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Think Cycling! Think Cycling! A Guide for Local Authorities The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport UK – Cycling Forum www.ciltuk.org.uk/pages/cycling You always know when you’re going to arrive. If you go by car, you don’t. Apart from anything else, I prefer cycling. It puts you in a good mood, I find. Alan Bennett, Playwright About the authors Think Cycling! has been written by members of the CILT UK Cycling Forum, led by David Hurdle. All photographs: David Hurdle, unless otherwise stated. Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport UK (CILT UK) Cycling Forum Logistics and transport professionals work across a wide variety of disciplines and modes, and we are the Chartered Institute for everyone, wherever they are in the profession. We operate through our structure of Professional Sectors that provide specialist activity for a particular area of interest whilst continuing to offer plenty of opportunity for involvement across the whole spectrum. Each Professional Sector provides a clear window into the work of the Forums and Regional Groups, as well as access to national events and all the activities of the Institute. The Cycling Forum forms part of the Institute’s Active Travel & Transport Planning professional sector. Further information The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in the UK Membership Services, Earlstrees Court, Earlstrees Road, Corby, Northants NN17 4AX Tel: 01536 740104 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ciltuk.org.uk Permission to use of this document Provided there is an acknowledgement of the source, Think Cycling! published by CILT(UK), permission is granted to use any part of this document. © 2011 CILT(UK) and the Authors ISBN: 978-1-904564-38-6 Think Cycling! A Guide for Local Authorities Guide contents The aim of this guide 1 Cycle routes 3 Case Study 1: Reallocation of roadspace Cycle facilities 7 Case Study 2: Cycle centre FACT: 25% of Cambridge Case Study 3: Cycle centre commuters cycle to work Case Study 4: Staircase cycle channels compared with 3% nationally. Cycling promotion 14 Case Study 5: Signage Case Study 6: Station travel plans Further information 21 1 The aim of this guide The aim of this ‘how to do it’ guide is to 3. Junction treatment, hazard site treatment, encourage more provision of practical and traffic management cost-effective cycling measures by local 4. Reallocation of carriageway space planning and transport authorities by 5. Cycle tracks away from roads highlighting good practice drawn from: 6. Conversion of footways/footpaths to shared • Innovative local authorities. use for pedestrians and cyclists. • Department for Transport Sustainable Travel This is one of the key design tools to be found Demonstration Towns. in LTN2/08. Other tools include the five core • Department for Transport Cycling principles (Convenience, Accessibility, Safety, Demonstration Towns. Comfort and Attractiveness), consideration of • Activities of Cycling England and Sustrans the needs of different types of cyclist, and the working with local authorities. use of a table of speed and volume as an • Department for Transport Local Transport indication of suitable types of provision for Note 2/08 Cycle Infrastructure Design. cyclists. Between them, they cover the variety The last mentioned, see: of factors to be taken into account when developing and designing cycle routes. www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/tpm/ltnotes/ ltn208.pdf It is not always possible to develop an area network in one go and this guide highlights sets out a hierarchy of provision for achieving various measures that could help to build one an area cycle route network through a up. Gradually, if some motorists cycle instead, combination of measures. The priority order for traffic congestion and delays, parking pressures, what to consider first is: air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions will 1. Traffic volume reduction reduce. And, cycling improves health and 2. Traffic speed reduction exercise, and is carbon-free. Think Cycling! A Guide for Local Authorities Of course, everywhere is different, and Benefits of the guide examples shown here may not be appropriate • Demonstrates that investment in cycling in some places. However, the examples may: can be highly cost-effective, relatively • Be a useful starting point. straightforward and achievable, even when • Provide ‘food for thought’. funding is reduced and uncertain; and can • Encourage the seizing of opportunities. bring economic, environmental and health • Show the range of things that are possible. benefits. And some principles, such as using simple • Shows beneficial outcomes from ‘localism’, ‘signage and lineage’ are relevant to anywhere achieved by working in partnership with and are relatively cheap and