Wildlife Service initiated a active research program on tire-breeding competitive ability of native grasses was nationwide phase-out of lead shot for mosquitoes and other arthropods. adversely affected. The differential responses waterfowl hunting that will culminate in 1991. of individual plant species to these environ¬ Survey research played a pivotal role in the Prior to November 1988, the deer tick, a mental stresses may ultimately alter commu¬ development of that national policy. primary vector of Lyme disease, had been nity structure in natural and agricultural collected in only two northern Illinois ecosystems and thereby diminish the ability of Historically, Illinois streams supported a counties. Teams of Survey and University of various species to prosper. diverse freshwater mussel fauna. In more recent decades, however, many species have Illinois is notable for the variety of organisms become rare and are in danger of extirpation. that exist within its boundaries, and the To understand these declines and their Survey is systematically cataloging groups of underlying causes, a survey of Illinois mussels special significance and creating easily is underway. The most recent component of accessible data bases for use by other state and this statewide study was a survey of the Little private agencies, researchers, and interested Wabash River where only twenty-six of the citizens. One such data base under develop¬ forty species known to have lived there were ment is for the Lepidoptera (butterflies and found alive. This information is consistent moths), of which at least 2,000 species occur with other recent mussel surveys and reflects in Illinois. The data base will allow collation the need for increased protection of aquatic of species distribution, seasonal occurrences, habitats and the improvement of water quality host preferences, and habitat requirements. in Illinois rivers and streams. Such information is useful in establishing the environmental health of Illinois and in An unusual project for the Survey that relied developing land-use policies that protect on the capabilities of the Illinois Geographic Illinois Lepidoptera. Information System was one to assist the East St. Louis Revitalization Project. Efforts were directed to the siting of two facilities: a modular housing factory and a demonstration agriculturists, garden clubs, the business and usefulness of our publications, and I hope community housing project. The siting of the community, and graduate students across the this Annual Report will be judged by the factory was based primarily on such desirable State and in neighboring states and Canada. reader as a worthy example of these efforts. landscape features as proximity to rail lines and interstate interchanges. In contrast, the Sustained and vigorous educational efforts are The staff continued to work closely with the siting of the housing project was based on necessary if the scientists of today are to Society for the Illinois Scientific Surveys “to landscape features to be avoided— flood improve scientific literacy among young promote the work of the three Illinois Surveys zones and truck routes, for example. Success¬ Americans and foster an appreciation for the and to foster an appreciation and understand¬ ful planning is a dynamic, cooperative intricacies and fragility of the natural ing of the natural resources of Illinois." Major process, and it was the Survey’s intent to environment. An informed citizenry is efforts are underway to increase the visibility demonstrate to the East St. Louis community essential if scientists are to address the very of the Surveys, to expedite the transfer of the value of the Illinois Geographic Informa¬ real and urgent biological problems of this information, and to assist in environmental tion System as a planning tool. In this process, planet. and science education. This year, the Society a data base for East St. Louis was compiled assembled and distributed a natural resources that will serve as the basis for other commu¬ Publication has long been the primary gift basket from the three Surveys and the nity planning applications. medium through which Survey scientists Society to legislators, the Governor, and communicate the results of their research to others. These baskets proved a great success. Education Outreach scientific colleagues and to the public. As In addition, the Society publishes The Nature In an address to a conference of Illinois high members of a biological research organiza¬ of Illinois, a full-color quarterly in which we school teachers in 1928, Stephen A. Forbes tion, the staff not only seeks new knowledge have a regular column and periodic articles. A noted that the institution of which he was but also applies existing information in new monthly tip sheet of current topics being founder and chief should “take a first step ways. As members of a public service agency, addressed by the Surveys is sent by the towards establishing a much closer relation they actively convey research results and Society to more than 700 print and electronic than now exists between the State Natural management recommendations to municipali¬ media throughout the State. History Survey and the biological work of the ties, professional groups, homeowners, and Illinois high schools.” That relationship is public and private agencies. No citizen of the Enhanced Facilities being strengthened today by a renewed State is untouched by this communication From time to time, but not often enough, we educational thrust at the Survey. Two sets of network. The Survey’s publication record are able to improve our workplace. Last year curriculum materials for middle-school remained at an outstanding level again this I reported the completion of a major expan¬ students have been produced: Legacy of a year, and I am especially proud of the number sion and refurbishing of Survey facilities at Pest, which discusses the environmental and of articles placed in scientific journals of Havana, Illinois. On 5 May 1989, we ecological problems involved in coping with international repute. In-house publications of celebrated the Golden Anniversary of this an introduced pest, and The Illinois River: A the Survey are distributed to 725 educational field station, dedicated the new addition, and Lesson to be Learned, which reviews events and research institutions as part of an ongoing took the opportunity to name the expanded that have contributed to the river's decline. In exchange program, and the popular Survey and improved facility the Stephen A. Forbes addition. Survey scientists assisted elementary Reports is distributed without charge to 4,200 Biological Station in honor of the founding teachers from Champaign Unit Four School citizens. In addition, a badly needed update of father of the Survey. Colleagues, friends, and District in the development of curricular the Publications of the Illinois Natural former staff from across the nation gathered materials for the natural sciences at three History Survey 1876-1988 was issued. Efforts for the celebration. A special publication, grade levels. A third activity, the Survey’s are underway to increase the attractiveness Forbes Biological Station: The Past and the participation in Champaign’s Marketplace Nature Expo provided an opportunity to reach a large segment of the local population. Over fifty members of the Survey participated in the preparation and operation of the display, and the exhibits and demonstrations were enthusiastically received by children and adults alike.

The acquisition of equipment to facilitate the staging of multi-image slide presentations has enhanced our scientific lectures and given them considerable public appeal. We believe that the technique not only expedites learning but makes the process more enjoyable. Survey scientists addressed dozens of public forums throughout the year—from scout meetings and grade-school classes to meetings of 4 Promise, was released to coincide with the be greatly improved through central file ongoing computerization continued to provide event. Governor Thompson issued a procla¬ servers and increased productivity is antici¬ ready access to materials at any of the libraries mation citing the day as Stephen A. Forbes pated. of the University and the State. The library Biological Station Day, and the American remains an enjoyable place to work and Benthological Society presented a plaque in This year marked a major step forward in the provides challenging opportunities for honor of the founding of their organization at editorial office with the initiation of computer professional growth. the Station in 1953. Many of the founding output directly interfaced with the printer. members were present for the presentation. This technique is highly cost effective because Administration and Personnel The stage is now set for another half-century it eliminates galley proof and the laborious Several changes in the leadership of the of research to seek out the secrets of the paste-up process. The first publication Survey occurred during the fiscal year. Drs. Illinois River, to focus attention on reversing produced by this method was a comprehensive Robert Gorden and Wallace LaBerge were the slide to extinction, and perhaps, to pursue study and taxonomic revision of asters in succeeded by Drs. Lewis Osborne and the goal of restoring past glories. Illinois released in May 1989. Another Lawrence Page as heads of the sections of technological advancement related to the Aquatic Biology and of Faunistic Surveys and I am pleased to report that an electrically publication program was the use of the Insect Identification, respectively. Drs. Glen driven compactor system to house the six Geographic Information System computer to Sanderson and Wallace LaBerge were million specimens of the Survey’s insect generate four-color separations for the promoted to Principal Scientist, the highest collection, the sixth largest in the United production of some sixty maps for a soon-to- level of scientific achievement recognized in States, has been installed. The compactors be-released book on the forest resources of the Survey. It is also my sad duty to report the house the collection securely and so effi¬ Illinois. The use of this process resulted in passing of Dr. Carl Kirkpatrick, an Affiliate in ciently that badly needed space for collection substantial financial savings. the Section of Wildlife Biology since 1987. growth (an additional 4,000 museum drawers), two offices, and a visitor’s work¬ The Survey received a valuable gift of the The leadership of the Survey devoted space were also accommodated. photographic collection of Robert Evers, a considerable energies to examining the former member of the Section of Botany and effectiveness of our internal organizational The nearly dilapidated greenhouses adjacent Plant Pathology. The 2,900 fully indexed color structure. As a result, changes were proposed to the Natural Resources Building received a slides of plants, localities, and portraits of to the staff and discussed in open forum. Final major upgrade from the University of Illinois scientific personages are extremely important recommendations were approved by the this past spring with reglazing, painting, and because many of the images serve as bench¬ Board of Natural Resources and Conservation the installation of an innovative new plastic marks and help to establish changes over time for implementation at the beginning of fiscal roof. Our scientists will once again be able to in sensitive Illinois habitats. year 1990. The Survey’s committee structure conduct experiments in a safe environment. was also revised, and a system of internal Maintenance of the Survey library’s outstand¬ affiliates was proposed whereby staff Planning for the replacement of the now ing collection of written materials was the members may request appointments in more largely outmoded internal computer network main task of library personnel for the past than one section in order to achieve close was concluded, and we look forward to the year. Through their creative efforts at reor¬ collaboration with colleagues. Together, these completion of the installation. The network ganization, badly needed additional shelving changes are intended to help us shape our will include the Natural Resources Building space was provided. High-quality biblio¬ future and meet the unseen challenges that are and the several buildings that house the graphic services helped scientists manage the certain to face Illinoisians in the years ahead. Survey Annex. Internal communication will information explosion in the sciences, and An Invitation to Read On Never before has dedication to the Survey’s legislative mandate to develop, maintain, and conserve the living organisms of the State along with the habitats, ecosystems, and landscapes that sustain those organisms been of greater significance to the citizens of Illinois. You are invited to read our Annual Report and share in the notable progress we have made during the past year to meet this challenge. The research and educational efforts underway are of such diversity that I am certain you will find projects that will spark your interest and stir your imagination. The mission of the Section of Aquatic Biology quality. At the Lake Michigan field station. is to conduct basic and applied research Dr. William H. Homs, in cooperation with the related to the aquatic ecosystems of Illinois Illinois Department of Conservation, is and to investigate the biology of the associated conducting several research studies that will flora and fauna. improve the management of Lake Michigan sport fisheries. Finally, Drs. Richard E. Sparks Public Service and Philippe E. Ross and Mr. K. Douglas During the past year, members of the Aquatic Blodgett are studying contaminants in the Biology Section participated in numerous and Illinois River in order to provide recommen¬ varied public service activities, including the dations to state and federal agencies regarding identification of aquatic organisms in the restoration and improvement of that response to queries from the public, presenta¬ waterway. tions to a variety of audiences on the aquatic resources of Illinois, and service on technical Efforts of aquatic biologists are also directed advisory panels and committees of profes¬ toward educating the public regarding sional societies. Of all these activities, environmental issues—through talks and however, the most important service to the seminars and by accompanying students on citizens of the State was the preparation of field trips. During the summer of 1989, film recommendations related to environmental crews from the British Broadcasting Corpora¬ management, recommendations based on the tion accompanied Dr. David P. Philipp and scientific research of the Section. Recently, colleagues to Queen’s University Biological for example. Governor Thompson signed a Station at Lake Opinicon to film the spawning bill authorizing the Illinois Department of behavior of bluegill. Dr. Philipp’s research, in Transportation to establish a permit system to cooperation with Dr. Mart Gross from the regulate the withdrawal of surface waters from University of Toronto, will be highlighted in a the streams and rivers of the State in order to segment of David Attenborough’s new BBC ensure sufficient water for the propagation of series Evolution and Behavior, which will be aquatic life. This bill, introduced by Represen¬ aired in 1990. tative Helen Satterthwaite, was developed with the technical assistance of Drs. R. Other direct service to the public includes Weldon Larimore and Lewis L. Osborne. responding to questions related to aquatic life and management issues. During the past year, Four research projects of the past year typify the Section office in Champaign answered how the work of aquatic biologists addresses more than thirty inquiries related to lake and environmental issues of direct and immediate pond management and to the potential hazards concern to all Illinoisians. Dr. Peter B. Bayley to aquatic systems of urban and agricultural is conducting extensive creel surveys of land practices. Ms. Pamela P. Tazik identified several state-managed lakes in cooperation aquatic plants for numerous private lake and with the Illinois Department of Conservation. pond homeowners; Drs. Steven L. Kohler and The results of this study will permit Conserva¬ Lewis L. Osborne identified aquatic macroin¬ tion personnel to evaluate present manage¬ vertebrates for the public, and Mr. Jens ment strategies for sport-fish populations and Sandberger, in cooperation with Dr. Sue to devise new strategies that will respond to Wood from the Section of Wildlife Research, the concerns of Illinois fishing enthusiasts. Dr. analyzed water samples from several private Lewis L. Osborne, in cooperation with Dr. wells to determine the presence of chemical David Kovacic of the University of Illinois at contamination. Urbana-Champaign, is investigating the effectiveness of riparian buffer strips in In addition to these public service activities, reducing pollution originating from nonpoint staff members were active in professional sources associated with agricultural practices. societies, including the American Fisheries Results should provide Illinois with an Society, the North American Benthological economical means of improving surface-water Society, and the Society for Environmental (, Toxicology and Contamination. Their staff were recognized for a number of is to promote research and disseminate activities ranged from serving as officers to scientific activities that reflect their outstand¬ information on techniques for managing small chairs and members of committees. Section ing abilities over a wide range of career levels. ponds and lakes throughout the State. staff were also members of several state and federal advisory boards and technical panels, In the fall of 1988 and spring of 1989, Dr. Drs. Philippe E. Ross, Robert A. Herendeen, including the State Watershed Priority Sub¬ David P. Philipp was selected by the Canadian and Lewis L. Osborne were also recognized committee, the State Instream Flow Task National Museum of Natural Sciences as a for technical expertise and service during the Force, the Illinois Stream Corridor Advisory featured lecturer in the Zoological Education past year. Dr. Ross was chosen a Senior Committee, the State Aquaculture Advisory Trust Lecture Tour. Dr. Philipp presented a Environmental Advisor to the U.S. Environ¬ Committee, the Great Lakes Contaminated series of talks at nine universities across mental Protection Agency and is assisting Sediment Toxicity/Chemistry Advisory Panel, Canada concerning hazards associated with with the toxicity assessment and clean-up of and the Upper Mississippi Technical the introduction of species. contaminated sediments in the Great Lakes. Committee. Dr. Herendeen received a travel grant from the Dr. R. Weldon Larimore was honored at the National Science Foundation to collaborate Several members of the Aquatic Biology 35th Annual Meeting of the North American with colleagues in Denmark and Sweden in an Section were active in graduate education at Benthological Society as a founding member. attempt to develop systemwide indicators that the University of Illinois, supervising the A plaque commemorating the founding and a will describe and predict ecosystem behavior work of twelve graduate students and framed photograph of the original thirteen under perturbation. Dr. Osborne, Acting Head conducting seminar courses. Members of the members permanently resides at the Stephen of the Section, was elected to the Executive staff were also affiliated with the Department A. Forbes Biological Station, the site of the Committee of the North American Benthol¬ of Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution, the Society’s first meeting. In recognition of his ogical Society for a second consecutive year. Department of Animal Sciences, the Depart¬ contribution to warmwater streams biology ment of Urban and Regional Planning, and the over the past forty years. Dr. Larimore was Several scientists participated in graduate Institute for Environmental Studies at the also selected to chair the Plenary Session of education programs and served as advisors University of Illinois; with the Department of the 1989 Midwest Fish and Wildlife Society. and directors of student research. This past Zoology at Eastern Illinois University; and year, Mr. Russell Forrest, a graduate student w ith the Department of Biology at Western Dr. Richard E. Sparks was appointed to the in Environmental Planning at the University Illinois University. National Research Council’s Committee on of Illinois and a student of Dr. Osborne, was Restoration of Aquatic Systems: Science, awarded the Best Departmental Thesis Award. Special Recognition Technology, and Public Policy. His selection The educational achievements and profes¬ During the past year, every professional was based on his extensive research on large sional promise of two research biologists in scientist in the Aquatic Biology Section was river systems and his recent efforts to restore the Section were also recognized this past awarded a major research grant or contract the ecosystems of the Illinois River. year: Mr. Douglas J. Austen and Ms. Julie from a state or federal agency, including the Claussen were co-recipients of the American U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. In recognition of her research on the ecology Fisheries Society’s Skinner Travel Award for Environmental Protection Agency, the of aquatic macrophytes in Illinois, her Graduate Research Achievement. As a result, National Science Foundation, the Illinois previous service to the Society, and her both attended this year’s annual meeting in Department of Conservation, and the Illinois leadership ability, Ms. Pamela P. Tazik was Anchorage, Alaska. Mr. Austen works with Department of Energy and Natural Resources. elected President of the Illinois Lake Dr. Peter B. Bayley and Ms. Claussen works In addition to these awards, members of the Management Society. The goal of the Society with Dr. David P. Philipp. Mr. Pawel Kindler and Mr. Michael Nedbal, graduate students under the supervision of Dr. Philipp, were awarded Sigma Xi grants from the University of Illinois to help offset expenses of thesis research.

Research Reports The more than fifty research reports that follow document the range of activities undertaken by the Section of Aquatic Biology during the past fiscal year. The issues they address are of interest to all Illinoisians— farmers, fishing enthusiasts, aquaculturists, and environmentalists alike. Maintaining and improving the quality of the streams and rivers of Illinois and restoring their wetlands are challenges we cannot afford to ignore. Eliminating gear bias Food sources for aquaculture Systemwide indicators in ecosystems 7

P. Bayley, D. Dowling, J. Peterson P. Brown, P. Tazik R. Herendeen The diversity and community composition of Aquaculture is a growing young industry in This study in collaboration with projects in fish species within a stream reflect its “well¬ the State and native crayfish are one of its Scandanavia explores the use of systemwide being,” but sampling gear inevitably distort potential commercial products. Economical indicators (quantities that summarize the flow true abundances and species counts. Such and palatable food sources, however, are a of energy and materials between the compo¬ biases are governed by stream size, habitat prerequisite. Crayfish are thought to be nents of ecosystems). Although such indica¬ structure, water properties, and sizes and omnivores, but the importance of various tors are useful in comparing ecosystems and species of fish. To correct sampling data, foods in their diet is poorly understood. Male characterizing them as more or less disturbed, researchers are calculating efficiencies of and female Orconectes virilis were fed 14 their value in generating principles capable of standardized fish sampling gear—the electric aquatic macrophyte species (e.g., cattail, predicting responses to perturbations over seine, the boat electroshocker, the backpack bulrush, arrowhead, eel grass, and American time scales of interest to managers has not shocker, the minnow seine, and rotenone. lotus). These plants were consumed at been shown. Work on the analysis of flow and More than 90 calibrations were made on relatively low rates and proved relatively stock distributions in ecosystems continues, streams and rivers over the past two and a half unpalatable to the crayfish. Thus, macro¬ and a framework has been developed to years. Ultimately these studies will help us to phytes do not appear to be a suitable food for compare patterns expressed in terms of energy improve the recreational and aesthetic the aquaculture of this species. with those expressed in terms of nutrients such qualities of Illinois streams. as nitrogen.

Managing Illinois impoundments Treated straw as an aquaculture food Fish simulation

P. Bayley P. Brown. R. Gorden, D. Buck R. Herendeen, P. Bayley Growing numbers of anglers are making Cost-effective feeds are of interest to the To determine the bias of fish sampling gear, a increased demands on the water resources of growing number of Illinois aquaculturists. In model has been developed that simulates the Illinois, but managers are often uncertain how cooperation with scientists at the University of relationship between the number and size of fish communities will respond to changes in Arkansas, Survey researchers evaluated straw fish captured with a purse seine and the fishing pressure. Creel surveys are determin¬ treated with hydrogen peroxide as an number and size of fish actually present in the ing the effect of fishing effort on fish aquaculture feed. In initial tests, crayfish and stream reach being sampled. To determine the populations, and data on water depth and tilapia fed treated straw grew well. In true size distribution offish versus the bottom contour and composition are being extended tests, however, they failed to show captured distribution, scientists must take into collected from some 120 impoundments. an acceptable rate of growth. Although treated account the variation in a fish’s evasive ability After these data are entered on the Illinois straw was an inexpensive food, its ability to with size, swimming speed, and behavior. The geographic information system, managers will sustain growth was not acceptable. model does just that by simulating in detail a be able to determine more precisely how fish’s evasive behavior, including the random physical and chemical differences affect fish aspects of that behavior. Field data were used communities and angling effort. to verify the validity of the model.

Ammonia spill in Copper Slough Photodegradable and biodegradable plastic Sport fishing in Lake Michigan

S. Kohler, L. Osborne R. Gorden, K. Leonas W. Horns In July 1988, Kraft Foods accidently Plastic wastes are accumulating in the nation’s More than 5,000 angling parties have been discharged 400 pounds of industrial ammonia landfills at an alarming rate, and interviewed annually to provide estimates of into Copper Slough, a tributary of the photo- and biodegradable plastics offer a sport fishing activity, harvest, and expenditure Kaskaskia River, one of the finest stream partial solution to the problem. Under the in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan. The fisheries in central Illinois. The spill elimi¬ sponsorship of Dow Chemical, the effects of survey includes pedestrian fishing and fishing nated most stream life for approximately 20 ultraviolet light and heterotrophic bacterial from nonchartered boats. In recent years, total miles downstream. Kraft requested the Survey populations on the decomposition of seven fishing effort approached 2 million angler- to assess the recovery of fish and macroin¬ plastics were determined. One degraded to the hours with annual catches of yellow perch vertebrate communities through March 1991, brittle point within 12 hours of exposure to exceeding 1.7 million. Catches of chinook and thereby providing an opportunity to test intense ultraviolet light in an aquatic environ¬ coho salmon fluctuated widely, with an fundamental ecological paradigms regarding ment; bacteria attached themselves to the estimated noncharter catch of only 13,700 the recovery of damaged ecosystems. The underside of the plastic within 4-6 hours and coho salmon in 1988. Expenditures for boats, study will also provide the Illinois Department were abundant within 12 hours. No other motors, trailers, fishing gear, and automobile of Conservation and Kraft with an estimate of plastic degraded to the brittle point within 240 gas exceeded $7 million, with the value of the the restocking needed to return the fishery to hours of exposure to ultraviolet light. sport-fishing harvest estimated at $3.9 its pre-spill condition. million. 8 Incidental captures of salmon and trout Predation by alewives Lake trout on Julian’s Reef

W. Horns W. Horns W. Horns Survey researchers are hitching rides on The abundance of yellow perch in Lake Over 30 million lake trout have been stocked commercial fishing boats to determine the Michigan fluctuates unpredictably, possibly in in the Great Lakes since 1986 in an effort to number of incidental captures of salmon and part because of fluctuations in the abundance reestablish self-sustaining populations. More trout in gill nets used to harvest yellow perch of alewives. In recent decades, yellow perch than 1 million were stocked over Julian’s Reef and bloater chubs. Undoubtedly, commercial have been most abundant in years when in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan. fishing operations kill salmon and trout, but alewives were scarce. Alewives are known to Evidence of natural reproduction by stocked commercial and sport fishermen disagree eat large numbers of yellow perch but only trout in the Great Lakes has been scant, except sharply about the numbers. This study will when they are less than a third of an inch in in Lake Superior. During 1985-1988, provide estimates of the numbers, sizes, and length. To obtain more precise information, researchers attempted to recover spawned ages of salmon and trout killed in commercial researchers are investigating the timing and eggs from Julian’s Reef. The technique they nets. If incidental captures are high, future magnitude of yellow perch hatches and the used was successful in Lake Ontario, but no studies will determine if the problem can be timing and extent of alewife predation on eggs were recovered from the reef although alleviated by restricting commercial fishing newly hatched yellow perch. Results of this mature and gravid trout aggregate there in fall. during certain times of the year. study should help to determine the role of Because trout are highly selective in choosing alewife predation in regulating the yellow spawning sites, scientists speculate they may perch population in Lake Michigan. have missed the areas chosen by the fish.

Predation on yearling chinook salmon Yellow perch and zooplankton Kankakee River fishes

W. Horns W. Horns R. Larimore, J. Petersen At the time of stocking, chinook salmon are Over the past thirty years, the abundance and The impact of the Braidwood Nuclear vulnerable to predation by adult yellow perch. growth rates of yellow perch have fluctuated Generating Station and its riverside intake and The current abundance of yellow perch in widely in Lake Michigan. When young yellow discharge structures on the fishes of the Lake Michigan, therefore, may contribute to perch are abundant, they graze heavily on the Kankakee River is not known. Fortunately, the current decline of chinook salmon . zooplankton of the near-shore area and may annual studies of the river were conducted by Researchers using gill nets are collecting deplete that food resource, thereby limiting Survey staff from 1977 through 1987, thus yellow perch in the vicinity of chinook salmon their own growth rates. Slow growth, in turn, providing ten years of pre-operation data on stockings; they later dissect the fish and may affect population abundance because the the river’s fishery. A long-term data set such examine the contents of their stomachs for the period when yellow perch are small and as this is rare in itself, but this set is unique presence of yearling chinook salmon. These vulnerable to alewives or other predators because sampling methods and effort data in combination with data from a study of would be extended. To explore these remained constant throughout the decade. yellow perch abundance and movements will relationships more fully, researchers are After the plant began generating electricity in help to evaluate the impact of yellow perch on monitoring zooplankton populations and the 1988, aquatic ecologists began collecting the salmon fishery. growth rates of yellow perch in two areas of post-operation data. Pre- and post-data can Lake Michigan. now be used to measure the impact of the station on fish populations of the Kankakee.

Yellow perch in Lake Michigan Decline in size of yellow perch Wetland restoration

W. Horns W. Horns G. Messer, P. Tazik During the 1980s, the sport fishery for yellow The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reported Wetlands once covered 215 million acres of perch in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan that the 1983 year class of yellow perch the nation; today only 99 million remain. The grew in numbers harvested (1.7 million collected in the Michigan waters of Lake value of wetlands as wildlife habitat and in annually) and in participation by Illinois Michigan in the fall of 1984 were one-fourth water purification, sediment retention, and anglers. The annual commercial harvest as heavy as fish of the same age collected in flood and erosion control has only recently increased from 46,000 pounds in 1979 to over the same area during the 1970s. With the help been recognized. National environmental 150,000 pounds in recent years. The impact of of biologists in the states bordering Lake policy now protects wetlands, and projects the rejuvenated fishery has been difficult to Michigan, year-to-year and geographic that would impinge on them must guarantee assess because data on the size of fishable differences in size-at-age yellow perch were that wetland functions lost because of their populations and their movements in Lake studied from 1986 through 1988. By examin¬ activities will be replaced. Researchers Michigan are lacking. Researchers are now ing annual rings in the inner-ear bones of these examined case studies and found that restora¬ tagging 15.000-25,000 yellow perch fish, they were able to infer age and growth tion procedures did not result in structurally annually. The locations of tagged fish histories and concluded that yellow perch of and functionally balanced wetlands. Their recaptured by sport and commercial fishermen the 1983 year class were abundant and small, findings suggest that alternate sites be used and by biologists will then be used to assess particularly in the Michigan waters, compared when possible, that site designs be improved, the status of the yellow perch fishery. with those of the 1984 and 1982 year classes. and that restoration be closely supervised. Threatened and endangered species Aquatic plants and oil spills Fish in Champaign County 9

L. Osborne, S. Kohler P. Tazik, L. Osborne L. Osborne, P. Bayley, R. Larimore The Endangered Species Act requires federal Aquatic macrophytes supply food, oxygen, Although legislation has been passed to agencies to protect threatened and endangered and habitat structure for heterotrophic protect and restore the environment, little species on lands under their control. Many organisms in lake ecosystems, but little is information is available on the benefits such species occur on military installations known about their response to oil spills; even achieved, particularly the impact on fish in throughout the country. To minimize the less is known about their rate of recovery streams. For the past two years, fish communi¬ effect of military activities on these species, following exposure to crude oil. Species ties at 130 Champaign County locations that army personnel need specific information composition, abundance, and distribution of had been sampled in 1959 were resampled about each species and its habitat. Survey several aquatic macrophytes in Newton Lake, using identical procedures. Historical data, researchers responded by developing an Illinois—the site of a major oil spill in 1985— however, go back even farther because in annotated directory of threatened and are being assessed over the next three years. In 1959 Survey ecologists sampled streams that endangered species at approximately 60 army addition, low-altitude aerial photographs and had been examined in the 1890s and 1930s. installations east of the Mississippi River. data from the Illinois geographic information Comparisons between the data on current fish They are also providing ecological informa¬ system will document changes in the extent communities and the historical data will tion pertinent to the management and recovery and location of aquatic vegetation throughout permit one of the first assessments of long¬ of these species. the lake. term changes in fish populations on a significant geographic scale.

Riparian vegetation Hybrid crappie as sport fish

L. Osborne, D. Kovacic D. Buck, M. Hooe Agricultural activities are major contributors White and black crappie are popular sport fish to the degradation of surficial water quality in but stocked in small impoundments, they tend the U.S. and the principal culprit in Illinois. to overpopulate, leading to stunting and severe Economically feasible techniques to reduce competition with bass and bluegill. A study to that impact are urgently needed. An investiga¬ determine if hybrid crappies might control tion of a Champaign County stream will overpopulation found that interspecific F; determine the value of streamside vegetation hybrids grew significantly faster than either in reducing surface and subsurface inputs of parent species. Their reproductive potential phosphorus and nitrogen from farm fertilizers. was similar to that of the parent species and The effectiveness of a perennial grass buffer they had the potential to backcross with parent strip, a forested buffer strip, and no buffer species. Recruitment levels, however, were strip (crops planted to the stream bank) will be lower than those of the parent species. Future compared. Results will help in the evaluation studies will determine if hybrids can sustain of federal and state agricultural policies desirable populations in impoundments with mandated by the Clean Water Act and in the largemouth bass and bluegills. restoration of Illinois streams.

Newton Lake oil spill four years later PIK programs and stream quality Sport fish forage

L. Osborne, P. Tazik B. Dickson, L. Osborne L. Osborne, P. Bayley, R. Larimore From 1973 to 1984, between 9,000 and 12,000 Because of the importance of agriculture to Research has demonstrated that macroinverte¬ oil pollution incidents occurred in U.S. waters. the U.S. economy, numerous federal programs brates, particularly crayfish, and smaller In April 1985, a pipeline ruptured spilling have been instituted to increase farm prices forage fish make up the principal diet of most more than 10,700 barrels of Louisiana crude and improve the competitive ability of stream sport fish. Research is underway to into Newton Lake, Illinois—the second farmers. In general, however, these policies assess the relationship between abundance of largest inland oil spill in U.S. history. Four fail to consider environmental benefits that food and densities of sport fish. From an years later. Survey scientists were asked by might simultaneously be gained through applied standpoint, attempts to restore stream Marathon Oil to assess the recovery of the programs like cropland set-asides. Data from systems to enhance fishing may prove useless bottom invertebrate fauna of Newton Lake. Soil Conservation Service files on the if forage is inadequate. In addition, hatchery Samples are being collected from 20 locations enrollment of farmers in PIK (payment in personnel need information on the carrying in the lake over a three-year period. These kind) programs in 12 Illinois watersheds will capacity of streams prior to stocking. From a data, in conjunction with pre-spill and initial be compared with historical data on surface more basic perspective, this study will provide impact data, will be used to predict the water quality to determine the effect of row information on predator-prey relationships in recovery time required by bottom fauna—an crop reductions on stream quality. Ultimately, aquatic ecosystems, a finding that will aid in important link in aquatic food chains— this study will assess potential environmental selecting systems most likely to benefit from following the accidental discharge of oil. benefits of federal agriculture policies. restoration. 10 Streams and the 1988 drought Downstream drift Lake Michigan lake trout

P Bayley, L. Osborne. K Larimore S. Kohler, J. Allan J. Epifanio, D. Philipp In addition to disturbances caused by human This research endeavors to clarify mecha¬ Invasion by the sea lamprey, over-harvest, and activities, stream populations must withstand nisms responsible for the downstream drift of pollution were responsible for the extirpation natural disturbances. The midwestem drought invertebrates and focuses on how animals of the lake trout of Lake Michigan in the of 1988 provided an opportunity for aquatic enter the water column and drift downstream, 1960s. Since then, a major effort has been biologists to examine the large-scale impact of whether drift entry is largely active or passive. underway to reestablish a self-sustaining drought on stream fish and macroinvertebrate This study is the first to demonstrate a link population through the introduction of populations. Under investigation is the between competition, drift, and the population hatchery fish. Over the years, several genetic recovery of sport fish and macroinvertebrates size of invertebrates in the field. Because stocks have been used as brood sources. at four locations in Champaign County. many fish species feed largely on drifting Studies to determine which of these stocks Results should provide managers with a invertebrates, understanding how and why contribute to natural reproduction are now measure of the elasticity of sport fish animals drift has potentially important beginning. Their objective is to develop a populations following a natural disturbance. management implications. A time-lapse video combination of molecular techniques that will Further, the study is testing fundamental system has been assembled to study the identify the brood-stock heritage of lake trout. ecological paradigms regarding the recovery behavior of invertebrates during the day and of disturbed ecosystems. night (using infrared illumination) in the field and laboratory.

