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Theropod Dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of the South Pyrenees Basin of Spain

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Theropod Dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of the South Pyrenees Basin of Spain Theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of the South Pyrenees Basin of Spain ANGELICA TORICES, PHILIP J. CURRIE, JOSE IGNACIO CANUDO, and XABIER PEREDA-SUBERBIOLA Torices, A., Currie, P.J., Canudo, J.I., and Pereda-Suberbiola, X. 2015. Theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of the South Pyrenees Basin of Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (3): 611–626. The dinosaur record in the South Pyrenees Basin is diverse and rich. A total of 142 theropod teeth were studied for this paper, which constitutes one of the richest samples for these remains in Europe. Eight upper Campanian to upper Maastrichtian outcrops from the Pyrenees produced six non-avian theropod taxa (Theropoda indet., Coelurosauria indet., ?Richardoestesia, ?Dromaeosauridae indet., ?Pyroraptor olympius, ?Paronychodon). These six taxa are added to two previously described theropods (a Richardoestesia-like form and a possible ornithomimosaurid), indicating that there was considerable theropod diversity on the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Cretaceous. Key words: Dinosauria, Theropoda, teeth, Cretaceous, Spain, South Pyrenees. Angelica Torices [[email protected]] and Philip J. Currie [[email protected]], Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405 Biological Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. José Ignacio Canudo [[email protected]], Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univer- sidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola [[email protected]], Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/ EHU), Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Dpto. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Received 12 October 2012, accepted 28 October 2013, available online 30 October 2013. Copyright © 2015 A. Torices et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. the rest of Spain (Pol et al. 1992; Pereda-Suberbiola 1999b, Introduction Prieto-Márquez et al. 2000; Company 2004). On the Iberian Peninsula, few theropod teeth have been Institutional abbreviations.—AMNH, American Natural recovered in association with their cranial and postcranial History Museum, New York, USA; DPM, Departamento de skeletal remains. In southern Europe, isolated theropod teeth Paleontología de Madrid, Complutense University of Ma- tend to be scattered amongst the remains of other dinosaurs, drid, Spain; MCNA, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava, and have no relation to skeletal remains attributable to any Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; MPZ, Museo Paleontológico, Uni- defined theropod taxon (Buffetaut and Le Loeuff 1991). Py- versidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. roraptor olympius is an exception in that two isolated teeth were associated with postcranial skeletal remains (Allain and Other abbreviations.—FABL, fore-aft-basal length; PCA, Taquet 2000). The vast majority of Upper Cretaceous (Cam- principal components analysis. panian–Maastrichtian) theropod fossils in Europe consist of isolated teeth, and they provide the greatest potential for identifying which theropod taxa were present in the region. Material and methods The dinosaur record in the South Pyrenees Basin is rich, comprising 147 dinosaur sites that can be assigned to four Eight localities (from east to west: Laño in Treviño; Blasi 1, time intervals from late Campanian to late Maastrichtian 2B and 3 in Huesca; Vicari 4, Montrebei, Figuerola 2, and (López-Martínez 2003b). In this paper, teeth are used to Fontllonga 6 in Lleida) produced the 142 theropod teeth used identify the Upper Cretaceous theropod dinosaurs from this in this study. Laño, the richest site, produced 120 of these region. Laño is the richest site for theropod teeth in this area, teeth. The sample is relatively small, when compared with and for the Upper Cretaceous of Europe. Outside of the South Upper Cretaceous North American sites, each of which can Pyrenees Basin, fewer than a dozen teeth have been found in produce up to thousands of specimens (Currie et al. 1990; Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 60 (3): 611–626, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2012.0121 612 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 60 (3), 2015 Farlow et al. 1991; Sankey 2001; Sankey et al. 2002; Sam- man et al. 2005; Smith 2005). However, for Europe, this is one of the largest Cretaceous theropod tooth samples that has been examined. Several publications (Csziki and Grig- orescu 1998; Codrea et al. 2002; Laurent et al. 2002; Allain and Pereda-Suberbiola 2003; Smith et al. 2005) mention European theropod