DOCSLIB.ORG

Opisthobranch Mollusks from the Southern Tropical Pacific' ERNST MARCUS and EVELINE MARCUS2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Opisthobranch Mollusks from the Southern Tropical Pacific' ERNST MARCUS and EVELINE MARCUS2 Opisthobranch Mollusks from the Southern Tropical Pacific' ERNST MARCUS and EVELINE MARCUS2 ABSTRACT : Twenty-four species of opisthobranchs are listed from the southern tropical Pacific Ocean, from Fiji and the Ellice Islands eastward to the Tuamotus. Two new genera are described: Pleurebdera (Pleurobranchidae; type species: P. haraldi n. sp., Tuamotus) and Pllpsiklls (Dorididae; type species: P. pingllis n. sp., Tahiti). Th e following five other new species and subspecies are described and figured : N oumea norba (Dorididae: Chromodoridinae, Viti Levu, Fiji) ; Perono­ doris rebderi (Dorididae: Archidoridinae, Tahiti); Tayuo« ketos jllva (Dorididae: Discodoridinae, Rurutu , Tubuai Islands) ; Phyllidia tula (Phyllidiidae, Nukulaelae, Ellice Islands) ; Phyllidia soria (Tahiti) . The internal anatomy of these species, as well as of many of the previously known species, is described. Many species are recorded from Polynesia for the first time. THE OPISTHOBRANCH MOLLUSKS discussed in and return of this collection through the kind this paper were sent to us for classification by offices of the U. S. General Consulate in Sao Dr. Harald A. Rehder, Smithsonian Institution, Paulo. W ashington, D. C. They were gathered by Dr. Rehder and his collectors in the tropical southern Pacific in an area centering in the LIST OF OPISTHOBRAN CHS DISCUSSED Society Islands and the neighboring Tubu ai Order Anaspid ea Islands. Some species are from the Tuamotus to the east and others from Tonga, Fiji, and the Family Aplysiidae (subfamily Dolabel­ Ellice Islands to the west. The collection com­ linae) prised 24 species, of which 7 are new and 2 1. D olabella aariculari« (Lightfoot) represent new genera. Subfamily Dolabriferinae Certainly a collection made by a resident like 2. Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang) Risbec in N ew Caledonia, with drawings of the Subfamily Notarchinae living animals and observations of their spawn 3. Stylocbeilus longicauda (Quoy and and mode of life, is of greater value than Gaimard) morphological studies on preserved specimens Order Notaspidea collected without drawings and accompanied by inadequate descriptions of their habitat. How­ Superfamily Pleurobranchacea ever, the small number of specialized workers Family Pleurobranchidae (subfamily Pleu­ results in the accumulation of discolored ma­ robranchinae) terial in the museums that would remain useless 4. Oscanius grandis (Pease) , figs. for science if they were not studied the hard 1- 7 way. 5. Plenrebdera haraldi, new genus, We are grateful to Dr. Rehder for allowing new species, figs. 8-12 us to examine this collection, and to him and Dr. Joseph Rosewater, also of the Division of Order Dorioidea Mollusks, Museum of Natural History, Smith­ Suborder Eudoridacea sonian Institution, for arranging the sending Tribe Hexabranchia (family Hexabran­ chidae) 1 Manuscript received June 2, 1969. 6. Hexabrancbus marginatus (Quoy 2 P. O. Box 6994, Sao Paulo, Brazil. D r. Ernst Marcus died on Ju ne 30, 1968. and Gaimard) 155 156 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. 24, April 1970 Tribe Cryptobranchia (family Dorididae) Ecuador, the west coast of Mexico, and the Gulf Subfamily Chromodoridinae of California. 7. Cbromodoris qnadricolor (Riip­ COLLECTINGSTATION S : Society Islands : Pa­ pell and F. S. Leuckart) para, 40 km south of Papeete, Tahiti, in black 8.H ypselodoris d. godeff1'Oya na sand and under coral, depth 1-2 m, 1963, R. L. (Bergh), figs. 13-18 Sixberry, 3 specimens (USNM 576013, 576014, 9. N oumea norba, new species, figs. 576015); Arue, Tahiti, under dead coral rubble, 19-22 Subfamily Miamirinae depth 1.2 m, 1963, R. L. Sixberry, 1 specimen (USNM 575999 ). 