easy to do. train operators, local cycle groups and communities. Contents • Enables authorities to progress action by ‘building on the evidence’. There are six case studies detailing – location, lead organisation, partners, measures/initiatives • Provides lessons for Local Sustainable and reasoning, cost/value, effects, relevance, Transport Fund, and other, bids. and contact for further information. In short, • Improves sustainable travel policy the ‘making the case’ evidence for implementing development in: cycling measures. Cycling measures can be • Local Transport Plans extremely cost effective as demonstrated by some of the Facts throughout this guide; a vital • Local Development Frameworks consideration during challenging economic • Design Guidance documents conditions when money is reduced and • Local Enterprise Partnerships uncertain. • Public Health responsibilities, for upper 2 tier authorities (subject to the passage of Who the guide is for the Health and Social Care Bill). Officers and councillors of English: • Local transport authorities when implementing stand-alone cycling measures or as part of traffic/highway schemes. • Planning authorities when securing planning conditions and agreements for new developments, and approving Travel Plans. • Either type of authority partnering train operators on Station Travel Plans. Relevant officers are those doing Planning Policy, Development Control, Transport and Sustainable Travel Policy, Travel Plan Co- ordination, Environmental and Public Health and Traffic/Highway Engineering. FACT: Cycling levels increased by an average of 27% in the first six Cycling Demonstration Towns. Analysis shows that “....a sustained and well-designed programme of investment in cycling at about the level of £10 per head of population was sufficient, in every one of the Cycling Demonstration Towns, to achieve an increase in cycling”. Health benefits alone of around £2.50 for every £1.00 spent were generated. Think Cycling! A Guide for Local Authorities Cycle routes Many places have an incomplete network of • Toucan crossings cycle routes. Stopping short of a town centre or • Side road priority crossing no route through it are common problems. The main result from travel surveys is that more • One-way streets made two-way for cyclists people would cycle if there were more cycle • ‘Through’ cul-de-sacs for cyclists; “if an routes and they were safe and direct. existing street is closed off, it should Measures can include: generally remain open to pedestrians and • Traffic reduction cyclists”1 • Lower speed limits • Bus lanes permitting cycling • Junction improvements including Advanced It is vital that local authorities keep track of Stop Lines with feeder lanes available ‘Section 106’ money for cycling • On-road cycle lanes and off-road cycle measures and compile a list of proposed paths schemes to use it on. 3 ‘Fast’ junctions can be made much safer for cyclists, like this one outside Kingston-upon-Thames railway station 1. Department of Communities and Local Government and Department for Transport, 2007, Manual for Streets, Thomas Telford, para. 6.4.2. Cycling on country lanes can feel threatening to riders. Traffic needs to be slowed where a cycle route crosses a main Norfolk County Council uses ‘local dialect’ signs in some road, like at High Kelling, Norfolk places to slow traffic down Advanced Stop Lines with a feeder lane place cyclists in a very visible location, and can be installed relatively cheaply as part of a junction improvement/upgrade 4 Cycle-only access points into supermarket sites can be more direct, and reduce conflicts between cars and bikes, like at Morrisons in Spalding, Lincolnshire; and can be secured through the planning process Safe cycling to schools is especially important now that most schools have met a government target to have Travel Plans by March 2010. Schools need support from local authorities who are essential partners in Travel Plans. This simple application of symbols and the absence of a centre line in a residential road with extensive parking in Lambeth, London, help to raise motorists’ awareness of cyclists. Photography: Roger Smith Toucan crossings, for pedestrians and cyclists, are useful for avoiding creating a gap in a cycle route that crosses a road, like this example in Crawley, West Sussex. 5 Cyclists mix with pedestrians in Leicester’s city centre, where A pedestrian, cycle, and horse crossing, its recently enlarged traffic-free zones permit cycling and all Hyde Park Corner, London one-way streets are two-way for cyclists. This forms a key component of the reinvention and reconfiguration of the city centre, which has seen footfall rise significantly, especially the number of visits by vulnerable road users. An example from Boston, Lincolnshire, of a safe way for an off-road cycle path
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