DOCSLIB.ORG

Mabb. in Western Ghats Using Ecological Niche Modeling Cordilea Hannah1,2, Joyce Sudandara Priya E1*, N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mabb. in Western Ghats Using Ecological Niche Modeling Cordilea Hannah1,2, Joyce Sudandara Priya E1*, N https://doi.org/10.21746/ijbpr.2018.7.12.1 ISSN: 2287-6898 International Journal of Bio-Pharma Research Volume 7, Issue 12 (2018) pp.2451-2458 Research Article Open Access Prediction of high CPT yielding ecotypes of Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mabb. in Western Ghats using Ecological Niche Modeling Cordilea Hannah1,2, Joyce Sudandara Priya E1*, N. Kasthuri Bhai3 1Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, East Tambaram, Chennai – 600059, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Women’s Christian College, College Road, Chennai – 600006, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, India. Received: 07-08-2018; Revised: 12-10-2018; Accepted: 23-11-2018 Abstract: Camptothecin (CPT) is one of anticancer drug that is widely used for treating various cancers. In India, the drug is primarily sourced from natural habitats of the red listed species Nothapodytes nimmoniana. Ecological niche models are potential tools to define and predict the “ecological niche” of a species that exhibit ecological variations. The predicted ecological niche of a species indicates their survival fitness against Bioclimatic variables. The habitat suitability was predicted using Maxent for different ecotypes of Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham.) Mabb. In this study the synonymised populations of N. nimmoniana in the Western Ghats were cogitated as five different ecotypes. The predicted habitat suitability of different ecotypes was evaluated and correlated against CPT content using high performance thin layer chromatography. The study shows a significant positive correlation between the predicted habitat quality and chemical content. The ecotypes growing in sites predicted as highly suitable showed high content of camptothecin compared to those growing in poorly suitable sites. Thereby enabling precise identification of “chemical hot-spots” which will eventually establish a strong foot hold on monoculture of the species, an effort towards conservation. Key words: Ecological Niche Modeling, Ecotypes, Habitat Suitability Index, Camptothecin, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Mappia complex, Western Ghats. Introduction Camptothecin (CPT) is the third most sought- (Wight) Sleumer and Mappia foetida Meirs. after anticancer drug which was first This small broad-leaved tree is discovered from the Chinese tree predominantly distributed and endemic to Camptotheca acuminata1-2. However, this the Western Ghats, though it has been drug was subsequently reported in India reported from Sri Lanka, parts of Eastern from Nothapodytes nimmoniana3. Cancer is (Assam) and Northern India (Himalayan not a rarity and is known to affect people all foothills), Myanmar, China and Thailand13. In over the globe. According to world estimates recent years especially in India, there has the most commonly recorded cancers are been an indiscriminate extraction of the lung cancer (12.7%), breast cancer (10.9%) trees from their natural populations due to and colorectal cancer (9.7%) of which breast the enormous demand for the chemical cancer is the most prevalent cancer4-5. CPT worldwide. This has led to a drastic is considered as one of the lifesaving drugs population decline especially in the Western of the 21st century due to its wide range of Ghats, earning it the “vulnerable status”14. anticancer activity6. Irinotecan (CPT11) and The populations of N. nimmoniana in Western Topotecan (TPT), the two water-soluble Ghats exhibit a wide array of morphological, semi-synthetic derivatives of CPT, have been genetical and physiochemical variations at approved by the United States Food and Drug the intra-specific levels13,15-16. These Administration (FDA) for treating breast variations are a result of species complex in cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and N. nimmoniana due to the merging of the five ovarian cancer7-11. They have also been species of Mappia in India i.e. Mappia foetida, approved by the FDA for the treatment of M. oblonga, M. ovata, M. tomentosa & M. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome12. N. wightiana17, under Asian genus Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham.) Mabb. An indigenous i.e. N. nimmoniana. In the present study Indian tree was formerly known as N. foetida these synonymized species were considered Corresponding Author: Dr. Joyce Sudandara Priya E., Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, East Tambaram, Chennai – 600059, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbpr.2018.7.12.1 Page | 2451 Cordilea Hannah et al., International Journal of Bio-Pharma Research, 7.12 (2018) pp. 2451-2458 as different ecotypes instead of either one this study would serve as a direct platform species or synonymized species and the in identifying suitable sites for agro biomarker compound (CPT) was studied. economic purposes in turn reducing the pressure on the dwindling natural habitats of The niche of a species is a