10. Casella atromarginat« (Cuvier) 11. Orodoris miamirana Bergh, figs. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES: The shell and the male 23-26 copulatory organ characterize the species. The Subfamily Archidoridinae largest specimen ( 576014) is 140 mm long, 70 12. Peronodoris rebde ri, new species, mm broad, and 58 mm high ; its shell measures figs. 27-30 45 by 24 mm. The animals are nearly smooth, Subfamily Discodoridinae with scarce warts. 13. Sebadoris crosslandi (Eliot) 14. TaYl/va ketos jl/va, new sub­ D olabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828) species, figs. 31, 32 RANGE : Circumtropical and circumsubtropical, Subfamily Platydoridinae (Arginae) but not yet recorded from the American Pacific 15. Platydoris scabra (Cuvier) coast. 16. Pttpsikl/s pingl/is, new genus, new species, figs. 33-39 COLLECTING STATIONS: Society Islands: Wof Tribe Phanerobranchia Point Tiva, Huahine, white sand and algae, Superfamily Nonsuctoria (family Gym­ depth 1.3 m, February 18, 1965, R. L. Sixberry, nodorididae) 4 specimens (USNM 576153) ; Mitirapa, Tahiti, 17. Gymnodoris citrina (Bergh) , fig. September 2, 1964, R. L. Sixberry, 1 specimen 40 ( USN M 576009 ). 18. Gymnodoris striata (Eliot), fig. DESCRIPTIVE NOTE: Due to the subequal 41 prongs of the radular teeth, Pruvot-Fol (195 4, Suborder Porostomata p. 13, fig. 15 on p. 12) considers her spec­ Family Dendrodorididae imens from Tahiti as possibly distinct from D. 19. D endr odoris nigra (Stimpson) dolabrifera. The present material also has such 20. Dendrodoris denisoni (Angas), radular teeth, but, as previously mentioned fig. 42 (Marcus and Burch, 1965, p. 244), they do not Family Phyllidiidae characterize a geographic form but occur also in 21. Phyllidia (Ph yllidia) tnla, new material from the Indian Ocean (Eales, 1944, species, figs. 43- 47 fig. 9A). 22. Phyllidia (Phyllidiella) alllllllata Gray, figs. 48-49 Srylocbeilus longicauda (Quoy and Gaimard, 23. Phyllidia (Phyllidiella) variabilis 1824) (Collingwood), figs. 50-52 RANGE: Circumtropical and circumsubtrop­ 24. Phyllidia (Phyllidiella ) soria, ical; also from the Gulf of California (Marcus new species, figs. 53, 54 and Marcus, 1967, p. 159). D olabella anricularia (Lightfoot, 1786) COLLECTING STATION : Society Islands: Pa­ Dolabella scapnla (Montagu) Engel, 1942, penoo, Tahiti, reef flat, R. L. Sixberry, 3 spec­ pp . 207-234, figs. 6-16; Marcus and Mar­ imens ( USNM 576000). cus, 1960, pp . 894-896, figs. 32-35. DESCRIPTIVE NOTE: The animals have the RANGE : Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and longitudinal black streaks and ocellar spots East Afri ca to Japan and Easter Island ; also typical of the species. Op isthobranchs from South Pacific-MARCUS AND MARCUS 157 Oscanius grandis (Pease, 1868) DESCRIPTION : The preserved animals from Figs. 1- 7 Tahiti are 75 and 65 mm long, 50 and 58 mm Pleurobrancbns grandis Pease, 1868, pp. 78­ broad, and 10 and 11 mm high ; the specimen 79, pi. 10, fig. 2. from Raiatea is larger, 80 mm long, 60 mm Oscanius grandis Pilsbry, 1896, pp. 218 , 219, broad, and 20 mm high. Its foot is 70 mm long, pi. 45, fig. 1. 50 mm broad; the notum , 65 by 60 mm. The Pleurobrancbns (Sm ania) grandis Vayssiere, shell (Fig. 2) lies in fron t of the middl e, and 1898, pp . 375-377, pi. 15, fig. 24. it is 8.4 mm long, 6.0 mm wide in the long er animal from Tahiti, pink and with growth lines. RANGE: Society Islands. The periostracum which fell off fro m the drying shell showed spiral lines, mainly in the apical COLLE CTING STATIONS: Society Islands : Pa­ part. para, 40 km south of Papeete, Tahiti, in black sand and und er coral, 196 3, R. L. Sixberry, 2 The especially well preserved specimen from Raiatea (Fig. 1) is light brown with darker specimens ( USNM 576013 ) ; northeast tip of Motu Iriru, Raiatea, level sandy area, collected centers in the dorsal polygons, and with sharply at night, March 8, 1965 , R. L. Sixberry, 1 delimited dark brown spots. Two big spots lie to the sides in front, a larger