Stocking largemouth bass Predators and benthic communities Largemouth bass recruitment

J. Claussen. D. Philipp S. Kohler. M. McPeek IX Philipp, T. Churchill Illinois has a substantial north-south climatic Researchers are attempting to determine the Illinois Department of Conservation biologists gradient, and aquatic environments in the role of fish predators in structuring benthic in¬ noted that largemouth bass have recruitment northern and southern parts of the State vertebrate communities in streams. Even problems in certain lakes in northern Illinois. experience different selective pressures. without consuming them, fish have important Field sampling will identify the duration and Through natural selection, fish populations effects on their invertebrate prey. Previous success of spawning in seven lakes, and data evolve local adaptations in response to these studies suggest that the presence of a common on growth, survival, and spawning success pressures. Experimental populations of ge¬ benthic-feeding fish may affect the behavior will identify lakes with recruitment problems. netically tagged stocks of largemouth bass, of one prey species but not that of its major The biological, climatic, and physicochemical one from northern and one from southern competitor. Consequently, the research team parameters of the lakes will then be compared. Illinois, were established around the State. predicts that the presence (or absence) of a Genetically tagged stocks of northern This study demonstrated that local adaptations shared predator will affect the outcome of largemouth bass have been introduced to give local stocks increased survival, growth, competition between the invertebrate species determine if a solution based on genetic and reproductive trails. These results suggest on which that predator feeds. Preliminary correction is feasible. Finally, metabolic that multiple hrood stocks be established to experiments support this prediction, and strategies of lake stocks will be compared with produce largemouth bass suited for the future studies may document its generality. those of known stocks to determine physio¬ specific geographic regions of the State. logical differences.

Genetics and walleye management Competition and invertebrate communities Introducing Florida largemouth bass

M. Jennings, D. Philipp 5. Kohler D. Philipp, G. Whitt, J. Claussen Walleye spawn on rocky-gravel shoals in The apparently disease-induced elimination of Florida largemouth bass reach very large lakes and on gravel beds in rivers. Ecologists a dominant periphyton-grazing insect sizes—in Florida. This fact has lured state speculate that these behaviors define two population in a stream created a natural fishery agencies to introduce Florida distinct stocks. In cooperation with fishery experiment in which to study the structural subspecies well north of their native range. agencies in Iowa. Minnesota, and Illinois, and functional roles of a key species. Initial Genetically tagged stocks of Florida and Survey researchers constructed genetically responses resembled those observed in earlier northern (from Wisconsin) largemouth bass tagged stocks of lake-spawning (Iowa) and experimental studies. The effects of the were used in laboratory and field experiments river-spawning (Minnesota) walleye. These removal of a key species, in this case an insect, to demonstrate that the two subspecies are hatchery-raised fish were released as fry into is expected to travel up the food web and to be physiologically and genetically distinct. When two lake-river habitats. Survival, growth, and observed as increases in growth rates and/or the fish were introduced into natural environ¬ reproduction are now being monitored. In a population densities of invertebratecompeti- ments in Illinois, the northern subspecies second study, genetically tagged walleye were tors and vertebrate predators. This research showed greater growth, survival, and introduced into Illinois lakes as fry and as will provide important information regarding reproductive success. Introgression caused by fingerlings. Stocking fry and 1 - to 2-inch how a single dominant species can affect the the introduction of the Florida subspecies fingerlings proved successful; returns from 3- structure and function of an entire ecosystem. could, therefore, drastically affect the to 5-inch fingerlings were poor. performance and fitness of native stocks. Local adaptation in largemouth bass Bluegill spawning dynamics Sunfish mating systems

./. Claussen, M. Gross, D. Philipp M. Jennings, D. Philipp D. Philipp, J. Claussen In contrast to the bluegill, which spawns Evolutionary theory has it that through the The bluegill population of Lake Opinicon, almost exclusively in large colonies, and the process of natural selection each population of Ontario is the subject of an ongoing study. pumpkinseed sunfish, which spawns almost a given species undergoes local adaptation to Each year from late May through mid-July, exclusively as solitary males, the longear its home environment in order to ensure the bluegill spawn in 4-6 distinct bouts. Parental sunfish does both. Behavioral observation and relative fitness of individuals. Based on this males form colonies of 5-350 males at various molecular techniques are being used with principle, researchers hypothesized that depths and on various substrates. Mating natural and experimental populations to assess “foreign” stock of largemouth bass (stock success ( eggs fertilized) and reproductive the relative mating and reproductive success produced from a source other than the home success (free-swimming fry produced) vary of solitary and colonial male spawners. lake) would be less fit than resident stock. greatly among males in the same colony, in Although interspecific competition from rock Genetically tagged stocks of largemouth bass different colonies, and in different bouts, and bass and smallmouth bass early in the from Wisconsin, Illinois, Texas, and Florida analyses are underway to determine which spawning season may affect a longear sunfish were used to establish experimental popula¬ factors contribute to success. Manipulations of male’s decision about how and where to tions from Minnesota to Florida. In every food intake will test the hypothesis that a spawn, the alternative tactics employed by case, local stock outperformed introduced male’s competitive ability and willingness to subordinate males apparently affect the stocks in survival, growth, and reproductive defend his brood is energy -limited, an important new concept in recruitment theory. mating system as well. success.

Paddlefish genetics Bluegill reproductive behavior Speciation and gene divergence

J. Epifanio, M. Nedhal, D. Philipp P. Kindlier, J. Bahr, D. Philipp J. Epifanio, D. Philipp The paddlefish is a primitive, long-lived fish The bluegill with its two distinct male life Speciation is a basic evolutionary process, but that inhabits large rivers, requires many years histories (parental and cuckolder) is an ideal gaps remain in our understanding of how to reach sexual maturity, and needs gravel species for the study of reproductive behavior. biological principles, particularly those at a bars with minimal flow regimes to reproduce. Using radioimmunoassay procedures to molecular level, interact during this process. Dams and impoundments have destroyed quantify serum hormone levels, researchers The sunfish family Centrarchidae is being much of its spawning habitat, and efforts to demonstrated that 11-ketotestosterone is studied because of the ease with which it save this fish must now rely on artificial important for parental male behavior but not hybridizes and because of the significant propagation. Before guidelines for selecting for cuckoldry; testosterone, however, appears degrees of divergence at structural genes. brood stock can be written, data on the genetic to be important for both life histories. They Regulatory gene divergence is measured by structure of this species are needed. With the postulate that 11-ketotestosterone is involved assessing the degree of aberrant enzyme Missouri Department of Conservation and in competitively aggressive behavior among activity during embryogenesis of hybrids and eleven other state and federal agencies. parental males during colony formation by increases in the bilateral asymmetry of Survey researchers are analyzing populations whereas testosterone is needed for sperm their morphological characters. Regulatory of paddlefish across the U.S., relying on a production. Field experiments coupled with and structural gene divergences are now being combination of protein electrophoresis and behavioral observations are testing that compared within and among three species mitochondria DNA analyses. hypothesis. pairs and their hybrids in three genera.

Reproductive strategies in Fish Cuckoldry in interspecific hybridization Environmental stress and genetic structure

M. Gross, D. Philipp B. Konkle, D. Philipp C. O'Bara, D. Philipp Male bluegill enter one of two mutually In Ontario’s Lake Opinicon bluegill and Certain kinds of environmental stress can exclusive life-history trajectories. Some delay pumpkinseed sunfish are about equally cause the extirpation of a species from a water maturation and spawn as parental males by abundant, but 3-4% are hybrids between the body either through acute mortalities or building nests, courting females, and two species. Using molecular genetic chronic reductions in reproductive success. remaining to guard the offspring. Others, analyses, researchers found that FI hybrids What is unknown are the effects of sublethal called cuckolders, mature at a much younger resulted from bluegill males mating with environmental stress on genetic structure. In a age and smaller size and “steal" fertilizations pumpkinseed females. Earlier work showed survey of stream communities, researchers are from spawning parental males by mimicking that the fitness of F hybrids is much reduced; using the Index of Biotic Integrity to classify female behavior. In vitro crosses substantiated therefore, hybridization is a mistake for the “ecological health" of a stream (and a genetic basis for these alternative life pumpkinseed females because they produce a therefore its stress load). To assess chronic histories, and molecular genetic techniques limited number of gametes and for male impacts on genetic structure, they are documented successful fertilization by bluegills because they exert considerable analyzing samples of two species of fish cuckolder males. Relying on behavioral energy in parental care. Further studies will collected in streams that range from heavily observations and molecular genetic tech¬ test the hypothesis that hybrids are primarily impacted to nonimpacted. Genetic alterations niques, researchers hope to prove for the first formed by bluegill cuckolders parasitizing may well serve as a mechanism for the early time a major component of life-history theory. spawning pumpkinseed pairs. detection of stress in the environment. 12 Cost-effective toxicity tests Water quality criteria in Illinois Mussel beds and sport fisheries

P. Ross, L. Burnett P. Ross. D. Zaber R. Sparks, P.Moy, R. 11 lyes Few toxicity tests can be implemented with The Illinois Pollution Control Board asked the As larvae, the 78 species of Illinois mussels small samples, low-cost testing periods, and Survey to provide a technical evaluation of the are parasitic on fish, using them for food and high statistical reliability; yet these very criteria proposed by the Illinois Environ¬ dispersal. Since the probability of random characteristics are needed if a variety of mental Protection Agency for chronic and encounters between fish and mussels ready to environmental contaminants are to be acute toxicity, the methodology used to release larvae is low, fish are probably monitored. A team of researchers have establish threshold criteria for water toxicity, attracted to mussels at the appropriate time. developed a toxicity testing battery that they the inadequacies of the proposed methodology Bluegill and white crappie, for example, are hope will accommodate those requirements. for the control of water toxics, and a descrip¬ attracted to mussels fresh from the river and Their six-test battery is currently being used to tion of other methodologies that might be used consume the small invertebrates that colonize evaluate the toxicity often common waste where a proposed methodology was consid¬ their shells. They also consume packets of disposal contaminants and will later be used ered inadequate. A 73-page report covering larvae expelled by mussels. If mussels provide on samples collected from waste disposal these topics was presented at a hearing of the a solid substrate for invertebrates in streams landfills. Illinois Pollution Control Board. otherwise dominated by shifting substrates and prove to be a significant food source for fish, the preservation of mussel beds is crucial.

Toxicity testing Contaminated sediment Channel catfish and barge traffic

P. Ross, L. Burnett P. Ross R. Sparks, B. Todd, F. Dillon A battery of toxicity tests was developed and The Water Quality Act of 1987 calls for a five- Channel catfish is a premium commercial fish ten chemicals common to waste disposal year study and demonstration program on in Illinois, but little is known about the effects sites—cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, methods to remove contaminated sediments of boat traffic on its seasonal habitat prefer¬ benzene, methoxychlor. pentachlorophenol, from Great Lakes harbors. The Act specifies ences in floodplain rivers. Radio-tagged phenanthrene, phenol, and toluene—were that the Ashtabula River, Ohio; the Buffalo catfish were observed moving into backwaters used to evaluate the tests. The dose at which River, New York; the Grand Calumet River, along the Illinois River whenever depths were half of a test population was inhibited or killed Indiana; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; and more than 1.5 feet and water levels were high was recorded for each chemical. With the ex¬ Sheboygan Harbor, Wisconsin, be given enough to provide access. So few fish ception of the extreme toxic response of a priority consideration for demonstration occupied the main channel during the passage green alga to the metals, responses of all test programs. A Survey aquatic ecologist is of barges that no conclusions could be drawn; organisms to all chemicals were similar. No coordinating the toxicity investigations at however, injured and disoriented flathead single most sensitive or least sensitive species these sites under a grant from the U.S. catfish and gizzard shad were observed in the emerged, a finding that supports the growing Environmental Protection Agency’s Great wake of towboats. Catfish had a clear belief among ecotoxicologists that more than Lake National Program Office in Chicago. preference for side channels and backwaters, one test must be used to determine the toxicity and the fishery could be improved by of a contaminated ecosystem. rehabilitating these sediment-choked habitats.

Toxic substances in the Illinois River Barge fleeting and mussel beds

P Ross, R. Sparks, F. Dillon, L Burnett R. Sparks, K. Blodgett By 1970, the standing crop of fish in the Barge fleeting areas and mussel beds tend to Illinois River was only 2% of what it had been overlap in large rivers because both require in 1908, and diving ducks had virtually ceased sites with little sedimentation. Researchers to visit the river. Survey researchers demon¬ found that if barges were moored in deep strated that a decline in the food supply water instead of tying them off to shore, shell (primarily fingernail clams, snails, and damage was prevented, although the fastest- mayflies) on which fish and ducks fed was growing species, the fragile papershell, responsible. A toxic factor associated with showed slower shell growth in the mooring sediments was suspected of keeping bottom¬ area than in other areas and several abundant dwelling organisms from recolonizing the species showed poor recruitment. Clearly, river. A project to identify this factor and its mussel beds require protection from distur¬ source established that sediments from the bance by commercial and pleasure boats. river are toxic to several standard reference Population data are needed for several species species. One hypothesis suggests that un¬ of mussels to determine the levels of survival, ionized ammonia with a toxic contribution growth, and reproduction necessary to sustain from hydrogen sulfide may be the toxic factor. native populations. Mussel die-offs in the Mississippi River Aquatic plant investigations Reservoir shad 13

R. Sparks, K. Blodgett P. Tazik, V. Carter D. Wald, M. Mounce This project began in 1986 in response to In 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated Young-of-the-year gizzard shad are the massive die-offs (3CM0% mortality) of the National Water Quality Assessment dominant forage for most piscivorous fishes in mussels in the Mississippi River from 1982 to Program to describe current water quality for Lake Shelbyville and other Illinois impound¬ 1986. Because no mussel die-offs occurred U.S. surface- and groundwater resources, to ments. Despite its importance as prey for sport during the project, investigators were unable define past trends and evaluate future ones, fishes, little is known about the growth and to conduct infectivity studies to determine and to relate trends in water quality to natural survival of juvenile shad. A variety of whether the cause was biological in origin. factors, land use, and waste management. The physical and biological factors influence They did, however, identify 37 types of Upper Illinois River Basin was included in population dynamics, including zooplankton bacteria in mussels obtained from the Illinois this program because of its diverse land uses. density, larval fish density, water temperature, and Mississippi rivers. That information In 1989, researchers conducted a preliminary adult spawning success, and predators. The forms a baseline for comparisons should survey of aquatic macrophyte populations at relative importance of each in determining mussel die-offs resume in the future. Illinois River study sites and at the Illinois growth and survival of young-of-the-year is Environmental Protection Agency’s water under investigation. The data generated will quality sites. These data will be used to select be used to develop management strategies to sites for more detailed investigations. ensure the production of gizzard shad as well as predator populations.

Long-term river research Aquatic vegetation in Pool 19 Land-use and fish abundance

J. Grubaugh P. Tazik, R. Anderson L. Osborne, P Bayley, R. Larimore Long-term data sets on the Illinois and Since the construction in 1913 of Lock and To protect the integrity of stream communi¬ Mississippi rivers are being organized and Dam 19, the pool of impounded water has ties, environmental planners and legislators computerized. Over one hundred years of decreased in depth due to sedimentation. must recognize the consequences to aquatic water level and discharge data from the Within 40 years, bottom sediments reached communities of land-use modifications in Survey, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the photic zone, allowing the growth of watersheds. Using aerial photographs in the U.S. Geological Survey, and several aquatic vegetation. The first estimates of conjunction with the ARC/INFO geographic municipalities are being compiled into a data vegetation cover in Pool 19 were made in the information system, researchers are examin¬ set. A 30-year data set on fish populations in mid-1960s, and later surveys have shown ing land-use patterns in relation to the the Illinois and a 17-year set on invertebrates dramatic increases in aquatic plant popula¬ structure of fish communities in five Cham¬ in the Keokuk Pool of the Mississippi will also tions. Aerial photographs have also been used paign County watersheds. Maps of historical be entered and verified. These data sets will to estimate coverage, and in 1986 standing land use were digitized so that comparisons constitute an important information resource crop biomass was estimated for abundant can be made with current data. This informa¬ for the future. species. During 1988, production data for tion will be used to assess changes over the Vallisneria americana, one of the dominant past thirty years and to predict long-term species in the pool, were collected. consequences of land-use modifications on fish communities.

Riverine vegetation in Pool 26 Clipping for cattail control Walleye survival and growth

P. Tazik, R. Anderson P. Tazik D. Wahl, F. Santucci, Jr. As part of the Upper Mississippi River Long¬ Cattails are a serious problem in ponds at the A study is in progress to compare survival and term Resource Monitoring Program, research¬ Natural Resources Studies Annex. Because growth of small (mean = 60 mm), medium ers are analyzing significant resource these ponds contain experimental fish (mean = 135 mm), and large (mean = 208 mm) problems; monitoring selected pools to define populations, chemical control is not an option. walleye stocked in Ridge Lake, a centrarchid- long-term rate, direction, and extent of Pulling cattails is labor intensive and dominated impoundment. Fall population changes in fish and wildlife habitats; and relatively ineffective. In 1988 the effective¬ estimates indicated that large fingerlmgs had developing data management systems and ness of controlling cattails by cutting was the highest survival rate, followed by medium techniques to aid in river management. In investigated. In June all cattails in three ponds fingerlings. No small walleye were recovered 1989, studies included qualitative mapping of were cut at the sediment surface. Clipping in extensive field sampling, a finding that lowland and aquatic vegetation along selected continued throughout the summer to ensure suggests they suffered 100% mortality. In transects, transfer of groundtruth and that plants never reached the water surface. Ridge Lake, walleye primarily consumed qualitative information to maps for digitizing Plants decayed quickly and were maintained bluegill, and annual growth increments were and entry into the CRIC system, and prepara¬ at acceptable levels. Clipping is less laborious moderate compared with the growth rate of tion of voucher specimens. than pulling and eliminates the chemical risk; systems that contained such alternate prey as however, it requires careful monitoring, gizzard shad orcyprinids. especially during the first growing season. BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY The mission of the Section of Botany and Department of Transportation. Managed by Plant Pathology is to discover new informa¬ Mr. David Ketzner, ILPIN includes informa¬ tion about the plants of Illinois and to apply tion on taxonomy, distribution, biology, Anton G. Lndress, Head existing knowledge about them in new ways. ecology, wildlife and livestock relationships, Included in this study of plants are their functional and structural relationships, status, diseases; the habitats, ecosystems, and land¬ human impact, revegetation and management, scape that support them; and the human natural community preferences, and docu¬ activities that affect them. mentation references. A number of citizens and several state agencies used ILPIN during Public Service the year, with major requests for information To be truly effective, the results of research from personnel at the Department of Trans¬ studies and the management recommenda¬ portation, the Department of Conservation, tions based on those results must be conveyed and the Chicago Botanic Garden and from to homeowners, municipalities, professional other staff members at the Illinois Natural groups, and other public and private agencies. History Survey. Only through an active partnership between scientists and these groups can the intelligent Botanists responded to the much discussed development, maintenance, and conservation lack of scientific literacy among American of the vegetation of the State be ensured. youth in a direct and positive manner by establishing a working relationship with the That partnership was demonstrated in the elementary teachers of Champaign’s public more than 600 inquiries received concerning schools. Teachers and members of the staff tree and shrub diseases, plant maintenance, the are working together to develop dynamic and selection of tree cultivars, the identification of scientifically accurate curricular materials for mushrooms and plants, prairie restoration, and classroom use. The first science units will be the selection of species for revegetating highly tested in classrooms during the 1989-1990 disturbed lands. Over 250 diseased specimens school year. Each unit draws heavily on the of trees and other plants were received for scientific expertise of the Section, and laboratory diagnosis from foresters, farm whenever possible scientific concepts are advisors, and homeowners; approximately illustrated with examples drawn from central 200 on-site examinations were made for Illinois. The staff of the Section of Botany and commercial and city arborists, extension staff, Plant Pathology have also participated in conservation managers, and homeowners. The public education activities by contributing long-term consequences of the drought on the information at workshops for science teachers, health and longevity of trees, shrubs, and by judging projects at science fairs, by native wildflowers and grasses were of presenting talks in classrooms and school particular concern to many callers during the assemblies, and by serving as sources of late summer and fall of 1988. By spring 1989, scientific expertise that teachers may call the subject of most inquiries had shifted to two upon. tree diseases that had become unusually severe, perhaps because of last year’s drought: As a consequence of above-average tempera¬ scab on crabapple and anthracnose on ture, widespread drought, and elevated levels sycamore. of air pollutants in 1988, regional electric consumption set new high records, water was With the completion of basic data entry and rationed in many areas, and the nation’s grain the release of a user’s guide, use of the Illinois harvest fell below consumption for the first Plant Information Network (ILPIN) increased time in several years. These and similar events dramatically. ILPIN, a computerized collec¬ were widely reported by the media as scary tion of information about the vascular plants consequences of a major climate change of Illinois, was developed by Dr. Louis attributed to a greenhouse effect. Iverson with funding from the Illinois Global climate patterns and the greenhouse greenhouse effect. Over the past year, the citizens of the State live in urban areas, 15 effect remain lively issues because of the members of the Section made a concerted and Illinois ranks 47th among states in public possible implications for agriculture and food effort to aid and promote the several reforesta¬ land open space per capita. For many, urban production in Illinois and because of their tion and environmental planning programs forests and other urban space may be their impact on the abundance, distribution, and that will be highly visible and important only exposure to the natural world. vitality of the State’s living organisms. In the statewide initiatives during the next few years. past year, several research efforts focused on Major elements of this effort included the de¬ Special Recognition the consequences to organisms of changes in velopment of specific information for the In August of 1988, Dr. Louis Iverson the quality of the environment. Studies Governor's Office and others concerning the presented a paper, co-authored by Ms. centered on drought-related stress and the selection and planting of appropriate tree spe¬ Elizabeth Cook, entitled “Interpreting Forest consequences of ozone pollution on native cies or cultivars at sites where they can Biome Productivity and Cover Utilizing and economically important plant species. prosper, the initiation of study to determine Nested Scales of Image Resolution and Reforestation, particularly in urban areas, was the feasibility of integrating cultivar-specific Biogeographical Analysis,” at the Final also investigated as a means of reducing the information with the multi-decade Illinois Thematic Mapper Workshop at the University greenhouse effect. weather data set to generate an Illinois- of Maryland, College Park. Their project was specific vegetation hardiness map. and the well received by NASA representatives and Tree planting campaigns are being vigorously initiation of a project to characterize the urban the thirty-five assembled principal investiga¬ promoted because trees can reduce the amount landscape of forty municipalities within the tors. After review, their research received top of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere, greater Chicago metropolitan area and to ratings and was cited for “new and innovative offsetting emissions from the burning of fossil identify the spatial and temporal changes in use of the technology.” fuel and slowing climate change from the the patterns of its use. Eighty-three percent of Research Reports The pages that follow summarize the research activities underway in the Section of Botany and Plant Pathology during the past fiscal year. Their range is varied and their practical applications apparent. Of special interest to readers concerned with environmental issues are the compensatory mechanism of a radish cultivar to ozone stress and the improved performance of a nonnative weed species to increasing concentrations of ozone. 16 Leptosphaeria monograph Diversity in tree selection Assessing land cover in Illinois

J. Crane A. Endless, R. Neely, D. Schoeneweiss L Iverson, E. Cook Leptosphaeria (fungi) contains a large number Concern about the greenhouse effect, habitat Current land cover and land-cover changes for of biologically important and diverse species fragmentation, and loss of biodiversity has the Chicago metropolitan region and several and is in need of taxonomic revision. New generated new interest in tree planting. communities of east-central Illinois are being descriptions and illustrations of each of these Selecting appropriate species and locating assessed with satellite imagery and geo¬ species are being prepared. The monograph them where they can prosper is essential if the graphic information system techniques. that will result from this study will be a dangers of unplanned reforestation are to be Emphasis is on identifying urban forestland significant publication because it will permit avoided. Species uniformity, for example, and the rate of change in these and other the correct application of a name and the leaves the newly forested landscape highly vegetated open spaces. This land-cover correct identification of the causal agents of vulnerable and must be avoided as must the information will be correlated to water quality many plant and animal diseases, including costs of caring for and perhaps replacing trees within watersheds and to various economic species found on crop plants. planted at locations for which they were not and social variables in order to evaluate the adapted. Research and management expertise importance of forests and grasslands to the must be available at the community level if overall quality of life in urban areas. tree planting campaigns are to succeed.

Environmental impacts on native grasses Drought and crop photosynthesis Plants in oil field soils

A. Endless, L. Iverson C. Grunwald L. Iverson, D. Ketzner The recent co-occurrence of periods of When water is in short supply, reduced growth A test plot was established in 1986 near Flora drought with increased ozone pollution may and decreased numbers of flowers and seeds in Clay County, Illinois, to assess the capacity seriously diminish the ability of native species are the aspects of plant development most of 17 plant species to withstand salty to prosper. The intra- and interspecific- visibly affected. Research focused on the conditions on brine-contaminated soils. After competitive abilities of big bluestem, Indian critical function of photosynthesis, but not all three growing seasons, the most successful grass, and giant foxtail were studied in plants responded to the same degree. At a species were tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elon- response to ozone and drought stresses, singly given stress level, net photosynthesis in corn gatum) and the four-winged saltbush (Atriplex and combined. Responses were complex and was inhibited by 75% but only by 40% in canescens). Additional seedings and treat¬ varied according to severity of stress, soybean. The relationship between lowered ments were established in 1987 on a barren particular species mixture, and relative plant weight and yield was unclear. Yield area surrounding the test plot. Results proved proportion of each species. Interestingly, the seemed to be determined more by total photo¬ inconclusive because of excessively dry con¬ performance of the nonnative weed species synthesis over the entire growing season than ditions; however, tall wheatgrass established (giant foxtail) was stimulated by increasing by that which occurred only during the over much of the area. ozone concentrations. drought-sensitive seed-filling period.

Leafless sycamores

R. Neely Many sycamore trees in Illinois were leafless during the early growing season in 1989. Only after mid-June did these trees begin to establish a full crown of leaves. This condition was the result of weather that favored anthracnose, a fungus disease of sycamores. The fungus and not the tree is vigorous during extended cool periods in late fall and early spring. Plant pathologists are seeking environmentally acceptable methods of controlling the disease. A trunk injection that eliminates the need for foliar sprays has been successful in field trials for two to three years. Dutch elm disease in Chicago 17

D. Neely Illinois is the only state where a number of cities have kept Dutch elm disease losses to a relatively low rate. These cities attempted to maintain elm population while replacing lost elms with tree species not susceptible to disease. Control was based on the prompt removal of diseased trees. When the control area was as large as a city, the measure proved successful. Plant pathologists have evaluated the success of those efforts for 35 years and found that most elms in 20 cities that practiced control were retained whereas elms in other cities had been lost by 1970. Cities with the will found the way.

Tubakia leaf spot on oak Generic limits and evolution in Maloideae Illinois Plant Information Network

D. Neely K. Robertson L. Iverson, D. Ketzner Oaks are highly regarded as an amenity tree. Scientists disagree about the number of genera The Illinois Plant Information Network They function well in cities and in forests, but in the Maloidae group of the rose family; (ILPIN), a computerized catalog of informa¬ a disease that can cause premature defoliation some say fewer than 10, others say more than tion on the vascular flora of Illinois, presents of oak leaves in August or September has been 30 genera. This study strives to formulate a data in such categories as species taxonomy observed in central and northern Illinois. Plant system of classification that reflects both and distribution as well as providing material pathologists in the Section have observed, phenetic divergence and cladistic relation¬ on wildlife and livestock relationships, human described, and established the cause of the ships and to develop hypotheses of evolution¬ impacts, and natural community preference. disease—the fungus Tubakia dryina. Because ary history. A suite of morphological References for each species are also given. the disease is more severe on stressed than on characters for 150 species, representing the Data entry for all Illinois species has been nonstressed trees, maintaining the vigor of taxonomic and geographical diversity of the completed, and the value of ILPIN is already oaks through fertilization, watering, and nearly 1,000 species of Maloideae, has been established with recent requests for informa¬ mulching should reduce the incidence of the analyzed by cladistic and phenetic methods. tion from the Department of Transportation, disease. the Department of Conservation, and the Chicago Botanic Garden.

Canker on honeylocusl Getting used to air pollutants

D. Neely A. Endless, S. Post Honeylocust has been used extensively in Sustaining food production in the face of an Illinois as a replacement for elms lost to Dutch uncertain climate and deteriorating air quality elm disease. Many of these trees are now 30 is a subject of considerable importance, and years old and have been observed to decline past research with soybeans has been and die in urban sites. One cause of the decline broadened to include vegetables. The radish is the incidence of a canker caused by the cultivar ‘Cherry Belle’ proved not as sensitive fungus Thyronectria austro-americana. Plant to ozone as previously believed. It compen¬ pathologists in the Section have assessed the sates for ozone stress by developing larger severity of the disease on six cultivars of leaves that are more ozone-resistant. Studies honeylocust and found that cankers were least are under way to define this compensatory frequent on ‘Imperial’, ‘Holka’, and ‘Shade- mechanism more fully and to determine master’. These disease-resistant cultivars whether it is common to other plant species. should be emphasized in landscape plans. ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY The mission ot' the Section of Economic custom pesticide applicators and cover topics Entomology is to discover and develop that range from how to identify pests to per¬ methods for protecting agricultural crops, spectives on environmental issues. Proceed¬ William G. Ruesink, Head forests, and ornamental plants, as well as ings are published for two of these programs: humans and domestic animals, from injury by the Crop Protection Workshop and the Agri¬ insects, mites, ticks, and vector-borne cultural Pesticides Conference. diseases. Other educational programs take entomolo¬ The Section is composed of research gists into fields and meetinghouses across the entomologists, extension specialists, and State. During the past year. Section staff supporting personnel funded by the Illinois participated in over 100 such efforts, Natural History Survey and the College of including “agronomy day” programs, winter Agriculture of the University of Illinois at tillage workshops, pesticide applicator Urbana-Champaign. Since 1885, these two training clinics, seed clinics, master gardener institutional units have collaborated to meet training, a workshop on greenhouse insects, the entomological needs of the agricultural and the Illinois Fruit and Vegetable School. community and to serve the citizens of the Research scientists gave additional talks on State. their specialties to such groups as the Mid- America and Illinois Christmas Tree Growers, Public Service the Professional Crop Consultants of Illinois, The majority of public service activities were the Illinois Environmental Health Associa¬ organized and led by Extension entomolo¬ tion, the Illinois Science Teachers Conven¬ gists. These activities included writing (in tion, the Illinois Native Plant Society, and the collaboration with other specialists at the Sierra Club. University of Illinois) three newsletters that were distributed to over 4,000 people during On 15 June 1989, over 200 people attended 1989. The Home, Yard & Garden Pest the first-ever Agricultural Entomology Field Newsletter is published weekly (20 issues) Day at the Section’s research plots in during the summer. Insect, Weed & Plant Champaign. Visitors saw insect pests and Disease Survey Bulletin follows the same insect damage just as farmers would see them summer schedule and in addition is published in their fields. They also heard firsthand twice during the winter. Illinois Spray Service reports on current research, with emphasis on Report serves the commercial fruit-growing developments in biological control. industry and is issued 17 times during the growing season. Extension entomologists also Several displays were prepared and shown by completed the revision of circulars on insect research scientists, with topics ranging from pest management in four areas: commercial “Insects of Illinois Trees and Shrubs” shown vegetable crops, livestock and livestock at the State Fair to samples from the Survey buildings, field and forage crops, and home, insect collection shown at the Boy Scout yard and garden. These guides note which Camporee at Clinton Lake. insect pests are expected to be most important during the coming year and suggest how to Service at a more personal level was rendered avoid or mitigate the problems they cause. by scientists who judged entries at local science fairs or insect collections at the State Each year the Section organizes five multidis¬ Fair, who gave lectures in courses at the ciplinary educational programs with an University of Illinois, who served on the attendance of about 1,500. These are one-to- advisory committees of graduate students, three-day meetings for such interested parties who identified insects and ticks for individual as farmers, farm managers, fertilizer and citizens, and who served as members or pesticide dealers, crop consultants, and advisors for such groups as the Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, the Illinois Ground- research trials, county and area meetings, serves on the editorial board of the Journal of water Technical Standards Advisory statewide conferences, and written educa¬ Arboriculture, Dr. Marcos Kogan is on the Committee, and the Grand Prairie Friends of tional material.” To cite only one example, editorial boards of Entomologia Experimen¬ Illinois. since 1980 Dr. Steffey has carried out insect talis et Applicata and Miscellaneous Publica¬ management tests with nearly 150 farmer tions of the Entomological Society of America, During the past year much concern was cooperators in 55 counties. Dr. Michael E. Irwin serves on the editorial expressed over mosquitoes reproducing in board of the Bulletin of the Entomological abandoned tires. Scientists from Economic Extension entomologist Donald E. Kuhlman, Society of America. Dr. Catherine E. Eastman Entomology provided counsel to the City of who has been with the Section since 1966, was is a member of the editorial board of the Chicago on methods of controlling tire- selected by the University of Illinois for its Journal of Economic Entomology, and Mr. inhabiting mosquitoes and technical informa¬ newly created position of Program Leader for John K. Bouseman was a member of the tion on the biology and control of these Environmental Issues. While working with the search committee for editor of the Coleopter- mosquitoes to the Illinois Pollution Control entomology program at the Survey, Dr. ists Bulletin. Board and the Governor’s committee that Kuhlman became a leading spokesman for the wrote the 1989 Waste Tire Legislation. They safe use of insecticides. In recent years his Section scientists have also served in other also assisted in delimiting the distribution of interests and expertise broadened to include highly responsible capacities for national and the Asian tiger mosquito in Chicago and East agricultural chemicals other than insecticides. regional organizations. Perhaps most notable St. Louis. The University recognized his value to newly of these is Dr. Catherine E. Eastman, serving emerging programs and created a position that her second three-year term as representative Special Recognition will provide Dr. Kuhlman with greater oppor¬ from the 9,000 member Entomological Members of the Section of Economic tunities to reduce the environmental damage Society of America to the American Associa¬ Entomology strive for excellence in every caused by agricultural chemicals and tion for the Advancement of Science. On a aspect of their work. By and large, their practices. regional level. Dr. William G. Ruesink was greatest reward is the joy that comes from program chair for the 1989 meetings of the discovering new facts, unraveling the Research entomologist Michael E. Irwin has North Central Branch of the Entomological mysteries of nature, and conveying this new been appointed to a five-year term as Deputy Society of America, and Dr. Kevin L. Steffey information to others. Occasionally, as a Executive Director of the Consortium for is chair of its ad hoc Public Information/Public byproduct of scientific success, a scientist International Crop Protection. This consor¬ Relations Committee. earns the additional pleasure of an honor tium of universities serves as a clearing house bestowed by peers. During the past year, the and management center for projects working And, finally. Section scientists are often Section has received several of these pleasant to improve pest management in developing invited to speak to gatherings of other surprises. nations throughout the world. scientists, but only occasionally is one invited to an especially prestigious forum. During the The World Bibliography of Soybean Entomol¬ The value of a scientific organization is past year, two such invitations were received. ogy, a two-volume work by a team of ento¬ measured in large part by the strength of its In February, Dr. Michael E. Irwin delivered a mologists, librarian, and computer scientist— publications activities. The vitality of the paper on ecological niches occupied by thrips Ms. Jenny Kogan, Dr. Marcos Kogan, Mr. Section can be seen in the number of scientists at the International Conference on Thrips in Charles G. Helm, and Ms. Ellen F. Brewer— who have been asked to serve as editors or on Burlington, Vermont; in April, Dr. Marcos won the 1989 Oberly Award for Bibliographic editorial boards and committees: Dr. James E. Kogan spoke on integrated pest management Excellence in Agricultural and Related Appleby is editor of Illinois Arboriculture and of soybeans as part of the Distinguished Sciences, an award given by the American Lecturer Series at Texas A&M University. Library Association. The bibliography represents twenty years of effort in acquiring Research Reports and electronically indexing the world’s litera¬ The nearly sixty research summaries that ture on insects of soybeans. Six detailed follow make clear the value of the Section of indexes provide superb guidance to the more Economic Entomology to the agricultural than 5,000 entries in 24 languages from 87 community of Illinois—from soybean and countries. corn farmers to horseradish and pumpkin growers. Of interest to all lllinoisians, whether Extension entomologist Kevin L. Steffey was urban or rural residents, are the many studies the 1989 recipient of the Young Faculty that look to biological pest control and the Award for Excellence in Extension from the reduction of pesticides in the soils and streams College of Agriculture at the University of of the State. Illinois. This award is given for “outstanding professional achievement and demonstrated excellence.” In granting this award, the University wrote. Dr. Steffey “has demon¬ strated excellence in all aspects of Extension education, including field demonstration/ 20 Asian tiger mosquito Cule.x in an urban environment Mosquito resistance to insecticides

R. Novak. B. Steinly, D. Webb B. Steinly, N. lannone. R. Novak R. Metcalf, R. Novak, R. Lampman The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes Albopictus, Researchers evaluated the Champaign- Studies are underway to determine the number is presently found in significant numbers Urbana-University of Illinois Vector Control of generations required by mosquitoes to within two Illinois cities, Chicago and East St. Program by placing containers for egg laying establish resistance to chemical and bacterio¬ Louis. Since this highly domestic mosquito is by Cule.x mosquitoes at a variety of locations logical insecticides. Populations of Aedes capable of carrying 26 known viruses that throughout the Twin Cities and the Campus. albopictus and other container-inhabiting affect man, as well as dog heart-worm, the The contents of these containers were sampled mosquitoes from Illinois and adjacent states assessment of its spread is essential. Informa¬ daily. Information from this surveillance was will be evaluated for current levels of tion from this study will be used to develop used to determine the success of the control resistance. That information will be used to control strategies to inhibit its rapid spread program and to identify areas where increased develop control programs that will inhibit or and to reduce its numbers in congested urban control was warranted. Entomological and prevent the development of resistance. In areas. In addition, this study will provide data logistical information from this study will be addition, insight into the biological processes on the number, density, and primary habitats used to develop criteria for similar programs that cause this resistance will be gained. of other important mosquitoes found in urban throughout the State. environments.

