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Texto Completo Libro (Pdf) El contenido de esta obra es ficción. Aunque contenga referencias a hechos históricos y lugares existentes, los nombres, personajes, y situaciones son ficticios. Cualquier semejanza con personas reales, vivas o muertas, empresas existentes, eventos o locales, es coincidencia y fruto de la imaginación de los autores. ©2018, Kaidan. Cuando vienen del otro lado ©2018, Varios autores ©2018, Ilustraciones: Claudia Tarabella Colección Krypta, nº 7 Ediciones Babylon Calle Martínez Valls, 56 46870 Ontinyent (Valencia-España) e-mail: [email protected] http://www.EdicionesBabylon.es/ ISBN: 978-84-16703-35-7 Todos los derechos reservados. No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de cualquier parte de la obra, ni su transmisión de ninguna forma o medio, ya sea electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia u otro medio, sin el permiso de los titulares de los derechos. Índice El sueño de la emperatriz, Miriam Álvarez Elvira El tengu y la doncella, Saya Flourite Incienso y cascajo, Antonio Míguez Santa Cruz La dama Kiyo, Almudena Carrasco Pazos La sombra del kitsune, Miriam Isern El shamisen del yūrei, Rocío Moreno García Diecisiete días de lluvia, Óscar Navas El estratega del chan Shimazu, Clara Bonillo Madre, Miriam Álvarez Elvira O cómo el kamikaze no fue más que una invención…, Ismael Montero Díaz La mujer de las nieves, Javier Pavía Chanoyu, Daniel Garrido Aikawa, Antonio Míguez Santa Cruz La guardia, Juan A. Oliva La invitada, Saya Flourite Mabushii, John Saga Kokeshi, Rodrigo Larrubia Salado Onna Benshi, John Saga La cuerda sagrada, Àngels Gimeno Nieve, Marta Sebastián Valverde Canción de madera, Laura CR Santuario, Hernán Ruíz- Lopera Demasu, Francisco Tamaral Comparecencia, Ciudadano Kane KAIDAN. CUANDO VIENEN DEL OTRO LADO Probablemente en Japón exista uno de los bestiarios más ricos de entre todas las mitologías conocidas. Sin embargo, esa circuns- tancia no es una anécdota, pues los nipones conviven mezclando la tecnología más puntera con costumbres milenarias fruto de la creencia en el más allá. Naturalmente, la tendencia se ha visto refle- jada en el mundo de las artes y la literatura: paradigma de ello son los preciosos grabados de Sekien Toriyama o la gran inclinación hacia lo sobrenatural en los diversos tipos de teatro de aquel país. Como era de esperar, también multitud de literatos han revisado el relato corto de temática fantástica hasta convertirlo en un formato elevado y de gran éxito; ahí están Akinari Ueda con su Luna de las lluvias; Koizumi Yakumo con su Kwaidan; o Ango Sakaguchi con su Bosque bajo los cerezos en flor como ejemplos para demostrarlo. Más que género, el kaidan es una temática narrativa cuyo origen se incrusta en los albores culturales de Japón. Al contrario de lo que muchos pudieran suponer, el concepto no se refiere exclusivamente a los cuentos de fantasmas, sino que atañe a cualquier suceso ex- traño del mundo fantástico; es decir, duendes, demonios, animales místicos, espíritus o budas podrían ser tan eventuales protagonistas de este tipo de historias como un yūrei. Por tanto, un kaidan no tendría por qué provocar miedo de forma necesaria, o mejor expre- sado, su función primordial no sería obligatoriamente esa. Lo esen- cial en este caso sería aportar un poso moral de trasfondo religioso o ético, en el que lo grotesco actuaría como simple advertencia para explicar lo que les ocurriría a los hipotéticos transgresores. Pero la mejor forma de aprehender el significado literal del término será analizando el par de kanjis que lo conforman. El primero es kai (怪), que significa raro, extraño o misterioso. Como sucede con rei (霊), este símbolo es recurrente en la cultura nipona, y si recordamos también aparece en el término yōkai. Por su parte, dan (談) quiere decir hablar, relato, o más concretamente narrativa para ser escuchada, y aquí nos vemos en la obligación de subrayar la connotación oral del kanji, observable en otras palabras japonesas como zatsudan (雑 談), que vendría a decir coloquio distendido. Luego si atendemos a todos los datos anteriores, la definición más precisa de kaidan sería historias raras para ser escuchadas. Somos muy conscientes de las dificultades para traducir esto fielmente al castellano, aunque pensamos que la expresión inglesa weird tale se asemeja más en términos absolutos. Asimismo, existe cierta controversia en torno a si la correcta vo- calización de la palabra corresponde a kaidan o kwaidan. El origen del problema se explica porque la romanización del término en la conocidísima obra de Lafcadio Hearn Kwaidan se realizó mediante un sistema distinto al Hepburn, hoy día el único vigente y diseñado para hacer de la japonesa una lengua más fácilmente pronunciable para personas angloparlantes. Las traslaciones de finales de siglo XIX y principios de XX podían utilizar, sin embargo, procedimien- tos alternativos de romanización, que quizá