one farther back specimen (USNM 675467) . in the middle, and one on the tail passes as a triangular fleck onto the foot. Smaller notal spots are seen in Figure 1. Th e rhinophores, the lapp ets around the genital apertures, the gill , and the inner part of the hyponotum are dark brown. The pigment of the hyponotum con­ tinues onto the back of the foot. The broad and folded penis is light, the sale yellowish grey without flecks. Th e notum bears polygons up to 9 mm in diameter, separated fro m each other by ridges. They are flat except for a central, generally darker knob. The knobs are surrounded by an inner ring of ridg es connected to the outer ridge by radial ones. Small knobs lie in the area be­ tween the two rings. Where the notum is some­ what contracted, irregular concentric bulges appear around the central knobs, and the limits of the polygons are marked as furrows. Spicules or vestiges of spicules were not found. The anterior pedal border is bilabiate; the pink upper lip is slightly shorter and thicker than the lower lip. The posterior pedal gland lies in the dark area and is not very distinct. The frontal veil is small, fur rowed laterally, and blackish brown at its base. The rolled rhino­ phores lie near one another. The gill is about FIGs. 1- 7. Oscanius grandis, 1, Preserved animal half the length of the body. Of its 20 to 22 from Raiatea. 2, Shell. 3, Jaw platelets. 4, Innermost radul ar tooth. 5, Radu lar tooth from middle of half­ plumules on either side of the rhachis, 7 to 10 row. 6, Outermost radular tooth . 7, Diagram of re­ are free from the branchial membrane. The productive organs. main rhachis and the secondary rhachises bear ( a ) Ampulla, (b) bursa, (d) male duct, (m) fe­ tub ercles. The anus is located over the end of male gland mass, ( 0) inner oviduct, (p ) penis , ( q ) prostate, (1') prostatic duct, (s) spermatocys t, the branchial membrane, Bourne 's gland be­ ( v) vagina. tween the genital lappets and the beginning of 158 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. 24, April 1970 the gill. The female aperture opens between sis from Hainan with O. grandis. The sculpture two reddish lips. of the two species is similar, but the color of The buccal armature was examined in the back and foot gland and the lanceolate jaw larger animal from Tahiti.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix to Taxonomic Revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas' Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with Correction
    http://www.natsca.org Journal of Natural Science Collections Title: Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities Author(s): Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud Source: Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud. (2020). Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities. Journal of Natural Science Collections, Volume 7, . URL: http://www.natsca.org/article/2587 NatSCA supports open access publication as part of its mission is to promote and support natural science collections. NatSCA uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ for all works we publish. Under CCAL authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in NatSCA publications, so long as the original authors and source are cited. TABLE 3 – Callaghan et al. WARD AUTHORITY TAXONOMY ORIGINAL SPECIES NAME REVISED SPECIES NAME REVISED AUTHORITY N° (Ward Catalogue 1888) Coelenterata Anthozoa Alcyonaria 1 Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 2 Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766 3 Alcyonium stellatum Milne-Edwards [?] Sarcophyton stellatum Kükenthal, 1910 4 Anthelia glauca Savigny Lamarck, 1816 5 Corallium rubrum Lamarck Linnaeus, 1758 6 Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766 [?] Eunicella verrucosa 7 Kophobelemon (Umbellularia) stelliferum
    [Show full text]
  • Diaphorodoris Luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿Dos “Variedades” O Especies Diferentes?
    Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Departamento de Biología Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ciencias del Mar Diaphorodoris luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿dos “variedades” o especies diferentes? Fernando Cortés Fossati Tutores: Pr. Dr. D. Juan Lucas Cervera Currado, Pr. Dra. Dña. Marta Pola Pérez Por ada: Fotografía modificada de Marta Pola Diaphorodoris luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿dos “variedades” o especies diferentes? Memoria presentada por Fernando Cortés Fossati para optar al Grado de Ciencias del Mar por la Universidad de Cádiz. Fdo.: Fernando Cortés Fossati Puerto Real, 16 de Septiembre de 2016 LA PRESENTE MEMORIA DE TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO HA SIDO TUTORIZADA POR EL PR. DR. JUAN LUCAS CERVERA CURRADO, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CÁDIZ Y POR LA PR. DRA. MARTA POLA PÉREZ, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID Los tutores: Fdo.: Juan Lucas Cervera Currado Fdo.: Marta Pola Pérez Puerto Real, 16 de Septiembre de 2016 ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS ...................................................................................................... 3 RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Sobre la Biodiversidad de los “Invertebrados” en el Medio Marino ................. 9 1.2 El debate acerca de la identidad
    [Show full text]
  • A Radical Solution: the Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae Kristen Cella1, Leila Carmona2*, Irina Ekimova3,4, Anton Chichvarkhin3,5, Dimitry Schepetov6, Terrence M. Gosliner1 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 3 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia, 4 Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 5 A.V. Zhirmunsky Instutute of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 6 National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia a11111 * [email protected] Abstract Tergipedidae represents a diverse and successful group of aeolid nudibranchs, with approx- imately 200 species distributed throughout most marine ecosystems and spanning all bio- OPEN ACCESS geographical regions of the oceans. However, the systematics of this family remains poorly Citation: Cella K, Carmona L, Ekimova I, understood since no modern phylogenetic study has been undertaken to support any of the Chichvarkhin A, Schepetov D, Gosliner TM (2016) A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the proposed classifications. The present study is the first molecular phylogeny of Tergipedidae Nudibranch Family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(12): based on partial sequences of two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) genes and one nuclear e0167800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167800 gene (H3). Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were con- Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, ducted in order to elucidate the systematics of this family. Our results do not recover the tra- UNITED STATES ditional Tergipedidae as monophyletic, since it belongs to a larger clade that includes the Received: July 7, 2016 families Eubranchidae, Fionidae and Calmidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Norwegian Sea Slugs (Nudibranchia): New Species to Norwegian Coastal Waters and New Data on Distribution of Rare Species
    Fauna norvegica 2013 Vol. 32: 45-52. ISSN: 1502-4873 Diversity of Norwegian sea slugs (Nudibranchia): new species to Norwegian coastal waters and new data on distribution of rare species Jussi Evertsen1 and Torkild Bakken1 Evertsen J, Bakken T. 2013. Diversity of Norwegian sea slugs (Nudibranchia): new species to Norwegian coastal waters and new data on distribution of rare species. Fauna norvegica 32: 45-52. A total of 5 nudibranch species are reported from the Norwegian coast for the first time (Doridoxa ingolfiana, Goniodoris castanea, Onchidoris sparsa, Eubranchus rupium and Proctonotus mucro- niferus). In addition 10 species that can be considered rare in Norwegian waters are presented with new information (Lophodoris danielsseni, Onchidoris depressa, Palio nothus, Tritonia griegi, Tritonia lineata, Hero formosa, Janolus cristatus, Cumanotus beaumonti, Berghia norvegica and Calma glau- coides), in some cases with considerable changes to their distribution. These new results present an update to our previous extensive investigation of the nudibranch fauna of the Norwegian coast from 2005, which now totals 87 species. An increase in several new species to the Norwegian fauna and new records of rare species, some with considerable updates, in relatively few years results mainly from sampling effort and contributions by specialists on samples from poorly sampled areas. doi: 10.5324/fn.v31i0.1576. Received: 2012-12-02. Accepted: 2012-12-20. Published on paper and online: 2013-02-13. Keywords: Nudibranchia, Gastropoda, taxonomy, biogeography 1. Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Corresponding author: Jussi Evertsen E-mail: [email protected] IntRODUCTION the main aims.