multidimensional the species as a whole. ecological space controlled by the biotic and abiotic variables that are necessary for their Materials and Methods survival, growth and reproduction18. Sample collection: Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) are The plant samples of the five ecotypes were predictive distribution models that combine collected from different parts of Western the known geographic distribution of a Ghats based on the literature. To map the species with environmental factors like distribution of the species primary data on climate and topography and thereby predict the occurrence of the species was recorded the possible spatial occurrence of a during field visits using Global Positioning species19-20. The overwhelming applications System (GPS) Garmin GLX – 12. These points of ENM to diverse biodiversity processes were then digitized on to the GIS software such as predicting the habitat suitability and i.e. Mapinfo Professional v.7.1 using the spatial distribution of a species21-23 has Southeast Asia layer from Mapmaker ver. made it a well-founded and a reliable 1.1.1. approach. Using these modeling techniques Chemical Extraction: one can identify the areas that are most o suitable to least suitable for the occurrence Samples collected were oven dried at 65 C for 72 hours. Dried leaves (1g) were ground of the species24. The plant species not only prior to extraction in 80% ethanol for 2 h at thrive well in the location predicted as good 50°C. Extraction was repeated with fresh by ENM but also exhibit better fitness traits 80% ethanol for a further 1 hr. The combined when compared to species in the poorly 25-26 extracts were filtered through Whatman No. suitable habitats . 1 filter paper and concentrated under reduced pressure at 20-40kPa at 45°C using Secondary metabolites in plants are a rotary evaporator (Buchi Rotovapor, produced as a part of their normal Switzerland). physiological activity and or in response to 27 abiotic or biotic stresses . They also confer HPTLC Analysis: fitness to the plants and serve as an Extracts were concentrated under vacuum adaptive trait during natural selection28. and dissolved in methanol (made upto 1 ml) Leaves, the major photosynthetic organs for HPTLC analysis. Standard (CPT) of show vivid plastic responses in fluctuating different concentrations (Std C1-C5) were growth conditions29. In Nothapodytes loaded along with samples on to the HPTLC nimmoniana leaves serves as sites of CPT plate (60 F254, E. Merck, Germany, 20.0 X 10.0 synthesis30 and also showed variation in cm) with an automatic TLC applicator their content according to geographical Linomat V with N2 flow (CAMAG, Switzerland). The HPTLC plates were locations31. Roja and Heble32 showed that developed using ethyl acetate, Chloroform the shoots of mature trees had 0.075% of and methanol (5:4.5:0.5, v/v) as the mobile CPT. Moreover, the presence of chiral ring in phase in the twin CAMAG trough glass tank. the CPT structure make it uneconomical for Each plate was developed to a height of 10 artificial synthesis of this compound at 33 cm. After development, the plates were commercial level , which has paved way for taken out and dried, then the spots were the direct dependence of pharmaceutical visualized in UV light (UV cabinet, CAMAG, companies for the compound from natural Switzerland) at 254 nm and 366 nm resources. Thus, in the present study we respectively. CPT content was quantified have developed a rational where ENM has using Camag TLC scanner 3 which is been used as a probe tool to identify equipped with Wincat software. The plate ecotypes that have high CPT content. These was scanned at wavelengths of 366 nm UV predictions will aid in unravelling biological (deuterium lamp) absorption-detection hotspots of elite ecotypes with high CPT mode. A calibration curve was calculated by content, thereby strategizing conservation plotting concentration versus spot area of and commercial cultivation. The outcome of the compound. A known amount of plant http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbpr.2018.7.12.1 Page | 2452 Cordilea Hannah et al., International Journal of Bio-Pharma Research, 7.12 (2018) pp. 2451-2458 extract was spotted on TLC plate and CPT prediction. After the Bioclimatic profile or was quantified using the above calibration parameters is obtained, the programme curve identifies all the possible locations on the grid with similar environmental Environmental data characteristics to produce a map of the Nineteen Bioclimatic variables from the potential distribution of species 36. The niche Worldclim database version 1.4 were used map was developed at the resolution of 1 for developing Ecological Niche Models Km2. The program generates the percentile (www.worldBioclim.org). The data was values against the niche modeling downloaded from IPCC 3rd Assessment information and predicts three categories of (www.ccafs-climate.org/data), at a spatial habitat suitability: Excellent, Medium and resolution of 1 km2 (30 arc seconds). Bioclim Low. To test the efficiency of the model values were extracted for each record and prediction, the CPT content was estimated the co-linearity between the different across three niche categories.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forest Inventory and Analysis National Core Field Guide
