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6. Military Railway Sidings and Military Railways

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6. MILITARY RAILWAY SIDINGS AND MILITARY RAILWAYS The fundamental tasks of military transport authorities of the Polish Armed Forces included the management and supervision of sidings and military railways at bases, units, depots, and military establishments (plants): at all major facili- ties, military operated standard-gauge sidings as well as internal narrow-gauge lines� Records of Board IV of the General Staff included approximately 200 mil- itary sidings with a total length of over 800 km; most transports of armaments, ammunition, materials, and fuels and lubricants were delivered by rail� Initially, pursuant to a definition as per military regulations, lines were clas- sified as military sidings branching off public tracks, and/or military railways – independent narrow-gauge lines operated internally, at Ministry of National Defence facilities�713 Military sidings were grouped by construction period: a) owned and operated by the army until September 1st 1939, and sidings built for the military purposes during the war, taken over by the Polish Armed Forces upon liberation; b) built after the war to the military and railway works plan of the Military Transports Board of the General Staff; c) built as part of investment plans, or using internal methods making use of credit lines opened by the Department of Accommodation and Construction Services of the Polish Armed Forces, Investment and Construction Board of the Ministry of National Defence, Air Force Command and Anti-Aircraft Defence Command, Navy Command, and central institutions of the Ministry of National Defence and other military units – and made part of the military railway sidings inventory; d) built or operated by civilian institutions and taken over for military purposes due to their nature, under inter-ministerial agreements and resulting orders issued by the Chief of the General Staff� Following the introduction of the Regulations Concerning the Management of Military Railways and Military Railway Rolling Stock714 by the Ministry of National Defence, a new definition of military railways was adopted as well, 713 Ministry of National Defence, Przepisy o eksploatacji (1960), 5� 714 Ministry of National Defence, Przepisy o gospodarce (1975), 7� Zbigniew Tucholski - 9783631818299 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/25/2021 06:59:29PM via free access 288 Military Railway Sidings and Military Railways extending to and including sidings and on-site railway tracks operated by mil- itary units, institutions, plants and enterprises� Sidings were defined as railway tracks intended for on-site (in-house) transport service, branching directly or indirectly off railway lines that were in public use via internal railway lines oper- ated by a specific entity, not connected to the public railway network� Sidings and internal railway tracks would by definition not be distinguished as standard- or narrow-gauge facilities� The users of military railways users were required to observe all regulations is- sued by the Ministry of Transport in the field of railway construction, maintenance and technical operation� Surface materials and railway equipment were kept on user records, and under supervision authorities by the Headquarters of Military Transport� The land on which military railways were built was appropriately evidenced by the authorities of the accommodation and construction services; land occupied by state-owned enterprises reporting to the Ministry of National Defence was evidenced by such enterprises� Military railways were managed by the following entities: Military Transports Board of the General Staff, Military Transports Branches of the military districts, Navy, Ground Forces, National Air Defense (peer entities), military transport commands assisted by Military Transports units reporting to them, and military units (as users)� General supervision over military railways was performed by the head of the Military Transport service via line authorities reporting to him� Military railways on individual military district territory were managed by the heads of Military Transports at respective military districts� The direct management of military railways operated by all users stationing on the areas of the given Regional State Railway Managements was entrusted to the respective military transport commands, assisted by the military transport authori- ties reporting to them� Professional soldiers and civilian employees were responsible for operating railways and managing related rail traffic at military units (defined as military railway users)� Military railways were constructed, extended and reconstructed according to investment plans drafted by the Ministry of National Defence� The respective Polish State Railways regulations applied to the design and construction of mili- tary railways�715 State Railway Managements exercised substantive and technical supervision over the construction of military railways� 715 On 17 January 1963 the Ministry of Transport issued regulation No� 21, on the prin- ciples for maintenance and operation of non-public railways used by the Ministry of National Defence and Ministry of Internal Affairs� Zbigniew Tucholski - 9783631818299 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/25/2021 06:59:29PM via free access Military Railway Sidings and Military Railways 289 Upon construction, military railways were listed on record pursuant to a respective decision by the Transport Board of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces� Military railways had to meet all technical requirements for non- public use railways� The registration of military railways was handled by a commission com- prising representatives of the Military Transfer Command, Military Service of Accommodation and Construction, Polish State Railways, the party submitting the facility for registration, and the user� Upon registration, military transport authorities categorised the given military railway in recognition of its purpose and technical condition� The investor was obliged to remove any defects that were identified within the deadlines defined by the commission, prior to the final acceptance of the given railway for operation� Upon takeover of a facility com- prising a railway siding from another ministry, authorities of the Headquarters of Military Transport would only inspect the siding and siding-related facilities – remaining facility assets (land included) would be inspected and approved by competent military authorities� Military railways approved by military transport authorities and entered into the army stock-lists were handed over to the mili- tary unit concerned� All military railways managed and operated by the Ministry of National Defence were listed on record as part of registers managed by the respective Military Transport Commands� They drafted military siding registra- tion cards containing all the basic technical data as required� A number of the respective military railway on the list was assigned by the Military Transport Command� The following numbering rules were adopted:716 Each number comprised three digits� The first digit corresponded to the Regional State Railway numbering� Ordinal numbers were applied as the second and third digits for standard-gauge railways� Conversely, narrow-gauge railway numbering involved the digit “8” as the second one, the third digit was an ordinal one� Railway numbering further involved slash-followed railway category designa- tion, and a letter to reflect the main user category, as follows: a) railways operated by military units of the: – Warsaw Military District, “W” – Pomorze Military District, “P” – Silesian Military District, “S” 716 Ministry of National Defence, Przepisy o gospodarce (1975), 13� Zbigniew Tucholski - 9783631818299 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/25/2021 06:59:29PM via free access 290 Military Railway Sidings and Military Railways Railways operated by military units reporting to the: – Central institutions of the Ministry of National Defence, “C” – Naval Command, “MW” – Air Force Command, “L” – Command of the Polish Air Defence Forces, “O” Letter markings of military railways operated by units reporting to the central institutions of the Ministry of National Defence, the Air Force Command, and the Command of the Polish Air Defence Forces were preceded by a letter designation of the military district on whose territory the railway was located� Users kept files for all military sidings and/or on-site railway tracks, comprising all documents concerning the respective railway facility� Whenever a facility changed hands, files were appropriately forwarded to the new user� Pursuant to a special order of the Ministry of Transport, all works asso- ciated with the repair and maintenance of buildings and equipment on mil- 717 itary railways were provided by the Polish State Railways infrastructure service�718 The following criteria applied to the process of military railways categorisation: – Category One: military railways or groups of tracks used by central or district depots (plants) of hazardous materials; – Category Two: military railways or groups of tracks used by other cen- tral depots and military railways, the number of wagons that were loaded/ unloaded exceeding 1,000 per annum; – Category Three: all other military tracks and railways� Category One and Two military railways could comprise track groups or indi- vidual tracks classifiable as lower-category assets due to their nature� Depending on the individual requirements and their technical condition, military railways and/or tracks could be re-classified annually�
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