pudieran optar por el sonido kw en lugar de una k limpia. La universalización de la obra de Hearn por Europa y EE.UU asentó la creencia de que la correcta pronunciación se ejecutaba usando kw, pero, como decimos, el mé- todo Hepburn se ha asentado como el único, y por ende actualmente solo se utiliza kaidan. En consecuencia, la vocalización de kwaidan se reduce a un exclusivo referente directo al conocido libro reco- pilatorio, o bien a su adaptación fílmica llevada a cabo por Masaki Kobayasahi. Sin duda alguna, el cénit del kaidan llegaría con el juego lla- mado Hyakumonogatari kaidankai, consistente en reunirse por la noche a la luz de cien velas para contar otras tantas historias cortas de fantasmas o duendes. Era común que los participantes narra- sen vivencias personales, quizá rescatando cuentos de su pueblo de origen, o justificándolas mediante alguna experiencia propia. Al fin de cada relato una vela se apagaba con el fin de ir creando una atmósfera cada vez más tensa e inquietante, pues como sucede con la ouija se suponía que al extinguir los cien cirios algún espíritu descarriado acudiría invocado por la energía de los participantes. Por este motivo pocos se arriesgaban a contar las cien fábulas, pero el morbo consistía en aproximarse lo máximo posible. Por su parte, el protocapitalismo del periodo Edo pronto vio en el auge de este entretenimiento una pingue oportunidad de mercado. He aquí el origen de los llamados kaidan-shu, libritos de temática sobrenatural colmados de historias impresas para aderezar y com- pletar las sesiones nocturnas del hyaku monogatari. Precisamente serían la relevancia social y el índice de veracidad dado a la leyenda urbana las claves para que ulteriormente fueran plasmadas en papel o representadas en teatro, por lo que a pesar de su origen oral el gé- nero llegó a ser aplicable a todo tipo de narrativa o soporte. Incluso hubo multitud de cuentos concebidos ad hoc para ser leídos y que seguían siendo considerados kaidan. Aquí habríamos de encuadrar la obra excelsa de Ueda Akinari, autor de La luna de las lluvias, uno de los compendios de terror más conocidos de Japón. A pesar de que el gusto por este «pasatiempo» se extendiese a lo largo de todo el año, también es cierta su mayor divulgación du- rante los meses estivales. Además de por la consabida celebración del O-bon durante estas fechas —finales de julio, agosto, septiem- bre—, Hideo Nakata apunta otra causa para relacionar los relatos terroríficos con las noches de verano: Tenemos una tradición consistente en contar e interpretar histo- rias de fantasmas en medio del verano. Los veranos en Japón son cálidos y húmedos, y para refrescarnos necesitamos historias que nos hielen la sangre. Así no pensamos en el calor. No estoy bro- meando. Hoy día el kabuki todavía estrena las historias de fantas- mas en agosto. Una tradición que luego heredó el cine e hizo que las películas se estrenaran también durante este mes… El compendio que tienes entre tus manos nace con el interés de ser un homenaje a todas aquellas historias que hielan la sangre. Está formado por dieciséis relatos cortos y ocho microrrelatos, to- dos ellos seleccionados a partir de un certamen literario organiza- do al alimón por Ediciones Babylon y CoolJapan.es en verano de 2017. Ahora, apenas un año después, fantasmas, zorros, damas de las nieves, sirenas antropófagas, mujeres serpiente, tengus, brujas o muñecas poseídas harán acto de aparición en las siguientes pá- ginas. Además, una vez acabadas las lecturas podrás encontrar un catálogo de conceptos al final del libro que esclarece su trasfondo cultural, histórico y narrativo. Así que ya sabéis; tal vez os fascine Sadako y los fantasmas japoneses, quizá os sintáis atraídos por aquella mitología y sus bestiarios, o puede que simplemente queráis experimentar con una temática exótica y poco explorada por el lector español. Sea de la forma que fuere, no seáis tímidos y probad suerte con esta aventura que, ya os aseguro, nos reserva una colección casi digna del mismo Lafcadio Hearn. Mientras tanto, sigan teniendo pesadillas. Antonio Míguez Santa Cruz, redactor de CoolJapan.es Córdoba, 25 de junio de 2018 El sueño de la emperatriz Miriam Álvarez Yasuo siguió obediente al siervo que le indicaba el camino. Sus pies descalzos apenas hacían ruido sobre la tarima de madera que conformaba el suelo de los pasillos del palacio. Al fin, el siervo lo invitó a pasar a una sala tras correr un panel de papel. La emperatriz se encontraba sentada en su trono con su ostentoso atuendo que la hacía parecer mucho más grande. De un gesto con su aba- nico, ordenó a los consejeros que abandonasen la sala. Yasuo hizo una pronunciada reverencia con la espalda recta y los bra- zos pegados al cuerpo mientras los funcionarios realizaban sus propias inclinaciones antes de abandonar la sala. Hasta que el último panel de papel de arroz no se cerró, la emperatriz no abrió la boca.
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