    National Core Field Guide, Version 5.1 October, 2011 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE VOLUME I: FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS Version 5.1 National Core Field Guide, Version 5.1 October, 2011 Changes from the Phase 2 Field Guide version 5.0 to version 5.1 Changes documented in change proposals are indicated in bold type. The corresponding proposal name can be seen using the comments feature in the electronic file. • Section 8. Phase 2 (P2) Vegetation Profile (Core Optional). Corrected several figure numbers and figure references in the text. • 8.2. General definitions. NRCS PLANTS database. Changed text from: “USDA, NRCS. 2000. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 January 2000). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. FIA currently uses a stable codeset downloaded in January of 2000.” To: “USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 January 2010). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. FIA currently uses a stable codeset downloaded in January of 2010”. • 8.6.2. SPECIES CODE. Changed the text in the first paragraph from: “Record a code for each sampled vascular plant species found rooted in or overhanging the sampled condition of the subplot at any height. Species codes must be the standardized codes in the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS database (currently January 2000 version). Identification to species only is expected. However, if subspecies information is known, enter the appropriate NRCS code. For graminoids, genus and unknown codes are acceptable, but do not lump species of the same genera or unknown code.
    [Show full text]
  • Character Evolution and Missing (Morphological) Data Across Asteridae Gregory W
    Article Type: Special Issue Article RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: Using and Navigating the Plant Tree of Life Short Title: Stull et al.—Asteridae character evolution Character evolution and missing (morphological) data across Asteridae Gregory W. Stull1,5, Melanie Schori2, Douglas E. Soltis3,4, and Pamela S. Soltis4 Manuscript received 11 July 2017; revision accepted 8 December 2017. 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 2 United States Department of Agriculture, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2305 USA 3 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525 USA 4 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA 5 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Citation: Stull, G. W., M. Schori, D. E. Soltis, and P. S. Soltis. 2018. Character evolution and missing (morphological) data across Asteridae. American Journal of Botany 105(3): XXX. DOI: XXXX Author Manuscript This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1050 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Our current understanding of flowering plant phylogeny provides an excellent framework for exploring various aspects of character evolution through comparative analyses. However, attempts to synthesize this phylogenetic framework with extensive morphological data sets have been surprisingly rare. Here, we explore character evolution in Asteridae (asterids), a major angiosperm clade, using an extensive morphological data set and a well-resolved phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Cómo Citar El Artículo Número Completo Más Información Del
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Hernández-Urban, Humberto Adrián; Angulo, Diego F.; Lascurain-Rangel, Maite; Avendaño-Reyes, Sergio; Can, Lilia Lorena; Stull, Gregory W.; Duno de Stefano, Rodrigo Systematics and phylogeny of Oecopetalum (Metteniusaceae), a genus of trees endemic to North and Central America Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 67, núm. 4, 2019, Julio-Septiembre, pp. 888-900 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: 10.15517/RBT.V67I4.33367 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965829016 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Systematics and phylogeny of Oecopetalum (Metteniusaceae), a genus of trees endemic to North and Central America Humberto Adrián Hernández Urban1, Diego F. Angulo2, Maite Lascurain-Rangel3, Sergio Avendaño-Reyes4, Lilia Lorena Can5, Gregory W. Stull6 & Rodrigo Duno de Stefano5,7* 1. Maestría en Biociencias, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, 11340 México, D.F., México; [email protected] 2. Departamento de Ecología, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, AP 4-116, Colonia Itzimna, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, México; [email protected] 3. Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México; [email protected] 4. Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Years of Change in the Flora of the Carolinas