teeth without providing figures on their abundances. Where numbers are given, the sample varies from one to 58 (Buffetaut et al. 1986, 1988; Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell 1991, 1992; Sigé et al. 1997; Le Loeuff and Buffetaut 1998; Allain and Taquet 2000; Garcia et al. 2000; Laurent 2002; Lindgren et al. 2009; Ösi et al. 2010). Theropod teeth were measured for this study using a Lei- ca Wild M-10 stereo microscope. Measurements included: crown height, fore-aft-basal length (FABL), basal width of the crown, anterior denticle density, and posterior denticle density. The last two measurements were recorded as the number of denticles per millimeter, and were taken at the mid-heights of the carinae. Qualitative characteristics (such as the shape of a denticle) were noted, as these are often important in the identification of theropod teeth (Currie et al. 1990). For example, Troodon teeth have strongly hooked denticles, velociraptorine teeth have distally-hooked and sharply-pointed denticles, and dromaeosaurines and other theropods have denticles that are squared-off and chisel-like distally. The presence of longitudinal ridges was noted, as this is common in teeth attributed to Paronychodon lacustris. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 21.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Win- dows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). A total of 650 teeth—representing 21 species and eleven families—were included in these analyses. Bivariate analyses of the Pyrene- an sample and taxa were compared with a sample of a further 17 theropod species, largely from North America, but with some South American (Aucasaurus, Mapusaurus) and Asian (Fukuiraptor, Tarbosaurus) species. These analyses were performed to compare the relationship between tooth size and denticles per millimeter. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to separate the specimens according to the variance of the height, FABL, basal width, and denticle Fig. 1. A. Locations of the palaeontological sites of Laño, Vicari 4, Mon- size. The data were log-transformed for the analyses. trebei, Fontllonga 6, Figuerola 2, and Blasi. B. Correlation of the upper- Three discriminant analyses were performed on the most Cretaceous and lowermost Tertiary deposits in the southern Pyrenees, log-transformed values of the Pyrenean sample to verify the showing the stratigraphic levels of the studied localities. MPU, Mid-Paleo- cene unconformity; S1, S2, depositional sequences (Robador 2005). preliminary assignments of the specimens. Analyses were carried out at both species and family level. pollen (Galbrun et al. 1993; López-Martínez et al. 1998; López-Martínez 2003a) and magnetostratigraphy (Galbrun et al. 1993; López-Martínez et al. 2006; Pereda-Suberbiola et al. Geological setting 2009; Riera et al. 2009). The first site, where practically all the material has been The Late Cretaceous theropod localities considered here are found, is Laño in the Basque-Cantabrian Region. The Laño all located in the South Pyrenees Basin (Garrido Mejías and site (Fig. 1) is situated in an abandoned sand quarry within Ríos Aragües 1972), extending over some 1500 km from east the Condado de Treviño, 25 km south of the city of Vitoria- (Provence, France) to west (Cantabrian Platform), with an av- Gasteiz (Alava province). This quarry is on the south flank of erage width of 200 km from north (Aquitaine Basin) to south the Sub-Cantabrian Synclinorium, a great structure composed (Ebro Basin). The eight sites have been dated by means of mostly of Upper Cretaceous and Palaeogene deposits that ex- biostratigraphy using planktonic foraminifera, charophytes, tend more than 100 km from east to west (Astibia et al. 1987, TORICES ET AL.—LATE CRETACEOUS THEROPOD DINOSAURS FROM SPAIN 613 1990; Baceta et al. 1999). Most of the vertebrate fossils have Blasisaurus in Blasi 1 (Cruzado-Caballero et al. 2010) and been recovered from upper Campanian–lower Maastrichtian Arenysaurus in Blasi 2 (Pereda-Suberbiola et al. 2009). siliciclastic rocks in three beds, known as L1A, L1B, and L2. The sedimentological interpretations of these formations These beds are part of a Late Cretaceous alluvial system com- and their relationships are complex. Several authors have sup- posed mainly of fluvial sand and silt, interpreted as channel ported a model of barrier islands and coastal lagoons for the deposits of an extensive braided river system (Astibia et al. formation of these deposits (Nagtegaal et al. 1983; Diaz-Mo- 1990). Unusually, the fossiliferous beds are associated with lina 1987; Diaz-Molina et al. 2007). According to this mod- iron crusts, and the fossil bones are often covered by iron el, longitudinal platform currents would have built a barrier oxides (Elorza et al. 1999; Pereda-Suberbiola et al. 2000). island that became the Arén Sandstone deposits. After that, Laño has
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