    [Show full text]
  • E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
    !e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, Bivalves, Sea Snails, Sea Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Tusk Shell
    Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shell Bruce Marshall, Steve O’Shea with additional input for squid from Neil Bagley, Peter McMillan, Reyn Naylor, Darren Stevens, Di Tracey Phylum Aplacophora In New Zealand, these are worm-like molluscs found in sandy mud. There is no shell. The tiny MOLLUSCA solenogasters have bristle-like spicules over Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea almost the whole body, a groove on the underside of the body, and no gills. The more worm-like slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shells caudofoveates have a groove and fewer spicules but have gills. There are 10 species, 8 undescribed. The mollusca is the second most speciose animal Bivalvia phylum in the sea after Arthropoda. The phylum Clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, etc. The shell is name is taken from the Latin (molluscus, soft), in two halves (valves) connected by a ligament and referring to the soft bodies of these creatures, but hinge and anterior and posterior adductor muscles. most species have some kind of protective shell Gills are well-developed and there is no radula. and hence are called shellfish. Some, like sea There are 680 species, 231 undescribed. slugs, have no shell at all. Most molluscs also have a strap-like ribbon of minute teeth — the Scaphopoda radula — inside the mouth, but this characteristic Tusk shells. The body and head are reduced but Molluscan feature is lacking in clams (bivalves) and there is a foot that is used for burrowing in soft some deep-sea finned octopuses. A significant part sediments. The shell is open at both ends, with of the body is muscular, like the adductor muscles the narrow tip just above the sediment surface for and foot of clams and scallops, the head-foot of respiration.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Ellipura Monophyletic? a Combined Analysis of Basal Hexapod
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 4 (2004) 319–340 www.elsevier.de/ode Is Ellipura monophyletic? A combined analysis of basal hexapod relationships with emphasis on the origin of insects Gonzalo Giribeta,Ã, Gregory D.Edgecombe b, James M.Carpenter c, Cyrille A.D’Haese d, Ward C.Wheeler c aDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA bAustralian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia cDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA dFRE 2695 CNRS, De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France Received 27 February 2004; accepted 18 May 2004 Abstract Hexapoda includes 33 commonly recognized orders, most of them insects.Ongoing controversy concerns the grouping of Protura and Collembola as a taxon Ellipura, the monophyly of Diplura, a single or multiple origins of entognathy, and the monophyly or paraphyly of the silverfish (Lepidotrichidae and Zygentoma s.s.) with respect to other dicondylous insects.Here we analyze relationships among basal hexapod orders via a cladistic analysis of sequence data for five molecular markers and 189 morphological characters in a simultaneous analysis framework using myriapod and crustacean outgroups.Using a sensitivity analysis approach and testing for stability, the most congruent parameters resolve Tricholepidion as sister group to the remaining Dicondylia, whereas most suboptimal parameter sets group Tricholepidion with Zygentoma.Stable hypotheses include the monophyly of Diplura, and a sister group relationship between Diplura and Protura, contradicting the Ellipura hypothesis.Hexapod monophyly is contradicted by an alliance between Collembola, Crustacea and Ectognatha (i.e., exclusive of Diplura and Protura) in molecular and combined analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawai`I's Sea Creatures P. 1