    EUPHORBIACEAE 353 Tragia urticifolia Michaux, Nettleleaf Noseburn. Pd (GA, NC, SC, VA), Cp (GA, SC), Mt (SC): dry woodlands and rock outcrops, particularly over mafic or calcareous rocks; common (VA Rare). May-October. Sc. VA west to MO, KS, and CO, south to FL and AZ. [= RAB, F, G, K, W; = T. urticaefolia – S, orthographic variant] Triadica Loureiro 1790 (Chinese Tallow-tree) A genus of 2-3 species, native to tropical and subtropical Asia. The most recent monographers of Sapium and related genera (Kruijt 1996; Esser 2002) place our single naturalized species in the genus Triadica, native to Asia; Sapium (excluding Triadica) is a genus of 21 species restricted to the neotropics. This conclusion is corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Wurdack, Hoffmann, & Chase (2005). References: Kruijt (1996)=Z; Esser (2002)=Y; Govaerts, Frodin, & Radcliffe-Smith (2000)=X. * Triadica sebifera (Linnaeus) Small, Chinese Tallow-tree, Popcorn Tree. Cp (GA, NC, SC): marsh edges, shell deposits, disturbed areas; uncommon. May-June; August-November, native of e. Asia. With Euphorbia, Chamaesyce, and Cnidoscolus, one of our few Euphorbiaceous genera with milky sap. Triadica has become locally common from Colleton County, SC southward through the tidewater area of GA, and promises to become a serious weed tree (as it is in parts of LA, TX, and FL). [= K, S, X, Y, Z; = Sapium sebiferum (Linnaeus) Roxburgh – RAB, GW] Vernicia Loureiro 1790 (Tung-oil Tree) A genus of 3 species, trees, native of se. Asia. References: Govaerts, Frodin, & Radcliffe-Smith (2000)=Z. * Vernicia fordii (Hemsley) Airy-Shaw, Tung-oil Tree, Tung Tree. Cp (GA, NC): planted for the oil and for ornament, rarely naturalizing; rare, introduced from central and western China.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2021, 13(2):09-14
    Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2021, 13(2):09-14 ISSN : 0975-7384 Review Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 The Panoramic View on Pharmacological and Pharmacognostic Profile of Mappia foetida Manisha Godhaniya1*and Tejas Ganatra2 1M Pharm, Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot-360020, Gujarat, India. 2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot-360020, Gujarat, India ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Mappia foetida is from family icacinaceae and is commonly known as Amruta, kalgur or Narkya. Mappia foetida now renamed as Nothapodytes nimmoniana is a moderate sized tree which grows up to 4-10 mts high. There are 11 species occurring in Central America, the West Indies and Asia. The type species for the genus is Mappia racemosa. This plant has anti-cancer properties which has made it an endangered species. It is being exploited clandestinely in the domestic market and is also shipped abroad. The profit potential is enormous as the alkaloid camptothecin is extracted from the plant. This alkaloid is an essential component of chemotherapy. It also contains 3-ketooctadec- cis-15-enoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid. The active component is camptothecin and its maximum in leaves, and effective in colon, gastric, ovarian, lung cancer. The alkaloid camptothecins has anti-tumour activity based on their binding to and inhibition of topoisomerase i, a nuclear enzyme which reduces torsional stress during DNA replication. This valuable medicinally important tree due its commercial importance is being over exploited. The only alternative is to cultivate the tree and avoid wild collections.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reassessment of Mappia (Icacinaceae) Taxonomy Using Environmental Data Una Reevaluación De La Taxonomía De Mappia (Icacinaceae) Utilizando Datos Ambientales
    Research article A reassessment of Mappia (Icacinaceae) taxonomy using environmental data Una reevaluación de la taxonomía de Mappia (Icacinaceae) utilizando datos ambientales Rodrigo Duno De Stefano1 , Israel Loera2 , Diego F. Angulo3,4 Abstract: Background and Aims: Mappia (Icacinaceae) is a genus comprising four species inhabiting Mesoamerica and the Greater Antilles. In the most recent phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, three species, representing a continental clade (Mappia longipes, M. mexicana and M. multiflora) sister to the Antillean species M. racemosa, were supported. Our aims in this study were to evaluate whether environmental data support the previous hypothesis in Mappia entities. Methods: In this study, we use ecological niche analysis (environmental niche modeling and niche divergence/conservatism tests) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to test the previous morphological hypothesis at species and infraspecific level. Key results: Ecological differentiation between M. multiflora distributed from southeast Mexico to Costa Rica and M. racemosa occurring in Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles) was found, but not between the infraspecific taxa within the Antilles (M. racemosa var. brachycarpa, and M. racemosa var. racemosa). Conclusions: Our study brings an important signal of the ecological divergence between closely related species, but with disjunct patterns of distribution. Key words: Central America, environmental niche modeling, Greater Antilles, Neotropics. Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Mappia (Icacinaceae) es un género de cuatro especies que habitan Mesoamérica y las Antillas Mayores. El más reciente análisis filogenético del género basado en datos morfológicos apoyó la existencia de un clado continental formado porMappia longipes, M. mexicana y M. multiflora como grupo hermano de M.