Alternatives to chemical controls Aedes triseriatus in an urban environment Epidemiology of insect diseases

R. Novak. R Metcalf. R. Lampman R. Novak. B. Steinly. R. Milton D. Onstad, J. Maddox Container-inhabiting mosquitoes frequent the Aedes triseriatus. a container-inhabiting To study mechanisms leading to epidemics, a homes and yards of urban dwellers. This study mosquito that breeds in tree holes and tires, is complex mathematical model of the European tests and evaluates several products com¬ the primary carrier in Illinois of LaCrosse corn borer, a pest of corn, and its naturally monly found in homes, products that can Encephalitis virus, a suburban-rural disease occurring disease caused by Nosema pyrausta safely be used to control these mosquitoes. In that has recently been isolated in urban was computed on the Cray X/MP-48 addition, this study will make available environments. Information collected to date supercomputer at the National Center for information that can be used by homeowners shows that significant populations are now Supercomputing Applications. Results to prevent mosquitoes from breeding on their indigenous to urban areas, especially older demonstrated that a traditional theory in premises. sections of cities. Results of this study will epidemiology is too simple to explain the help to devise a predictive model of disease epidemics in complex natural systems. transmission in cities so that environmentally safe control strategies can be developed.

-f- Container-inhabiting mosquitoes

R. Novak, G. Craig, Jr., B. Steinly The arrival of the Asian tiger mosquito in Illinois has generated considerable interest in container-inhabiting mosquitoes. The aquatic larval and adult populations of Aedes albopictus, Ac. triseriatus, Cule.xpipiens and C.v. restuans are are being examined in artificial settings (tires) and natural sites (tree rot holes) at several locations in Illinois and adjacent states. The four species carry microbes that affect man, and this study is designed to identify environmental character¬ istics that play important roles in the transmis¬ sion and maintenance of these microbes. Suppression of flour beetles Alfalfa weevil: old pest, new solution? Corn-growing subregions in the Midwest 21

D. Onslad, J. Maddox S. Roberts, A. Kirts, E. Armbrust, J. Maddox M. McGiffen, W. Ruesink A detailed mathematical model of the Alfalfa weevils are destructive to first-crop A statistical analysis divided the Midwest into confused flour beetle, a pest of stored grain alfalfa, and control traditionally required an six subregions—clusters of counties with products, and its pathogen, Nosema whitei, insecticide often sprayed more than once a similar com production characteristics. April was computed on the Cray X/MP-48 year. In recent years, parasites have become and July temperature and precipitation, soil supercomputer at the National Center for established and have helped to control the pest characteristics, acreage planted, and yield Supercomputing Applications to determine naturally. Now a fungal pathogen shows were considered. The northern two-thirds of the effect of the disease on population density promise for controlling this serious pest. Illinois fall into the prime corn-growing over time. Results indicated that the disease Efforts currently center on the collection of subregion. Counties in southern Illinois have can suppress beetles to a density that is 90% biological material for laboratory studies to characteristics more typical of the Southeast below the density of disease-free populations. develop ways of producing this fungus in than the Midwest. This analysis is part of a This finding is an initial step in understanding quantities that will allow its use as a biological regional project to set priorities for research in the ecology of this pest. control agent. Applications of this pathogen corn pest management and illustrates why would be safe because it is not harmful to field studies must be replicated in various humans, animals, or other parasites or growing regions. predators.

Timing of disease processes Potato leatbopper control Phylogeny of microsporidia

D. Onstad, J. Maddox, L. Solter E. Armbrust, S. Roberts, M. Morris C. Vossbrinck, M. Baker, B. Debrunner- The timing of events in the life cycle of the Oaks, maples, apple orchards, grasses, weeds, Vossbrinck, ./. Maddox European com borer can be important in the and clover were sampled to determine the Members of the phylum Microsporida, the transmission and spread of a chronic disease types of leafhoppers present after their spring oldest known group of eukaryotic organisms, caused by a protozoan. Two experiments migration from southern states. The potato are parasites of every animal phylum. investigated the dynamics of this disease. In leafhopper was the most abundant, and these Although 1,500 species have been described, the first, development times of diseased borers plants may therefore be serving as a source of several million undescribed species undoubt¬ proved significantly slower than those of adult leafhoppers for adjacent alfalfa fields. edly exist. The classification of the microspo¬ healthy borers at average summer tempera¬ By monitoring neighboring plants, entomolo¬ ridia is in disarray, largely because no one tures in Illinois. In the second, the production gists may be able to forecast damaging knows which taxonomic characters are of infective spores by the pathogen increased populations on alfalfa. By controlling primitive or the phylogenetic relationships of as the insect pest grew older. This information leafhoppers on nonagricultural plants, farmers the microsporidian genera. Survey scientists will ultimately prove useful in the control of may be able to reduce the pesticides used on have sequenced rRNA from 17 species of six this pest. food crops. genera in an effort to determine generic relationships and the relationships of taxonomic characters.

Modes of disease transmission Fungus reduces potato leafhopper Gypsy moth microsporidia

D. Onstad, J. Maddox, L. Solter S. Roberts, A. Kirts, J. Maddox, E. Armbrust J. Maddox, M. Jeffords A protozoan disease of the European com The potato leafhopper, a serious pest of alfalfa Some microsporidia are important naturally borer is known to be transmitted from one and other crops, feeds by piercing the plant occurring biological control agents of the immature insect to another by feeding on and sucking out its juices, thereby stunting the gypsy moth. Researchers obtained several infective spores or by being transmitted plant and causing it to yellow. Research species of microsporidia from Eurasia, the congenitally from female to offspring. currently focuses on a naturally occurring native home of the gypsy moth, and intro¬ Research is in progress to determine if the fungal pathogen that reduces potato leafhop¬ duced them into experimental populations of spread of this disease is complicated by other per populations. This pathogen is harmless to gypsy moths. Prior to widespread introduc¬ modes of transmission such as feeding by humans and animals, can be manipulated by tions. however, extensive information must be adult com borers or venereally from infected artificial introduction, and may help to reduce provided to regulatory authorities. The males to uninfected females. Results may help the applications of pesticides now required to generic placement of the microsporidia is an to understand why epidemics occur in control potato leafhoppers in Illinois. important issue, and researchers are determin¬ populations of this serious pest of com. ing the life cycles and ultrastructural charac¬ teristics of these species in order to place them in the correct genus. Oviposition behavior of Cule.x Introduction of gypsy moth microsporidia Spiroplasma and leafhopper longevity

B. Steinly, R. Novak M. Jeffords. B. Dhar, ./. Maddox C. Eastman. H.Oloumi-Sadeghi This study is designed to determine a Microsporidia, protozoanlike pathogens of Studies of the effects of a plant-pathogenic sampling procedure that can be used to invertebrates, are important naturally spiroplasma on the longevity of its primary characterize the egg-laying preferences of occurring biological control agents of many insect vector and alternate host—the beet Cule.x (Cule.x) in urban environments. Two insects. Several are known to control the leafhopper—were concluded during the year. aspects of the oviposition environment have gypsy moth in its native home, Eurasia. These Infected leafhoppers lived almost as long as been examined: color of the container for egg microsporidia do not occur in the U.S., and healthy leafhoppers, and some were able to laying (ovitrap) and water quality of the egg- researchers have used an egg contamination transmit spiroplasmas to test plants until laying surface. Three of the Cule.x species method to introduce five species into experi¬ death. This finding lends support to the view studied are considered primary carriers of St. mental gypsy moth populations. Four of the that the "successful" plant pathogens among Louis Encephalitis Virus, a severe disease of five species have persisted over at least one those that multiply in their vectors may have man. Information from this research will be winter, and one has persisted for three years in co-evolved with their primary vectors to the used to develop a model capable of predicting the same location. extent that the possible harmful aspects of this outbreaks of this disease in Illinois. pathogen-insect vector relationship are minimized.

Pod feeding by bean leaf beetles A microsporidium of flies Horseradish susceptibility to infection

M. Kogan. C Helm. D. Buchori S. Lanka. ./. Maddox C. Eastman Second-generation bean leaf beetles are The microsporidium Octosporea muscaedo- Greenhouse trials evaluated the susceptibility known to injure soybean pods late in the mesticae infects a range of fly species, of Illinois horseradish cultivars to infection by season, scarring pod walls and thereby including blowflies and syrphid flies. Its effect the brittle root spiroplasma, believed to be facilitating the entrance of fungal spores into on field populations is not known, but it is a transmitted primarily by the beet leafhopper. the pod interior and the developing seeds. Ten major problem in laboratory colonies. Several Preliminary results indicate differences in species of fungi generally innocuous to strains exist, and they behave differently in susceptibility among Commons, Swiss, and soybeans were associated with seeds in different host species. The effects of different Eastern cultivars, all of which were less scarred pods. Studies indicate that seed injury isolates of this pathogen on host flies other susceptible than turnip to spiroplasma is most intense when scarring occurs early in than the host from which they were isolated infection. This study is part of a pest manage¬ pod development and increases with the are being studied because host-pathogen ment program developed to explore biological increase of bean leaf beetle populations. relationships differ significantly when cross and cultural alternatives to the routine Detailed mappings of pod injury show that transmissions occur. Microsporidia may even application of chemical pesticides in pods developing in the upper third of plants become new species by invading new hosts horseradish production. suffer most from scarring. These data are and then becoming isolated, and an attempt essential in defining economic injury levels will be made to verify this hypothesis. for soybeans.

Identifying gypsy moth microsporidia Control of insects on woody plants Insects associated with horseradish

./. Maddox. M. Jeffords P. Nixon. R. Randell C. Eastman. H. Oloumi-Sadeghi Several species of microsporidia. biological American arborvitae were sprayed with A study conducted in 1988-1989 in south¬ control agents of the gypsy moth, were several insecticides during the summer of western Illinois determined the incidence of collected in Eurasia, the native home of the 1988 to test their efficacy against bagworms. insects associated with commercial horserad¬ gypsy moth. These have now been introduced Their success increases the options of ish production, especially leaf-feeding insects into experimental gypsy moth populations. professionals as well as homeowners in and their natural enemies. Sweep-net The microsporidia recovered from these maintaining aesthetically appealing plants in sampling, leaf collection, examination of populations must be positively identified as the landscape. A bacterial insecticide, a form whole plants, and sex-attractant traps were the same species that were introduced. of biological control, was sprayed on willow used to collect these insects. Parasites were Ribosomal RNA sequences have therefore trees in the spring of 1989 to test its efficacy reared from the diamondback moth, the been determined for them. Because each against willow leaf beetle larvae. Its success imported cabbageworm, the cabbage looper, sequence is unique, it can be used to identify a will prove useful to environmentally con¬ a leaf mining fly, and two predator species. given microsporidium that was introduced scious arborists and will help to establish Outbreaks of the false chinch bug and the into a field population. plantings near water bodies to reduce soil diamondback moth required control measures erosion. during 1988, but preventive treatment for leafhoppers reduced the chance of a brittle root disease epidemic. Insect control for horseradish Diamondback moth rearing Insects associated with canola 23

C. Eastman, H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, D. Dazey H. Oloumi-Sadeghi C. Eastman, H. Oloumi-Sadeghi Many horseradish growers apply insecticides Because the diamondback moth has devel¬ In a study of potential insect pests on fall- several times a season to control disease oped resistance to many commonly used planted canola, a field of this oilseed crop in vectors or to kill insects they believe may insecticides, it has achieved major status as a Madison County was monitored every 1-2 reduce yields. However, there is no quantita¬ pest of cruciferous crops. Rearing this moth weeks from March through June, 1989. tive evidence to suggest a relationship successfully in the laboratory is prerequisite to Damage to the growing tips of canola was between these measures and yield. A field trial determining many of its bio-ecological attributed to clover cutworm. Pods on plants begun in 1989 in Madison County evaluated characteristics. Studies of a diamondback in border areas were damaged by true the effect of various levels of control on insect moth colony (originally collected from armyworms emigrating from a nearby wheat populations and horseradish yield. Treatments horseradish fields) to determine its life cycle field late in the season. Such pests as the varied from applications at 2-week intervals under laboratory conditions were completed, diamondback moth, imported cabbageworm, from late May to mid-August to applications and sex ratio, female fertility and fecundity, and two species of aphids were occasionally only upon recommendation of research developmental rates for various life stages, observed in low numbers. Studies are planned personnel to no treatment. Insect populations and reproductive biology of this species were to determine the incidence of pest and are being monitored, and determinations of determined. This information will be used to beneficial insects in this new crop in various yield will be made in November. develop life tables for diamondback moth on production areas within the State. cruciferous crops.

Population dynamics of diamondback moth

H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, C. Eastman The population dynamics of the diamondback moth in horseradish were determined in a 1988-1989 study at several field sites in southwestern Illinois. This moth appears to have six or seven generations each year, with the first generation developing on wild crucifers. Spring and late summer populations on horseradish were higher than those in mid¬ summer, and such factors as plant variety, presence of natural enemies, temperature, and rainfall influenced population size. Insecti¬ cides applied to control other insects may also affect the diamondback moth. Information on population dynamics is essential for effective pest management and in studying interactions between pesticides and the evironment.

Diamondback moth preferences Microbial insecticides on cabbage Detoxification of pesticide waste

H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. C. Eastman C. Eastman, H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, K. Kinney, A. Felsot, E. Dzantor Field studies were conducted in southwestern D. Dazey Pesticide waste is created when fanners and Illinois in 1988-1989 to confirm observations Microbial insecticides derived from Bacillus homeowners rinse spray tanks and empty that diamondback moth populations differed thuringiensis are being compared with a containers or spill concentrated pesticide among varieties of horseradish. Laboratory chemical pesticide for control of diamondback products. That waste creates an environmental and greenhouse studies determined whether moth, imported cabbageworm, and cabbage hazard in soil because it is highly concentrated ovipositional preference and/or differences in looper on cabbage. Early results of a field trial and does not readily biodegrade. A search is rate of larval development occurred. Results in Champaign indicate that all insecticides being made for microorganisms that can indicate that females prefer Commons to reduced damage compared to damage in readily degrade pesticide waste. Success in either Swiss or Eastern for oviposition. Rates untreated plots. Differences were found detoxifying comparatively high concentra¬ of larval development proved similar on all among formulations and with regard to the tions of herbicides has been achieved by three varieties. This information can be used efficacy of insecticide residues that remained adding ground corn and soybean residue to by horseradish growers in areas where damage on foliage after treatment. Bioassays indicated soil. The addition of extra nutrients to soil to by diamondback moths is of economic that diamondback populations in southwestern help microorganisms break down waste is a importance. Illinois may be developing resistance to the procedure that can be easily adopted by synthetic pyrethroid insecticide most often homeowners and farmers alike. used by horseradish growers. 24 Pesticide runof f in Court Creek watershed Pesticide residues and fruit Corn rootworm bibliography

A. Felsot, D Rose boom A. Felsot E. Levine, P. Chan Understanding the sources and timing of Consumers are worried about the health- Extensive research has been done on northern pesticides moving into surface waters is related effects of pesticide residues in fresh and western com rootworms, the most important in developing watershed-based produce. Although studies show that the injurious insect pests of corn in the Midwest, management practices to control runoff. frequency of detections is low and that the since previous bibliographies on these species Pesticide monitoring at Court Creek water¬ amounts found are very low, the washing of were published in 1976. Consequently, this shed has shown that cropland contributes the produce is recommended to remove surface bibliography is now being updated. Refer¬ largest burden of pesticides to streams. The residues. Two soaps were tested against water ences from scientific journals, experiment greatest amount is transported in May and for the ability to remove fresh residues of the station and extension publications, and June, coincident with spring rains and the insecticide diazinon on apples. Neither soap masters and doctoral theses are being included application of farm chemicals. The most removed more diazinon than did water alone. along with indexing terms. This bibliography frequently detected pesticides are herbicides, Scrubbing the apples with a brush was more should prove valuable to corn research ento¬ not insecticides. Less reliance on herbicides effective than hand rubbing in removing mologists who are currently overwhelmed and more reliance on integrated pest manage¬ pesticide residues. with the vast literature on this subject. ment will reduce the contamination of surface water.

Chemical rotation to control corn rootworm Pesticide contamination of groundwater Genetic basis for extended diapause

A. Felsot A. Felsot, T. Bicki E. Levine, H. Oloumi-Sadeghi Com not rotated with beans on an annual basis Occasionally very low concentrations of A trait called extended diapause allows some risks damage from corn rootworms. Soil pesticides contaminate groundwater. Whether northern com rootworm eggs to spend two or insecticides control com rootworms in com that contamination is from point sources such more winters in suspended development monocultures, but repeated use of the same as spills or from nonpoint sources associated before hatching. This trait permits emerging chemical leads to its rapid breakdown with agricultural practices is uncertain. The larvae to damage corn even after a rotation (enhanced biodegradation) by resident soil effects of tillage practices in combination with crop such as soybean has been planted. Re¬ microorganisms, thereby making the chemical irrigation on the leaching of pesticides as searchers have suggested that this trait may be ineffective. Research indicates that rotation of nonpoint sources of groundwater contamina¬ expressed under certain environmental chemicals may help to maintain the effective¬ tion were investigated. Thus far in the study, conditions and not under others. Studies are ness of some chemicals but not of others. The tillage system and irrigation have had minimal underway to determine if there is a genetic rotation of chemicals as a long-term strategy effect on pesticide leaching. Research component for the trait as well. To that end, may help to prevent the development of insect showed, however, that peak concentrations of the hatch patterns of eggs from individual resistance, but crop rotation remains the best pesticides occur in groundwater shortly after females collected in the field and those of practice for avoiding corn rootworm problems application, especially if heavy rains occur. specific matings of males and females in the and eliminating the use of soil insecticides. lab are being studied.

Controlling pesticide runoff Alfalfa weevil control Novel control of corn rootworms

A. Felsot, J. Mitchell H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, K. Kinney, D. Dazey E. Levine, H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, R. Metcalf Past research has shown that the combination The effectiveness of Lorsban, Penncap, and an New strategies for com rootworm control are of contouring with no-till or strip-till field insect growth regulator in controlling alfalfa needed to reduce damage to plants, decrease preparation can significantly reduce pesticide weevil was evaluated in a 2-year-old stand of production costs, and reduce pesticide loads in runoff. Recent research indicates that placing alfalfa. Sweep-net samples were taken on five the environment. The effectiveness of a com the chemicals deeper in the soil, such as with dates post-treatment. Crop morphological rootworm beetle attractant derived from plants in-furrow applications, further reduces stage of development, stem height, and forage in combination with a feeding arrestant and pesticide runoff. yield and quality were measured. Lorsban and small quantities of a toxicant as a bait is being Penncap significantly reduced populations of investigated. Data on number of adults weevil larvae on all sampling dates. The emerging per unit area, number of adults per growth regulator affected neither larvae nor plant, dead beetle counts per unit area, number adults. The effect on parasites and predators of eggs laid per unit of soil, and root damage varied according to the pesticide used. Plants for baited and unbaited fields are being in Lorsban- and Penncap-treated plots collected to determine if this bait significantly matured faster and grew taller than those in reduces beetle populations, egg laying, and untreated plots, but no significant differences root damage. were observed in forage yield and quality. Rootworm egg-laying in soybeans Resistant varieties of soybeans Weed competition and soybean yield 25

E. Levine, H. Oloumi-Sadeghi M. Kogan, C. Helm, T. Chu, R. Bernard C.Helm, M. Kogan, T.Chu Severe larval damage from western com A newly developed test with scores that range Farmers usually contend with various stress rootworm to com grown for seed in fields from highly resistant to susceptible permits factors simultaneously affecting a crop, but following soybeans grown for seed was the rapid classification of progenies in the few studies assess the combined effects of reported in fields near Piper City in 1987 and breeding of soybean for resistance against such factors. In this study, researchers looked in a larger area in 1988. All fields were free of foliage-feeding insects. Several thousand lines at the competitive interactions between weeds volunteer com or heavy weed infestation the have already been screened and some two and soybeans affected by foliage-feeding previous year, conditions that could lead to the dozen are under closer investigation, looking insects. Plots containing two densities of unlikely occurrence of rootworm oviposition toward the release of either a resistant variety velvet leaf, a common weed in soybean fields, in soybeans. To test the hypothesis that adult of soybean or a series of germ plasm lines that and three levels of defoliation at two different rootworms may be laying eggs in soybeans might be of use to other soybean breeders. stages of plant growth were established. A that remain green after neighboring com Some of the most resistant lines have also decline in yield occurred as weed density and begins to turn brown, researchers planted shown excellent seed quality, and this defoliation levels increased. Although the soybeans at four intervals this spring and combination of traits would prove of great combined effects were greater than the summer. This fall, egg samples will reveal if value to Illinois farmers. individual effects of either single factor, they t significantly more eggs were laid in soybeans were smaller than the sum of the single planted later than in earlier plantings. effects.

Monitoring western corn rootworm Soybean resistance under field conditions Information on soybean research

H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, E. Levine, R. Metcalf C.Helm, M. Kogan, D. Fischer J. Kogan, J. Bouseman, M. Kogan The feasibility of using traps baited with plant Plant resistance is a highly desirable method Since 1969 the Soybean Entomology Program volatiles to monitor western com rootworm of insect pest control. As resistant soybean at the Survey has maintained two computer¬ was studied in central Illinois cornfields. varieties are developed, their impact on such ized data bases. SIRIC (Soybean Insect Baited and unbaited traps were placed on the other control factors as parasites and predators Research Information Center) is a biblio¬ south side of each field. Trapped beetles were of insect pests must be considered. Quarter- graphic data base. ISAC (International counted, population abundance determined, acre plots of the normally susceptible Soybean Arthropod Collection) is a deposi¬ and plant phenology recorded. Numbers of ‘Williams 82’ soybean and of a resistant line tory of insect specimens collected in soybean rootworm counted on com plants significantly MBB 80-133 were established. Samples are fields throughout the world. Together, SIRIC correlated with numbers caught, especially in being taken weekly to indicate the coloniza¬ and ISAC represent a source of entomological unbaited traps. Baited traps proved most tion patterns of these plots by pests and their information that is unmatched for any other useful when beetle populations were near or natural enemies during the growing season. major crop. In 1988 SIRIC published the below the economic threshold. Com phenol¬ These data will help to determine whether or World Bibliography of Soybean Entomology, ogy influenced the correlation between field not the resistant line reduces the number of a two-volume work that contains over 5,000 population and trap catch, and this relation¬ natural enemies. references and extensive indexes. ship was stronger later in the season when plants were not silking.

Reproduction in western corn rootworm The deer tick in Illinois

H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, E. Levine J. Bouseman, U.Kitron, K.Todd, To understand the reproductive biology of the C. Kirkpatrick western com rootworm more completely, During the last year the Survey, in collabora¬ researchers determined the reproductive status tion with the Department of Veterinary of females reared in the laboratory and Pathobiology of the College of Veterinary females collected in the field. Females of Medicine at the University of Illinois, various age classes were examined under a monitored the establishment and spread of the binocular microscope and categorized by five deer tick, Ixodes dammini, in Illinois. To date, stages, preovipositional through postoviposi- the tick has been detected in a dozen counties tional. Additional studies are underway to in Illinois (Carroll, Jo Daviess, Ogle, Lee, quantify stages 4 and 5—the beginning of McHenry, Rock Island, Mercer, Knox, oviposition and post oviposition. This Putnam, Kankakee, Piatt, and Edgar). Large information should prove helpful in timing populations have been located in Ogle and adult suppression techniques. Rock Island counties. 26 Soybean: mechanisms of resistance How high do aphids fly? Pesticides and the environment

D. Fischer. M. Kogan. H. Lin. N. lannone M. Irwin. G. Kampmeier L. Wei Soybean plants under stress activate bio¬ Between 1983 and 1985, aphids were The extensive use some twenty years ago of chemical processes that enhance the likeli¬ collected from as high as 1,200 meters above DDT in water treatments or in aerial spraying hood of overcoming the affects of stress. The the ground. A follow-up of this study is inves¬ led to toxic residues in the mud of lakes and chemical processes involved in the triggering tigating how such meteorological factors as ponds. A principal route of DDT metabolism of resistance by feeding insects are under temperature and wind speed govern the is dehydrochlorination to DDE, which has investigation. Compounds generically vertical zonation or layering of aphids in been found in fish for many years. Survey referred to as phytoalexins are known to migratory flight. Tethered radiosondes beam scientists recently used mass spectrometry to appear suddenly or to increase in concentra¬ back weather information while automated identify DDE in Canada geese. Because these tion in plants infected by certain fungal insect collectors mounted on helicopters trap geese regularly ingest large amounts of fish, pathogens. These same phytoalexins deter aphids at selected heights under various they have come to contain nonbiodegradable feeding by insects. An understanding of these weather conditions. Trajectories of aphid DDE in their bodies. These findings add resistance mechanisms may permit the use of migrations based on this new data will lead to another chapter to the already sad story of genetic engineering in the production of improved timing in control strategies. human shortsightedness regarding toxic insect-resistant soybean varieties. chemicals and the environment.

Callus tissue and soybean resistance Aphid colonization and aphid landings Soybean phytoalexins

A. Schroeder, M. Kogan. D. Fischer M. Irwin. G. Kampmeier L. Wei Small portions of soybean plants can be Researchers have disagreed for years about A technique has been developed to separate removed and the cells made to proliferate on the role of colonizing winged aphids in the phytoalexins from other chemical compounds an artificial medium. The tissue that develops spread of nonpersistently transmitted viruses in order to identify the accumulation of is amorphous but similar to the tissue of in the same field. The landing rates of corn phytoalexins in soybean plants under origin. With manipulations, the callus may leaf aphids that had colonized sorghum did not herbivorous stress. To date, the presence of regenerate into an entire plant. In this study, increase in plots where sorghum and soybean one phytoalexin, glyceollin, has been callus was tested as a food for soybean looper were interplanted. Further, epidemics of confirmed by mass spectrometry. A better larvae, which fed and developed on it as well soybean mosaic virus, which is transmitted by understanding of chemical defenses in such as they did on soybean foliage. Surprisingly, the com leaf aphid, did not proceed faster in crops as soybeans is a necessary preliminary tissue from soybean lines whose foliage is plots where aphids went unchecked than in to the genetic engineering of insect-resistant normally rejected by the larvae was accepted plots where they were controlled with aphidi- varieties. by them. Tissue treated with ultraviolet light, cides. Apparently aphids that mature in a crop however, responded like that of whole plants fly some distance before alighting, thereby and developed phytoalexins that deterred lending credence to the notion that colonizing looper feeding. aphids contribute to the spread of virus only through nonflight movement or crawling.