    Changes for revised ed - Hawai`i’s Sea Creatures p. 1 Below are the changes made to HAWAII'S SEA CREATURES for the Revised Editiion 11-02-2005 Text to remove is in red strikethrough. Text to add is in blue Sometimes I use blue underlined to show where something is inserted, or to highlight a small change of one or two characters. Boxed paragraphs show complete species accounts in final form after all individual corrections have been made. However I did not do boxed paragraphs for most of the species. ==================================================================================================================== change Copyright 199 8 to Copyright 199 9 -Replace First printing March 1998 with March 1999 p. iv: Add at bottom: Note to the Revised Edition. This revision attempts to bring the book taxonomically up to date as of October 2005. In addition, errors have been corrected, photos improved, new information incorporated, and several species added. For continuing updates please visit http://www.hawaiisfishes.com . Special thanks to Gustav Paulay, Cory Pittman, Pauline Fiene, Chela Zabin, Richard Mooi, Ray Caldwell, Christopher Mah, Alain Crosnier, Alexander Bruce, Leslie Newman, Junji Okuno, Christine Huffard, Mark Norman, Daphne Fautin, Jerry Crow, Ralph DeFelice, Colin McLay, Peter Castro, Arthur Anker, Daryl Feldman and Dale Calder for taxonomical help. This revised edition is dedicated to the memory to Darrell Takaoka, who contributed so much to the first edition. p. vi -line 15: Delete "Pauline Fiene Severns , Kihei, Maui." Should be "Pauline Fiene, Kihei, Maui." p. x -line 1: Replace “There are 30-33 named phyla” with “There are 30-33 named phyla of multicelled animals ” p.
    [Show full text]
  • Nudibranch Neighborhood: the Distribution of Two Nudibranch Species (Chromodoris Lochi and Chromodoris Sp.) in Cook’S Bay, Mo’Orea, French Polynesia Gwen Hubner
    NUDIBRANCH NEIGHBORHOOD: THE DISTRIBUTION OF TWO NUDIBRANCH SPECIES (CHROMODORIS LOCHI AND CHROMODORIS SP.) IN COOK’S BAY, MO’OREA, FRENCH POLYNESIA GWEN HUBNER Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Benthic invertebrates are vital not only for the place they hold in the trophic web of the marine ecosystem, but also for the incredible diversity that they add to the world. This is especially true of the dorid nudibranchs (family Dorididae), a group of specialist predators that are also the most diverse family in a clade of shell-less gastropods. Little work has been done on the roles that environment and behavior play on distribution patterns of dorid nuidbranchs. By carrying out habitat surveys, I found that two species of dorid nudibranchs (Chromodoris lochi and Chromodoris sp.) occupy different habitats in Cook’s Bay. Behavioral interaction tests showed that both species orient more reliably toward conspecifics than toward allospecifics. C. lochi has a greater propensity to aggregate than Chromodoris sp. These findings indicated that the distribution patterns are a result of both habitat preference and aggregation behaviors. Further inquiry into these two areas is needed to make additional conclusions on the forces driving distribution. Information in this area is necessary to inform future conservation decisions. Key words: dorid nudibranchs; Chromodoris lochi; behavior; environment INTRODUCTION rely on sponges for survival in three interconnected ways: as a food source and for Nudibranchs (order Nudibranchia), a their two major defense mechanisms. This diverse clade of marine gastropods, are dependence on specialized prey places dorid unique marine snails that have lost a crucial nudibranchs in an important role in the food means of protection-- their shell.
