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Respondent Petition for a Writ of Certiorari

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Respondent Petition for a Writ of Certiorari No. lJn t{Je &uprtmt qtourt of tbe ltniteb ~tau. REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA, Petitioner, V. BG GROUP PLC, Respondent. On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI CARMINE D. BoccuzZI, JR. MATTHEW D. SLATER CLEARY GOTI'LIEB Counsel ofRecord STEEN & HAMILTON LLP TEALE TOWEILL One Liberty Plaza ERIK WITTMAN New York, NY 10006 MATTHEw A. McGUIRE CLEARY GOTI'LIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP 2000 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 974-1500 mslater@cgs h.com Counsel for Petitioner August 2014 Becker Gallagher • Cincinnati, OH • Washington, D.C. • 800.890.5001 i QUESTION PRESENTED Following this Court’s decision in Hall Street Associates v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576 (2008), the lower courts have been in disagreement about whether “manifest disregard of the law” is grounds to vacate an arbitral award, causing confusion which the Court declined to resolve in Stolt-Nielsen S.A. v. Animalfeeds International Corp., 559 U.S. 662, 672 n.3 (2010). The question presented, therefore, is whether a federal court with jurisdiction to vacate an arbitral award under the Federal Arbitration Act may do so on the grounds that the arbitrators acted with manifest disregard of the law – that is, that the arbitrators correctly stated the applicable law, but proceeded to disregard it. ii PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDING BELOW The case caption contains the names of all parties who were parties in the court of appeals. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS QUESTION PRESENTED.................... i PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDING BELOW ...... ii TABLE OF APPENDICES .................... v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.................. vi PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI ...... 1 OPINIONS BELOW ......................... 1 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION............. 1 RELEVANT STATUTORY PROVISIONS ........ 1 STATEMENT OF THE CASE ................. 2 I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND.............. 3 II. THE ARBITRATION ................... 4 III. FEDERAL PROCEEDINGS ............. 7 REASONS FOR GRANTING THE PETITION .... 9 I. THERE IS A DEEP AND SIGNIFICANT CONFLICT AMONG THE COURTS OF APPEALS REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF MANIFEST DISREGARD AS A BASIS FOR VACATING ARBITRAL AWARDS ................. 10 II. ONLY THIS COURT CAN RESOLVE THE DISAGREEMENT ITS DECISIONS HAVE SPAWNED AMONG THE CIRCUITS ABOUT MANIFEST DISREGARD....... 15 iv A. Manifest Disregard Is a Proper and Important Basis for Vacatur.......... 16 B. This Case Provides an Appropriate Vehicle for Resolving Confusion Among the Circuits as to the Legal Basis for the Manifest Disregard Standard......... 18 CONCLUSION ............................ 23 v TABLE OF APPENDICES Appendix A Judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (April 15, 2014) ................. 1a Appendix B Opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States, No. 12-138 (March 5, 2014) ................. 3a Appendix C Opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (January 17, 2012) .............. 51a Appendix D Memorandum Opinion of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (January 21, 2011) .............. 71a Appendix E Memorandum Opinion of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (June 7, 2010) ................. 109a Appendix F Final Award of the Arbitral Tribunal (December 24, 2007) ........... 143a Appendix G Order of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (May 21, 2014) ................ 358a vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES Abbott v. Law Office of Patrick J. Mulligan, 440 F. App’x 612 (10th Cir. 2011) ........ 13, 14 Affymax, Inc. v. Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660 F.3d 281 (7th Cir. 2011) ............... 13 Air Line Pilots Association International v. Trans State Airlines, LLC, 638 F.3d 572 (8th Cir. 2011) ............... 12 Bakoss v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyds of London, 707 F.3d 140 (2d Cir. 2013) ................ 15 Bellantuono v. ICAP Sec. USA, LLC, 557 F. App’x 168 (3d Cir. 2014) ............. 14 BG Group PLC v. Republic of Argentina, 572 U.S. ___, 134 S. Ct. 1198 (2014) .......... 1 Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. v. Bacon, 562 F.3d 349 (5th Cir. 2009) ............... 12 Coffee Beanery, Ltd. v. WW, L.L.C., 300 F. App’x 415 (6th Cir. 2008) ......... 11, 13 Comedy Club, Inc. v. Improv West Associates, 553 F.3d 1277 (9th Cir. 2009) .............. 16 Dewan v. Walia, 544 F. App’x 240 (4th Cir. 2013), cert. denied, 134 S. Ct. 1788 (2014) ................. 14, 17 vii First Options of Chicago, Inc. v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938 (1995) ...................... 10 Frazier v. CitiFinancial Corp., 604 F.3d 1313 (11th Cir. 2010) ............. 12 Hall Street Associates v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576 (2008) .................. passim Jock v. Sterling Jewelers Inc., 646 F.3d 113 (2d Cir. 2011) ................ 