Studies of forest insects Pesticide formulations IR-4 National Pesticide Registration

J. Appleby L Wei L. Wei Insects in the genus Heterocampa are Terbufos formulated as Counter 15G is a soil The squash bug is a serious problem in the important defoliators of hardwood trees insecticide used to control western and production of pumpkins and its control will throughout the Midwest. Foresters must be northern corn rootworm larvae. It is extremely allow Illinois growers to produce more and able to recognize the early larval stages of toxic to humans and other warm-blooded better pumpkins for processing.The objective these insects because delays in initiating animals. Although data on its persistence in of this project is to establish a tolerance for control measures can result in extensive soil has been reported, no studies on impuri¬ bifenthrin on pumpkin and to analyze defoliation of trees. During this study, ties in terbufos formulations have been quantitative residues. These data will be part photographs of each developmental stage of published. In this study, analyses of Counter of a national registration for the use of H subrotata and H. guttivitta were taken and 15G were carried out via gas chromatography bifenthrin to control the squash bug. descriptions of each stage recorded. This and mass spectrometry. All major impurities information will be valuable to foresters were identified, an essential first step in engaged in the suppression of insects. determining the persistence of these impuri¬ ties and their environmental impact. FAUNISTIC SURVEYS AND The mission of the Section of Faunistic do we know for many groups what species are INSECT IDENTIFICATION Surveys and Insect Identification is to acquire currently present in Illinois and where they and apply information about the diversity of occur, but often we also know their status Lawrence M. Page, Head life in order to protect, manage, and develop relative to earlier distributions and abun¬ the biotic resources of Illinois in accordance dances. When a second Fishes of Illinois was with long-term environmental goals. published in 1979, its author. Dr. P.W. Smith, was able to make comparisons between distri¬ Public Service butions of fishes then and distributions in The growing awareness that environmental Illinois at the turn of the century. Such changes induced by human activities threaten comparisons illustrate reductions in ranges of much of the world’s biota with extinction has certain species (including the disappearance resulted in private and public efforts to protect of some) and expansions of others (often ones species and the habitats critical to their that are considered pests). survival. As a result, the need for sound biological data on threatened species and The accumulation of information on the natural areas has never been greater. geographic and ecological distributions of animals in Illinois now exceeds that of any Since its inception in 1858, the Illinois Natural other state. When changes occur, these biotic History Survey has been accumulating the surveys enable us to identify related environ¬ kind of information that is now vital for the mental factors and to suggest protective or protection of species and habitats. Among the preventive measures. responsibilities given the Survey through its enabling legislation were to conduct a natural The expertise of Survey scientists and the history survey of the State, to furnish distributional and ecological data they gather information fundamental to the conservation are also used by other agencies to develop up- and development of natural resources, and to to-date lists of endangered species, harmful advise the various departments of the State species, and potentially manageable species. regarding natural resources. Because the Life-history studies and other ecological data Survey conducts both basic and applied enable state and federal planners to recognize research, it is in a unique position to provide significant natural areas and to formulate information and recommendations regarding management plans for their protection. environmental protection. The collections of preserved organisms based Statewide inventories have been completed in on statewide collecting efforts over the past Illinois on about twenty taxonomic groups of century and on the acquisition of comparable animals, primarily various groups of insects material from other sources are another but including other invertebrates and all extremely important depository of historical classes of vertebrates. Among the early and current information that is used in a reports now considered classic were The variety of policy and management decisions. Ornithology of Illinois by Dr. Robert Ridgway The Survey’s collections are among the (1889), The Fishes of Illinois by Dr. Stephen largest and oldest in North America and are A. Forbes and Dr. Robert. E. Richardson used extensively by scientists throughout the (1908), and The Caddis Flies, or Trichoptera, world. The insect collection, containing about of Illinois by Dr. Herbert H. Ross (1944). 6,000,000 specimens, is especially valuable because of its large holdings in several Over the more than 130 years of the Survey’s taxonomic groups. The fish collection, with existence, inventories on certain groups have about 500,000 specimens, is important not been repeated, thereby documenting historical only because of its size but because it includes changes in distributions and abundances. a number of specimens collected prior to the Information on past and present distributions now extensive modification of the Illinois permit comparisons between changes in the landscape. biota and changes in the landscape. Not only Data associated with many of the Survey’s ments of the Section of Faunistics and Insect Commission’s 25th Anniversary Symposium collections, including the fish, amphibian, Identification. Examples of special signifi¬ in Carbondale; and a presentation by Mr. reptile, mammal, crustacean, and mollusk cance follow. Kevin S. Cummings and Ms. Christine A. collections, have been computerized and are Mayer on the decline of the freshwater readily accessible to a variety of users. The Illinois Geographic Information System mussels of the Wabash and Tippecanoe rivers Requests for information are routinely is one of the most advanced and heavily used at the Annual Meeting of the Indiana Chapter received from state and federal agencies and systems in the nation. Its manager. Dr. Warren of the North Central Division of the American from private firms conducting environmental U. Brigham, serves as a state and national Fisheries Society in Fort Wayne, Indiana. impact assessments.These data have, for advisor on the management of large data example, been used in the development of the bases. During the past year, he spoke on the Grants from the National Science Foundation Illinois List of Endangered and Threatened geographic information system as an invited are highly competitive. A rigorous review Species, the Natural Areas Inventory, and the speaker at the National Governors Conference process ensures that only accomplished Illinois Fish and Wildlife Information System. in Washington. D.C., served as an invited scientists with proven productivity and panel member at the Urban and Regional excellent ideas for research receive grants. Attention has recently focused on the need to Information System Association Conference Recent grants supported Dr. Wallace E. protect wetlands, and the Illinois Wetlands in Los Angeles, and coordinated a computer LaBerge’s research on bees. Dr. Lawrence M. Inventory was completed during the past year. graphics session at the National Computer Page’s research on fishes, and Dr. David L. This data base, grounded in the National Graphic Association Conference in Orlando. Swofford’s phylogenetic analysis of system¬ Wetlands Inventory, represents the combined atic data. In addition, two National Science efforts of the Survey, the Illinois Department Dr. David L. Swofford's PAUP (Phylogenetic Foundation grants were received to under¬ of Conservation, and the U.S. Fish and Analysis Using Parsimony) program is widely write the cost of installing compactors, which Wildlife Service. Illinois is one of the few recognized as one of the best computer were provided by the Illinois Capitol states with wetlands data in automated form. programs available for the analysis of the Development Board. These compactors store In addition to location, configuration, and evolutionary relationships among organisms. the Survey’s Insect Collection efficiently and size, each wetland is characterized as riverine, The program is used throughout the United safely. During the past year, Drs. David L. lacustrine, or palustrine and further described States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. During Swofford and Warren U. Brigham served on by such factors as substrate type, vegetation, the past year. Dr. Swofford completed a major National Science Foundation advisory panels and hydrological conditions. These data have revision (PAUP 3.0) of the program that that help determine the direction of research been used in several siting projects, including contains significant enhancements to earlier funding. the siting proposal for the superconducting versions and was recently reviewed in the supercollider and in research related to the highly influential British journal. Nature. Offices and positions in scientific societies are habitats of endangered species. Because of his recognition as a leader in the generally elective and filled by scientists with development of methods for the analysis of the highest professional stature. Currently, Dr. The wide representation of species in the systematic data. Dr. Swofford participated in Lawrence M. Page is a member of the Board Survey’s collections enable scientists in the the Seventh International Meeting of the Willi of Governors and the editorial board of the Faunistics Section to detect foreign species Hennig Society in Stockholm and in a American Society of Ichthyologists and that are accidentally introduced or migrate symposium entitled "Computer-assisted Herpetologists. Dr. David L. Swofford is into Illinois. The historical data, in the form of Techniques in Phy logeny" at a meeting of the special associate editor for the Society for the specimens collected over many years, Geological Society of America in Denver. In Study of Evolution, a member of the editorial document the first appearance and the addition. Dr. Swofford went to Karlskoga, board for the Smithsonian Series in Compara¬ expansion of introduced species. Such Sweden, as an invited observer at the Nobel tive Evolutionary Biology, and a councilor for information is essential in the development of Symposium on "The Hierarchy of Life.” the Society of Systematic Zoology. Dr. control measures. Donald W. Webb chairs the Literature Review Several members of the Section are recog¬ Committee of the North American Bentho- Members of the Faunistics Section are experts nized authorities on the habitat requirements logical Society. on particular groups of organisms and ideally of endangered and threatened species. A qualified to provide an identification service number of invited appearances related to the Research Reports for other scientists, extension entomologists, habitat requirements of protected species were The research that is summarized on the government agencies, and Illinois citizens. made, including a presentation on the use of following pages documents the Section's Between 20,000 and 40,000 specimens are radiotelemetry in the study of the federally interest in maintaining threatened and identified by them each year. endangered Indiana bat by Ms. Elizabeth A. endangered species and their sometimes Cook, Mr. James E. Gardner, and Dr. Joyce E. fragile habitats. It makes clear the importance Special Recognition Hofmann at the Third Biennial National to present-day researchers of the systematic The many invitations to present seminars, Workshop on Microcomputer Applications in studies done by their predecessors and by develop workshops, participate in symposia, Fish and Wildlife Programs in Stateline, extension underscores the significance of the and serve as officers in scientific societies Nevada; a presentation by Dr. Lawrence M. research currently underway to the systema- indicate the scientific stature and accomplish¬ Page on outstanding aquatic ecosystems tists of the future. within Illinois at the Illinois Nature Preserves Sppttail darters Scanning electron microscopy Stick catfishes 29

L Page, P. Ceas, D. Swofford M. Retzer, L. Page, K. Cummings M. Retzer Approximately one-fifth of all North The recent acquisition of a scanning electron The loss of Neotropical biodiversity is of American freshwater fishes are darters, small microscope by the Geological and Natural concern to scientists everywhere. One of the fishes that are often present in large popula¬ History surveys provides an excellent major tasks is to inventory the biota and in the tions and have a major impact on the ecologi¬ opportunity to study the microstructure of process identify centers of diversity and cal characteristics of streams and lakes. animals. The examination of the reproductive endemism so that these areas may be Among the most interesting are the spottail structures of Illinois isopods (pill bugs) has protected. As part of this effort, a study of darters that occupy headwater streams in led to the discovery of a new species, as yet stick catfishes, a group of armored catfishes southern Illinois and the southeastern United unnamed, known only from Illinois. Study of distributed from Venezuela to Argentina and States. Isolation in headwater streams resulted the microstructure of the larvae of the fat thought to contain about 40 species, has been in differentiation among populations that has pocketbook, a federally endangered mussel, initiated. The completed study will be only recently been studied. The complex, will permit these larvae to be separated from submitted to the University of Illinois as a originally thought to consist of highly variable those of related species and allow the doctoral dissertation and is expected to populations of only one species, is now known identification of the larval host. This informa¬ contribute significantly to our understanding to contain 10 species. Several of these occupy tion is important for researchers monitoring of the diversity of the fish fauna of South small stream systems and are vulnerable to the status of Illinois populations of this America. extirpation. mussel.

Life history of the bullhead minnow Mandibles of Notodonlidae larvae

P. Ceas, L. Page, K. Cummings G. Godfrey, D. Dockter The bullhead minnow, Pimephales vigila.x, is Understanding the variability of larval one of the most common fishes in medium¬ mandibles is important in the identification of sized rivers of the Midwest. In spite of its notodontid moths, which feed on broad- abundance and obvious impact on the leafed, woody plants. Heterocampa guttivitta ecological character of Illinois streams, little is oliphagous (e.g., oaks and maples), and H. ecological data exist on this species. Three subrotata is monophagous on hackberry. years of data on the Embarras River popula¬ Research is underway to determine if leaf tion have been gathered and are being texture influenced the mandibular morphol¬ analyzed. Among the interesting characteris¬ ogy of these two species and if so, to what tics are an extremely complicated breeding degree. behavior involving paternal care of the eggs and a diet consisting in part of terrestrial plant seeds.

Life history evolution in percid fishes Mouthparts of notodontid caterpillars

H. Bart, Jr., L. Page G. Godfrey, J. Miller, D. Carter Life histories of organisms evolve to optimize Relationships among the Notodontidae reproductive success and vary in response to (Noctuoidea), a worldwide group of 3,000 environmental impacts on the survival and moths, are poorly understood. Because larval fertility of different age classes. Body size and mouthparts have been shown to contain useful phylogenetic history limit the choice of phylogenetic characters for other noctuoids, survival and reproductive alternatives. 90 genera of notodontid caterpillars are being Covariation in life history traits was examined studied from the standpoint of functional in 66 species of percid fishes. Most traits, morphology and phylogenetic implications. including size at maturity, longevity, and Results from this study will help to clarify the number of eggs produced, correlated with phylogenetic relationships of the Notodonti¬ female size; larger species live longer, mature dae to other noctuoids. later, and produce more eggs. Egg size and reproductive behavior did not correlate with size or with phylogenetic relationships and 9 thus appear to vary with ecological factors (e.g., size of stream occupied). 30 Little Wabash River mussels Identification of creek chubs Evolution of breeding behaviors in minnows

K. Cummings, C. Mayer, L. Page. C. Johnston, ./. Ramsey C. Johnston, L. Page Illinois historically supported a diverse Semotilus thoreauianus, the dixie chub, was Reproductive behaviors have been described freshwater mussel fauna, but many species originally described in 1877 and synonymized for 89 species (about 40% of the total) of have become rare and some have been placed with Semotilus atromaculatus, the creek chub, native North American minnows. Eight types on endangered species lists. A survey of the only a few years later. A recent study supports of breeding behaviors (broadcasting, crevice¬ mussel fauna of the Little Wabash River in the specific status of the dixie chub, which spawning, saucer-building, pit-building, pit- southeastern Illinois was completed in the differs from the creek chub in coloration, ridge building, mound-building, egg- summer of 1988. Thirty-two of the 40 species tuberculation. and scale size. Dixie chubs are clumping, and egg-clustering) were compared known to have lived in that drainage were found in Gulf Coast drainages from Mobile with published phylogenetic hypotheses. found, but only 26 of those were collected Bay east to the Ochlockonee River. Results of Some behaviors (e.g., clustering) appear to alive. Compared to a study in the 1930s, this study will help us to interpret variation have evolved within the North American reductions were found in the number of within the creek chub, one of the most Cyprinidae only once; others (e.g., mound¬ individuals and in the number of species. common species in Illinois. building) have evolved more than once. These data are consistent with other recent Where sufficient data exist, cladistic analysis mussel surveys and reflect the need for of the behaviors helps to explain their increased protection for aquatic habitats in evolutionary history. Illinois.

Wabash River mussels Spawning in eastern sand darters Pugnose minnows

K. Cummings, C. Mayer, L Page C. Johnston L. Page, C. Johnston The second phase of a 3-year survey of the Descriptions for 73 species of darters in the The pugnose minnow, originally described as freshwater mussels of the Wabash River genera Etheostoma and Percina are available Opsopoeodus emiliae, was transferred to drainage in Illinois and Indiana was conducted but none has been published for any species of Notropis in the 1970s. Its taxonomy has been in 1988. This cooperative study between the the genus Ammocrypta. A study of the confused since then. A study of the breeding Survey, the Indiana Department of Natural spawning behavior of the eastern sand darter, behavior of the pugnose minnow was Resources, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ammocryptapellucida, was conducted to undertaken in order to understand its Service documented changes in the mussel improve our understanding of the evolution of phylogenetic relationship to other species. fauna with a particular emphasis on endan¬ breeding behaviors in darters and to provide Pugnose minnows were found to have a gered species. The Wabash has undergone valuable life history information for this derived breeding behavior, which has been drastic changes over the past 100 years, and threatened species. Members of this species termed egg clustering, that was previously only 35 of the approximately 75 species of bury their eggs and have morphologically known to occur among North American mussels known from the drainage were found unusual larvae. minnows only in Pimephales and Codoma. alive in 1988. Identifying areas where This finding supports the hypothesis that significant and diverse mussel populations pugnose minnows are closely related to occur will help ecologists protect the Pimephales and Codoma and should retain the remaining species. generic name Opsopoeodus.

Freshwater mussels of Illinois Nest association Alternative reproduction in minnows

K. Cummings C. Johnston ,/. Berlocher, L. Page, E. Macleod A new Naiades or Freshwater Mussels of Nest association, the habit of spawning in the Alternative reproductive tactics may play an Illinois (Mollusca: Unionidae) is targeted for nest of another species, is widespread among important but unrecognized role in the life publication in 1993. This monograph will North American minnows. Nest associates histories of many species. Breeding male reflect changes in nomenclature, provide use the nests of sunfishes or, more commonly, bluntnose minnows (Pimephales notatus), for detailed data on distribution, and update the the nests of nest-building minnows. Experi¬ example, typically develop cephalic tubercles biological literature since the 1967 publication ments to determine the costs and benefits of and compete for spawning territories, which of P. W. Parmalee's Fresh-water Mussels of this strategy to host and associates are may be scarce and are often controlled by the Illinois. A computer data base containing currently underway. Five species for which largest males. As a result, many smaller males information on the distribution of Illinois spawning behavior had been unknown were probably never hold territories of their own. In mussels is near completion and includes discovered during the past year to be other territorial fishes, however, small males information from the Survey, the University associates of nest-building minnows. circumvent such competition by spawning in of Illinois Museum of Natural History, the the territories of larger, dominant males. This Illinois State Museum, the Field Museum of tactic is difficult to observe, but indirect Natural History, the Chicago Academy of information can be obtained by microscopic Sciences, and six out-of-state museums. examination of the testes of smaller, nontuber- culate males. Relocating and monitoring mussels Snipe flies PAUP: Version 3.0 31

J. Berlocher, M. Wetzel D. Webb D. Swofford Federal and state conservation agencies As part of an ongoing systematic study of the Earlier versions of PAUP (Phylogenetic recognize the importance of protecting lower brachycerous Diptera, the genus Rhagio Analysis Using Parsimony) have been well freshwater mussel communities. Accordingly, (New World snipe flies) was revised. These received by the systematics community, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recom¬ small-to-moderate-sized flies occur in shady the program has become a standard tool for mended that mussels be relocated from the humid habitats. Twenty-six species or reconstructing evolutionary relationships vicinity of a soon to be demolished bridge subspecies previously recognized were among species. The program is widely used over the Kankakee River. During 1987, over considered valid, and six new species were throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, 3,000 mussels were removed from the vicinity discovered. Three of the new species occur in and Australia. Version 3.0 is the first release of the bridge and relocated to two sites the Neotropical region, an area from which to run on Apple Macintosh computers and is upstream. Over the next 2 years. Survey Rhagio was not previously reported. The currently being adapted for the IBM PC and biologists monitored the survival, growth, and distributional pattern of this genus closely for several minicomputers and mainframe movements of these populations. Information correlates with climatic and vegetation zones. systems. The new version deals with a on age structure and other features of mussel broader variety of evolutionary models and ecology is also being compiled. has a completely redesigned user interface.

Aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida) of Illinois Stilleto flies Reference collection of aphids

M. Wetzel D. Webb, M. Irwin D. Voegtlin The inland waters of Illinois, including A study of New World stilleto flies began with More than 1,500 species of aphids are found in springs, swamps, marshes, ponds, lakes, the revision of the following three genera: North America. Only a small percentage of reservoirs, and streams, offer a variety of Ataenogera, Phycus, and Pallicephaia. these can be considered pests of cultivated habitats for aquatic macroinvertebrates. Members of Ataenogera and Phycus are plants. Discriminating between the pest Although most studies of aquatic macroin¬ moderate-sized flies that occur in sandy dry species and the many nonpest look-a-likes can vertebrates identify specimens by family, environments; the immature stages are mobile be difficult, and a reference collection of genus, and often species, they rarely report the predators in sandy soil. Two new species were identified material is of great importance. This presence of oligochaetes at other than the discovered and described for Phycus, a genus past year over 150 aphid species were added ordinal level. Oligochaetes, however, are an that had not previously been reported from the to the Survey’s insect collection through important group in aquatic ecosystems New World. Prior to this revision, the genus exchanges with entomologists at Utah State because of their nutritional value to higher Pallicephaia was thought to be a complex of University. The total number of aphid species trophic levels. Because knowledge of this two species and four subspecies. The data in the collection is now around 900; about 750 group is scant, a study of the aquatic oli¬ generated clearly indicate that the genus of these are from North America. gochaetes of the State has been initiated. Of contains six species, including one that is new the 150 species known to occur in North to science. America north of Mexico, 65 occur in Illinois.

Data base of Illinois Lepidoptera

G. Godfrey, E. Cashatt The data base of Illinois Lepidoptera collates historic information on the moths and butterflies of Illinois. These data help to document the distributions of the State’s approximately 2,000 species of moths and butterflies. Since January 1989, 8,770 collection records representing 144 species have been transcribed from specimen labels and 7,294 have been entered into computer files. Records were obtained during visits to 13 institutional and private collections within the State and cover 470 localities within Illinois from 1876-1988. This information will help to identify species that should be placed on the list of endangered species in Illinois. 32 Radio tracking the Indiana bat

J. Gardner, J. Hofmann, J. Garner Populations of the federally endangered Indiana bat are declining at an alarming rate. More than 95% of the remaining 185,000 are protected (by gates or fences) in seven major winter hibernacula in Missouri, Kentucky, and Indiana, but little has been done to identify and protect their summer habitat. Females migrate north of their winter caves and establish nursery colonies beneath the loose bark of trees. Some areas in Illinois offer excellent summer habitat for Indiana bats, and provide a rare opportunity for radio-tracking studies. Identifying and describing the foraging ranges and nursery trees of reproduc- tively successful females is imperative to the continued existence of the Indiana bat.

Variability in the potato aphid Bat habitats in the Shawnee National Forest Southeastern bat ecology

D. Voegtlin ./. Gardner J. Gardner, J. Hofmann, J. Garner, No North American aphid lives on soybeans; The multiuse policies of the U.S. Department R. Porter, K. Neelley however, one species, Aulacorthum solani, of Agriculture Forest Service (e.g., recreation, In March 1989, the southeastern bat (Myotis which is worldwide in distribution and known timber sales, clear cuts) sometimes jeopardize austroriparius) was declared an endangered as the potato aphid in the United States, occurs threatened species and their habitats. Four species in Illinois. The small Illinois popula¬ on soybeans in Japan and China. Its absence species of bats endangered in Illinois, two of tion is found only in the southern tip of the on soybeans here has not been explained. In which are also federally endangered, are State and is probably disjunct from popula¬ cooperation with a U.S. Department of found within the Shawnee National Forest. tions in more southern states. This bat Agriculture scientist in Maryland, cultures of Distributional data on bats captured in hibernates in mines and caves, and little is this aphid were obtained from stocks in Japan, southern Illinois are being combined with known about its reproductive ecology. New Zealand, California and New Brunswick. habitat features (forests, streams, topography) Reproductively active females have been Morphological studies revealed that the from the Illinois Geographic Information captured over streams in southern Illinois, and soybean-feeding population and the potato System. This highly detailed information will a nursery colony was identified by radio aphid are readily distinguished. Indeed, the help the Forest Service develop the Shawnee tracking. Reliable information on the differences were so great that the two forms National Forest Land and Resource Manage¬ reproductive ecology of this bat will help the are now considered separate species. ment Plan and its accompanying Environ¬ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service make a mental Impact Statement. decision concerning federal protection.

Native bees

W. LaBerge Native bees include bumble bees, sweat bees, leaf-cutter bees, carpenter bees, and solitary bees. Among the most interesting are the solitary (each female constructs a nest and provides for her own progeny) ground-nesting bees. Their largest genus in North America, Andrena, includes about 500 species. A systematic revision of this genus is approach¬ ing completion, and the publication will include detailed descriptions of each species, a key to their identification, locality and floral records, maps showing the distribution of each species, and illustrations. Other genera of solitary bees undergoing revision include Anthidium and Tetraloniella. WILDLIFE RESEARCH The mission of the Section of Wildlife Public interest in the aerial censuses of Research is to undertake scientific inquiry waterfowl and eagles throughout Illinois and concerning the life histories, dynamics of the Midwest remains high. In addition to Glen C. Sanderson, Head abundance and distribution, genetics, and mailing the census information to various ecology of the vertebrate, warm-blooded agencies and responding to numerous wildlife of Illinois; to acquire, organize, and telephone inquiries from private citizens and use data pertaining to all aspects of these public employees, the Section provided resources; and to provide information and to waterfowl census data during the hunting make recommendations concerning their season for weekly columns in St. Louis, status, protection, development, and use. Peoria, Quincy, and LaSalle-Peru newspapers.

Public Service The wildlife research programs at the Forbes In a broad sense, all activities of the Section of Biological Station have proved popular with Wildlife Research relate to public service in the media and the citizens of Illinois. Feature one way or another. Some provide informa¬ articles highlighting these studies appeared in tion and assistance directly to the public: the Peoria Journal Star, Pekin Daily Times, “How do I get skunks out from under my front Mason County Democrat, Effingham Daily porch and then keep them out?” and "When News, and Jacksonville Journal Courier. The are the most mallard ducks found in Illinois?” Director of the Forbes Biological Station , Dr. Others provide information directly to such Stephen P. Havera, was interviewed for a state and federal agencies as the Illinois De¬ feature article, “A Day in the Life of the partment of Conservation and the U.S. Fish Havana River Research Laboratory,” in the and Wildlife Service. For example, the fall 1988 issue of The Nature of Illinois. Department of Conservation recently asked Newspapers such as the Des Moines Register for recommendations regarding changes in periodically ask for information about hunting regulations for rabbits and the Fish research findings made at the Station. In and Wildlife Service requested information on addition. Director Havera gave radio inter¬ the effects on wildlife of a proposed reflood¬ views with WBYS in Canton and WTAX in ing of Thompson Lake along the Illinois Springfield, served as a consultant for a river River. The Section also provides a wide documentary to be aired on WILL-TV, variety of information on a regular basis Champaign, and acted as technical advisor for (periodic waterfowl census data, for example) a series of six video tapes for the Society for and in response to specific requests (“What is the Illinois Scientific Surveys. the status of Lyme disease in Illinois?”) from newspapers, magazines, and radio and During the past year, staff of the Forbes television stations. The information on which Biological Station provided recommendations the answers to these questions are based on waterfowl management strategies in comes from research conducted by members conjunction with site visits to at least six of the Wildlife Section integrated with the public and eight private waterfowl clubs. Bird data of other researchers. remains from bird-plane collisions were identified for the U.S. Air Force and the Because an extension staff to provide Illinois Department of Conservation. During information and implement recommendations the year, over 350 visitors came to the regarding wildlife is not available in Illinois, Biological Station to discuss research this service must be provided by researchers, programs, to obtain information, or to assist and often the number of requests for informa¬ with station business. Visitors represented a tion seriously interrupts research. The broad spectrum of interests, including the U.S. fourteen senior biologists on the Section’s Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Geological staff on average respond to two requests for Survey, Illinois Department of Conservation, information per working day—approximately Capital Development Board, Environmental 7,300 requests each year. An indication of the Protection Agency, Dickson Mounds range and variety of this public service can be Museum, Illinois State Museum, Air National seen in the sampling given here. Guard, Department of Energy and Natural 34 Resources, Private Industry Council's Hope Dr. Scott K. Robinson was voted Elective University. Dr. Robinson gave a seminar on Program, Society for the Illinois Scientific Member of the American Ornithological Yellow-rumped Caciques at the University of Surveys, faculty and students from five Society and chosen Outstanding Teacher by Hawaii, the University of Colorado, and the universities, media representatives, and the students of his ornithology class at the University of Chicago. Dr. Sanderson interested citizens. This tally does not include University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. presented the opening address at the 50th the nearly 200 visitors who attended the Dr. Glen C. Sanderson was promoted to Anniversary Meeting of the Midwest Fish and dedication of the addition to the Forbes Principal Scientist by the Illinois Natural Wildlife Conference in Columbus, Ohio, and Biological Station. Station Director Havera History Survey and also received Honorary was the keynote speaker at the Annual served on the Planning Committee for the Life Membership in The Wildlife Society, the Meeting of the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Illinois River Environmental Awareness international organization of professional Society. Dr. Richard E. Warner gave the Week and for the Jacque Cousteau Presenta¬ wildlifers. Dr. Ronald P. Larkin's U.S. Air keynote address at the State Leadership tion, "Rediscovering the World,” to be held in Force project was recognized as the top study Council of Pheasants Forever in Paxton and Peoria in November 1989. in Air Force research on collisions between the keynote address at the Upland Game Bird bird and aircraft. Conference in Frederick, Maryland. He was Forest Wildlife Biologist Charles M. Nixon also an invited speaker at the International gave interviews regarding Illinois deer Seven members of the Section hold eight Right-of-way Symposium in Peoria. populations and their management to the affiliate, joint, or lecturer appointments in Champaign News Gazette, Peoria Journal three universities; two appointments in the On 5 May 1989 the Forbes Biological Station Star, Kankakee Journal, and Alton Telegraph. Biology Department, Western Illinois commemorated the 95th anniversary of the Dr. James Witham of the Urban Deer Project University; one in the Biology Department. establishment of the station, the 50th responded to more than twenty-five requests Bradley University; one in the Animal anniversary of the first permanent building, for information on urban deer from newspa¬ Science Department, one in the Forestry the dedication of the new addition, and the pers, magazines, television, and radio, Department, and three in the Department of naming of the station after its founder, Dr. primarily in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution, University Stephen A. Forbes, first Chief of the Natural of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. History Survey. Dignitaries from around the The Urban Deer Project developed a file of State and representatives from the news media reprints on deer population management, Virtually all senior scientific staff members attended the luncheon and ceremony during damage abatement, Lyme Disease, and other serve as referees for manuscripts sent to them the morning. A proclamation declaring 5 May deer-related subjects in response to questions by editors of journals, proceedings, and books. 1989 as Stephen A. Forbes Biological Station commonly asked by the public. Copies of During the past year, the staff reviewed more Day in the State of Illinois was presented from articles in this file were given to the Urban than fifty manuscripts for eleven journals, the Office of Governor James R. Thompson. Project Manager of the Illinois Department of including Auk, Behavioral Ecology and Guest speakers were Karen Witter, Director, Conservation, who will maintain and expand Sociobiology, Animal Behaviour, Transac¬ Illinois Department of Energy and Natural the file and continue to provide this informa¬ tions of the Illinois Academy of Sciences, Resources; T. Miller, Illinois Department of tion to the public. The Urban Deer Project also Journal of Wildlife Management, Wildlife Conservation; Arthur S. Hawkins, U.S. Fish provided technical advice on urban deer Society Bulletin, Journal of Mammalogy, The and Wildlife Service (employed at the station management to the Lake County Forest Wilson Bulletin, and Science. The staff also from 1938 to 1946); Leonard Ferrington, Preserve District, the Illinois Department of refereed manuscripts from two symposia and President-elect, North American Benthologi- Conservation, and the Illinois Nature provided peer review for one research cal Society; and Harry K. Nelson, U.S. Fish Preserves Commission during litigation proposal for the National Wildlife Federation and Wildlife Service. Organizations repre¬ involving deer management on the Ryerson and two for Earthwatch. sented at the ceremony included the Depart¬ Conservation Area in Lake County. ment of Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Dr. William R. Edwards served as technical Service, Department of Energy and Natural Special Recognition editor for Pheasants: Symptoms of Wildlife Resources, and Illinois Environmental Awards are by their nature rare; however, Problems on Agricultural Lands, the Protection Agency. In September 1988 the special recognition of members of the Section proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the United Private Industry Council awarded the of Wildlife Research is not uncommon and North Central Section of The Wildlife Forbes Station special recognition for its can be measured in part by the number of Society. Dr. Stephen P. Havera is serving as participation in the Summer Youth Employ¬ times they are asked to serve as editors for editor for the Proceedings of the 1988 North ment Program and for supervisory excellence. books or symposium proceedings, as American Wood Duck Symposium; publica¬ reviewers for scientific journals, as members tion is expected in 1989. Research Reports of peer review committees for scientific Thirty research projects are summarized in the proposals, as consultants or expert witnesses Members of the Wildlife Section have also following pages. They document the concern on state and federal court cases, as resource been invited to lecture at a number of of the Section for the wildlife of the State and persons for public and private agencies in the universities and professional societies. Dr. make clear how practical applications grow development of public policies, and as Havera presented seminars at Bradley Univer¬ directly from basic research. The wildlife consultants for television documentaries and sity and to waterfowl classes from the management strategies recommended by the newspaper and magazines stories. University of Missouri and Mississippi State Section are truly research in action. Rabbits have their ups and downs Prairie pastures for beef and wildlife The white-cheeked geese 35

H. Hanson W. Edwards R. Westemeier In November 1988 cottontails on the 4-H Area For the past 2 summers, weight gains for Preparation for a book based on 25 years of at Robert Allerton Park in Piatt County were yearling steer on prairie grass pasture and on research on the white-cheeked geese is nearly inventoried for the 33rd consecutive year. conventional grasses were compared on the completed. Three species and over 125 races This unique series of fall estimates is one of McCormick Prairie-chicken Sanctuary in make up this complex and provide an the longest continuous data sets on annual Jasper County. Gains doubled from 0.5 pound outstanding example of biodiversity. The fluctuations in local abundance of cottontails average daily gain in 1988 to 1.0 pound in manuscript includes 188 morphometric in the Midwest. Approximately 70-80 1989; however, no differences in gains were diagrams, 90 maps, some two dozen tables, cottontails were using the area, almost 300 found between pasture types. Drought may and approximately 500 photographs. The below the high observed in 1976 and about have suppressed gains both summers because latter include types or paratypes, living birds, 100 less than the long-term average. Numbers gains of 2 to 3 pounds per head were reported and low-level aerial obliques of breeding crashed in the late 1970s and apparently went for steers grazing warm-season grasses in ranges from Newfoundland to the Queen to zero in the winter of 1981-1982. Recoloni¬ other states. Researchers will evaluate Charlotte Islands and Alaska. The taxonomic zation occurred in the spring or summer of alternatives to existing management of portion of the manuscript holds particular 1982 and has been followed by a slow sanctuary grasslands and the use of prairie significance for future management and recovery of rabbit numbers. grasses on private land for beef production, conservation efforts. wildlife habitat, and soil erosion control.

Cottontails and wildlife management theory Deer populations in Illinois Strategies for managing winter deer habitats

W. Edwards C. Nixon C. Nixon A cottontail data base of 33 consecutive years Each year data related to the deer harvest in In central and northern Illinois, deer congre¬ along with other data provide a basis for a Illinois are computerized. Harvest totals, sex gate in winter in larger forests ( >200 ha) and much needed revision of ecological and and age breakdowns, and hunter success are in refuges closed to firearm hunting to reduce wildlife management theory. Old ideas of developed for each county and deer region and the effects of harsh weather and to escape equilibrium, regulation of abundance, and for the State as a whole and downloaded to hunters. Most of these sites are located along balance of nature are rejected, and abundance disks for use by the Department of Conserva¬ streams, which provide forested corridors is thought to be determined more by fluctua¬ tion. Computer models of county deer among landscapes dominated by agricultural tions in survival and dispersal and less by populations are also developed each year to fields and urban development. Management reproduction. The emerging perspective is study population trends and projected hunting of these wintering sites requires protecting one of nonequilibrium and variable abundance pressures. Allocations for hunting permits are enough deer to provide dispersing and in a world “patchy” across space in which discussed with the Department of Conserva¬ migrating numbers to restock surrounding patches change over time. Persistence of a tion, taking into account hunter demand, deer smaller, scattered woodlots and at the same species is facilitated by sustained high levels population, and landowner tolerance for deer. time controlling deer numbers within the of reproduction, dispersal, and genetic The goal is to accommodate hunter demands wintering sites to prevent widespread damage diversity. and at the same time manage deer to minimize to farm crops and natural vegetation. conflicts with landowners.

Life history and ecology of farmland deer

C. Nixon, L. Hansen, P. Brewer, ./. Chelsvig In a 5-year study in east-central Illinois, marked deer (N = 287 of which a portion were radio marked) were used to determine demographic characteristics, seasonal movements, social interactions, habitat selection, and value of refugia in a landscape heavily affected by human activities. Important findings include extensive dispersal movements by both sexes and the survival value of scattered refugia in landscapes where forest cover is scarce and hunting pressure high. At present, deer numbers are increasing in Illinois because of high natality, very high fawn survival, and significantly higher survival of yearling and older females than males. 36 Parasites of blackbirds When will raccoon numbers decline? Grassland birds and farmland edge habitats

S. Robinson, C. Kirkpatrick, U. Kitron G. Sanderson R. Warner Growing evidence suggests that blood Raccoon numbers in North America began a Farmland edges comprise most of the semi¬ parasites (similar to malaria in humans) have a sharp increase in 1943, an increase that permanent grasslands in midwestem major impact on bird populations and on the continued for 6-8 years and leveled with agricultural environments. To determine the reproductive success of males. A detailed numbers 10 to 15 times higher than those in productivity of grassland birds in these study of Common Grackles in Urbana showed the 1930s and early 1940s. Contrary to habitats, a nest study was conducted from that most individuals were infested by expectations, numbers have remained high for 1976-1980. These linear habitats attracted parasites. Surprisingly, no evidence was found 40 years. Although small annual variations relatively few grassland birds. Many of the that these parasites affected the health of adult are caused by the effects of weather on passerines experiencing major declines in the grackles. Even heavily parasitized individuals reproduction and vulnerability to hunters and Midwest tended to nest on farmland plots appeared to be normal in size, coloration, and trappers, Illinois data for the past 34 years relatively remote from farmsteads, where breeding success. Apparently, most of the show no trends in such characteristics as body corridor networks connected nest sites with parasites of grackles are benign. weight, reproductive rate, and age and sex other key habitats. These data suggest that ratios. The raccoon continues to be the most some linear habitats are relatively productive valuable furbearer in the State, with 140,000 for nesting birds. pelts worth $882,000 to hunters and trappers.