    [Show full text]
  • Character Evolution and Missing (Morphological) Data Across Asteridae
    RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: Using and Navigating the Plant Tree of Life Character evolution and missing (morphological) data across Asteridae Gregory W. Stull1,5, Melanie Schori2, Douglas E. Soltis3,4, and Pamela S. Soltis4 Manuscript received 11 July 2017; revision accepted 8 December PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Our current understanding of flowering plant phylogeny provides 2017. an excellent framework for exploring various aspects of character evolution through 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of comparative analyses. However, attempts to synthesize this phylogenetic framework with Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA extensive morphological data sets have been surprisingly rare. Here, we explore character 2 United States Department of Agriculture, National Germplasm evolution in Asteridae (asterids), a major angiosperm clade, using an extensive morphological Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2305, USA data set and a well- resolved phylogeny. 3 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA METHODS: We scored 15 phenotypic characters (spanning chemistry, vegetative anatomy, and 4 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, floral, fruit, and seed features) across 248 species for ancestral state reconstruction using a Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA phylogenetic framework based on 73 plastid genes and the same 248 species. 5 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) KEY RESULTS: Iridoid production, unitegmic ovules, and cellular endosperm were all Citation: Stull, G. W., M. Schori, D. E. Soltis, and P. S. Soltis. 2018. Character evolution and missing (morphological) data across reconstructed as synapomorphic for Asteridae. Sympetaly, long associated with asterids, Asteridae. American Journal of Botany 105(3): 470–479.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Flora Vol 4
    THE GLOBAL FLORA © 2018 Plant Gateway Ltd. A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world ISSN 2398-6336 eISSN 2398-6344 www.plantgateway.com/globalflora/ eISBN 978-0-9929993-6-0 i Published online 9 February 2018 PLANT GATEWAy’s THE GLOBAL FLORA A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1 February 2018 The Global Flora A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world Special Edition, GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1, Vol. 4: 1-155. Published by Plant Gateway Ltd., 5 Baddeley Gardens, Bradford, BD10 8JL, United Kingdom © Plant Gateway 2018 This work is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant col- lective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Plant Gateway Ltd. ISSN 2398-6336 eISSN 2398-6344 ISBN 978-0-9929993-5-3 eISBN 978-0-9929993-6-0 Plant Gateway has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLS for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this work, and does not guarantee that any con- tent on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library For information or to purchase other Plant Gateway titles please visit www.plantgateway.com Cover image: Hakea plurijuga (F.Muell.) Christenh. & Byng © Maarten Christenhusz Editors Maarten J.M. Christenhusz Plant Gateway, Bradford & Kingston, United Kingdom and Den Haag, the Netherlands Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. [email protected] Michael F.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolving Basal Lamiid Phylogeny and the Circumscription of Icacinaceae with a Plastome-Scale Data Set1
    RESEARCH ARTICLE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set 1 Gregory W. Stull2,3,5 , Rodrigo Duno de Stefano 4 , Douglas E. Soltis 2,3 , and Pamela S. Soltis 3 PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Major relationships within Lamiidae , an asterid clade with ~40 000 species, have largely eluded resolution despite two decades of intensive study. The phylogenetic positions of Icacinaceae and other early-diverging lamiid clades (Garryales, Metteniusaceae, and Oncothecaceae) have been particularly problematic, hindering classifi cation and impeding our understanding of early lamiid (and euasterid) character evolution. METHODS: To resolve basal lamiid phylogeny, we sequenced 50 plastid genomes using the Illumina sequencing platform and combined these with avail- able asterid plastome sequence data for more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses. KEY RESULTS: Our analyses resolved basal lamiid relationships with strong support, including the circumscription and phylogenetic position of the enig- matic Icacinaceae. This greatly improved basal lamiid phylogeny off ers insight into character evolution and facilitates an updated classifi cation for this clade, which we present here, including phylogenetic defi nitions for 10 new or converted clade names. We also off er recommendations for applying this classifi cation to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system, including the recognition of a reduced Icacinaceae, an expanded Metteniusaceae, and two orders new to APG: Icacinales (Icacinaceae + Oncothecaceae) and Metteniusales (Metteniusaceae). CONCLUSIONS: The lamiids possibly radiated from an ancestry of tropical trees with inconspicuous fl owers and large, drupaceous fruits, given that these morphological characters are distributed across a grade of lineages (Icacinaceae, Oncothecaceae, Metteniusaceae) subtending the core lamiid clade (Bor- aginales, Gentianales, Lamiales, Solanales, Vahlia ).