13 Johnson v. Wells Fargo Home Mortgage, Inc., 635 F.3d 401 (9th Cir. 2011) ............... 12 Kashner Davidson Securities Corp. v. Mscisz, 601 F.3d 19 (1st Cir. 2010) ................ 14 LaPrade v. Kidder, Peabody & Co., Inc., 246 F.3d 702 (D.C. Cir. 2001) ............... 9 Medicine Shoppe International, Inc. v. Turner Investments, Inc., 614 F.3d 485 (8th Cir. 2010) ............... 12 S. Mills, Inc. v. Nunes, No. 13-11921, 2014 WL 2777279 (11th Cir. Mar. 27, 2014) ............................... 12 Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Co. v. Management Planning, Inc., 390 F.3d 684 (10th Cir. 2004) .............. 15 Schwartz v. Merrill Lynch & Co., 665 F.3d 444 (2d Cir. 2011) ................ 12 Stolt-Nielsen S.A. v. Animalfeeds International Corp., 559 U.S. 662 (2010) .................. passim viii Wachovia Sec., LLC v. Brand, 671 F.3d 472 (4th Cir. 2012) ............... 13 Wilko v. Swan, 346 U.S. 427 (1953), overruled on other grounds, Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/Am. Express, Inc., 490 U.S. 477 (1989) ............... 10, 11 TREATIES AND STATUTES Federal Arbitration Act.................. passim 9 U.S.C. § 10 ............................ 7, 11 9 U.S.C. § 10(a)............................. 1 9 U.S.C. § 10(a)(3).......................... 16 9 U.S.C. § 10(a)(4)....................... 13, 16 9 U.S.C. § 11 ............................... 7 28 U.S.C. § 1254(1) .......................... 1 Agreement Between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Argentina for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, U.K.-Arg., Dec. 11, 1990, 1765 U.N.T.S. 33....................... 4, 5, 6, 18 Emergency Law 25,561, Jan. 6, 2002 (Arg.) . 4, 6, 7 OTHER AUTHORITIES Arbitration of Interstate Commercial Disputes: Joint Hearings on S. 1005 and HR. 646 Before the Subcomms. of the Judiciary, 68th Cong. 28 (1924) (testimony of Alexander Rose) ........ 15 ix International Law Commission, Draft Articles on State Responsibility Article 25 ......... passim James M. Gaitis, Clearing the Air on ‘Manifest Disregard’ and Choice of Law in Commercial Arbitration: A Reconciliation of Wilko, Hall Street, and Stolt-Nielsen, 22 Am. Rev. Int’l Arb. 21 (2011) ............................ 16, 18 Michael H. LeRoy, Are Arbitrators Above the Law? The “Manifest Disregard of the Law” Standard, 52 B.C. L. Rev. 137 (2011) ................. 17 Sergey Ripinsky with Kevin Williams, Damages in International Investment Law (2008) ........ 22 1 PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI Petitioner the Republic of Argentina (“Argentina”) respectfully petitions for a writ of certiorari to review the judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. OPINIONS BELOW The judgment of the court of appeals (Pet. App. 1a) is reported at 555 F. App’x 2. The court of appeals’ order denying Petitioner’s petition for rehearing (Pet. App. 358a) is not reported. This Court’s prior opinion reversing the court of appeals (Pet. App. 3a) is reported at 134 S. Ct. 1198. The opinion of the court of appeals vacating the arbitral award (Pet. App. 51a) is reported at 665 F.3d 1363. The opinions of the district court recognizing and enforcing the award (Pet. App. 71a) and denying the petition to vacate the award (Pet. App. 109a) are reported at 764 F. Supp. 2d 21 and 715 F. Supp. 2d 108, respectively. The arbitral award (Pet. App. 143a) is not reported. STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION The judgment of the court of appeals was entered on April 15, 2014. Pet. App. 1a. A timely petition for panel rehearing was denied on May 21, 2014. See Pet. App. 358a. This Court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1254(1). RELEVANT STATUTORY PROVISIONS Section 10(a) of the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 10(a), provides: 2 Section 10: Same; vacation; grounds; rehearing (a) In any of the following cases the United States court in and for the district wherein the award was made may make an order vacating the award upon the application of any party to the arbitration - (1) where the award was procured by corruption, fraud, or undue means; (2) where there was evident partiality or corruption in the arbitrators, or either of them; (3) where the arbitrators were guilty of misconduct in refusing to postpone the hearing, upon sufficient cause shown, or in refusing to hear evidence pertinent and material to the controversy; or of any other misbehavior by which the rights of any party have been prejudiced; or (4) where the arbitrators exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite award upon the subject matter submitted was not made. STATEMENT OF THE CASE This petition presents the Court the opportunity to clarify whether and in what circumstances “manifest disregard of the law” is a basis to vacate an arbitral award. Prior to this Court’s decision in Hall Street Associates v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576 (2008), the lower courts were unanimous that an arbitral award could be vacated for manifest disregard of the law, a doctrine that derived from this Court’s own jurisprudence. Since Hall Street, a circuit split has emerged concerning manifest disregard, which the Court acknowledged but declined to resolve in Stolt- Nielsen S.A.
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