Population dynamics of a tropical oriole Terrestrial ecosystems and farm programs Deer management in the Chicago area

S. Robinson R. Warner J. Wit ham Recent work has shown that predation plays a Farm policies in Illinois after World War II The Survey’s Urban Deer Study concludes in more important role in wildlife population fostered intensive row-crop farming and December 1989. Recommendations include a dynamics than has often been supposed. A resulted in a loss of upland wildlife habitat. permanent Urban Deer Management Project 10-year study of a population of colonial Multiple regression models and data sets under the Department of Conservation that orioles in an Amazonian field site indicates indicate that the effects of those policies on will function as a wildlife extension service in that population sizes and nesting success are the integrity of terrestrial ecosystems as the Chicago Metropolitan Area, guidelines determined by the activities of just one species measured by the quality of upland wildlife for managing white-tailed deer on Illinois of predator, the Great Black-hawk. The habitat can be quantified and predicted. The Nature Preserves, restrictions on the transloca¬ population of birds nesting on an oxbow lake farm policy-making environment of the 1980s tion of deer for the purpose of population dropped by 90% after a new pair of hawks and early 1990s is unique because it includes a reduction, minimal requirements for issuing moved into the area. The British Broadcasting planning phase for the integration of natural permits for deer removal, and amendments to Corporation filmed these Orioles in 1988 and resource objectives with broader goals in the Good Samaritan Food Donor Act to will return to continue filming them in 1989. agriculture. Phase II of the program empha¬ improve efficiency when donating wildlife sizes alternative means of addressing farm carcasses for human consumption to chari¬ commodity programs and soil and water table organizations. quality goals.

Habitat fragmentation and Illinois birds The Illinois pheasant range 1958-1988 Illinois waterfowl: status and management

S. Robinson R. Warner S. Havera A summer’s work in the Shawnee National The Rural Mail Carriers' Pheasant Census of The eighth year of this study was completed Forest suggests several trends. Cowbirds are 1988 has been compared with those conducted and will culminate in a book treating a variety found virtually everywhere, including deep in at 5-year intervals since 1958. In 1988 carriers of topics relating to waterfowl: wetland the forest interior. Their population densities recorded an average of 1.1 pheasants per 100 habitat, food habits, nesting information, vary among study sites, but the reason is miles of driving, an increase of 120% over the population analyses, banding results, harvest unclear. Many of the primary study species 1983 average; nevertheless, the 1988 figure information, and waterfowl management. The are common and widespread (Wood Thrush, represents a decline of 88% from that recorded Illinois and Mississippi river valleys were Kentucky Warbler, Worm-eating Warbler, in 1963. Important findings are the continued monitored during fall migrations from Northern Parula, and Louisiana Waterthrush). expansion of the pheasant range in western 1948-1988. Analyses of peak numbers of Their high densities suggest that they are at or and southwestern Illinois and the low number mallards since 1948 demonstrate the impact near the carrying capacity of the environment, of pheasants per unit of grassland habitat in sedimentation has had. Approximately 80% and it is unlikely that their populations could the prime range (east-central counties) fewer mallards pass through the Illinois be maintained through immigration. Several compared to that of the 1950s, 1960s, and Valley in autumn today because of the degra¬ species (Cerulean and Hooded warblers, early 1970s. dation of its aquatic habitat and the loss of Ovenbird, Black-and-white Warbler, and Red¬ natural foods for waterfowl. eyed Vireo) may be declining. Lead poisoning in Illinois waterfowl Human disturbance of waterfowl Monitoring lead poisoning in mallards 37

S. Havera, W. Anderson S. Havera S. Havera A comprehensive study was completed and A 3-year study on Keokuk Pool monitored the Blood samples from dead lead-poisoned published as Biological Note 133: “Lead effects of human disturbance on diving ducks mallards were compared to samples taken Poisoning in Illinois Waterfowl (1977-1988) during fall and spring migrations. Waterfowl from the same birds just prior to death. Blood and the Implementation of Nontoxic Shot were disturbed (forced to fly) an average of taken from heart auricles 4, 8, and 24 hours Regulations.” It includes a compilation of data 4.8 times a day in fall and 6.8 times a day in after death had significantly lower lead on abundance of spent shot in soil and spring by boating, barge, and shore activities concentrations than blood taken immediately sediment, ingested shot in gizzards, concen¬ on the 19-mile stretch of the river monitored. before death; however, all samples had lead trations of lead and protoporphyrin in blood One area of high waterfowl use incurred concentrations above established background and or liver, and lead poisoning die-offs in disturbance 11 times a day in fall and 13 times concentrations. Although determining Illinois from 1977 to 1988. Also documented a day in spring. Disturbance may help to concentrations of lead in blood from dead are nontoxic shot regulations in Illinois (past, explain declining numbers of diving ducks in waterfowl produces conservative estimates, present, and future), and how these regula¬ fall since 1980, and refuges inviolate to this technique may nevertheless prove tions were affected by legislative actions and boating may be imperative during fall and acceptable for monitoring lead contamination lawsuits. spring migrations. in waterfowl.

Pheasant and prairie-chicken interactions

R. Westemeier Efforts by the Illinois Department of Conser¬ vation to control pheasants on the Jasper County Prairie-chicken Sanctuaries appear to be succeeding. Spring counts of crowing pheasant cocks showed declines from at least 92 in 1986 to 15 in 1989. Only 5 pheasant eggs were laid in artificial nests containing plastic eggs in April-May 1989, in contrast to heavy parasitism in fake nests during the previous 3 springs. In contrast to 1986, no pheasant eggs were found in 15 prairie- chicken nests examined in 1988 and 1989, although a bobwhite nest and a mallard nest were parasitized in 1988. Finally, no pheasant nests were found in 136 acres of key sanctuary grasslands in 1989.

Declining reproduction by prairie-chickens Waterfowl on Keokuk Pool Effects of redosing mallards with lead shot

R. Westemeier S. Havera S. Havera The hatch rate for prairie-chicken declined In the springs of 1977 and 1981-1988, the Waterfowl are subject to spent lead shot on from 1963 through 1989 in Jasper County. physiological condition of live-trapped lesser their breeding, migration, and wintering areas. Parasitism by pheasants is one explanation, scaups, canvasbacks, and ring-necked ducks Often individual birds ingest one lead pellet but the downward trend was also observed for on Keokuk Pool was monitored. In 1985 and and subsequently ingest a second or third. unparasitized nests beginning about 1985. 1986, birds were also fluoroscoped to detect Control mallards were given no lead shot and The 1980s were years of high pheasant embedded and ingested spent shot, and blood each member of the dose and redose groups abundance, and interactions with prairie- samples were taken to determine lead levels. was given one No. 4 lead pellet. After 35 chickens were common. Egg fertility The body condition in spring of lesser scaup at days, the redose group was given a second No. appeared to begin a downward trend, and Keokuk Pool will be compared to their 4 lead pellet. Body weights were recorded and clutch size showed considerable annual condition on migration areas in northern lead content in blood and tissue samples were variation but no downward trend. Declining Minnesota and on wintering grounds along the measured to determine the accumulation of fecundity due to inbreeding depression is Gulf Coast of Louisiana. One focus of the the toxin after the ingestion of the second possible, but the pheasant cannot be dis¬ study is on lead poisoning in diving ducks pellet. Results should provide insights into counted as responsible for the decline in hatch during spring migration; another examines the sublethal effects of lead poisoning in rate and possibly for the decline in egg their body condition in spring. waterfowl. fertility, even among unparasitized nests. 38 Bluebirds in west-central Illinois Dispersal of wild soybeans Wood duck book

S. Havera T Hymowitz, R. Larkin F. Bellrose Eastern bluebirds have been declining region¬ The ancestors of modern Glycine cultivars In the United States, the wood duck nests ally in recent years principally because of were first grow in eastern China. Related almost exclusively in habitats shunned by decreasing nesting habitat. This study species occur in modern China and in other species. With harvest controlled, it has evaluated reproductive success, territoriality, Australia, but no relatives occur between these risen from near extinction in the early 1900s to survival, and homing of eastern bluebirds. In geographical areas. Investigators conclude the second most important duck in the bag of 1988, 54 bluebird houses were monitored. from chromosomal and natural history infor¬ American hunters. Near completion is a book Thirty-two nests were found with one egg mation that migratory birds probably carried on the wood duck that covers 50 years of each and 23 (72%) successfully fledged seeds of wild soybean plants across the research at the Survey and findings from 800 young. Fourteen males nested with 15 Equator to Australia. other investigators. Analyses of 445,378 females in 1988 compared with 9 nesting pairs bandings and 46,344 recoveries show annual in 1985.5 in 1984,6 in 1983,3 in 1982, and 6 survival at about 50%—highest in adult males in 1981. Ninety-one nestlings were banded in and lowest in immature females. Hunters take 1988 compared with 55 in 1985, 20 in 1984. about 20% of the birds and natural mortality 29 in 1983, 12 in 1982, and 42 in 1981. the rest. The moderate harvest of wood ducks, Eleven of 27 adults examined in 1988 had unlike that of mallards, has a depressing been banded previously and returned. effect on survival.

Harvest residues of waste grain Trace element analyses

R. Warner, S. Havera, L. David, R. Siemers S. Wood Analyses of the abundance of waste grain and Trace elements were analyzed during the year harvest residue in relation to fall tillage in samples received from private citizens, practices were completed. Compared to University of Illinois staff and graduate untilled fields, fields disturbed in autumn by students, Urbana and Champaign Sanitary reduced tillage typically had 50-60% less District, City of Urbana, Northern Illinois harvest residue on the soil surface and Water Corporation, Waukegan Park District, 65-80% less waste grain by late fall. Mean and Lake County Health Department. amounts of waste com in untilled fields in late Samples included tissue from the Section’s fall ranged from 60 to 431 kg/ha (dry wt) prairie-chicken and mallard lead poisoning annually and declined about 55% by early projects, mink tissue from the Illinois Depart¬ spring: waste soybeans in untilled fields ment of Conservation, and fish tissue from the ranged between 34 and 63 kg/ha annually in Crab Orchard Lake Project of Southern late fall and declined about 85% by early Illinois University and from lakes monitored spring. by the Lake County Health Department. In progress is an extensive screening for lead of water fountains in Unit 7 District Schools.

Bird hazard algorithm Pesticide and PCB analyses

R Larkin. D. Quine. D. Mattox S. Wood A self-contained procedure was developed to Samples tested during the past year came from recognize dispersing starlings and blackbirds private citizens. Survey staff. City of Urbana, on large weather radars. The procedure uses several University of Illinois departments, an image-processing technique, the Hough Urbana and Champaign Sanitary District, Transform, to locate masses of birds departing Lake County Health District, two local the roost. About 6,000 migrating birds were businesses. Southern Illinois University, and recorded on the Survey’s tracking radar. In the University of Chicago. PCB analyses on addition, fall studies of migrating snow geese fishes collected from Crab Orchard Lake and Canada geese were continued. continue as part of a project of Southern Illinois University to ascertain effects of the old Sangamo Electric Company’s dump site on the biota of the lake. Also in progress are analyses of pheasant tissue from the Section's prairie-chicken project and fish tissue from lakes being monitored by the Lake County Health District. FINANCIAL STATEMENT The financial position of the Survey remained levels were maintained only with great precarious throughout the year and again difficulty. The table below summarizes the proved a major constraint on research, service, financial profile of the Survey for Fiscal Year and activity at all levels. The Survey realized 1989. Included are the General Revenue Fund, little in the way of financial relief through the Lands Unsuitable for Mining Program, increased appropriations, and programming and Miscellaneous Funds. levels could not be increased; indeed, current

Financial Statement of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Fiscal Year 1989. Values are given in thousands of dollars.

FY 88 Appropriations FY 89 Percent Accounts Actual including transfers Actual change

General Revenue Fund Personal services $2,854.7 $2,857.4 $2,857.4 +0.1 Retirement contributions 285.6 291.8 291.8 +2.2 Social security contributions 2.1 2.8 2.8 +33.3 Contractual services 69.9 67.7 67.7 -3.2 Travel 4.8 4.8 4.8 0.0 Commodities 36.5 39.9 39.9 +9.3 Printing 18.9 14.7 13.9 -26.5 Equipment 22.9 23.9 23.3 + 1.8 Telecommunications 54.4 57.3 57.3 +5.3 Operation of auto equipment 34.6 32.5 32.5 -6.1 Data processing 2.3 2.2 1.9 -17.4 Total 3,386.7 3,395.0 3,393.3 +0.2

Lands Unsuitable for Mining Program Personal services 234.0 205.8 203.6 -13.0 Social security contributions 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 100.0 Group insurance 9.7 7.3 7.3 -24.7 Contractual services 10.0 5.0 5.0 -50.0 Travel 5.9 4.2 4.2 -28.8 Commodities 9.5 0.8 0.8 -91.6 Equipment 1.6 0.0 0.0 -100.0 Telecommunications 8.4 25.4 25.3 +201.2 Operation of auto equipment 2.6 0.0 0.0 -100.0 Data processing 60.8 73.1 69.6 + 14.5 Total 342.5 322.1 316.3 -7.7

Miscellaneous Funds Repair and maintenance 38.4 38.4 38.4 0.0 Maintenance of major equipment 16.8 18.7 16.1 -4.2 Total 55.2 57.1 54.5 -1.3 40 As the pie chart below illustrates rather dra¬ is to continue to carry out its legislative Appropriations to the General Revenue Fund matically, appropriations to the various mandate. Never in the more than a century of have increased very little over the past ten operating lines continued to be a vexing service to the citizens of Illinois has the years. Although a modest growth is evident in problem during the past year. Over 92 percent Survey’s mission been more important. The dollars allotted, the effects of inflation on the of the total budget was allocated to salaries environmental issues that are so clearly related budget have proved devastating. When the and fringe benefits; only $243,000 or 7 to the economic health of the State, to the well budget is expressed in terms of the purchasing percent could be spent in all other areas. being of its citizens, and to the survival of its power of 1979 dollars, we discover that the Because increased costs are associated with diverse flora and fauna can no longer go increases are largely illusory. In practical all activities of the Survey, operating line unaddressed, and the Survey must inevitably terms, as pictured on the line graph below, no appropriations must be increased if the Survey play a major role in that endeavor. real growth has been experienced by the Survey in more than a decade.

Allocation of General Revenue Fund

Salaries and fringe benefits 92.8% Otherexpenses 7.2% Contractual Travel Commodities Printing Equipment Telecommunications Auto Data processing

Effect of inflation over ten years PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Aquatic Biology lysine requirement of juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Journal of the World Publications and Reports Aquaculture Society 19:109-112. Anderson, R.V., J. W, Grubaugh, and D.B. Markillie. 1988. Long-term resource Champoux, L., H. Sloterdijk, Y. Couil- monitoring program, upper Mississippi River lard, V. Jarry, and P.E. Ross. 1989. Etude system: Pool 26 site water quality parameters. de la qualite des sediments du lac St-Louis Annual report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife (fleuve St-Laurent) 1984-1985. II: Contami¬ Service, Onalaska, WI. nation et toxicite des elutriats. Technical report 6-5016 to Environment Canada, Inland Austen, D.J., and D.J. Orth. 1988. Waters and Lands Directorate, by Environne- Evaluation of a 305-mm minimum length ment Illimite, Inc., Montreal, Quebec. limit for smallmouth bass in the New River, Virginia and West Virginia. North American Epifanio, J„ M. Nedbal, and D.P. Philipp. Journal of Fish Management 8:231-239. 1989. A population genetic analysis of paddlefish (Polyodon spathida). Illinois Bayley, P.B. 1988. Accounting for effort Natural History Survey Aquatic Biology when comparing tropical fisheries in lakes, Technical Report 89/4. river-floodplains, and lagoons. Limnology and Oceanography 21:127-142. Grubaugh, J.W., and R.V. Anderson. 1988. Spatial and temporal availability of floodplain Bayley, P.B. 1988. Los Recursos Pesqueros habitat: long-term changes at Pool 19, en la Cuenca del Rio Guayas con respecto al Mississippi River. American Midland Proyecto Daule-Peripa. Anexo 3. Plan de Naturalist 119:402—411. Manego Ambiental de las Areas de Afectacion del Proyecto de Proposito Multiple. “Jaimes/ Grubaugh, J.W., and R.V. Anderson. 1989. Roldos Aguilera.” (Report to Inter-American Upper Mississippi River: seasonal and Development Bank and CEDEGE, Ecuador). floodplain forest influences on organic matter transport. Hydrobiologia 174:235-244. Bayley, P.B. 1989. Data base management and analysis of fisheries in Illinois impound¬ Henebry, M.S., and P.E. Ross. 1989. Use of ments. Annual report F-69-R to the Illinois protozoan communities to assess the Department of Conservation, Springfield. ecotoxicological hazard of contaminated sediments. Toxicity Assessment 4:209-227. Bayley, P.B. 1989. Gear efficiency calibra¬ tions for stream and river sampling. Annual Herendeen, R. 1988. Net energy considera¬ report F-61 -R to the Illinois Department of tions. Pages 255-273 in R. West and F. Conservation, Springfield. Kreith, eds. Economic analysis of solar thermal energy systems. MIT Press, Cam¬ Bayley, P.B., and D.J. Austen. 1988. A bridge, MA. comparison of detonating cord and rotenone used for sampling fish in impoundments. Herendeen, R. 1988. Network trophic North American Journal of Fish Management dynamics [letter to the editor with response]. 8:310-316. Ecological Modelling 42:75-78.

Bayley, P.B., and R.F. Illyes. 1988. Herendeen, R. 1988. Role of models in Measuring fish and recording data in the field ecology. Ecological Modelling 43:133-136. and laboratory: a microcomputer application. Fisheries 13:15-18. Hooe, M.L., and D.H. Buck. 1989. Produc¬ tion of hybrid crappies and their evaluation as Brown, P.B., D.A. Davis, and E.H. sport fish. Annual report F-70-R to the Illinois Robinson. 1988. An estimate of the dietary Department of Conservation, Springfield. 42 Horns. W.H. 1988. Source, abundance, and Osborne, L.L., P.B. Bayley, R.W. Lari¬ hazard of contaminated sediments. Toxicity fate of lake trout eggs on Julian’s reef. Illinois more, D. Dowling, M. Morris, C. Nixon, J. Assessment 4:1-21. Natural History Survey Aquatic Biology Peterson, A. Raflo, and D. Szafoni. 1989. Technical Report 88/8. The fishes of Champaign County, Illinois. Ross, P.E., V. Jarry, and H. Sloterdijk. Annual report F-76-R to the Illinois Depart¬ 1988. A rapid bioassay using the green alga Horns, W.H. 1988. A sport fishing creel ment of Conservation, Springfield. Selenastrum capricornutum to screen for survey of the Illinois portion of Lake toxicity in St. Lawrence River sediment Michigan. 1 April 1987 through 31 March Osborne, L.L., and E.E. Herricks. 1989. elutriates. Pages 68-73 in J. Cairns, Jr., and 1988. Illinois Natural History Survey Aquatic Habitat and water quality considerations in J.R. Pratt, eds. Functional testing of aquatic Biology Technical Report 88/7. receiving waters. In L.A. Roesner, B. biota for estimating hazards of chemicals. Urbonas, and M.B. Sonnen, eds. Design of American Society for Testing and Materials, Horns, W.H. 1989. Yellow perch growth—a urban runoff quality controls. American Philadelphia. ASTM STP 988. collaboration initiative. Illinois Natural Society of Engineers, New York. History Survey Aquatic Biology Technical Ross, P.E., and R.E. Sparks. 1989. Identifi¬ Report 89/3. Osborne, L.L., and M.J. Wiley. 1988. cation of toxic substances in the upper Illinois Empirical relationships between land use/ River. Illinois Natural History Survey Reports Illyes. R.F., and P.B. Bayley. 1989. cover and stream water quality in a midwest- 283. Electronic caliper technical reference. Illinois em agricultural watershed and their applica¬ Natural History Survey Aquatic Biology tion to environmental planning. Journal of Sobaski, S.T., B. Newman, D. Austen, R. Technical Report 89/2. Environmental Management 26:9^-27. Maher, and P.B. Bayley. 1988. GIS at the Natural History Survey: on lakes. Illinois Jordan, I.T.. P.E. Ross, and B. Peniel- Osborne, L.L., M.J. Wiley, and R.W. Natural History Survey Reports 281 and 282. Alloul. 1988. Seasonal variations in Larimore. 1988. Evaluation of the phytoplankton size structure in Lake PHABSIM instream flow model: accuracy of Sparks, R.E., and K.D. Blodgett. 1988. Cromwell (Laurentian Shield), Quebec. predicted fish habitat conditions in low- Effects of fleeting on mussels. Illinois Natural Hydrobiologia 169:167-182. gradient, warmwater streams. Regulated History Survey Aquatic Biology Technical Rivers 2:619-631. Report 88/9. Kapuscinski, A.R., and D.P. Philipp. 1988. Fisheries genetics: issues and priorities for Osborne, L.L., M.J. Wiley, R.W. Larimore, Sparks, R.E., K.D. Blodgett, L. Durham, research and policy development. Fisheries and T.J. Kwak. 1988. Augmenting concepts and R. Horner. 1989. Determination of the 13(6):4—10. and techniques for examining critical flow causative agent for mussel die-offs. Report to requirements of Illinois stream fisheries. the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Koppelman. J.B., G.S. Whitt, and D.P. Addendum to Illinois Natural History Survey Resources, Springfield. Philipp. 1988. Thermal preferenda of Aquatic Biology Section Technical Report northern, Florida, and reciprocal F, hybrid 87/5. Tazik, P.P., and R.E. Sparks. 1988. GIS at largemouth bass. Transactions of the the Natural History Survey: on aquatic plants. American Fisheries Society 117:238-244. Philipp. D.P., J.E. Claussen, C.C. Krueger, Illinois Natural History Survey Reports 281 G.H. Thorgaard. R.J. Wattendorf, and and 282. Larimore. R.W.. and J. Peterson. 1989. G.S. Whitt. 1988. The national fisheries Kankakee River fishes of the Braidwood genetics plan. Final report to the U.S. Fish and Tinsley, V.R., L.A. Nielsen, and D.H. Station aquatic monitoring area, August 1988. Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. Wahl, 1989. Pushnet sampling as a supple¬ Illinois Natural History Survey Aquatic ment to seine sampling in rivers. Fisheries Biology Technical Report 89/1. Philipp, D.P., J.E. Claussen, and G.S. Research 7:201-206. Whitt. 1988. The Illinois state fisheries Morris, M.A. 1989. Springtime is here, and genetics research program. Illinois Natural Wahl, D.H. 1988. Review of Managing so are the snakes. Illinois Natural History History Survey Aquatic Biology Technical muskies edited by G.E. Hall, American Survey Reports 286. Report 88/6. Fisheries Society Special Publication 15. Transactions of the American Fisheries Munn, M., L.L. Osborne, and M.J. Wiley. Ross, P.E., J. Dorkin, and M. Henebry. Society 117:95-96. 1989. The use of nutrient-diffusing substrates 1988. Navigational dredging: two American in determining macronutrient limitation in case studies (Chicago and Waukegan Wahl, D.H., K.A. Bruner, and L.A. agricultural streams of central Illinois. harbors). In Proceedings of the Third Nielsen. 1988. Trophic ecology of freshwater Hydrobiologia 174(2):89—97. Conference on Toxic Substances, Montreal, drum in large rivers. Journal of Freshwater Quebec. Minister of Supply and Service, Ecology 4:483—491. Osborne, L.L. 1988. GIS at the Natural Canada. EN40-11/4-1988. History Survey: on fish. Illinois Natural Wahl, D.H., and R.A. Stein. 1988. Selective History Survey Reports 281 and 282. Ross, P., and M. Henebry. 1989. Use of four predation by three esocids: the role of prey microbial tests to assess the ecotoxicological behavior and morphology. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 117:142-151. Warner, R.E., and D.P. Philipp. 1988. Burnett, L.C., and P.E. Ross. Assessing Herendeen, R. Exergy, ascendency, and Genetic management of North American sediment toxicity: a comparison of bioassay energy intensity.net output in dynamic pheasant populations. Pages 199-214m D.L. response. First International Conference on ecosystems. Seminar, University of Stock¬ Hallett, W.R. Edwards, and G.V. Burger, eds. Environmental Bioassay Techniques and holm, Sweden, and Chalmers Institute of Pheasants: symptoms of wildlife problems on Their Application, Lancaster, England. 11-14 Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. December agricultural lands. North-central Section of the July 1988. 1988. Wildlife Society, Bloomington, IN. Burnett, L.C., and P.E. Ross. Toxicity Kohler, S.L. Predation risk and the foraging Professional and Community Service assessment of contaminants associated with behavior of competing stream insects. Anderson, R.V., J.W. Grubaugh, R.E. sediments from lower Lake Michigan. A cost- Seminar, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Sparks, and K.D. Blodgett. Mussels of benefit analysis of testing methods. Ninth October 1988. Pool 19, 75 years behind a dam. Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting of the Mississippi River and Chemistry, Arlington, VA. 13-17 Kohler, S.L. Predation, competition, and the Research Consortium, La Crosse, WI. 27-28 November 1988. drift and foraging behavior of a lotic grazer. April 1989. Thirty-seventh Annual Meeting of the North Burnett, L.C., and P.E. Ross. Development American Benthological Society, Guelph, Bayley, P.B. Quantifying fish populations in of aquatic bioassays for use in multimedia risk Ontario. 15-19 May 1989. freshwater environments. Twenty-seventh assessment. Thirteenth Symposium on Annual Meeting of the Illinois Chapter of the Aquatic Toxicology and Risk, Atlanta, GA. Konkle, B., N.C. Collins, and R.L. Baker. American Fisheries Society, La Salle, IL. 28 16-18 April 1989. Estimating littoral fish food resources using February-2 March 1989. short-term colonization of artificial substrates. Burnett, L.C., and P.E. Ross. The use of Fiftieth Annual Meeting of the Midwest Fish Bayley, P.B., and D.J. Austen. Efficiency microorganisms in multimedia toxicity and Wildlife Conference, Columbus, OH. 5-7 of fish capture using rotenone, detonating testing. Fourth International Symposium on December 1988. cord, and boat electrofishing. One-hundred- Toxicity Assessment Using Microbial eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American Systems, Las Vegas, NV. 8-11 May 1989. Konkle, B., and D.P. Philipp. Unidirectional Fisheries Society, Toronto, Ontario. Septem¬ interspecific hybridization in a natural ber 1988. (Poster) Dillon, F.S., B.L. Todd, and R.E. Sparks. population of sunfish. Twenty-seventh The effects of commercial navigation on Annual Meeting of the Illinois Chapter of the Bayley, P.B., R.W. Larimore, and D.C. channel catfish in the Illinois River—Phase II. American Fisheries Society, La Salle, IL, 28 Dowling. The use of an electric seine to Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the February-2 March 1989; and Ontario Ecology assess fish communities in warmwater Illinois Chapter of the American Fisheries and Evolution Conference, Kingston, April streams. Fiftieth Annual Meeting of the Society, La Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March 1989. Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, 1989. Columbus, OH. 7-9 December 1988. Larimore, R.W. Development of methods for Epifanio, J., M. Nedbal, and D.P. Philipp. sampling Illinois fish. Twenty-seventh Bayley, P.B., R.W. Larimore, and D.C. Biochemical and molecular genetics of Annual Meeting of the Illinois Chapter of the Dowling. A comparison of electric seine, paddlefish, Polyodon spat hula. Twenty- American Fisheries Society, La Salle, IL. 28 minnow seine, and backpack shocker seventh Annual Meeting of the Illinois February-2 March 1989. efficiencies in warmwater streams. Twenty- Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, La seventh Annual Meeting of the Illinois Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March 1989. Morris, M., and R. Rung. Rudd in Illinois. Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, La Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March 1989. Gorden, R.W. Bacterial contributions to Illinois Chapter of the American Fisheries aquaculture. Second Annual Illinois Aquacul¬ Society, La Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March Blodgett, K.D. Man’s impact on the biology ture Industry Association Meeting, Decatur. 1989. of the Illinois River. Seminar, Spoon River 31 January-1 February 1989. College, Canton, IL. 16 November 1988. Moy, P.B., R.F. Illyes, R.E. Sparks, and Gorden, R.W., and M.S. Henebry. Bacterial P.T. Raibley. Fish watcher: an automated Brown, P.B., and M.L. Hooe. Preliminary populations of the Mississippi River. Annual system for monitoring fish behavior in evaluation of crayfish culture in Illinois. Meeting of the American Society of Limnol¬ aquaria. Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of Second Annual Meeting of the Illinois ogy and Oceanography, San Francisco, CA. the Illinois Chapter of the American Fisheries Aquaculture Industries Association, Decatur, December 1988. Society, La Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March IL. 31 January-1 February 1989. 1989. Gross, M.R., and D.P. Philipp. Evolution of Brown, P.B., M.L. Hooe, S. Noblitt, and P. alternative reproductive behaviors in sunfish. Osborne, L.L. Habitat and water quality Harrison. Hypothesis testing regarding diet- International Genetics Congress, Toronto, considerations in receiving systems. Engi¬ induced blue pigmented crayfish. Aquacul¬ Ontario. September 1988. neering Foundation Conference on Current ture ’89, Los Angeles, CA. 12-16 February Practice and Design Criteria for Urban Runoff 1989. (Pester) Water Quality Control, Potosi, Mo. 10-15 July 1988. 44 Osborne, L.L. Use of GIS in landscape Montreal. Quebec; University of Regina, Pollution Control Biologists and Instream ecology, application to water quality Regina, Saskatchewan; Freshwater Fisheries Biological Monitoring and Criteria Work¬ management. Seminar, Department of Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba; University of shop, Chicago, IL. 14—17 February 1989. Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois Alberta, Edmonton; University of British at Urbana-Champaign. 1988. Columbia, Vancouver; University of Toronto, Tazik, P.P. Triploid grass carp: its utility for Ontario. April-May 1989. vegetation control. North American Lakes Osborne, L.L. Habitat assessment procedures Management Society Eighth International used within the NCD: a summary of the Philipp, D.P. Fish introductions; when do Symposium, St. Louis, MO. 15-17 November Rivers and Streams Committee’s activities. good intentions go bad? Seminar, York 1988. Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the University, Toronto, Ontario. June 1989. Illinois Chapter of the American Fisheries Tazik, P.P., and R.V. Anderson. Implica¬ Society, La Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March Philipp, D.P., and J.E. Claussen. Fish gene tions of macrophyte bed development in a 1989. pools: mismanagement through stock transfer. main channel border area, upper Mississippi International Genetics Congress, Toronto, River. Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Osborne, L.L. Water quality restoration: a Ontario. September 1988. Upper Mississippi River Research Consor¬ perspective and some methods. Technical tium, La Crosse, WI. 27-28 April 1989. Issues Workshop, 37th Annual Meeting of the Philipp, D.P., and J.E. Claussen. Misman¬ North American Benthological Society, agement through stock transfer: differential Todd, B.L., F.S. Dillon, and R.E. Sparks. Guelph, Ontario. 15-19 May 1989. performance of largemouth bass stocks. One- 1988. Habitat use and movements of channel hundred-and-eighteenth Annual Meeting of catfish in a navigable river. Fiftieth Annual Osborne, L.L. The U.S. Army Corps of the American Fisheries Society, Toronto, Meeting of the Midwest Fish and Wildlife Engineers’ environmental impact computer Ontario. September 1988. Conference, Columbus, OH. 5-7 December system. Environmental Technical Information 1988. System Workshop, University of Illinois at Ross. P.E. Assessing sediment contamination Urbana-Champaign and Construction in Great Lakes areas of concern. Midwest Engineering Research Laboratory. 1989. State Pollution Control Biologists and Botany and Plant Pathology Instream Biological Monitoring and Criteria Osborne, L.L., R.W. Larimore, and M.J. Workshop, Chicago, IL. 14—17 February Publications and Reports Wiley. Assessment of the hydrologic 1989. Bowles, M.L., A. Dennis, D.M. Ketzner, component (WSP) of the PHABSIM instream L.R. Phillippe, K.R. Robertson, M.K. flow model in low-gradient warmwater Ross, P.E., L.C. Burnett, and M. Muna- Solecki, J.B. Taft, and E.F. Ulaszek. 1989. streams. Fiftieth Annual Meeting of the war. Microbial assessment of sediment Report to the Endangered Species Protection Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, toxicity at Great Lakes areas of concern. Board on the results of an investigation of Columbus, OH. 5-7 December 1988. Fourth International Symposium on Toxicity endangered plants with few or unknown extant Assessment Using Microbial Systems, Las populations and recommendations for changes Peterson, J.. R. Monzingo, and R.W. Vegas, NV. 8-11 May 1989. in their listing status. Illinois Natural History Larimore. Annual sampling of the Kankakee Survey, Section of Botany and Plant Pathol¬ River for long-term fish community changes Sparks, R.E. Disturbance and recovery of ogy Technical Series BPP 1989-3. 22 p. and its associated problems. Twenty-seventh large floodplain rivers. Workshop on Annual Meeting of the Illinois Chapter of the Recovery of Lotic Communities and Ecosys¬ Burton, P.J., and F.A. Bazzaz. 1988. American Fisheries Society, La Salle, IL. 28 tems Following Disturbance, Duluth, MN. Physiological responses of tree seedlings to February-2 March 1989. 3-5 October 1988. interference from different old-field overstory patches. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of Philipp, D.P. Fish gene pools: mismanage¬ Sparks, R.E. Illinois River sampling America 69:88. (Abstract) ment through stock transfer. Seminar, program. Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of Washington State University, Pullman, the Illinois Chapter of the American Fisheries Burton, P.J., K.R. Robertson, and A. September 1988: and University of Toronto, Society, La Salle, IL. 28 February-2 March Dennis. 1989. Directory of Illinois systema- Erindale, Ontario, October 1988. 1989. tists, ecologists, and field biologists, 2nd ed. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Philipp. D.P. Interface between aquaculture Sparks, R.E. The natural history of current Publication 3. 146 p. and natural resources. Aquaculture '89, Los problems of the Illinois River. Meeting of the Angeles, CA. 12-16 February 1989. Technical Liaison Committee of the National Burton, P.J., K.R. Robertson, L.R. Water Quality Assessment Program, Rolling Iverson, and P.G. Risser. 1988. Use of Philipp, D.P. Fish introductions: when do Meadows, IL. 29-30 March 1989. resource partitioning and disturbance regimes good intentions go bad? Seminar presented as in the design and management of restored part of the Zoological Education Trust Lecture Stemmer, B.L., G.A. Burton, Jr., K.L. prairies. Pages 46-88 in E.B. Allen, ed. The Tour at Memorial University, St John’s, Wings, P.E. Ross, and L.C. Burnett. A reconstruction of disturbed arid lands. Newfoundland; Dalhousie University, multi-trophic level evaluation of toxicity in American Association for the Advancement of Halifax, Nova Scotia; McGill University, lower Lake Michigan. Midwest State Science Selected Symposium No. 109. Graham, R.L., L.R. Iverson, E.A. Cook, inhabiting Leptosphaeria with ornamented 45 Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO. and J.S. Olson. 1988. Stand structure and ascospores. Mycological Society of America growth in the Great Smoky Mountains Newsletter 39:32. (Abstract)

