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Priorităţi De Guvernare 2009 PRIORITĂŢI DE GUVERNARE 2009 Publicaţia apare în cadrul proiectului “Consolidarea cooperării dintre partide politice, organe electorale și alegători”, implementat de către Asociaţia pentru Democraţie Participativă ADEPT cu suportul fi nanciar al UNDEF (Fondul Naţiunilor Unite pentru Democraţie). CHIȘINĂU 2009 328:342.5(478) P 92 Publicaţia apare în cadrul proiectului “Consolidarea cooperării dintre partide politice, organe electorale și alegători”, implementat de către Asociaţia pentru Democraţie Participativă ADEPT cu suportul fi nanciar al UNDEF (Fondul Naţiunilor Unite pentru Democraţie). Coordonator general: Elena Prohniţchi Coordonator juridic: Corneliu Gurin Autori: Nadejda Hriptievschi, Alexandru Cocîrţă, Cristina Cojocaru, Angela Casian, Anjela Baurciulu, Valeriu Prohniţchi, Elena Gorelova, Alexandr Muravschi, Dorin Vaculovschi, Natalia Vlădicescu, Sergiu Robu, Ion Comendant, Adrian Lupușor, Maia Sandu Lector: Horia Zava Coperta: Anatolie Tomoianu Design și tehnoredactare: Anatolie Tomoianu Prepress: Editura GUNIVAS ADEPT, str. V. Alecsandri nr. 97, Chișinău, MD 2012, Republica Moldova Tel.: (373 22) 213494, tel/fax: (373 22) 212992 E-mail: [email protected], www.e-democracy.md Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naţionale a Cărţii Priorităţi de guvernare ... /aut.: Nadejda Hriptievschi, Alexandru Cocîrţă, Cristina Cojocaru [et al.]; coord. gen. Elena Prohniţchi; Asoc. pentru Democraţie Participativă ADEPT. – Ch.: Gunivas, 2009. ... 2009. – 2009. – 328 p. – Apare cu sprijinul fin. UNDEF (Fondul Naţiunilor Unite pentru Democraţie). – 1500 ex. – ISBN 978-9977-908-88-7. 328:342.5(478) P 92 © ADEPT, 2009 ISBN 978-9977-908-88-7 Toate drepturile rezervate. Punctele de vedere și opiniile exprimate în publicaţie nu sînt în mod necesar împărtășite și de fi nan- ţator și nu pot fi interpretate sub nici o formă în acest sens. CUPRINS Nadejda Hriptievschi PROTECŢIA ŞI AFIRMAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI: UNELE ASPECTE CE ŢIN DE IMPLEMENTAREA DREPTURILOR CIVILE ŞI POLITICE .............................9 Alexandru Cocîrţă JUSTIŢIA .................................................................................................................................... 43 Cristina Cojocaru EFICIENŢA ANTICORUPŢIE MĂCINATĂ ÎNTRE FORMALISM, INFLUENŢE POLITICE ŞI NEÎNCREDERE ........................................................................................ 83 Angela Casian, Anjela Baurciulu IMPLICAŢIILE POLITICII BUGETARFISCALE ASUPRA MANAGEMENTULUI FINANŢELOR PUBLICE .............................................................................................................. 125 Valeriu Prohniţchi CLIMATUL INVESTIŢIONAL: PROVOCĂRI PENTRU NOUA GUVERNARE ........................................ 151 Elena Gorelova DEZVOLTAREA REGIONALĂ: EVOLUŢIE, LECŢII, RECOMANDĂRI .................................................. 171 Alexandr Muravschi PROBLEMELE ŞI PERSPECTIVELE DEZVOLTĂRII SECTORULUI AGRAR ......................................... 197 Dorin Vaculovschi PIAŢA MUNCII ŞI FENOMENUL MIGRAŢIEI: EVOLUŢII, PERSPECTIVE, RECOMANDĂRI .................. 215 Natalia Vlădicescu SISTEMUL DE PROTECŢIE SOCIALĂ ........................................................................................... 235 Sergiu Robu, Ion Comendant ENERGETICA: ATINGEREA SECURITĂŢII, EFICIENŢEI, CALITĂŢII ŞI COMPETIŢIEI PRECONIZATE .... 259 Adrian Lupuşor COMERŢUL EXTERIOR ŞI COMPETITIVITATEA ECONOMIEI NAŢIONALE ....................................... 289 Maia Sandu ASISTENŢA EXTERNĂ ................................................................................................................ 311 3 Nadejda Hriptievschi Jurist, consultant juridic, Biroul Asociat de Avocaţi “Avocaţii Publici”, magistru în drept constituţional comparat cu specializare adiţională în drepturile omului (Universitatea Central Europeană, Budapesta, Ungaria) Alexandru Cocîrţă Jurist, experienţă profesională în reforma justiţiei penale, reforma sistemului de asistenţă juridică garantată de stat, participant la elaborarea textelor legislative în domeniul justiţiei, magistru în drept Cristina Cojocaru Jurist, experienţă profesională în cadrul Proiectului UE “Judiciarul Civil şi Comercial în Moldova”, în cadrul Ambasadei SUA din Republica Moldova şi în cadrul Asociaţiei obşteşti Centrul de Analiză şi Prevenire a Corupţiei, magistru în drept privat” Angela Casian Conferenţiar universitar, Catedra “Finanţe şi asigurări”, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova, doctor în ştiinţe economice Anjela Baurciulu Conferenţiar universitar, Catedra “Finanţe şi asigurări”, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova, doctor în ştiinţe economice Valeriu Prohniţchi Director executiv, Centrul Analitic Independent EXPERT-GRUP Elena Gorelova Director adjunct, Centrul de Investigaţii Strategice