    [Show full text]
  • 09-A Report(0050)-컬러
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 30, No. 2: 124-131, April 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2014.30.2.124 Short communication A Report on Five New Records of Nudibranch Molluscs from Korea Daewui Jung1,†, Jongrak Lee2, Chang-Bae Kim1,* 1Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea 2Marine Biodiversity Research Institute, INTHESEA KOREA Inc., Jeju 697-110, Korea ABSTRACT The Korean nudibranch faunal study has been conducted since 2011 and five species including Dermatobran- chus otome Baba, 1992, Mexichromis festiva (Angas, 1864), Noumea nivalis Baba, 1937, Hoplodoris armata (Baba, 1993), and Okenia hiroi (Baba, 1938) were newly reported with re-descriptions and figures. Also, Noumea purpurea Baba, 1949 was re-described with illustrations because previous records for this species were given without a description. Two congeneric species in the genus Noumea could be distinguished by ground color, dorsal markings, color of the mantle edge and gills, and mantle and dorsal marking. In addition, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of five species were provided for further molecular identification study. Consequently, a total of 43 species have been reported for the Korean nudi- branch fauna. Keywords: Nudibranchia, taxonomy, Dermatobranchus otome, Mexichromis festiva, Noumea nivalis, Noumea purpurea, Hoplodoris armata, Okenia hiroi, Korea INTRODUCTION They were preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin or 97 % ethanol. A stereoscopic microscope (Olympus SZ-61 with Species in the order Nudibranchia are characterized by a lack FuzhouTucsen TCA-3; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used of shell in adult stage, highly diverse body form and various to examine the specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Nudibranch Range Shifts Associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific
    Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Volume 115 | Issue 1 Article 2 4-26-2016 Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Jeffrey HR Goddard University of California, Santa Barbara, [email protected] Nancy Treneman University of Oregon William E. Pence Douglas E. Mason California High School Phillip M. Dobry See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.oxy.edu/scas Part of the Marine Biology Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Goddard, Jeffrey HR; Treneman, Nancy; Pence, William E.; Mason, Douglas E.; Dobry, Phillip M.; Green, Brenna; and Hoover, Craig (2016) "Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific," Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences: Vol. 115: Iss. 1. Available at: https://scholar.oxy.edu/scas/vol115/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by OxyScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences by an authorized editor of OxyScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Cover Page Footnote We thank Will and Ziggy Goddard for their expert assistance in the field, Jackie Sones and Eric Sanford of the Bodega Marine Laboratory for sharing their observations and knowledge of the intertidal fauna of Bodega Head and Sonoma County, and David Anderson of the National Park Service and Richard Emlet of the University of Oregon for sharing their respective observations of Okenia rosacea in northern California and southern Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biology 79,289-293 (1984) Marine :E:~ Biology @ Springer-Vertag 1984
    Marine Biology 79,289-293 (1984) Marine :E:~ Biology @ Springer-Vertag 1984 Growth, reproduction and mortality of the sea hare Dolabella auricularia (Gastropoda: Aplysiidae) in the Central Visayas, Philippines * D.Pauly1 and H. Calumpong 2 1 International Center for LivingAquatic Resources Management (ICLARM); MCC P.O. Box 1501,Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines 2 Marine Laboratory, Silliman University; Dumaguete City, Philippines Abstract Material and methods The growth parameters WIX) and K of the von Bertalanff)r The growth equation used here to describe the growth of growth equation were estimated from size-frequency data Dolabella auricularia is the well-known von Bertalanff)r of the sea hare Dolabella auricularia using an objective, growth function (VBGF) (for weight growth): computer-based method. The results obtained from two W1= W IX)(1_e-K(t-to»3 . (1) locations in the central Philippines were comparable, although based on only a few individuals; the means for The exponent in Eq. (1) assumes that growth is isometric, both sites were WIX)=493g and K=0.9 (yearly basis). A i.e. that weight is proportional to length cubed. Since it is value of Z = 3.66, corresponding to an annual survival rate extremely difficult to take consistent linear measurements of 2.6%,was estimated for the juveniles and adults from a in aplysiid gastropods (which lack hard parts), the proce- length-converted catch curve. Spawning and recruitment dure used here was to take the cubic root of weights and were found to occur throughout the year with peaks in to treat them - under the assumption of isometry - as May to July and September to October.
    [Show full text]