Cook, E.A., J.E. Gardner, J.D. Garner, National Park: Whittaker’s stands revisited. and J.E. Hofmann. 1988. Analyzing home Page 2 in Abstracts of the 14th Annual Iverson, L.R. 1988. Land-use changes in range and habitat selection of the Indiana bat Scientific Research Meeting of the Upland Illinois, USA: the influence of landscape using radio telemetry and GIS techniques. Areas of the Southeast Region, National Park attributes on current and historic land use. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America Service. (Abstract) Landscape Ecology 2:45-61. 69:105. (Abstract) Grunwald, C. 1988. Impact of acid precipita¬ Iverson, L.R. 1988. Plant growth on brine-

Cook, E.A., and L.R. Iverson. 1988. As¬ tion on nitrogen and CO, fixation and biomass contaminated land. Quarterly reports in sessing forests and other land cover in accumulation by soybean. Environmental March, June, and September to the Illinois selected Illinois urban areas with respect to Pollution 53:430-431. Department of Energy and Natural Resources, socioeconomic and hydrologic factors. Nos. Springfield. 1,2, and 3. Progress reports to the Illinois Grunwald, C. 1989. Water stress and its Department of Energy and Natural Resources, effect on plant growth and crop yield. Illinois Iverson, L.R., E.A. Cook, and R.L. Springfield. Natural History Survey Reports 283. Graham. 1988. Applications of remote sensing to forested ecosystems. Bulletin of the

Cook, E.A., and L.R. Iverson. 1988. GIS at Grunwald, C., and A.G. Endress. 1988. Ecological Society of America 69:84. the Natural History Survey: on estimating Oil, fatty acid, and protein content of seeds (Abstract) regional forest cover. Illinois Natural History harvested from soybeans exposed to O, and/or Survey Reports 281 and 282. SO,. Botanical Gazette 149:283-288. Iverson, L.R., and D.M. Ketzner. 1988. Illinois Plant Information Network. Annual

Cook, E.A., L.R. Iverson, and R.L. Grunwald, C., and L.-S. Huang. 1989. report to the Illinois Department of Transpor¬ Graham. 1989. Estimating forest productiv¬ Analysis of steryl glycosides. Pages 49-60 in tation, Springfield. ity with thematic mapper and biogeographical W.D. Nes and E.G. Parish, eds. Analysis of data. Remote Sensing of Environment sterols and other biologically significant Iverson, L.R., and D.M. Ketzner. 1988. 27:131-141. steroids. Academic Press, Inc., NY. Illinois Plant Information Network user’s guide. Illinois Natural History Survey,

Council of Tree and Landscape Apprais¬ Himelick, E.B., and D. Neely. 1988. Champaign. ers [D. Neely, ed.]. 1988. Valuation of Systemic chemical control of the sycamore landscape trees, shrubs, and other plants, 7th anthracnose disease. Illinois Natural History Ketzner, D.M., E.F. Ulaszek, and L.R. ed. International Society of Arboriculture, Survey Reports 280. Iverson. 1989. Status of Silene regia in Urbana, IL. 50 p. Illinois. Report to the Endangered Species Himelick, E.B., and D. Neely. 1988. Protection Board, Springfield, IL.

Crane, J.L., and J.D. Schoknecht. 1989. Systemic control of the sycamore anthracnose Scanning electron microscope. Illinois disease. Illinois Arboriculture 5(4):3^1. Munkvold, G.P., and D. Neely. 1988. SEM Natural History Survey Reports 286. preparation of Tubakia dryina. Phytopathol¬ Himelick, E.B., and D. Neely. 1989. ogy 78:153. (Abstract)

Endress, A.G. 1989. Potential implications Systemic chemical control of the sycamore for crops in a changing global environment. anthracnose disease. Ohio State University, Munkvold, G.P., and D. Neely. 1989. A Pages 118-129 in Proceedings of the 15th Columbus, Cooperative Extension Service Cylindrosporium leaf spot on oak. Journal of Annual Crop Protection Workshop, Cham¬ Nursery Notes 23(7): 1-2. Arboriculture 15:162-164. paign, IL. Huang, L.-S., and C. Grunwald. 1988. Neely, D. 1988. Closure of pruning wounds

Endress, A.G., andC. Grunwald. 1988. Effect of light on sterol changes in Medicago with conventional and ‘Shigo’ cuts. Journal of Similarity of proportional yield response in sativa. Plant Physiology 88:1403-1406. Arboriculture 14:261-264. greenhouse and field soybeans exposed to Ov Environmental Pollution 53:424-425. Huang, L.-S., andC. Grunwald. 1988.The Neely, D. 1988. Control of Dutch elm disease influence of light on mevalonic acid incorpo¬ in Illinois. Illinois Arboriculture 5(3):3-4.

Gomez-Pompa, A., and L.I. Nevling. 1988. ration into foliar alfalfa sterols. Plant Some reflections on floristic databases. Taxon Physiology 86:98. (Abstract) Neely, D. 1988. Wound closure rates on trees. 37:764-775. Journal of Arboriculture 14:250-254. Huang, L.-S., andC. Grunwald. 1989.

Graham, R.L., L.R. Iverson, and E.A. Mevalonate incorporation into alfalfa sterols. Neely, D. 1989. Control of crabapple rust and Cook. 1988. Long-term records of stand Phytochemistry 28:465^168. hawthorn rust with foliar sprays: 1988. structure and growth in the Great Smoky Results of Fungicide-Nematicide Tests, Mountains, Tennessee. Bulletin of the Huhndorf, S.M., J.L. Crane, and C.A. American Phytopathological Society 44:268. Ecological Society of America 69:84. Shearer. 1988. A freshwater, wood- (Abstract) Neely. D. 1989. Don't leave stubs. Illinois Department of Plant Pathology, University of Professional and Community Service Arboriculture 6(2):3-4. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative Burton, P.J., and F.A. Bazzaz. Physiologi¬ Extension Service Report on Plant Diseases cal responses of tree seedlings to interference Neely, D. 1989. Pruning cuts in trees. Illinois 602, revised. 6 p. from different old-field overstory patches. Natural History Survey Reports 284. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of Shurtleff, M.C., R.D. Neely, and D.A. America, University of California, Davis. Neely, D., and E.B. Himelick. 1989. Sus¬ Glawe. 1988. Fungal leaf spots on shade and 14-18 August 1988. ceptibility of honeylocust cultivars to ornamental trees. Department of Plant Thyronectria canker. Journal of Arboriculture Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Cook, E.A., J.E. Gardner, J.D. Garner, 15:189-191. Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service and J.E. Hofmann. Radio telemetry and GIS Report on Plant Diseases 648, revised. 8 p. analysis of Indiana bat habitat. Third Biennial Nevling, L.I. 1989. Comments on the rela¬ National Workshop on Micro-computer tionship between governmental organizations Shurtleff, M.C., R.D. Neely, and S.M. Applications in Fish and Wildlife Programs, and collections, asc newsletter 17:5-6. Ries, 1989. Bacterial wetwood and slime flux Stateline, NV. 27-30 September 1988. of landscape trees. Department of Plant Nevling, L.I., and K. Barringer. 1988. A Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Cook, E.A., and L.R. Iverson. Estimating new and probably extinct species of Daphnop- Champaign, Cooperative Extension Service forest cover and productivity across large sis (Thymelaeaceae) from Ecuador. Annals of Report on Plant Diseases 656. 6 p. regions using AVHRR and Landsat thematic the Missouri Botanical Garden 75:728-729. mapper data. Meeting of the Illinois Mapping Szafoni, D., C. Grunwald, and L. Iverson. Advisory Committee, Champaign. 20 January Nevling, L.I.. and K. Barringer. (1988) 1988. Illinois barren Longwall mine waste, 1989. 1989. Thymelaeaceae. Flora de Veracruz fifty years after abandonment. Transactions of 59:1-16. the Illinois State Academy of Science Endress, A.G., and S.L.Post. Presentations 81:113-130. on air pollution. Biology classes. Parkland Ololmi-Sadeghl H., C.G. Helm, M. College, Champaign, IL. 1-2 December 1988. Kogan, and D.F. Schoeneweiss. 1988. Taft, J.B. 1989. The noteworthy vegetation Effect of water stress on abundance of of the proposed FAP 431 alignment from 1-55 Gardner, J.E., E.A. Cook, J.D. Garner, twospotted spider mite on soybeans under to 1-80, Will, Cook, and DuPage counties, and J.E. Hofmann. Habitat use and foraging greenhouse conditions. Entomologia with emphasis on the state and federal ranges of Myotis sodalis maternity colonies in Experimentalis et Applicata (Netherlands) candidate endangered and threatened species Illinois determined by radio telemetry and 48:85-90. and natural areas. Report to the Illinois computer analysis. Annual Meeting of the Department of Transportation, Springfield. Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Risser. P.G., and L.R. Iverson. 1988. Illinois Natural History Survey Section of Jonesboro, AR. 28 April 1989. Geographic information systems and natural Botany and Plant Pathology Technical Series resource issues at the state level. Pages BPP 1989-4. 11 p. + appendices. Grunwald, C„ and L.-S. Huang. The 231-239 in D.B. Botkin, M.E. Caswell, J.E. influence of light on mevalonic acid incorpo¬ Estes, and A. A. Orio, eds. Our role in Taft, J.B. 1989. The uncommon and state- ration into foliar alfalfa sterols. Annual changing the global environment: what we listed plant species and notable habitats along Meeting of the American Society of Plant can do about large scale environmental issues. FA 885 (IL 146) between Hum Wye and Physiologists, Reno, NV. 10-14 July 1988. Academic Press, Inc., NY. Golconda, Hardin and Pope counties. Report (Poster) to the Illinois Department of Transportation, Robertson, K.R., J.R. Rohrer, and J.B. Springfield. Illinois Natural History Survey Huhndorf, S.M., J.L. Crane, and C.A. Phipps. 1988. Variation and evolution of the Section of Botany and Plant Pathology Shearer. A freshwater, wood-inhabiting leaves of Rosaceae subfamily Maloideae. Technical Series BPP 1989-5. 6 p. + Leptosphaeria with ornamented ascospores. American Journal of Botany 75(6, Part 2):201. appendices. Annual Meeting of the Mycological Society (Abstract) of America, Davis, CA. 11-12 August 1988. Taft, J .B. 1989. The vegetation of FAP 742 (Poster) Rohrer, J.R.. K.R. Robertson, and J.B. (IL Route 2) between Dixon and Oregon, Phipps. 1988. Variation and evolution in the Illinois, including Castle Rock State Park, Iverson, L.R. Use of GIS and remote sensing pome fruits of Rosaceae subfamily Maloi¬ with emphasis on the state and federal in large biological data base construction and deae. American Journal of Botany 75(6, Part candidate endangered and threatened species management. Meeting of the Computerized 2):202. (Abstract) and natural areas. Report to the Illinois River Information Center, Champaign, IL. 20 Department of Transportation, Springfield. March 1989. Schoeneweiss, D.F. 1988. Low-temperature Illinois Natural History Survey Section of stress and cankers. American Nurseryman Botany and Plant Pathology Technical Series Iverson, L.R. Soils data as an integral 168(9):60—75. BPP 1989-1. 14 p. + appendices. component of ecological GIS studies. Meeting of the Illinois Map Advisory Committee, Shurtleff, M.C., and E.B. Himelick. 1988. Champaign. 23 June 1989. Armillaria root rot of trees and shrubs. Iverson, L.R., E.A. Cook, R.L. Graham, Illinois Grounds Maintenance School, Appleby, J.E. 1989. Illinois forest insect and 47 J.S. Olson, T.D. Frank, and Y. Ke. Belleville, IL. 14 February 1989. disease surveys. Report for U.S.Department Interpreting forest biome productivity and of Agriculture Forest Service Grant. cover utilizing nested scales of image Neely, D. Pruning cut alternatives. Twin-City resolution and biogeographical analysis. Final Arboriculture Workshop, Urbana, IL. 24 Appleby, J.E., ed. 1989. 1988 Illinois forest report. National Aeronautics and Space Ad¬ February 1989. pest report. U.S. Department of Agriculture ministration Thematic Mapper Working Forest Service. 12 p. Group, University of Maryland, College Park. Neely. D. Trunk wounds, tree injection 21-25 August 1988. wounds, and branch pruning wounds. Appleby, J.E. 1989. Pine wilt continues to kill International Society of Arboriculture, Texas Illinois pines. Illinois Arboriculture 6(1 ):3. Iverson, L.R., R.L. Graham, E.A. Cook, Chapter Meeting, Kerrville. 16 June 1989. J.S. Olson, T.D. Frank, and Y. Ke. Appleby, J.E., F. Miller, and R. Randell. Interpreting forest biome productivity and Robertson, K.R. Leader of prairie field trip. 1988. Insecticide sprays for control of the cover utilizing nested scales of image Second Central Illinois Prairie Conference, northern pine weevil in southern Illinois. resolution and biogeographical analysis. Final Peoria, IL. 24 September 1988. Journal of Arboriculture 14:26-28. Landsat TM Results Workshop, College Park, MD. 21-25 August 1988. Robertson, K.R. Poisonous plants. Urbana Armbrust, E.J., and W.O. Lamp, eds. 1989. Park District, Urbana, IL. 29 September 1988. History and perspectives of potato leaf hopper Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Insects of research (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Illinois. Illinois Native Plant Society, Forest Schoeneweiss, D.F. Disease predisposition Entomological Society of America Miscella¬ Glen Chapter, Forest Glen Preserve, George¬ by environmental stress. Meeting of the neous Publication 72. 66 p. town. 19 July 1988. Illinois Arborist Association, St. Charles. 13 December 1988. Bicki, T.J., and A.S. Felsot. 1988. Influence Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. As it was: the of tillage system and water management Illinois prairie. Second Central Illinois Prairie Taft, J.B. Drought effects on native vegeta¬ practices on leaching of alachlor, cyanazine, Conference, Peoria, IL. 24 September 1988. tion in Illinois. Joint Surveys' Forum on and nitrates on sandy soil. In Proceedings of Effects of Drought, Illinois State Water the National Water Well Association, Dublin, Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Legacy of a Survey, Champaign, IL. 11 August 1988. OH. pest. North Cook Educational Center Regional Workshop, Des Plaines, IL. 29 Taft, J.B. The native vegetation of Illinois— Bicki, T.J., and A.S. Felsot. 1988. Influence November 1988. prairie communities. Social Studies Class, of tillage system and water management University High School, Urbana, IL. 20 practices on leaching of alachlor, cyanazine, Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Some October 1988. and nitrates on sandy soil. In Proceedings of unusual natural areas of Illinois. Morton the Second Agricultural Impacts on Ground- Arboretum Nature Study Group and Camera Taft, J.B. Unique forest communities of water Conference, Des Moines, IA. Club, Lisle, IL. 18 January 1989. Illinois. Department of Forestry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1 December Bouseman, J.K. 1988. Araphe Carolina Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Natural 1988. (Herrick-Schaffer) in Illinois (Hemiptera: history of Illinois. Ambassadors Club, Urbana Largidae). Great Lakes Entomologist 21:117. Economic Entomology Chamber of Commerce, Urbana, IL. 2 February 1989. Bouseman, J K. 1988. Records of blister Publications and Reports beetles of the genus Cyaneolytta (Coleoptera: Jeffords, M.R., K.R. Robertson, and S.L. Appleby, J.E. 1988. Insect tree borer Meloidae) from Zambia. Entomological News Post. Illinois wilds: the tallgrass prairie. Illini protection. Illinois Arboriculture 5(3):3 99:237-238. Union, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. 31 March 1989. Appleby, J.E. 1988. The pine aphid, a pest of Bouseman, J.K., and C.E. Kirkpatrick. white pine. Illinois Aboriculture 5(2):3. 1988. New tick in Illinois. Illinois Natural Neely, D. Closure of pruning wounds with History Survey Reports 277. conventional and 'Shigo' cuts. Annual Appleby, J.E. 1988. Pine needle scale, a pest Meeting of the Fifth International Congress of of ornamental spruce and pine. Illinois Bouseman, J.K., C.E. Kirkpatrick, and Plant Pathology, Kyoto, Japan. 20-27 August Arboriculture 5( 1 ):3. U.D. Kitron. 1989. Ixodes dammini and 1988. Lyme disease in Illinois. Abstracts of the 44th Appleby, J.E., ed. 1988. Thirty-first national Annual Meeting of the North Central Branch Neely. D. Current research on tree diseases. insect photographic salon catalog. Thirty-first of the Entomological Society of America. Meeting of the Midwestern Horticultural National Insect Photographic Salon, Louis¬ (Abstract) Inspectors, Urbana. IL. 2 November 1988. ville, KY. 27 p. Bouseman, J.K., and U.D. Kitron. 1989. Neely, D. Principles and practices for Appleby, J.E. 1989. The European pine shoot Update on the deer tick. Illinois Natural fertilizing trees. Seventh Annual Southern moth summer control. Illinois Arboriculture History Survey Reports 286. 6(3):3. 48 Case, L.J., Wissmann, J.L., and M.R. microbiological degradation. Annual report, Program in Science and Technology Coopera¬ Jeffords. 1988. Legacy of a pest: a science, ENR Contract HWR 88-042, to the llllinois tion, Office of the Science Advisor, Agency technology, and society curriculum guide to Hazardous Waste Research and Information for International Development. understanding and dealing with biological Center. 35 p. problems. Illinois Natural History Survey Irwin, M.E., andG.E. Kampmeier. 1989. Special Publication 9. 243 p. Felsot, A.S, R. Liebl, andT. Bicki. 1988. Vector behavior, environmental stimuli, and Feasibility of land application of soils the dynamics of plant virus epidemics. Pages Dzantor, E.K., and A.S. Felsot. 1988. Soil contaminated with pesticide waste as a 14-39 in M.J. Jeger, ed. Spatial components types differ in their ability to be conditioned remediation practice. Final report. Project of plant disease epidemics. Prentice-Hall, for the degradation of Broot (trimethacarb). HWR 86-023, to the Hazardous Waste Inglewood Cliffs, NJ. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the North Research and Information Center. 55 p. Central Branch of the Entomological Society Irwin, M.E., G.E. Kampmeier, D. Webb, R. of America, Denver, CO. (Abstract 212) Fick, G.W., and D.W. Onstad. 1988. Novak, and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. 1988. Statistical models for predicting alfalfa Illinois progress report to the NCR-148. Eastman, C.E., P.L. Mitchell, and M. herbage quality from morphological and Kogan. 1988. Leo Dale Newsom: a commen¬ weather data. Journal of Production Agricul¬ Irwin, M.E., and J.M. Thresh. 1988. Long- tary and a tribute. Journal of Economic ture 1:160-166. range dispersal of cereal aphids as virus Entomology 81:1251-1257. vectors in North America. Pages 95-120/7? Fielding, D.J., and W.G. Ruesink. 1988. R.M. Anderson and J.M. Thresh, eds. The Eastman, C.E., G.A. Schultz, M R. Prediction of egg and nymphal development epidemiology and ecology of infectious McGuire, S. Post, and J. Fletcher. 1988. times of the squash bug (Hemiptera: Careidae) disease agents. Proceedings of the Royal Characteristics of transmission of a horserad¬ in the field. Journal of Economic Entomology Society, London. ish brittle root isolate of Spiroplasma cirri by 81:1377-1382. the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Irwin, M.E., and M.J. Thresh. 1988. Long- (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Gray, M.E., A.S. Felsot, K.L. Steffey, and range dispersal of cereal aphids as virus Economic Entomology 81:172-177. E. Levine. 1989. The effects of insecticides vectors in North America. Transactions of the on adult emergence from different tillage Royal Society of London B 321:421 -446. Felsot, A.S. 1988. Can we control pesticide systems: are we managing com rootworm runoff? In Proceedings of the Illinois populations? Abstracts of the Annual Meeting Jeffords, M.R. 1988. The gypsy moth Agricultural Pesticides Conference '88, of the North Central Branch of the Entomo¬ research and education program. Final report Cooperative Extension Service, University of logical Society of America. (Abstract) to the Department of Energy and Natural Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Resources, Springfield. Gray, M.E., G. Pepper, and J. Fredericks. Felsot, A. 1988. Cleaning up pesticide waste 1989. The spider mite outbreak of 1988: did Jeffords, M.R. 1988. Progress report for U.S. in soil. Illinois Natural History Survey we learn enough to improve our decision¬ Department of Agriculture competitive grant. Reports 278. making capabilities? Pages 31-40 in Proceed¬ ings of the Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Jeffords, M.R. 1989. The Illinois River: a Felsot, A.S. 1988. Current research on Conference ’89, Cooperative Extension lesson to be learned. Illinois Natural History pesticides and surface water contamination. Service, University of Illinois at Urbana- Survey, Champaign. 19 p. Pages 109-119/7? Proceedings of the 16th Champaign. Annual ENR Conference, Pesticides and Pest Jeffords, M.R., J.V. Maddox. M.L. Management. ILENR/RE-EA-88/04. Gunasinghe, U.B., M.E. Irwin, and G.E. McManus, R.E. Webb, and A. Wieber. Kampmeier. 1988. Soybean leaf pubescence 1988. Egg contamination as a method for the Felsot, A.S. 1989. Enhanced biodegradation affects aphid vector transmission and field inoculative release of exotic microsporidia of of insecticides in soil: implications for spread of soybean mosaic virus. Annals of the gypsy moth. Journal of Invertebrate agroecosystems. Annual Review of Entomol¬ Applied Biology 112:259-272. Pathology 51:190-196. ogy 34:453—476. Helm, C.G. 1989. Ecology of soybean pests. Jeffords, M.R., J.V. Maddox, M.L. Felsot, A.S., and K. Dzantor. 1989. Pages 1472-1478 in Proceedings of the McManus, R.E. Webb, and A. Wieber. Pesticide degradation rates at agrichemical Fourth World Soybean Research Conference, 1988. Evaluation of the overwintering success spill sites. Pages 150-154 in Proceedings of Buenos Aires, Argentina. of two European microsporidia inoculatively the Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference released into gypsy moth populations in '89, Cooperative Extension Service, Univer¬ Irwin, M.E., and R. Gamez. 1988. Report 3: Maryland. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. activities of a grant awarded by the Program in 53:235-240. Science and Technology Cooperation, Office Felsot, A.S., K. Dzantor, and R. Liebl. of the Science Advisor, Agency for Interna¬ Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. The Boston 1988. Assessment of problems associated tional Development. MacExpo, a personal view. Champaign- with landfilling or land application of Urbana Macintosh Users Group Newsletter pesticide waste and feasibility of clean-up by Irwin, M.E., and R. Gamez. 1988. Report: 33. year two activities of a grant awarded by the Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. Customizing Excel Kinney, K., K. Steffey, and D. Dazey, eds. Conference ’88, Fortieth Spray School, spreadsheets. Champaign-Urbana Macintosh 1988. Illinois insecticide evaluations: field Cooperative Extension Service, University of Users Group Newsletter 35. and forage crops. Cooperative Extension Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-

Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. A few last word(s) Champaign, and Illinois Natural History Kuhlman, D.E., and K.L. Steffey. 1989. and what’s Excel anyway. Champaign- Survey, Champaign. 62 p. Insect management: does tillage make a Urbana Macintosh Users Group Newsletter difference? Pages 61-70 in Tillage systems 34. Kinney, K., K. Steffey, and D. Dazey. and the agricultural environment. Proceedings 1989. The Illinois insecticide evaluation of the Illinois Tillage Conference, Coopera¬ Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. Fonts and printing. program: results of field trials with black tive Extension Service, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana Macintosh Users Group cutworms, com rootworms, and European at Urbana-Champaign. Newsletter 30. com borers. Pages 93-101 in Proceedings of

the Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference Kuhlman, D.E., K.L. Steffey, and M. Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. Modeling soybean '89, Cooperative Extension Service, Univer¬ Gray. 1988. 1989 Insect pest management mosaic virus epidemiology. Wheels for the sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. guide: field and forage crops. University of Mind4(3):106-107. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative Kinney, K., K. Steffey, D. Dazey, and M. Extension Service Circular 899. 31 p. Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. Selected ramblings Mainz. 1988. Control of com rootworm

about the new system software version 5.0. larvae with registered and experimental soil Lamp, W.O., M.J. Morris, and E.J. Champaign-Urbana Macintosh Users Group insecticides. In 1988 report of research results, Armbrust. 1989. Empoasca (Homoptera: Newsletter 28. Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research Cicadellidae) abundance and species and Demonstration Center, Cooperative composition in habitats proximate to alfalfa. Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. Successful tab Extension Service, University of Illinois at Environmental Entomology 18(3):711—729. leading in Microsoft Word 3.01 or how to Urbana-Champaign.

design a beautiful form. Champaign-Urbana Levine, E. 1988. Biology and control of Macintosh Users Group Newsletter 29. Kogan, J., M. Kogan, E.F. Brewer, and C. insects in reduced tillage com. Annual report G. Helm. 1988. World bibliography of of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Kampmeier, G.E. 1988. Viruses! or a plague soybean entomology. Agricultural Experi¬ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. on your computer. Champaign-Urbana ment Station, University of Illinois at Urbana-

Macintosh Users Group Newsletter 31. Champaign, Special Publication 73. Vol. I, Levine, E. 1988. Diapause termination and 665 p.; Vol. II, 291 p. postdiapause development in eggs of Kampmeier, G.E. 1989. Comment se Hydraecia immanis Guenee (Lepidoptera: debrouiller (troubleshooting). Champaign- Kogan, M. 1988. Integrated pest management Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology Urbana Macintosh Users Group Newsletter theory and practice. Entomologia Experimen- 17:80-85. 37. talis et Applicata 49:59-70.

Levine, E. 1988. Impact of crop management Kampmeier, G.E. 1989. Modeling soybean Kogan, M. 1989. Plant resistance in soybean practices on European com borer and related mosaic virus epidemiology. University of insect control. Pages 1519-1525 in A.J. stalk boring insects. Report to NC-180 Illinois Instructional Microcomputing Pascale, ed. Actas de la IV Conferencia Regional Research Project. Newsletter 4(1 ):5. Mundial de Investigacion en Soja, Buenos

Aires, Argentina. Levine, E. 1989. Forecasting Hydraecia Kampusta, G., E.E. Armbrust, H. Oloumi- immanis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moth Sadeghi, and S. Roberts. 1988. Influence of Kogan, M., and D.C. Fischer. 1988. phenology based on light trap catches and weed and insect control on insect populations Agricultural implications of inducible phyto¬ degree-day accumulations. Journal of and alfalfa yield and quality. I. Alfalfa and chemicals. Abstracts of the 18th International Economic Entomology 82:433—438. weed yields and alfalfa protein. Progress Congress of Entomology, Vancouver, British report, Plant and Soil Science Department, Columbia, Canada. (Abstract) Levine, E., D. Kuhlman, K. Steffey, and H. Southern Illinois University. Oloumi-Sadeghi. 1988. New developments Kogan, M., and C.G. Helm. 1989. Arthropod regarding extended diapause in northern com Kinney, K., D. Dazey, E. Levine, H. induced stress on soybean: evaluation and rootworms: research and survey results. Pages Oloumi-Sadeghi, and D. Kuhlman. 1988. management. Report to S-219 Southern 148-153 in Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Black cutworm insecticide evaluations. Pages Regional Committee. Conference ’88 Fortieth Spray School 15—20 />? K. Kinney, K. Steffey, and D. Manual. Cooperative Extension Service, Dazey, eds. Illinois insecticide evaluations: Kogan, M., C.G. Helm, and D. Buchori. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. field and forage crops. Cooperative Extension 1988. Bean leaf beetle feeding on pods: Service, University of Illinois at Urbana- effects on soybean yield and seed quality. Levine, E., and R.L. Metcalf. 1988. Sticky Champaign, and Illinois Natural History Pages 162-167 in Summaries of presentations attractant traps for monitoring corn rootwomi Survey, Champaign. of the Illinois Agricultural Pesticides beetles. Illinois Natural History Survey Reports 279. Levine, E., and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. 1988. populations. Pages 455—469 in Lymantriidae: Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., K. Kinney, D. Dazey, Larval damage to corn following soybeans by a comparison of features of new and old world N. Troxclair, and K. Krapf. 1988. Control the western com root worm. Diabrotica tussock moths. U.S. Forest Service General of the alfalfa weevil with Lorsban, Penncap, virgifera virgifera, in east central Illinois. Technical Report NE-123. and an insect growth regulator (UBI-A1335): Abstracts of the North Central Branch of the impact on beneficial arthropods and alfalfa Entomological Society of America. (Abstract) Nixon, P.L. 1988. Pesticide applicator plant parameters. Pages 1-14 in Illinois training study guides and manuals. Coopera¬ insecticide evaluations, field and forage crops. Levine, E., and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. 1989. tive Extension Service, University of Illinois Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. Corn rootworm research. Report to NCR-46 at Urbana-Champaign. 2 p. Regional Committee. Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., K. Kinney, D. Dazey, Nixon, P.L. 1988. Pesticide training and N. Troxclair, and K. Krapf. 1989. Control Levine. E.. H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, D.E. certification clinics, 1989 brochure. Coopera¬ of alfalfa weevil in Illinois, 1988. Insecticide Kuhlman, K.L. Steffey, and K.K. Kinney. tive Extension Service, University of Illinois and Acaricide Tests 14:173-177. 1988. Com rootworm research. Report to at Urbana-Champaign. 2 p. NCR-46 Regional Committee. Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., and E. Levine. 1988. Nixon. P.L. 1989. Control of bagworm on Effect of starvation on the larval survival of Maddox, J.V. 1988. Beauveris bassiana as a American arborvitae. Insecticide and the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica biological control agent of the corn rootworm. Acaricide Tests 14:310. virgifera virgifera, under different tempera¬ Quarterly report to the Department of Energy ture regimes. Abstracts of the North Central and Natural Resources, Springfield. Nixon, P.L. 1989. Pesticide training and Branch of the Entomological Society of certification clinics, 1989. Pages xix-xxii in America. (Abstract) Maddox. J.V. 1989. Insect pathogens as Summaries of presentations of the Illinois biological control agents of insects. Pages Agricultural Pesticides Conference '89, Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., and E. Levine. 1988. 70-77 in the Fifth Annual Crop Protection Cooperative Extension Service, University of Migration and dispersal of insects and other Workshop, Champaign, 1L. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. biotic agents. Report to NCR-148 Regional Committee. Maddox, J.V., and M.R. Jeffords. 1988. Nixon, P.L. 1989. Restricted-use pesticides. The use of microsporidia for population Pages 391-397 in 1989 Illinois pest control Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., and E. Levine. 1989. management of the gypsy moth. Report to the handbook. Cooperative Extension Service, Controlling fungi that colonize eggs of the U.S. Forest Service Gypsy Moth Research University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. western corn rootworm in the laboratory. Program. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Novak, R.J. 1988. Mosquito biology study. 50:271-279. Maddox, J.V., and K.K. Kinney. 1988. Final report to the Department of Energy and Beauveris bassiana as a biological control Natural Resources. Grant I-5-392-85, SENR Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., and E. Levine. 1989. agent of the com rootworm. Final report to the IP-8. Effect of starvation and time of egg hatch on Department of Energy and Natural Resources, larval survival of the western com rootworm, Springfield. IILENR/RE-IP-88/21.32 p. Novak, R.J. 1989. Mosquito biology and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: control. Final report to the Department of Chrysomelidae), in the laboratory. Journal of Maddox, J.V., and K.K. Kinney. 1989. Energy and Natural Resources. Grant 1-5- the Kansas Entomological Society Biological control agent of the corn rootworm. 394-55. 62:108-116. Illinois Natural History Survey Reports 287.

