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From the Abolition of the British Slave Trade, the AIDS Crisis Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Honors College at WKU Projects Spring 2018 Journalism and Human Rights: From the Abolition of the British Slave Trade, the AIDS Crisis, and Injustices Beyond and In-Between Andrew Henderson Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses Part of the History Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Henderson, Andrew, "Journalism and Human Rights: From the Abolition of the British Slave Trade, the AIDS Crisis, and Injustices Beyond and In-Between" (2018). Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 769. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/769 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College Capstone Experience/ Thesis Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOURNALISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS: FROM THE ABOLITION OF THE BRITISH SLAVE TRADE, THE AIDS CRISIS, AND INJUSTICES BEYOND AND IN-BETWEEN A Capstone Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Communication Studies with Honors College Graduate Distinction at Western Kentucky Univeristy By Andrew F. Henderson May 2018 ***** CE/T Committee: Professor Patti Minter, Chair Professor Amanda J. Crawford Copyright by Andrew F. Henderson 2018 I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Vickey and Greg Henderson, who have always believed in me. I also dedicate this work to my partner and friend Ashley, who has been by my side. I dedicate this work to everyone, both present and future, on the staff of the College Heights Herald, including students and professional staff (especially Tracy Newton and Sherry West). Finally, I dedicate this work to the administration of Western Kentucky University for their conscious, ongoing, decision to sue the Herald to cover for sexual predators. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout this process, I have been moved to tears many times learning the stories of journalists as they dedicated their lives to better the world around them. Empathy, truthfulness, and understanding is what I took from each of their stories. Thomas Clarkson empathized with slaves while he could have easily not, Ida B. Wells understood the dangers that would face her by tackling white supremacy with her own race while she could have easily carried on a teaching career, Randy Shilts wanted people to know the truth about being gay in the hopes that everyone would come to accept him and those like him. Empahty is a powerful force, one which has propelled human rights forward and one that should be present in every person’s lives. I’m thankful I came to WKU. I am even more thankful that I walked into the front doors of the College Heights Herald newsroom during the second week of my freshman year. Doing so allowed me to find my place, and my home, at this university. Neither of those can be taken away. I am also thankful for all the people I was able to come in touch with during my time as a reporter and editor for the Herald; being a journalist afforded the opportunity to look into the windows of many lives, no matter how brief. The largest thank you I can muster goes to all the professors I’ve had while at WKU, specifically those who have impacted my life in some way: Charlotte Elder, Judy Rohrer, Patricia Minter, Molly Kerby, Jieyoung Kong, Amanda Crawford, and Andrew Rosa. Journalism has recently found itself in a situation of heightened scrutnity, distrust, and even violence; admittedly some wounds are self-inflicted. If they are interested in iv moving the arc of justice forward for all people, and if they wish to return to their roots of advocating for human rights, then I suggest this thesis as a good starting point. v ABSTRACT The conception of human rights is one that is enshrined within the shared, collective history of humanity. Encompassing secular traditions, Asian religions and traditions, and monotheistic religions and perspectives as a base for what would come to evolve into universal human rights. Throughout history these traditions and religions have all played a role in shaping where we are at today in terms of human rights. Yet the road which led to a universal declaration of rights was not paved with ease. From the onset of Aristotle, Plato, Hammurabi, other secular authors, and culminating to the end of the French Revolution at the tail end of the eighteenth century, rights were not freely extended to all people. Certainly, white men, and specifically men who owned property have been well off, but there are several points in our shared history where not all of these rights were declared to everyone. The author argues that journalists have had a profound role in the advancement of human rights as there’s historical precedence to support this, and evidence to support that their work as jouranlists comes to support a growing concept of universal human rights. This theis will examine the role one specific group of people who had a part in the evolution of human rights, and human rights movements: journalists. This thesis will examine the roles of three individual journalists over the course of time and how their work altered, and in many cases began, human rights movements. Focusing on Thomas Clarkson, Ida B. Wells, and Randy Shilts, the author argues that the contributions of journalists have had profound effects on human rights within the framework of rights struggles. vi VITA EDUCATION Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green, KY May 2018 B.A. in Communication Studies – Mahurin Honors College Graduate Honors Capstone: Journalism and Human Rights: From the Abolition of British Slavery to the AIDS Crisis and Injustices Beyond and In-Between West Carter High School, Olive Hill, KY May 2014 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE College Heights Herald, WKU Sept. 2014- Editor-in-chief, other roles May 2018 Reporter, Louisville Courier Journal May 2017- News Internt Aug. 2017 Reporter, Lexington Herald Leader May 2016- Feature Intern July 2016 AWARDS & HONORS Magna Cum Laude, WKU, May 2018 Kentucky Press Association Awards, KPA, 2015-2018 Newspaper Pacemaker, Associated Collegiate Press, 2017 PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS Lambda Pi Eta, National Communication Association Omicron Delta Kappa (ODK) INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE Cardiff, Bangor, Aberstywth Universities, Wales May 2015- US-UK Fulbright Commission July 2015 PRESENTATIONS Henderson, Andrew. (2017, March). Journalism and Human Rights: From the Abolition of British Slavery to the AIDS Crisis and Injustices Beyond and In-Between. Presentation. Presented at the WKU Student Research Conference. Bowling Green, KY. vii CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vi Vita .................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 The Advocate for Antislavery ........................................................................................... 15 The Princess of the Press .................................................................................................. 36 The Chronicler of a Community ....................................................................................... 57 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 77 References ......................................................................................................................... 88 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Newsroom of the New York Times. ...................................................................... 5 Figure 2 "The Anti-slavery Convention 1840" ................................................................. 16 Figure 3 A diagram of the slave ship the "Brookes" ........................................................ 31 Figure 4 A portrait of Ida B. Wells ................................................................................... 37 Figure 5 18 year-old Jesse Washington lynched in Texas ................................................ 53 Figure 6 A portrait of Randy Shilts................................................................................... 58 Figure 7 San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk .............................................................. 65 Figure 8 "Liberty leading the people" ............................................................................... 87 ix INTRODUCTION A March 25, 2018 story on the front page of the Louisville Courier-Journal focused on a group of high student journalists from DuPont Manual High School reporting on the March for Our Lives event in Washington D.C. Headlined, “'We're the ones that are dying': Manual students attend, cover 'March for Our Lives' in D.C.,” the lead of the story makes an interesting point. These high school journalists were among the thousands of teenagers gathered in the nation’s capital. As journalists,
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