şi Reforme, viceministru al economiei (2001-2002), doctor în ştiinţe economice Alexandr Muravschi Conferenţiar universitar, viceprim-ministru, ministru al economiei şi reformelor (1999), deputat în Parlamentul Republicii Moldova, vice-preşedintele comisiei parlamentare pentru economie, indust- rie şi privatizare (1994-1998), doctor în ştiinţe economice Dorin Vaculovschi Conferenţiar universitar, Decan, facultatea Generală şi Drept, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova, doctor în ştiinţe economice Natalia Vlădicescu Sociolog, Centrul de Investigaţii Sociologice şi Marketing “CBS-AXA”, magistru în Management Social şi Dezvoltare Comunitară (Universitatea “Al. I. Cuza”, Iaşi) Sergiu Robu Colaborator ştiinţifi c, Laboratorul “Energetică Generală”, Institutul de Energetică, Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei Ion Comendant Colaborator ştiinţifi c, coordonator, Institutul de Energetică, Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, doctor în ştiinţe tehnice Adrian Lupuşor Cercetător economic, Centrul Analitic Independent EXPERT-GRUP Maia Sandu Economist, consultant independent în politici publice, experienţă profesională în cadrul ofi ciului Băncii Mondiale în Moldova, PNUD Moldova, Ministerului Economiei şi Comerţului 4 CUVÎNT ÎNAINTE Indiferent de ce se va mai întîmpla pînă la sfîrșitul anului 2009, acesta va intra în istoria Republicii Moldova ca un an cu totul excepţional, cînd ţara a căzut victimă unor crize profunde și suprapuse. În ianuarie 2009 disensiunile politice și economice dintre Rusia și Ucraina au lăsat o bună parte din comunităţile locale fără resurse energetice. Criza fi nan- ciară internaţională declanșată în august-septembrie 2008 s-a răsfrînt asupra Moldovei prin cea mai gravă recesiune economică de după 1999 încoace. Alegerile parlamentare din 5 aprilie 2009 s-au soldat cu o criză politică de proporţii și cu o divizare periculoasă a societăţii. Modul în care autorităţile centrale au gestionat la 6-7 aprilie 2009 proteste- le cetăţenilor nemulţumiţi de rezultatele alegerilor și încălcările în masă ale drepturilor omului de către poliţie și justiţie a cauzat o criză a încrederii publicului intern și extern faţă de instituţiile democratice din ţară. Verticala puterii a dat primele eșecuri, sistemul de administraţie intrînd și el într-o criză profundă, fi ind incapabil să adopte și să imple- menteze deciziile necesare în circumstanţe excepţionale. Luate împreună, acestea au creat și o criză majoră în politica externă a ţării, ameninţînd să provoace o schimbare radicală a reperelor sale geopolitice. Deși parcursul ţării în viitorul apropiat este încă incert, o scurtă privire retrospectivă ar demonstra cu prisosinţă că toate ingredientele necesare pentru manifestarea explozivă a crizelor în anul 2009 au fost prezente de mai mult timp. Formele extreme în care s-au manifestat aceste crize sînt rezultatul unor grave erori și contradicţii de politici admise de guvernare în anii 2000 și care, mai devreme sau mai tîrziu, inevitabil ar fi erupt, indife- rent de caracterul conjuncturii externe. Suportul politic și economic extern acordat Mol- dovei pe parcursul ultimului deceniu în procesul său de modernizare și dezvoltare, nu a putut substitui realizarea consecventă de reforme structurale și transformări democrati- ce interne. Este demonstrativ faptul că la o diferenţă de aproape 7 ani, cînd guvernarea actuală a declarat integrarea europeană drept “obiectiv de importanţă strategică pentru Republica Moldova”, problemele cu care se confruntă Moldova în 2009 rămîn aceleași, iar unele chiar au devenit cronice și s-au agravat: respectarea drepturilor omului, asigu- rarea libertăţii presei, funcţionarea defectuoasă a mecanismelor statului de drept, inde- pendenţa justiţiei, combaterea corupţiei, crearea unui mediu de afaceri atractiv etc. În contextul celor menţionate, publicaţia de faţă a fost concepută anume ca o sursă de analize de politici care ar oferi partidelor politice și publicului larg repere pentru înţele- gerea gravelor probleme cu care se confruntă Republica Moldova. Sperăm că această lucrare va facilita înţelegerea de către noul corp de parlamentari, aleși în cadrul alege- rilor parlamentare din 2009, a raporturilor dintre evoluţiile anterioare și necesităţile ac- 5 tuale de dezvoltare ale Republicii Moldova, necesităţi raportate la Strategia Naţională de Dezvoltare și angajamentele asumate în faţa partenerilor internaţionali, inclusiv în cadrul procesului de integrare europeană. Ajutînd partidele politice să înţeleagă mai bine necesităţile sociale, aceasta publicaţie va consolida gradul de responsabilitate și capacitatea de comunicare a partidelor cu cetăţenii. În același timp, sîntem convinși că lucrarea va servi publicului larg și mass-mediei drept instrument analitic valoros și sursă de informaţie necesară pentru monitorizarea activi-
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