Novak, R.J., G. Kuno, H. Seda, and A. Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., E. Levine, R.L. McGiffen M.E.. Jr., S.G. Carmer, and Oliver. 1988. Isoenzyme characterization of Metcalf, and R. Lampman. 1988. Biologi¬ W.G. Rl esink. 1988. Diagnosis and treatment 7 aedine cell linjes by gradient polyacrylamide cal responses of western com rootworm, of collinearity problems and variable selection gel electrophoresis. American Journal of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte in least-squares models. Journal of Economic Tropical Medical Hygiene. (Abstract 269) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), adults to semio- Entomology 81(5): 1265—1270. chemicals. Page 383 in Proceedings of the Novak, R.J.. B.A. Steinly, and D.W. Webb. 17th International Congress of Entomology. McGiffen, M.E., Jr., H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, 1989. The distribution of Aedes albopictus, and W.G. Ruesink. 1989. An analysis of com the Asian tiger mosquito in Illinois. Proceed¬ Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., L.R. Zavaleta, G. and soybean production/protection systems in ings of the Illinois Mosquito and Vector Kapusta, W.O. Lamp, and E.J. Armbrust. the North Central Region. Workshop on Crop Control Association, 1988. 1989. Effects of potato leafhopper (Homop- Simulation, University of Illinois at Cham- tera: Cicadellidae) damage to alfalfa yield and paign-Urbana. (Abstract) Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., C.G. Helm, M. quality in the presence of weeds. Journal of Kogan, and D.F. Schoeneweiss. 1988. Economic Entomology 82:923-931. McManus, M.L., M.R. Jeffords, J.V. Effect of water stress on abundance of Maddox, and R.E. Webb. 1989. Evaluation twospotted spider mite on soybeans under Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., L.R. Zavaleta, S.J. and selection of candidate European micro¬ greenhouse conditions. Entomologia Roberts, E.J. Armbrust, andG. Kapusta. sporidia for introduction into U.S. gypsy moth Experimentalis et Applicata 48:85-90. 1988. Changes in morphological stages of development, canopy structure, and root Steffey, K.L., and D.E. Kuhlman. 1989. Pages 170-177 in Proceedings of the Illinois nonstructural carbohydrate reserve of alfalfa Insecticide damage. Pages 91-92 in J.B. Agricultural Pesticides Conference '89, following control of potato leafhopper Sinclair and P.A. Backman, eds. Compendium Cooperative Extension Service, University of (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and weed of soybean diseases, 3rd ed. APS Press, St. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. populations. Journal of Economic Entomol¬ Paul, MN. ogy 81:368-375. Weinzierl, R.A., and R.P. Porter. 1989. Steffey, K., D. Kuhlman, K. Kinney, and Results of a two-year, on-farm evaluation of Onstad, D.W. 1988. Population-dynamics M. Gray. 1989. Management of corn protectant insecticides for stored corn. theory: the roles of analytical, simulation, and rootworms: research and recommendations. Proceedings of the North Central Branch of supercomputer models. Ecological Modelling Pages 76-92 in Proceedings of the Illinois the Entomological Society of America. 43:111-124. Agricultural Pesticides Conference ’89, (Abstract) Cooperative Extension Service, University of Onstad, D.W. 1988. Simulation model of the Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Weinzierl, R.A., and D.G. White. 1988. population dynamics of Ostrinia nubilalis Understanding and managing stored grain (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize. Environ¬ Steinly, B.A., and R.J. Novak. 1989. Culex losses caused by fungi and insects. [A fact mental Entomology 17:969-976. restuans and Culexpipiens oviposition sheet in the grain quality series entitled frequency characteristics during a drought Meeting the competition, understanding the Raccah, B., and M.E. Irwin. 1988. Tech¬ year (1988) in east central Illinois. In Proceed¬ issues in grain quality. J College of Agricul¬ niques for studying aphid-borne virus ings of the Illinois Mosquito and Vector ture, University of Illinois at Urbana- epidemics. Pages 209-222 in J. Kranz and J. Control Association, 1988. Champaign. Rotem, eds. Techniques in plant disease

epidemiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Swofford, D.L., M.R. Jeffords, and K.W. Zalavleta, L.R., W.G. Ruesink, H. O'Hayer. 1988. Predicting the susceptibility Oloumi-Sadeghi, and A. Grube. 1988. Randell, R., P. Nixon, and F. Miller, Jr. of Illinois forest stands to defoliation by the Economic analysis of costs and benefits of 1989. 1989 Insect pest management guide: gypsy moth. Illinois Natural History Survey pest control. Report to Environmental home, yard, and garden. University of Illinois Biological Notes 131.4 p. Protection Agency. 107 p. at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative Extension Service Circular 900. 12 p. Webb, D.W., and M.E. Irwin. 1989. The Professional and Community Service genera Ataenogera and Phycus in the New Anderson, D„ L. Bode, R. Ferree, P. Ruesink, W.G., H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, S.M. World (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Nixon, N. Pataky, and R. Wolf. Illinois Arif, D.J. Fielding, M.E. McGiffen, and Proceedings of the Entomological Society of pesticide applicator training: general W.O. Lamp. 1988. Research needs in com Washington 91:35—50. standards videotape, Illinois Department of pest management in the North Central United Agriculture, Springfield. 1988. States. A study conducted for the directors of Wei, L.Y., and A.S. Felsot. 1988. Mass the North Central Experiment Station by the spectrometric identification of methyl- Appleby, J.E. Insects of Illinois trees and NC-166 Technical Committee. 104p. isofenphos. Bulletin of Environmental shrubs. Report to NCR-98 Regional Commit¬ Contamination and Toxicology 40:665-671. tee. 1988. Sanderson, G., P. Tazik, E. Killion, and K.

Steffey. 1989. Suggestions for minimizing Weinzierl, R.A. 1988. 1989 Insect pest Appleby, J.E. Oxydemeton-methyl assess¬ bee, fish, and wildlife losses from pesticides. management guide for stored grain. Univer¬ ment of usage in the Midwest. U.S. Depart¬ Pages 398^1-06 in 1989 Illinois pest control sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ment of Agriculture, National Agricultural handbook. Cooperative Extension Service, Cooperative Extension Service Circular 1242. Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, San University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Antonio, TX, 28-30 June; and St. Louis, MO, Weinzierl, R.A. 1988. 1989 Insect pest 31 August-1 September 1988. Siegel, J.P., J.V. Maddox, and W.G. management guide for livestock and livestock Ruesink. 1988. Seasonal progress of Nosema buildings. University of Illinois at Urbana- Appleby, J.E. Insects of Illinois trees and pyrausta in the European com borer, Ostrinia Champaign, Cooperative Extension Service shrubs. Exhibit. Illinois State Fair, Spring- nubilalis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology Circular 898. field. 11-21 August 1988. 52:130-136.

Weinzierl, R., and K. Steffey. 1989. Insect Appleby, J.E. Research results on studies of Steffey, K.L. 1989. The effect of 1988 management: making decisions for unique insects of trees. NCR-98 Technical Commit¬ drought on insect populations. In Proceedings circumstances. Pages 49-59 in Proceedings of tee, Crossmore, NC. 9 October 1988. of the 1989 Illinois Com Breeders School, the Illinois Agriculture Pesticides Conference Champaign, IL. ’89, Cooperative Extension Service, Univer¬ Appleby, J.E. Insects of ornamental plants in sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Illinois. Sixth Ornamental Workshop on Steffey, K.L. 1989. Insecticide formulations Diseases and Insects, Crossmore. NC. 10-14 and toxicities. Pages 79-88 in 1989 Illinois Weinzierl, R.A., and R.P. Porter. 1989. October 1988. pest control handbook. Cooperative Extension Insects in stored com: updates on insecticide Service, University of Illinois at Urbana- resistance and management alternatives. Champaign. Appleby, J.E. Insects of trees and shrubs. Bouseman, J.K. Organizer, Eighth annual Eastman, C.E., and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. Horticultural Inspection Society, Urbana, IL. field excursion, Champaign-Urbana and Update on insect pests and vectors of brittle 31 October-3 November 1988. Chicago entomologists, Kankakee River State root disease in horseradish during the 1988 Park. 5-7 August 1988. season. Vegetable growers twilight meetings, Appleby, J.E. Director and master of Madison County. July and August 1988 ceremonies. Thirty-first National Insect Bouseman, J.K. Lyme disease and other tick Photographic Salon. National Meeting of the problems in Illinois. Annual Meeting of the Eastman, C.E., and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. Entomological Society of America, Louis¬ Illinois Environmental Health Association, Arthropod fauna of horseradish in East St. ville, KY. 4-8 December 1988. Springfield. 9 November 1988. Louis area of Illinois in the summer of 1988. Southwestern Illinois Vegetable Growers Appleby, J.E. Insects of Illinois trees and Bouseman, J.K. Organizer, informal session. School, Edwardsville, IL. 25-26 January shrubs. Exhibit, Illinois Arborist Association The status of Ixodes dammini and Lyme 1989. Chapter Seminar, St. Charles, IL, 13-14 disease in the Midwest. Annual Meeting of the December 1988; and Mid-America Trade North Central Branch of the Entomological Eastman, C.E., R. Randell, and C.C. Doll. Show, Chicago, IL, 20-22 January 1989. Society of America. March 1989. Horseradish pest and pesticide use survey— spring, 1989. A confidential report to Appleby, J.E. 1988 Forest insect surveys in Bouseman, J.K. Deer tick and Lyme disease participating horseradish growers and Illinois. U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest in Illinois. Ryerson Nature Preserve, Lake extension personnel. 1989. Service Meeting, St. Paul, MN. 1-2 March County. 29 April 1989. 1989. Felsot, A.S. Toxicity of chemicals. National Bouseman, J.K. Board member. Grand Crop Insurance Association of Com/Soybean Appleby, J.E. Insects of Illinois Forests. Prairie Friends of Illinois. 1989. Workshop, Champaign, IL. 13 July 1988. Illinois Department of Conservation Work¬ shops, Benton, IL, 31 May 1989; Champaign, Bouseman, J.K. Consultant, Technical Felsot, A.S. Environmental impacts of IL, 1 June 1989; and Ogleby, IL, 2 June 1989. Advisory Committee, Management of the modem agricultural practices: how to Illinois Natural Preserves Commission. 1989. respond—the university/govemment Armbrust. E.J. Illinois representative. North perspective. Midwest Technology Develop¬ Central Regional Technical Committee NC- Bouseman, J.K. Search committee. College ment Institute, Farmer-Researcher Sustainable 193. 1989. of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Agriculture Workshop, Decatur, IL. 15 July at Urbana-Champaign. 1989. 1988. Armbrust, E.J. Review of seven manu¬ scripts. Entomological Society of America. Bouseman, J.K. Search committee, Coleop- Felsot, A.S. Pesticides in groundwater. 1989. terists Bulletin, Coleopterists Society. 1989. National Association of Conservation Districts, North Central Regional Meeting, Armbrust, E.J., and S.J. Roberts. Feeding Bouseman, J.K. Identified several hundred Peoria, IL. 17-20 July 1988. behavior of potato leafhopper. Report to NC- ticks submitted by physicians, veterinarians, 149 Regional Committee. 1988. county health departments, the Illlinois Felsot, A.S. Pesticide degradation. Fall Department of Public Health, the Illinois Meeting of the Illinois Groundwater Associa¬ Armbrust, E.J., and S.J. Roberts. Homop- Department of Conservation, municipal tion, Naperville, IL. 19 October 1988 terous insect pest research on forage crops. officials, and concerned citizens throughout NC-149 Regional Technical Committee. the State. 1989. Felsot, A.S. Importance of physiochemical 1989. properties of pesticides to understanding Buchori, D., M. Kogan, C. G. Helm, and D. contamination. Water Quality and Manage¬ Armbrust, E.J., and S.J. Roberts. Partici¬ C. Fischer. Bean leaf beetle feeding on ment, 1988 Annual Illinois Extension pants, Summer Work Program for Minority soybean pods: ecological and economic Conference, Champaign-Urbana, IL. 15-16 Sudents, Urbana School District, IL. 1989. components. Annual Meeting of the Entomo¬ November 1988. logical Society of America, Louisville, KY. Armbrust, E.J., and S.J. Roberts. Partici¬ 5-8 December 1988 Felsot, A.S. Development of microbial pants, Graduate Student Research Program, systems to clean up pesticide waste in soils. University of Kentucky, Lexington. 1989. Eastman, C.E. Section C, Editorial Board, Seminar, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. Journal of Economic Entomology. 1989. 16 February 1989. Bicki, T.J., and A.S. Felsot. Leaching of alachlor in a plainfield sand as influenced by Eastman, C.E. Update on 1988 insect Fischer, D.C. Natural and agroecosystems: a tillage and water management practices. problems in Illinois vegetable crops. Annual marriage of ecology and economic entomol¬ Forty-third Annual Meeting of the Soil and Meeting of the Southwestern Illinois Vege¬ ogy. Annual Meeting of the North Central Water Conservation Society, Columbus, OH. table Growers Association, Edwardsville, IL. Branch of the Entomological Society of 31 July-3 August 1988. 1989. America, Denver, CO. 1988. Fischer, D.C., and M. Kogan. Mechanisms Irwin, M.E. Long-range dispersal of virus Jeffords, M.R. Organizer, Curriculum of chemical resistance in soybean to phytoph¬ vectors. Discussion meeting. Epidemiology Development Groups, Unit 4 Elementary agous insects. Annual Meeting of the and Ecology of Infectious Disease Agents, Schools, Champaign, IL. 1 June 1989. Entomological Society of America, Louis¬ The Royal Society of London. 16-20 ville, KY. 5-8 December 1988. February 1988. Jeffords, M.R. Illinois Wilds. FIELD- science Teacher Workshop, Eastern Illinois Godfrey, G., D. Fischer, and M.E. Jeffords, M.R. The insects of Illinois. Illinois University, Charleston. 14 June 1989. McGiffen, Jr. Consultants on butterflies and Native Plant Society, Forest Glen Chapter, moths. Science Curriculum Committee, Unit 4 Forest Glen, IL. 19 July 1988. Jeffords, M.R., and J.V. Maddox. Inocula¬ Elementary Schools, Champaign, IL. 1989. tive release of European microsporidia in Jeffords, M.R. Illinois wilds: the prairie. The gypsy moth populations. Seminar, Depart¬ Gorden, R.W. Bacterial contributions to Sierra Club, Champaign, IL. 20 September ment of Entomology, University of Maryland, aquaculture. Illinois Aquaculture Industry 1988. Beltsville. May 1988. Association, Decatur, IL. 1989.

Jeffords, M.R. As it was: the Illinois prairie. Jeffords, M.R., and J.V. Maddox. Gorden, R.W., and M.S. Henebry. Bacterial Second Central Illinois Prairie Conference, Evaluation of the overwintering success of populations of the Mississippi River. Peoria, IL. 24 September 1988. two European microsporidia inoculatively American Society of Limnology and released into gypsy moth populations in Oceanography, San Francisco, CA. 1988. Jeffords, M.R. Legacy of a pest. Display, Maryland. Society of Invertebrate Pathology, Illinois Science Teachers Convention, San Diego, CA. 14-18 August 1988. (Poster) Gray, M.E. Trouble shooting for com insects: Napeiville, IL. 30 September 1988. a session on identification, insect injury, and Jeffords, M.R., and J.V. Maddox. economic thresholds. Annual Growmark Jeffords, M.R. The gypsy moth in the Biological control. Legislative Research and Farm Service Scout School, Champaign, IL. Midwest. Horticultural Inspection Society, Aide Group, Champaign, IL. 5 January 1989. 14—15 February 1989. Champaign, IL. 2 November 1988. Jeffords, M.R., and K. McGiffen. Insect Gray, M.E. European com borer manage¬ Jeffords, M.R. Tour of facilities and collection and identification. Regional ment utilizing spread sheets. Fifth Annual research. Biology classes. Parkland College, Agronomy Workshop, Champaign, IL. 2 Crop Protection Workshop, University of Champaign, IL. 1 December 1988. April 1989. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 7-9 March

1989. Jeffords, M.R. Animal behavior. Lecture, Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Legacy of a Zoology class, University of Illinois at pest. Workshops for North Cook Regional Gray, M.E. Integrated pest management. Urbana-Champaign. 5 December 1988. Education Center, Desplaines, IL. 29 Field Crop Pest Management Short Course, November 1988. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Jeffords, M.R. Illinois wilds. Urbana 20-22 March 1989. Exchange Club, Urbana, IL. 1 January 1989. Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Some unusual natural areas of Illinois. Morton Helm, C.G., M. Kogan, and T.S. Chu. Jeffords, M.R. Biological control. Board Arboretum Camera Club, Lisle, IL. 18 Screening of soybean breeding lines for Meeting, Society for the Illinois Scientific January 1989. resistance to the Mexican bean beetle. Annual Surveys, Chicago, IL. 25 January 1989. Meeting of the Entomological Society of Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Natural America, Louisville, KY. 5-8 December Jeffords, M.R. Some unusual natural areas of history of Illinois. Ambassadors Club, Urbana 1988. Illinois. International Rights-of-way Confer¬ Chamber of Commerce, Urbana, IL. 2 ence, Springfield, IL. 16 February 1989; and February 1989. Henn, T., M. Kogan, and D.C. Fischer. East Central Chapter of the Illinois Native Analysis of bean leaf beetle feeding behavior Plant Society, Urbana, IL, 22 February 1989. Jeffords, M.R., and S.L. Post. Illinois in dual-choice preference tests of three Wildflowers. Prairie Cycle Club Field Trip. legumes. Annual Meeting of the Entomologi¬ Jeffords, M.R. Proposal, Arboretum Com¬ Piatt County, IL. 29 April 1989. cal Society of America, Louisville, KY. 5-8 mittee. Deans and Department Heads, December 1988. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Jeffords, M.R., K. Robertson, and S.L. 25 April 1989. Post. Illinois wilds: the tallgrass prairie. Illini Iannone, N„ M. Kogan, C.G. Helm, and Union, University of Illinois at Urbana- D.C. Fischer. Induced resistance in soybean Jeffords, M.R. Insects. Keller Elementary Champaign. 31 March 1989 by previous herbivory: evidence in the field School, Peoria, IL. 16 May 1989. and yield effects. Annual Meeting of the Ento¬ Jeffords, M.R., and M. Sinclair. Legacy of mological Society of America, Louisville, Jeffords, M.R. Display, Illinois Natural a pest. Workshop, Rantoul Regional Educa¬ KY. 5-8 December 1988. History Survey Collections. Boy Scout tion Center, Champaign. IL. 12 April 1989. Camporee, Clinton Lake, IL. 20 May 1989. Kampmeier, G.E. Secretary/treasurer, NCR- Kogan, M. Series of eight lectures on Levine, E. Illinois representative, NCR-46 148 Regional Committee. 1989. fundamentals of Integrated Pest Management. Regional Research Technical Committee Nordic Course for Researchers in Applied [com soil insects], 1988-1989. Kinney, K. Applications of Beauveria Entomology-Integrated Pest Management, bassiana for com rootworm control. Special Lammi Biological Station, Finland. 1988. Levine, E. Illinois representative, NC-180 instruction session. Fourteenth Annual Crop Regional Research Technical Committee Protection Workshop, Cooperative Extension Kogan, M. Contemporary adaptations of [corn stalk boring insects], 1988-1989. Service, University of Illinois at Urbana- herbivores to soybean in the Neartic and Champaign. 1988. Neotropic regions. Annual Meeting of the Levine, E. Member, Research Farm Needs Entomological Society of America, Louis¬ Committee, College of Agriculture, Univer¬ Kinney, K. Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana ville, KY. 4-8 December 1988. sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. for control of com rootworm larvae. Seminar, 1988-1989. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. Kogan, M. Advisor: two students who 1988. completed doctoral degrees in entomology, Levine, E. Program chairman. Section F, three who completed master degrees in ento¬ North Central Branch of the Entomological Kinney, K. Illinois insecticide evaluation mology, and one who completed a master Society of America. 1988-1989. program: summary of 1988 field trials for degree in biology. 1988-1989. pests of alfalfa, corn, and soybeans. Eighth Levine, E., H. Oloumi-Sadeghi, and M. Annual Meeting of Professional Crop Kogan, M. Controle integrado de insetos Jeffords. Confirmation of a 3-year diapause Consultants of Illinois, Champaign. 5-6 pragas. 2nd Simposio Intemacional de Manejo in some Illinois northern corn rootworm eggs. January 1989. Integrado de Pragas, Doemjas e Plantas Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society Daninhas, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil. of America, Louisville, KY. 4-8 December Kinney, K.K. Special modifications to 1989. 1988. (Poster) insecticide evaluation program field equip¬ ment: opportunities for use in field research. Kogan, M. Interaqao inseto/planta [in Lin, H., D.C. Fischer, and M. Kogan. Seminar, Illinois Natural History Survey, Portuguese]. Twelfth Congress of the Induced resistance in soybean by previous Champaign. 1989. Brazilian Entomological Society, Belo herbivory: evidence in the laboratory and Horizonte, M.G., Brazil. 22-27 January 1989. possible chemical factors. Annual Meeting of Kinney, K.K.. J.V. Maddox, and S.T. the Entomological Society of America, Jarowski. Evaluation of soil application Kogan, M. Uma aprecia?ao critica da Louisville, KY. 5-8 December 1988. methods of Beauveria bassiana for corn situa^ao atual. In Symposium-Enfoques no rootworm control. Annual Meeting of the Manejo Integrado de Pragas. Twelfth Maddox, J.V. Biology of the microsporidia. Entomological Society of America. Louis¬ Congress of the Brazilian Entomological Current and future trends in the biological ville, KY. 4-8 December 1988. Society, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil. 22-27 control of insects, a symposium to honor January 1989. Professor H.C. Coppel, Madison, WI. 27-29 Kitron, U., J.K. Bouseman, and C.E. September 1988. Kirkpatrick. Lyme disease in Illinois: Kogan, M. Soybean resistance to insect pests. present and future. Annual Meeting of the Seminar, National Soybean Research Center, Maddox, J.V. Microsporidia as biological Illinois Mosquito Control Association, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. 2 March 1989. control agents of insects. Current and future Chicago. 3-4 November 1988. trends in the biological control of insects, a Kogan, M. Principles of Integrated Pest Man¬ symposium to honor Professor H.C. Coppel, Kogan, J., M. Kogan, E.F. Brewer, and agement. Seminar, Citrus Experiment Station, Madison, WI. 27-29 September 1988. C.G. Helm. World bibliography of soybean Cordeiropolis, S. Paulo. Brazil. 22 March entomology: pest impact and research 1989. Maddox, J.V. Influence of the soil environ¬ investment. Annual Meeting of the Entomo¬ ment on insect and plant pathogens. UCLA logical Society of America, Louisville, KY. Kogan, M. Soybean resistance to insect pests: Symposium: New Directions in Biological 4-8 December 1988. (Poster) mechanisms of resistance. Seminar, Depart¬ Control, Frisco, CO. 1988. ment of Entomology, Center for Integrated Kogan, J., M. Kogan, E.F. Brewer, and C. Pest Management, University of Jaboticabal, Maddox, J.V. Use of insect pathogens and G. Helm. World bibliography of soybean S. Paulo, Brazil. 23 March 1989. biological control agents. Regional Technical entomology: a bibliometric analysis. Fourth Committee S-135. 1988. World Soybean Research Conference, Buenos Kogan, M. IPM of soybeans: an international Aires, Argentina. 5-9 March 1989. (Poster) perspective and evolutionary ecology of Maddox, J.V. Fungi in biological control. legume crop/herbivore interactions. Distin¬ UCLA Symposium: New Directions in Kogan, M. Member of USDA/CSRS review guished Lecture Series, Department of Biological Control, Frisco, CO. 20-27 team of the University of California, Berkely Entomology, Texas A&M University. 24-25 January 1989. Campus, Department of Entomological April 1989. Sciences and Division of Biological Control. Maddox, J.V. Convener, Fungi in biological 1988. control, and convener. Obligate pathogens of insects. UCLA Symposium: New Directions on honeysuckle. Seminar, Department of Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society 55 in Biological Control, Frisco, CO. 20-27 Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana- of America, Louisville, KY. 4-8 December January 1989. Champaign. 20 February 1989. 1988.

Maddox, J. V. Discussant, Influence of the Nixon, P.L. Scouting for vegetable insects. Onstad, D.W., D.J. Cox, E.A. Kornkven, soil environment on insect and plant patho¬ Crop Protection Workshop, Cooperative and R.L. Idaszak. Analysis of population gens. UCLA Symposium: New Directions in Extension Service, University of Illinois at dynamics with a seven-dimensional graphics Biological Control, Frisco, CO. 20-27 Urbana-Champaign. 8 March 1989. program. Annual Meeting of the Ecological January 1989. Society of America, Davis, CA. August 1988. Nixon, P.L. Household, ornamentals, and turf Maddox, J.V., and M.R. Jeffords. Micro- insect biology and control. Training, Macon Onstad, D.W., and J.V. Maddox. Epizooti- sporidia as biocontrol agents of the gypsy County Master Gardener, Decatur, IL, 21 ological model of Ostrinia nubilalis and moth. U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest March 1989: and Sangamon County Master Nosema pyrausta. Annual Meeting of the Service Annual Meeting, Morgantown, WV. Gardener, Springfield, IL, 21 March 1989. Society of Invertebrate Pathology, San Diego, 16 November 1988. CA. August 1988. Nixon, P.L. Organized and taught at pesticide Maddox, J.V., and M.R. Jeffords. The use applicator training clinics, general standards Onstad, D.W., and E.A. Kornkven. of exotic microsporidia as biological control clinics, turf and ornamental clinics, field crop Temporal and spatial dynamics of an agents of the gypsy moth. Annual Meeting of clinics, a rights-of-way clinic, and demonstra¬ epidemic. Meeting of the American Society of the Gypsy Moth Research and Development tion and research clinics at various locations Agricultural Entomology, Chicago, IL. Program, Morgantown, WV. 15-18 Novem¬ around the State. 1989. December 1988. ber 1988. Nixon, P.L., and R.A. Weinzierl. House¬ Onstad, D.W., and J.V. Maddox. Model of Maddox, J.V., M.R. Jeffords, R.E. Webb, hold insect biology and control. Extension the population dynamics of Ostrinia nubilalis and M.R. McManus. The introduction of Adviser In-service Workshop, St. Charles, IL, and Nosema pyrausta. Annual workshop on European gypsy moth microsporidia into 12 July 1988; and Bloomington, IL, 13 July crop simulations, Champaign-Urbana, IL. North American gypsy moth populations: 1988. March 1989. dissemination of infected larvae and persis¬ tence over the winter. Eastern Branch Meeting Novak, R.J. The invasion of Aedes albopictus Onstad, D.W., and J.V. Maddox. Model of of the Entomological Society of America, into Illinois. Chicago State University. 20 the population dynamics of Ostrinia nubilalis Syracuse, NY. 2-5 October 1988. April 1989. and Nosema pyrausta. Annual Meeting of the North Central Branch of the Entomological Maddox, J. V., M.L. McManus, M.R. Novak, R.J. The distribution of the Asian Society of America, Indianapolis, IN. March Jeffords, and R.E. Webb. Evaluation and tiger mosquito in Illinois. Annual Meeting of 1989. selection of candidate European microsporidia the Illinois Mosquito and Vector Control for introduction into U.S. gypsy moth Association, Chicago. 1989. Randell, R., and P. Nixon. Insect pests of populations. Conference, Biology of New and turf. University of Illinois Turf Field Day, Old World Lymantriidae, New Haven, CT. Novak, R.J. Member, Governor’s committee Urbana IL. 21 July 1988. 26-30 June 1989. to develop and write waste tire legislation. 1988-1989. Randell, R., and P.L. Nixon. Horticultural McGiffen, M.E., Jr. Regression diagnostics. insect damage and control. Horticultural SAS user’s group meeting, Urbana, IL. 23 Novak, R.J. Expert witness and consultant to Update Telenet Sessions for Extension October 1988. control the spread of the Asian tiger and other Advisers, Urbana, IL. 1988-1989. Illinois mosquitoes. Illinois Pollution Control Nixon, P.L. Poisonous spiders of Illinois. Board. 1989. Randell, R., and P.L. Nixon. Vegetable Employees of Poison Control Center, insect biology and control. Extension Adviser Springfield, IL. 17 August 1988. Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., andC.E. Eastman. In-service Workshop, St. Charles, IL, 18 April Status of diamondback moth, Plutella 1989; and Havana, IL. 19 April 1989. Nixon, P.L. Bedding plant insects and their xylostella, as a pest of horseradish in Illinois. control. Seminar, Bi-State Greenhouse, Southwestern Illinois Vegetable Growers Roberts, S.J. Judge, Science Fair, Cham¬ Davenport, I A. 5 October 1988. School, Edwardsville, IL. 25-26 January paign Unit Four School District, IL. 1989. 1989. Nixon, P.L. Use of pheromone traps in fruit Roberts, S.J. Participant, Agricultural insect control. Convention, Illinois Fruit and Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., E. Levine, R.L. Research Field Day, Dixon Springs, IL. 1989. Vegetable Growers, Springfield, IL. 17 Metcalf, and R.L. Lampman. Mark- January 1989. recapture studies on western com rootworms Roberts, S.J. University of Illinois South with traps baited with semiochemicals. Farms Agronomy Field Day 1989. (Poster) Nixon, P.L. Biology and control of Hyadaphis tataricae (Homoptera: Aphididae) Roberts, S.J. Report to NC-193 Technical Steffey, K.L., and R.A. Weinzierl. Weinzierl, R.A. Insect management to Committee, Indianapolis, IN. 1989. Organizers and moderators. Symposium, De¬ preserve grain quality. Fie!d-to-Market velopment and Implementation of Decision¬ Seminars in Crawford, Johnson, Massac, Ruesink. W.G. 1988. What do we mean by a making Strategies for Pest Management, Perry, Ford, and Rock Island counties; 10, 11, good sampling program? National Meeting of Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society and 24 January, 23 February, and I March the Entomological Society of America, of America, Louisville, KY. 4-8 December 1989. Louisville, KY. 4-8 December 1988. 1988. Weinzierl, R.A. 1989. Stored-grain SCHROEDER, A., M. KOGAN, AND D.C. Webb, R.E., M.L. McManus, J.V. Maddox, entomology. Growmark Pest Management Fischer. Soybean looper developmental and and M.R. Jeffords. The introduction of Scouting School, Champaign, IL. 14 February nutritional responses to callus cultures derived European microsporidia into North American 1989. from differentially resistant soybean lines. gypsy moth populations in Maryland. Annual Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society Meeting of the Eastern Branch of the Weinzierl, R.A. Stored-grain insect of America, Louisville, KY. 5-8 December Entomological Society of America, Syracuse, management. Crop Protection Workshop, 1988. NY. 15 September 1988. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 7 March 1989. Steffey. K.L. Business meeting and Weinzierl, R.A. 1988. Household insects. In- roundtable discussion, ICI Americas, Inc. and service Training for County Advisers, Weinzierl, R.A. Insecticide resistance. Crop the University of Illinois. Indianapolis, IN. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Protection Workshop, Cooperative Extension 6-7 October 1988. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 12-13 July Service, University of Illinois at Urbana- 1988. Champaign. 8 March 1989. Steffey, K.L. Status of European com borer >nd com rootworms in the Midwest. Seminar. Weinzierl. R.A. External parasite control for Weinzierl, R.A., and R.P. Porter. Results Crop Genetics International. Hanover, MD. beef cattle. Beef cattle production seminars in of a two-year, on-farm evaluation of protec¬ 28 October 1988. Pike, Marshall-Putnam, Perry, Union, Henry, tant insecticides for stored com. North Central and Winnebago counties; 31 August and 7,9, Branch Meeting of the Entomological Society Steffey, K.L. Dyfonate II 20G and Force 10, 16, and 17 September 1988. of America, Indianapolis, IN. 14 March 1989. 1,5G: advantages and disadvantages of soil insecticides. Seminar, ICI Americas, Inc., San Weinzierl, R.A. Persistence of horn fly Weinzierl, R.A. Grain facility pesticide Francisco, CA. 5 November 1988. resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Illinois applicator. Pesticide Applicator Training, Summary to NCR-99 Research Committee, license category. 3-6 April 1989. Steffey. K.L. Management of corn root- Indianapolis, IN. 2 November 1988. worms: research and recommendations. Weinzierl, R.A. Carbofuran assessment team Annual Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Weinzierl, R.A. Hairy fungus beetle survival meetings, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Conference, Urbana, IL. 4 January 1989. in Actellic-treated corn: tolerance or resis¬ National Pesticide Impact Assessment tance? National Meeting of the Entomological Program, Las Vegas, NV, 11-13 April; and Steffey, K.L. The effect of the 1988 drought Society of America, Louisville, KY. 6 Decem¬ Reno, NV, 29 November-1 December 1989. on insect populations. 1989 Illinois Com ber 1988. Breeders School, Champaign, IL. 6-7 March Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification 1989. Weinzierl, R.A. Implementing improve¬ ments in pest management decision-making Publications and Reports Steffey. K.L. Advanced com rootworm practices. National Meeting of the Entomo¬ Berlocher, J.M., and M.J. Wetzel. 1988. management. Specialized session, 15th logical Society of America, Louisville, KY. 7 Survey of Rock River mussels (Mollusca: Annual Illinois Crop Protection Workshop, December 1988. Unionidae) in the vicinity of Castle Rock State Champaign, IL. 8 March 1989. Park, Ogle County, Illinois: Illinois Route 2 - Weinzierl, R.A. Managing insects in stored FAP 742 and Ridge Road-Pines Road Steffey, K.L. Fundamentals of com grain. Technical Seminar, Fumigants and alternate. IDOT Job P92-008-83. Final report rootworm management. Specialized session, Pheromones. Indianapolis, IN. 9 December prepared for the Illinois Department of 15th Annual Illinois Crop Protection 1988. Transportation, Bureau of Location and Workshop, Champaign, IL. 9 March 1989. Environment, Springfield. Section of Weinzierl, R.A. Insect management: making Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification Steffey, K.L. Field and forage crop insects: decisions in unique circumstances. Illinois Technical Report 1988 (5): iv + 21 p. identification, diagnosis, and management. Agricultural Pesticides Conference, Urbana. Seminar, ICI Americas, Inc., Champaign, IL. 4 January 1989. Berlocher, J.M., P.A. Ceas, and M.J. 23 May 1989. Wetzel. 1989. Survey of fishes and unionid Weinzierl, R.A. Insects in stored com: mussels in the vicinity of the Interstate 74 Steffey, K.L. Problem diagnoses—insects. updates on insecticide resistance and (FAI-74) bridges crossing the Rock River in Crop Production Workshop, Sandoz Crop management alternatives. Illinois Agricultural Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois. IDOT Protection Corporation, Urbana, IL. 6-7 June Pesticides Conference, Urbana. 5 January Section Numbers 81-1-1,81-1-2, 81-1,81-2- 1989. 1989. 2, 81-2; RS & 81-2BR; Job P92-015-88. Final Dennis, A., D.M. Ketzner, L.R. Phillippe, Section of Faunistic Surveys and Insect report prepared for the Illinois Department of K.R. Robertson, M.K. Solecki, J.B. Taft, Identification Technical Report 1989(2): iv + Transportation, Bureau of Location and and E.F. Ulaszek. 1989. Results of an 14 p. Environment, Springfield. Illinois Natural investigation of endangered plants with few or History Survey Section of Faunistic Surveys unknown extant populations and recommen¬ Godfrey, G.L. 1988. Foreword to the English and Insect Identification Technical Report dations for changes in their listing status. language edition. Pages v-vi in O.I. Mershee- 1989(4): iii + 26 p. Report to the Illinois Endangered Species vakaya and G.L. Godfrey, scientific ed. Protection Board, Springfield. 70 p. Larvae of owlet moths (Noctuidae)—biology, Berlocher, J.M., P.A. Ceas, and M.J. morphology, and classification. Translated Wetzel. 1989. Survey of fishes and unionid Dorkin, J., P.E. Ross, M.S. Henebry, J. from the Russian by P.M. Rao. Smithsonian mussels in the vicinity of the Interstate 80 Miller, and M.J. Wetzel. 1988. Biological Institution Libraries and National Science (FAI-80) bridges crossing Mineral Creek and and toxicological investigations of Chicago Foundation, Washington, DC. xx + 419 p. the Rock River in Henry and Rock Island area navigation projects. Illinois Natural counties. Illinois. IDOT Section Number 37- History Survey contract report prepared for Heydon, S.L., and E.E. Grissell. 1988. A 1 RS-1; Job P-92-018-86. Final report the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago review of Nearctic Merismus Walker and prepared for the Illinois Department of District, vii + 140 p. Toxeuma Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcicoi- Transportation, Bureau of Location and dea: Pteromalidae). Proceedings of the Environment, Springfield. Illinois Natural DuBois, M.B., and W.E. LaBerge. 1988. Entomological Society of Washington History Survey Section of Faunistic Surveys Annotated list of ants in Illinois (Hymenop- 90:310-322. and Insect Identification Technical Report tera: Formicidae). Pages 133-156 in J.C. 1989 (3): iii + 29 p. Trager, ed. Advances in myrmecology. E.J. Heydon, S.L., and W.E. LaBerge. 1988. A Brill Publishing Co., Gainesville, FL. review of North American species of Bowles, M.L., A. Dennis, D.M. Ketzner. Sphegigaster north of Mexico and the biology L.R. Phillippe, K.R. Robertson, M.K. Dutcher, J.D., K.C. McGiffen, and J.N. of their hosts (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Solecki, J.B. Taft, and E.F. Ulaszek. 1989. All. 1988. Entomology and horticulture of Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society Results of an investigation of endangered muscadine grapes. Pages 73-90 in M.K. 61:258-277. plants with few or unknown extant popula¬ Harris and C.E. Rogers, eds. Westview studies tions and recommendations for changes in in insect biology: the entomology of indige¬ Hofmann, J.E., and L.L. Getz. 1988. their listing status. Report to the Illinois nous and naturalized systems in agriculture. Multiple exposures to adult males and Endangered Species Protection Board, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. reproductive activation of virgin female Springfield. 22 p. Microtus ochrogaster. Behavioural Processes Gardner, J.E. 1989. The bats of Illinois. 17:57-61. Brigham, A.R., and J.D. Unzicker. 1988. Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin Southwestern caddisflies collection donated to 60:6-15. Hofmann, J.E., B. McGuire, and T.M. the Survey. Illinois Natural History Survey Pizzuto. 1989. Parental care in the sagebrush Reports 280. Gardner, J.E., and J.E. Hofmann. 1989. A vole (Lemmiscus curtatus). Journal of biological assessment for Myotis sodalis Mammalogy 70:162-165. Burr, B.M., M.L. Warren, Jr., and K.S. (Indiana bat) within the FAP431 proposed Cummings. 1988. New distributional records alignment and alternative alignment (FAI -55 Johnston, C.E. 1989. The spawning activities of Illinois fishes with additions to the known to FAI -80), Cook, DuPage, and Will counties, of Notropis chlorocephalus, Notropis fauna. Transactions of the Illinois State Illinois. Illinois Department of Transportation, chiliticus and Hybopsis hypsinotus, three nest Academy of Science 81:163-170. Springfield. 20 p. associates of Nocomis leptocephalus in the southeastern United States. The Association Cashatt, E.D., and G.L. Godfrey. 1989. Gardner, J.E., and J.E. Hofmann. 1989. of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 36:67. Database of Illinois Lepidoptera. Illinois 1988 investigations of Myotis sodalis (Indiana