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Studies in Asterids Emphasising Euasterids II
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 761 Evolutionary Studies in Asterids Emphasising Euasterids II BY JESPER KÅREHED ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2002 Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Systematic Botany presented at Uppsala University 2002 Abstract Kårehed, J. 2002. Evolutionary Studies in Asterids emphasising Euasterids II. Acta Univ. Ups. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 761. 50 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5436-4. This thesis deals with evolutionary relationships within the asterids, a group of plants comprising about one-third of all flowering plants. Two new families are recognised: Pennantiaceae and Stemonuraceae. The woody Pennantia from New Zealand and Australia is the sole genus of Pennantiaceae. Stemonuraceae consist of a dozen woody genera with a pantropical distribution and a centre of diversity in South East Asia and the Malesian islands. They are characterised by long hairs on their stamens and/or fleshy appendages on their fruits. Both families were formerly included in Icacinaceae. While Pennantiaceae are unrelated to any of the former Icacinaceae and placed in the order Apiales, other former Icacinaceae genera are related to Cardiopteris, a twining herb from South East Asia and Malesia. The monogeneric family Cardiopteridaceae is enlarged as to include also these. Cardiopteridaceae and Stemonuraceae are sister groups and placed in Aquifoliales. The three other families of Aquifoliales are monogeneric and closely related. The Asian Helwingiaceae and the Central/South American Phyllonomaceae are suggested to be merged into Aquifoliaceae (hollies). The genera of Icacinaceae in the traditional sense not placed in any of the above families (all euasterids II) are members of early diverging lineages of the euasterids I and possibly included in the order Garryales.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Phylogenomic Analyses of Asterids Conflict with Plastome Trees and Support Novel Relationships Among Major Lineages Gregory W
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Short Title: Stull et al.—Nuclear phylogenomics of Asteridae Nuclear phylogenomic analyses of asterids conflict with plastome trees and support novel relationships among major lineages Gregory W. Stull1,2,7, Pamela S. Soltis3,4, Douglas E. Soltis3,4,5, Matthew A. Gitzendanner5, and Stephen A. Smith6 Manuscript received 26 January 2019; revision accepted 25 February 2020. 1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China 2 Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA 3 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 4 Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 5 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 6 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA 7 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Citation: Stull, G. W., P. S. Soltis, D. E. Soltis, M. A. Gitzendanner, and S. A. Smith. 2020. Nuclear phylogenomic analyses of asterids conflict with plastome trees and support novel relationships among major lineages. American Journal of Botany 107(5): XXXX. DOI: XXXX PREMISE: Discordance between nuclear and organellar phylogenies (cytonuclear discordance) is a well-documented phenomenon at shallow evolutionary levels but has been poorly investigated at deep levels of plant phylogeny. Determining the extent of cytonuclear discordance across major plant lineages is essential not only for elucidating evolutionary processes, but also for evaluating the currently used framework of plant phylogeny, which is Author Manuscript Author largely based on the plastid genome. This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.
    [Show full text]
  • A Universal Probe Set for Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes from Any Flowering Plant Designed Using K-Medoids Clustering
    Copyedited by: YS MANUSCRIPT CATEGORY: Systematic Biology Syst. Biol. 0(0):1–13, 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syy086 A Universal Probe Set for Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes from Any Flowering Plant Designed Using k-Medoids Clustering , ,∗ , , MATTHEW G. JOHNSON1 2 ,LISA POKORNY3,STEVEN DODSWORTH3 4,LAURA R. BOTIGUÉ3 5,ROBYN S. COWAN3,ALISON , Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/sysbio/syy086/5237557 by Texas Tech Univ. Libraries user on 09 January 2019 DEVAULT6,WOLF L. EISERHARDT3 7,NIROSHINI EPITAWALAGE3,FÉLIX FOREST3,JAN T. K IM3,JAMES H. LEEBENS-MACK8, , , , , ILIA J. LEITCH3,OLIVIER MAURIN3,DOUGLAS E. SOLTIS9 10,PAMELA S. SOLTIS9 10,GANE KA-SHU WONG11 12 13,WILLIAM , J. BAKER3, AND NORMAN J. WICKETT2 14 1Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 2Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA; 3Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK; 4School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; 5Centre for Research
    [Show full text]