Natural History Survey and Illinois State bat) distribution, abundance, habitat use, and Joselyn, M.G. 1988. Illinois Geographic Museum progress report to the Nongame status in Illinois. Progress report to U.S. Fish Information System. Illinois Natural History Wildlife Program, Illinois Department of and Wildlife Service, Washington DC, and the Survey Reports 281 and 282. Conservation, Springfield. 8 p. Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield. 14 p. Keevin, T.M., L.M. Page, and C.E. Cummings, K.S., C.A. Mayer, and L.M. Johnston. 1989. The spawning behavior of Page. 1989. Survey of the freshwater mussels Gardner, J.E., J.E. Hofmann, and J.D. the saffron darter {Etheostomaflavum). (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Little Wabash Garner, 1989. Investigations of Myotis Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of River drainage, Illinois. Report prepared for sodalis (Indiana bat) distribution, abundance, Science 50:55-58. the Illinois Department of Conservation, habitat use, and status in Illinois. Progress

Division of Natural Heritage, Springfield. report prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ketzner, D.M., L.R. Iverson, and E.F. Section of Faunistic Surveys and Insect Service, Washington, DC, and the Illinois Ulaszek. 1988. The status of Silene regia in Identification Technical Report 1989( 1 ):iv + Department of Transportation, Springfield. Illinois. Quarterly report (31 August-15 70 p. October 1988) to the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board, Springfield. 3 p. Ketzner, D.M., E.F. Ulaszek, and L.R. Page, L.M., and T.P. Simon. 1988. Observa¬ Brigham, W.U. Geographic information Iverson. 1989. The status and ecology of tions on the reproductive behavior and eggs of system. Invited speaker, National Governors Silene regia Sims, the royal catchfly, in four species of darters, with comments on Conference in Washington, DC. 13-14 Illinois. Report to the Illinois Endangered Etheostoma tippecanoe and E. camurum. December 1988. Species Protection Board. Springfield. 70 p. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 81:205-210. Brigham, W.U. Invited panel member, 1988 LaBerge, W.E. 1988. Lewis J. Stannard URISA Conference. Los Angeles, CA. 9-11 1918-1988. Bulletin of the Entomological Passoa, S.C. 1988. Systematic positions of August 1988. Society of America 34:215. Acentria ephemerella (Denis & Schiffer- muller), Nyphulinae, and Schoenobiinae Brigham, W.U. 1988. Invited seminar LaBerge, W.E. 1989. A revision of the bees based on morphology of immature stages speaker. University of Kansas, Lawrence. of the genus Andrena of the Western (Pyralidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ 19-20 October 1988. Hemisphere. Part XIII. SubgeneraSiman- Society 42:247-262. drena and Taeniandrena. Transactions of the Cook, E.A., J.E. Gardner, J.D. Garner, American Entomological Society 115:1-56. Pryer. K.M., and L.R. Phillippe. 1989. A and J.E. Hofmann. Analyzing home range synopsis of the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) in and habitat selection of the Indiana bat using Lamp, W.O.. M.J. Morris, and E.J. eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany radiotelemetry and GIS techniques. Ecologi¬ Armbrust. 1989. Empoasca (Homoptera: 67:694-707. cal Society of America, Davis, CA. 15 August Cicadellidae) abundance and species 1988. composition in habitats proximate to alfalfa. Webb, D.W. 1988. Diptera-Chironomidae. Environmental Entomology 18:423-428. Pages 51 -54 in D.W. Webb, ed. Current and Cook, E.A., J.E. Gardner, J.D. Garner, selected bibliographies on benthic biology, and J.E. Hofmann. Radiotelemetry and GIS Malmborg, P.L., and M.F. Willson. 1988. 1987. North American Benthological Society, analysis of Indiana bat habitat. Third Biennial Foraging ecology of avian frugivores and Springfield, IL. National Workshop on Micro-computer some consequences for seed dispersal in an Applications in Fish and Wildlife Programs, Illinois woodlot. Condor 90:173-186. Webb, D.W., and M.E. Irwin. 1989. The Stateline, NV. 28 September 1988. genera Ataenogera and Phycus in the New Malmborg, P.L., and G.C. Vanderah. World (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Cummings, K.S., andC.A. Mayer. The 1988. A limited survey of avifauna and Proceedings of the Entomological Society of freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: endangered and threatened species conducted Washington 91:35—50. Unionidae) of the Wabash and Tippecanoe at the FAP 420 project area, McHenry County, rivers, Indiana. Meeting of the Indiana Illinois. Illinois Department of Transportation, Wetzel, M.J. 1988. Annelida (Aphanoneura, Chapter of the North Central Division, Springfield. 8 p. Archiannelida, Branchiobdellida, Oligocha- American Fisheries Society, Fort Wayne, IN. eta, and Pogonophora). Pages 4—11 in D.W. 13-15 March 1989. Malmborg, P.L., and G.C. Vanderah. Webb, ed. Current and selected bibliographies 1989. An assessment of avian populations on benthic biology, 1987. North American Gardner, J.E. Caves and bats of Illinois. within the FAP 431 project area. Cook, Benthological Society, Springfield, IL. Native Plant Society Meeting, Champaign, IL. DuPage, and Will counties, Illinois. Illinois 26 October 1988. Department of Transportation. Springfield, iv Wetzel, M.J. 1989. Aquatic macroinverte¬ + 57 p. brates from Indiana Harbor and Canal and Gardner, J.E. The bats of Illinois. Forest adjacent Lake Michigan. Pages 47-67 in J.B. Glen Nature Preserve. 10 March 1989. Malmborg, P.L.,andG.C. Vanderah. Risatti and P. Ross, eds. Chemical, biological 1989. A survey of avian populations at Lake and toxicological study of sediments from Gardner, J.E. Foraging range and roost Renwick, Will County, Illinois (15 April Indiana Harbor and Canal and adjacent Lake selection of the endangered Indiana bat. Board through 12 December, 1987). Illinois Michigan. Illinois Natural History Survey Meeting of the Society for the Illinois Department of Transportation. Springfield, iv contract report prepared for the U.S. Army Scientific Surveys, Springfield. 19 May 1989 + 67 p. Corps of Engineers, Chicago District. Gardner, J.E., E.A. Cook, J.D. Garner, Mersheevakaya. O.I.. and G.L. Godfrey, Professional and Community Service and J.E. Hofmann. Habitat use and foraging scientific ED. 1988. Larvae of owlet moths Bart, H.L., Jr., and L.M. Page. The ranges of Myolis sodalis maternity colonies in (Noctuidae)—biology, morphology, and evolution of reproductive behaviors in North Illinois determined by radiotelemetry and classification. Translated from Russian by American percid fishes. Sixty-ninth Annual computer analysis. Annual Meeting of the P.M. Rao. Smithsonian Institution Libraries Meeting of the American Society of Ichthy¬ Southeast Association of Naturalists , and National Science Foundation. Washing¬ ologists and Herpetologists, San Francisco, Jonesboro, AR. 28 April 1989. ton, DC. xx + 419 p. CA. 17-23 June 1989. Hofmann, J.E., J.E. Gardner, and M.J. Page. L.M., and H.L. Bart, Jr. 1989. Egg Brigham, W.U. Coordinator, computer Morris. Distribution and habitat of the marsh mimics in darters (Pisces: Percidae). Copeia graphic session. National Computer Graphic rice rat (Oryzomyspalustris) in southern 1989:514-517. Association Conference, Orlando, FL. 10-15 September 1988. Illinois. Eighty-first Annual Meeting of the Swofford, D.L. Parsimony and phylogenetic Brouillard, D., and J.H. Witham. 1988. Illinois State Academy of Science, Peoria. 21 inference from nucleic acid data. Symposium, Overbrowsing threatens Ryerson Woods. October 1988. Phylogenetic Analysis of Molecular Data, Ryerson Almanac 6(3): 1,3-4. Lake County American Institute of Biological Sciences, Forest Preserve District, Libertyville, IL. Jeffords, M.R., and K.C. McGiffen. Insect Davis, CA. 18 August 1988. Identification and the INHS Insect Collection. Buhnerkempe, J.E., and R.L. Westemeier. University of Illinois Agronomy Open House, Swofford, D.L. PAUP: Phylogenetic 1988. Breeding biology and habitat of upland Central States Region, Champaign. 1 April analysis using parsimony. Symposium, sandpipers on prairie-chicken sanctuaries in 1989. Computer-assisted Techniques in Phylogeny, Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Geological Society of America, Denver, CO. Academy of Science 81:153-162. Johnston, C.E., and L.M. Page. The 2 November 1988. evolution of complex reproductive behaviors Cochran, W.W., and V. Meretsky. 1988. in North American minnows (Cypriniformes: Swofford, D.L. PAUP version 3 and notes on Preliminary report on development of an Cyprinidae). Sixty-ninth Annual Meeting of MacClade. Seventh International Meeting of automatic tracking system. Journal of Raptor the American Society of Ichthyologists and the Willi Hennig Society, Stockholm, Reseach 22. Herpetologists, San Francisco, CA. 17-23 Sweden. 24 August 1988. June 1989. Edwards, W.R. 1988. Introduction. In D.L. Swofford, D.L. U.S. observer at Nobel Hallett, W.R. Edwards, and G.V. Burger, eds. Keevin, T., and M.E. Retzer. Variation in Symposium: The Hierarchy of Life, Pheasants: symptoms of wildlife problems on denticles on dermal scutes among genera of Karlskoga, Sweden. 28-31 August 1988. agricultural lands. North Central Section of loricariid catfishes (Siluriformes: Loricar- the Wildlife Society, Bloomington, IN. iidae). Sixty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Swofford, D.L. An overview of numerical American Society of Ichthyologists and cladistics. Seminar and workshop conducted Edwards, W.R. 1988. A perspective on the Herpetologists, San Francisco, CA. 17-23 for the Biology Department, University of symposium and on pheasants. Pages 337-345 June 1989. Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette. 16-17 in D.L. Hallett, W.R. Edwards, and G.V. March 1989. Burger, eds. Pheasants: symptoms of wildlife McGiffen, K.C. Insects and the INHS insect problems on agricultural lands. North Central collection. Grade 4, Judah Christian School, Swofford, D.L. Parsimony, character-state Section of the Wildlife Society, Bloomington, Champaign, IL. 26 October 1988. reconstructions, and evolutionary inferences. IN. Symposium, Systematics, Historical Ecology, McGiffen, K.C., and M.R. Jeffords. and North American Freshwater Fishes, Edwards, W.R. 1988. Realities of “popula¬ Horticultural insect pests, the INHS insect American Society of Ichthyologists and tion regulation" and harvest management. collection, and resources for identifying Herpetologists. 18 June 1989. Pages 307-335 in D.L. Hallett, W.R. insects. Central Chapter of the Horticultural Edwards, and G.V. Burger, eds. Pheasants: Inspection Society, Champaign, IL. 2 Swofford, D.L. PAUP version 3.0 for the symptoms of wildlife problems on agricultural November 1988. Macintosh. Seminar presented to the lands. North Central Section of the Wildlife Systematics Discussion Group, University of Society, Bloomington, IN. McGiffen, K.C., and M.R. Jeffords. Insect Michigan, Ann Arbor. 5 April 1989. diversity and the INHS insect collection. Etter, S.L., R.E. Warner, G.B. Joselyn, Wildlife Research University of Illinois Agronomy Field Day, and J.E. Warnock. 1988. The dynamics of Agricultural Entomology Tour, Champaign. pheasant abundance during the transition to 15 June 1989. Publications and Reports intensive row-cropping in Illinois. Pages Anderson, W.L., and S.P. Havera. 1989. 111-127 in D.L. Hallett, W.R. Edwards, and Page, L.M. Identification of Illinois am- Lead poisoning in Illinois waterfowl G.V. Burger, eds. Pheasants: symptoms of phipods, isopods and decapods. Workshop for (1977-1988) and the implementation of wildlife problems on agricultural lands. North Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District, nontoxic shot regulations. Illinois Natural Central Section of the Wildlife Society, Schaumburg, IL. 5 January 1989. History Survey Biological Note 133. 37 p. Bloomington, IN.

Page, L.M. Moderator, session on North Bellrose, F.C., and N.M. Trudeau. 1988. Hallett, D.L., W.R. Edwards, andG.V. American freshwater fishes. Sixty-ninth Wetlands and their relationship to migrating Burger, eds. 1988. Pheasants: symptoms of Annual Meeting of the American Society of and winter populations of waterfowl. Pages wildlife problems on agricultural lands. North Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, San 183—194 D.D. Hook, W.H. McKee, Jr., Central Section of the Wildlife Society, Francisco, CA. 18 June 1989. H.K. Smith, J. Gregory, V.G. Vurrell, Jr., Bloomington, IN. 345 p. M.R. DeVoe, R.E. Sojka, S. Gilbert. R. Banks, Page, L.M. Outstanding aquatic ecosystems L.H. Stolzy, C. Brooks, T.D. Matthews, and Havera, S.P. 1988. Building addition to the within Illinois based on uniqueness of their T.H. Shear, eds. The ecology of wetlands. River Research Laboratory at Havana, fauna and environmental quality. Illinois Vol. 1. Papers from a symposium of the Inter¬ Illinois. Final report to the National Science Nature Preserves Commission 25th Anniver¬ national Society of Anaerobiosis, Charleston, Foundation, Washington, DC. 10 p. sary Sym, osium, Carbondale. 21 April 1989. SC, June 1986. Croom Helm, London, and Timber Press, Portland, OR. 60 Havera, S.P. 1988. Midwinter bald eagle History Survey, Section of Wildlife Research Warner, R.E., and S.L. Etter. 1989. Hay survey. Report to Illinois Department of Report 14-16-0009-87-1221.73 p. cutting and the survival of pheasants: a long¬ Conservation, Springfield, and National term perspective. Journal of Wildlife Wildlife Foundation, Washington, DC. 28 p. Nixon, C.M. 1988. Illinois deer investigations Management 53:455-461. performance report. Project W-87-R-9, Havera, S.P. 1988. Resources inventory for Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Illinois Warner, R.E., S.P. Havera, L.M. David, the Illinois Waterway. Report to the U.S. Fish Department of Conservation, Springfield. and R.J. Siemers. 1989. Seasonal abundance and Wildlife Service, Rock Island, IL. 41 p. 26 p. of waste corn and soybeans in Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:142-148. Havera, S.P. 1988. Trends in waterfowl Nixon, C.M., L.P. Hansen, and P. Brewer. numbers in Illinois. Pages 33-36 in Proceed¬ 1988. Characteristics of winter habitats used Warner, R.E., J.B. Koppelman, and D.P. ings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Upper by deer in Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Philipp. 1988. A biochemical genetic Mississippi River Conservation Committee. Management 52:552-555. evaluation of ring-necked pheasants. Journal Peoria, IL. of Wildlife Management 52:108-113. Robinson, S.K. 1988 Anti-social and social Havera, S.P. 1989. Aerial census of behaviour of adolescent Yellow-rumped Warner, R.E., and D.P. Philipp. 1988. waterfowl 1 July 1988-30 June 1989. Final Caciques. Animal Behaviour 36:1482-1495. Genetic management of North American report to the Illinois Department of Conserva¬ pheasants. Pages 199-212 in D.L. Hallett, tion, Springfield. 65 p. Robinson, S.K. 1988. Ecology and host W.R. Edwards, and G.V. Burger, eds. relationships of Giant Cowbirds in southeast¬ Pheasants: symptoms of wildlife problems on Havera. S.P. 1989. Disturbance of diving ern Peru. Wilson Bulletin 100:224-235. agricultural lands. North Central Section of ducks on Keokuk Pool. Page 29 in Mississippi the Wildlife Society, Bloomington, IN. Flyway Council Technical Section Minutes, Robinson, S.K. 1988. Reappraisal of the costs Little Rock, AR. (Abstract) and benefits of habitat heterogeneity for Westemeier, R.L. 1988. An evaluation of nongame wildlife. Transactions of the North methods for controlling pheasants on Illinois Havera, S.P. 1989. Ecological changes in the American Wildlife and Natural Resources prairie-chicken sanctuaries. Pages 267-288 in Illinois River valley. Page 25 in M. A. Conference 53:145-155. D.L. Hallett, W.R. Edwards, and G.V. Burger, Phillippi and B.D. Anderson, eds. Preserving eds. Pheasants: symptoms of wildlife the aquatic biodiversity of Illinois: inventory, Robinson, S.K., and D.S. Wilcove. 1989. problems on agricultural lands. North Central research, regulations, and protection. The Conserving tropical raptors and game birds. Section of the Wildlife Society, Bloomington, Illinois Nature Preserves Commission 25th Conservation Biology 3:192-193. IN. Anniversary Symposium. (Abstract) Sanderson, G.C. 1988. Cooperative raccoon Westemeier, R.L. 1988. Development of Havera. S.P. 1989. Recent survey collections. Job completion report. Surveys prairie pasture demonstration areas, Phase II. publication—Forbes Biological Station: the and Investigations Projects. Illinois Federal Illinois Natural History Survey final report to past and the promise. Illinois Natural History Aid Project W-49-R(35), Job 5. 22 p. the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Survey Reports 288. Resources, Springfield. 42 p. Warner, R.E. 1988. Habitat management: Havera, S.P.. and W.L. Anderson. 1988. how well do we understand the pheasant facts Westemeier, R.L. 1988. Prairie-chicken Environmental Issues Committee report of life? Pages 129-146/// D.L. Hallett, W.R. research report to cooperators. Illinois Natural concerning No. F steel shot. Pages 104—120 in Edwards, and G.V. Burger, eds. Pheasants: History Survey (white paper). 15 p. Mississippi Flyway Council Technical symptoms of wildlife problems on agricultural Section Minutes, Baton Rouge, LA. lands. North Central Section of the Wildlife Witham, J.H., and J.M. Jones. 1989. Society, Bloomington, IN. Managing urban deer in Illinois: the role of Havera, S.P., and K.E. Roat. 1989. Forbes state government. Ninth Great Plains Animal Biological Station: the past and the promise. Warner, R.E. 1988. Illinois farm programs: Damage Control Workshop, Ft. Collins, CO. Illinois Natural History Survey Special long-term impacts on terrestrial ecosystems 4p. Publication 10. 24 p. and wildlife-related recreation, tourism, and economic development. Final report, Illinois Professional and Community Service Havera, S.P.. and K.E. Roat. 1989. Stephen Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Havera, S.P. Chair, Environmental Issues A. Forbes Biological Station. Illinois Natural Springfield. 53 p. Committee, Mississippi Flyway Technical History Survey Reports 285. Section, and member of the following: Warner, R.E. 1988. Review of The pheas¬ Research Committee and Diving Duck Holmes, R.T., and S.K. Robinson. 1988. ants of the world by P.A. Johnsgard, Oxford Committee of the Mississippi Fly way Spatial patterns, foraging tactics, and diets of University Press, New York. Wildlife Review Technical Section, Wetlands Committee for ground-foraging birds in a northern hard¬ 208:406. the Illinois State Water Plan, Upper Missis¬ woods forest. Wilson Bulletin 100:377-394. sippi Conservation Committee—Pool 19 Warner, R.E. 1988. Roadside management Investigations, Research and Nominating Larkin, R.P.. and D.B. Quine. 1989. Report for wildlife in Illinois. Special report to A committees for the Organization of Biological on bird hazard algorithm. Illinois Natural Place to Hunt Committee. 9 p. Field Stations, Land and Water Resource Committee of the Prairie Hills Resource Havera, S.P. Lectures, Bluebird populations Robinson, S.K. Seminars, Behavioral Conservation and Development Area, Ducks in western Illinois, and History of how soil ecology of Yellow-rumped Caciques in Unlimited Committee for designing a wood erosion has affected the Illinois River valley. Amazonian Peru, and Bird community duck box, Fulton County Tourism Council. Menard County Soil and Water Conservation structure of an Amazonian forest. University District, Petersburg, IL. 23 March 1989. of Colorado, Boulder, 15 December 1988; Havera, S.P. Associate editor. Wood Duck University of Chicago, 14 February 1989; and Symposium Proceedings. 1988-1989. Havera, S.P. Ecological changes in the Michigan State University, East Lansing, 18 Illinois River valley. Twenty-fifth Anniver¬ April 1989. Havera, S.P. Lecturer, Biology Department, sary Symposium of the Illinois Nature Bradley University, Peoria, IL. Preserves Commission, Carbondale, IL. 21 Robinson, S.K. Conservation problems of April 1989. Illinois birds. Jacksonville Audubon Society, Havera, S.P. Adjunct Professor, Biology January 1989; Rotary Club, Champaign, 16 Department, Western Illinois University, Havera, S.P. Judge, State Duck Stamp February 1989; Decatur Audubon Society, 12 Macomb. 1988-1989. Contest, St. Charles, IL. 27-28 April 1989. March 1989; Woman's Club of Rantoul 27 March 1989; Kiwanis Club, Champaign, 28 Havera, S.P. Representative of the Illinois Havera, S.P. Biological history of the Illinois March 1989; and Northwest Audubon Natural History Survey, Annual Meeting of River valley. Board of Natural Resources and Society, Freeport, 4 April 1989. the Organization of Biological Field Stations, Conservation, Springfield, IL. 4 May 1989. Hog Island, ME. 8-11 September 1988. Sanderson, G.C. A 50-year perspective on Havera, S.P. Man’s effects on the Illinois the need for an annual North Central States Havera, S.P. Status of national and local River valley. Science Institute for Biology Fish and Wildlife Conference. Fiftieth waterfowl populations. Outdoor Fall Teachers, Bradley University, Peoria, IL. 13 Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Spectacular Sports Show, Henry, IL. 17 June 1989. Columbus, OH. 4 December 1988. September 1988. Havera, S.P. Technical advisor, WILL-TV Sanderson, G.C. Peer review, Proposal for Havera, S.P. Local and national waterfowl program on the llinois River and a series of 6 the oral immunization of free-ranging situation. Fulton County Ducks Unlimited. 12 videotapes for the schools of Illinois funded raccoons. For the National Wildlife Federa¬ October 1988. by the Society for the Scientific Surveys and tion, Washington, DC. 17 March 1989. based on The Natural Resources of Illinois, Havera, S.P. Man’s effects on the Illinois Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publi¬ Sanderson, G.C. Importance of the interface River valley. Seminar, Ecology Program, cation 6. October-June 1988-1989. between research and management in wildlife Bradley University, given at Havana, IL. 31 conservation. Keynote address. Annual October 1988. Jones, J.M. Regeneration of oak woods Meeting, Texas Chapter, The Wildlife understory after excessive browsing by white¬ Society, College Station. 30 March 1989. Havera, S.P. Waterfowl in the Mississippi tailed deer. Oak Woods Management and Illinois river valleys. Seminar, waterfowl Workshop, Peoria, IL. 22 October 1988. Warner, R.E. Illinois land use: a context for classes. University of Missouri and Missis¬ pheasants (forever). Keynote speaker. sippi State University, given at Havana, IL. Nixon C.M. Member, Education Committee, Pheasants Forever, State Leadership Council, 12-13 November 1988. Illinois Chapter, Society of American Paxton, IL. 3 August 1988. Foresters. Havera, S.P. Annual Job Training Partner¬ Warner, R.E. Management of road rights-of- ship Act Award, Summer Youth Employment Nixon, C.M. Consultant, management way for wildlife in Illinois. International Program, Mason County, from the United problems associated with habitat development Right-of-Way Association Symposium. Private Industry Council, 1989. and harvest of deer and squirrels, Illinois Peoria, IL. 13 October 1988. Department of Conservation, Springfield. Havera, S.P. The Illinois River valley—past, Warner, R.E. Habitat requirements for present, and future. Morton Rotary Club, IL, Robinson, S.K. Phenotypic correlates of pheasant management. Keynote speaker, 20 October 1988; United Methodist Men’s blood parasites in the Common Grackle. Maryland Wildlife Federation, Upland Game Club, Lewistown, IL, 11 January 1989. Symposium speaker. Meeting of the American Bird Conference, Frederick, MD. 22 October Ornithologists, University of Arkansas. 12 1988. Havera, S.P. Management for wood ducks. August 1988. Belleville Waterfowl Association, Havana, Warner, R.E. Session chairman. Annual IL. 21 January 1989. Robinson, S.K. Effects of habitat fragmenta¬ Meeting of the Midwest Wildlife Research tion on Illinois nongame birds. Audubon Supervisors, Columbus, OH. 5 December Havera, S.P. Seminars, Disturbance of Diving Council of Illinois, Champaign. 10 December 1988. Ducks on Keokuk Pool, and Trends in diving 1988; Midwest Raptor Management Work¬ duck populations. Mississippi Flyway shop, Chicago, 27 February 1989; and Illinois Warner, R.E. Session chairman. Upland Technical Section Meeting, Little Rock, AR. Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Makanda, IL, Game. Midwest Fish and Wildlife Confer¬ 17 February 1989. 9 March 1989. ence, Columbus, OH. 6 December 1988. 62 Warner. R.E. Workshop speaker. Observed Wf.stemeier. R.L. Prairie pastures for Illinois Witham, J.H. Chicago Urban Deer Study. and simulated effects of pheasant hunting wildlife and cattlemen. Seminar, Olny Central Midwest Deer and Turkey Study Group, regulations. Illinois Department of Conserva¬ College, held at McCormick Sanctuary, Jasper Carbondale, IL. tion. Springfield. 6 February 1989. County. IL. 22 July 1988. Witham, J.H. The Urban Deer Study. Warner. R.E. Farm programs and policies of Westemeier, R.L. Effects of drought on Meeting of the Northeast Illinois Natural the 1980s: implications for grassland wildlife Illinois prairie-chicken sanctuaries. Seminar, Areas Managers. February 1989. in Illinois. Izaak Walton League, Urbana, IL. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, 9 February, 1989. IL. 11 August 1988. Witham, J.H. Urban deer management: a community choice. Izaak Walton League of Warner. R.E. Judge, 1989 Future Farmers of Westemeier, R.L. Development of a prairie America, Elgin, IL. 6 June 1989. America Foundation Awards, Urbana, IL. 1 pasture project in Illinois. North Central April 1989. Section of the Society for Range Manage¬ Wood, S.G. ICP Fundamentals and Applica¬ ment, Urbana, IL. 3 December 1988. tions. Lecture, Veterinary biosciences class, Warner, R.E. The Illinois pheasant range: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. past, present, and future. Meeting of the Westemeier. R.L. Problems in preserving Champaign County Pheasants Forever Illinois prairie-chickens. Izaak Walton Wood, S.G. Judge, 1989 Future Farmers of Chapter. Champaign, IL. 15 May 1989. League, Urbana, IL. 12 January 1989. America Foundation Awards, Urbana, IL. 1 April 1989. Warner, R.E. Survival of pheasant chicks: a Westemeier, R.L. Consultation with critical factor in Illinois. Annual Meeting of representatives of the Missouri Department of the Leadership, Illinois Chapter. Pheasants Conservation and Missouri Prairie Foundation Forever, Kankakee, IL. 24 June 1989. regarding mutual problems of researching and managing prairie-chickens and prairie vegetation, Jasper County Prairie-chicken Sanctuaries. 29 June 1989. Lorin I. Nevling, Chief, Illinois Natural History Survey A Division of the Department of Energy and Natural Resources

Board of Natural Resources and Conservation Karen A. Witter, Chairperson H.S. Gutowsky, Secretary Robert H. Benton Judith S. Liebman Robert L. Metcalf Seymour O. Schlanger Roy L. Taylor John H. Yopp

Published by authority of the State of Illinois James R. Thompson, Governor

Design: David M. Murrel Photographs: Molly Hardin Scott, Michael Jeffords, and the archives of the Illinois Natural History Survey Editors: Audrey S. Hodgins and Eva L. Steger

351095-500-11-89

A catalog of the publications of the Illinois Natural History Survey is available without charge from the address below. A price list and an order blank are included with the catalog.

Illinois Natural History Survey Distribution Center Natural Resources Building 607 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 • I Illinois Natural HiVton\ Survey Natural Resources Butrcfrn&'.V 607 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820

217/333-6880