Siddhartha Basu
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Siddhartha Basu Preface Know for Sure—a series of eight general knowledge books for students of classes 1 to 8—has been a carefully researched, reliable, and all-encompassing reference source for learners since its first publication four years ago and has earned the trust of many for providing detailed and accurate information on a wide range of subjects. Today, when information is available at our fingertips at the click of a mouse, the only way to strike a bal- ance between knowing more and being sure of what we learn is by getting to the primary source of facts or by cross-checking these with sound references. Know for Sure has been doing this since its beginning while contin- uously updating itself to keep pace with this age of information boom. This year, the series has been thoroughly revised and updated once again by Indiannica to include a new range of reliable and verified information. Know for Sure is not just a bunch of questions and answers or just another bundle of facts which have to be memorized, because knowing for sure is as much about asking the right questions as it is about finding the right answers. It is about going beyond a few select subjects that are taught in schools. It is also about becoming more aware of the world around us. Therefore, this series has been designed as an extension of the recommendations of National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 and is aimed at bringing alive general knowledge in the classroom with quizzes, games, facts, surveys, word craft, activities, life skills, brain-teasers, lifestyles, stories, handicrafts, group discussions about value systems, and a whole lot more that can excite, engage, and educate a young mind. The perspective of the series—India and the World—is aimed at kindling an all-round interest in subjects both familiar and unknown. While systematically dealing with subjects and areas recommended for learning, these books not only make quizzing fun and fascinating but also encourage learners to discover more. The completely revised and updated Know for Sure, based on valuable feedback received from students, teach- ers, and principals of schools, is ready to provide an exciting knowledge tour with Knowy, the curious caterpillar. Key features of the Know for Sure, 2019 edition: • Diverse and authentic content • Gradation of topics to provide various levels of challenge • Simple language and colourful illustrations to enhance the joy of learning • Focus on India-specific content to help learners relate easily • Reflection of the cultural heritage of India, which will imbibe respect for diversity • Introduction to the wonders of nature to create environmental awareness • Creative and engaging activities to provide an exposure to a fun-filled and meaningful learning experience • Challenging quizzes and brain- teasers to sharpen logical abilities of learners • Unusual and interesting bits of information to add new dimensions to the topics • Model test papers to help learners reinforce their knowledge • Complete answer key at the end of each book to encourage self-evaluation With the hope that the Know for Sure series will enthuse you, we look forward to any suggestions that you may have to improve it. You may email the publisher at [email protected]. — Siddhartha Basu The Natural World Things Around Me Science and Technology Numbers and Logical Skills Language and Literature, Legends, and Myths Arts and Music Sports The World Around Us Mixed Bag Front and back cover: (cactus): © Lightvision/Dreamstime.com, (caravan): © Simone Matteo Giuseppe Manzoni/Dreamstime.com, (roadrunner): © Melonstone/Dreamstime.com, (emus): © Robyn Mackenzie/Dreamstime.com, (king snake): © Isselee/Dreamstime.com, (desert valley): © Jesse Kraft/Dreamstime.com, (Siddhartha Basu): © Nitin Upadhye, (desert lily): © Rinus Baak/Dreamstime.com, (thorny devil): © Christopher Stores/ Dreamstime.com, (meerkat): © Ecophoto/Dreamstime.com, (desert): © Cristina Bernhardsen/Dreamstime.com. Photos: p. 10 (hummingbird): © Luis Louro/Dreamstime.com, (dove): © Okea/Dreamstime.com, (falcon): © Sergey Galushko/Dreamstime.com, (peacock ): © Felinda/Dreamstime.com, (ostrich): © Johannes Gerhardus Swanepoel/Dreamstime.com, (woodpecker): © 12qwerty/Dreamstime. com, (owl): © Dndavis/Dreamstime.com, (cuckoo): © Razvan Zinica/Dreamstime.com; p. 11 (horse): © Anastasia Shapochkina/Dreamstime.com, (cow): © Hse0193/Dreamstime.com, (yak): © Li Kang Long/Dreamstime.com, (giraffe): © Lucila De Avila Castilho/Dreamstime.com, (sheep): © Brett Critchley/Dreamstime.com, (fish): © Sarayut Watchasit/Dreamstime.com, (donkey): © Krawuzikabuzi/Dreamstime.com, (camel): © Natallia Yaumenenka/Dreamstime.com, (turkey): © Daseaford/Dreamstime.com, (dog): © Sunheyy/Dreamstime.com; p. 12 (tiger): © Nilanjan Bhattacharya/Dreamstime.com, (lotus): © Luckynick/Dreamstime.com, (peacock 2): © Alfredo Falcone/Dreamstime.com, (mango): © Junyan Jiang/Dreamstime.com, (banyan tree): © Feng Cheng/Dreamstime.com, (Ashok Chakra): © Wrangel/Dreamstime.com; p. 14 (dragonfly): © Borislav Toskov/Dreamstime.com, (grasshopper): © Kts/Dreamstime.com, (spider): © Theodor Bunica/Dreamstime.com; pp. 14, 75 (ladybug): © Diavata/Dreamstime.com; p. 15 (cockroach): © Skynetphoto/Dreamstime.com, (honeybee): © Szefei/Dreamstime.com, (ants): © Chandru Ganeson/Dreamstime.com, (mosquito): © Michael Pettigrew/Dreamstime.com, (termites): © Michael Pettigrew/Dreamstime.com, (caterpillar): © Volodymyr Kucherenko/Dreamstime.com, (headlice): © Protasov AN/Shutterstock.com; p. 16 (tomato): © Adrea/Dreamstime.com, (tree rings): © Tamifreed/Dreamstime.com, (strawberries): © Lilkar/Dreamstime.com; p. 19 (bridge): © Tsyu87/Dreamstime.com, (flyover): © Tupungato/ Dreamstime.com, (airport): © Vitalyedush/Dreamstime.com, (tunnel): © Michael Germann/Dreamstime.com, (dockyard): © Ahmet Ihsan Ariturk/ Dreamstime.com, (railway station): © Rainer Klotz/Dreamstime.com; p. 21 (Sakshi Malik): Image Courtesy: Rohan Malhotra, (PV Sindhu): Image Courtesy: Rohan Malhotra, (Mary Kom): British High Commission, India, Open Government Licence v1.0 (OGL)., (Abhinav Bindra): British High Commission, India, Open Government Licence v1.0 (OGL).; pp. 21, 75 (Virat Kohli): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Virat Kohli at the 2015 IPL opening ceremony.jpg: CC BY 3.0); pp. 21, 76 (Sania Mirza): © Keith Allison/https://www.flickr.com/photos/keithallison/5995543739/: CC BY-SA 2.0; p. 24 (swordfish): © Luis Carlos Torres/Dreamstime.com, (anglerfish): © Irko Van Der Heide/Dreamstime.com, (parrotfish): © Simtrix/ Dreamstime.com, (flying fish): © Feathercollector/Dreamstime.com; p. 25 (sawfish): © Charline Tetiyevsky/Dreamstime.com, (electric ray): © Andamanse/Dreamstime.com; pp. 25, 75 (flatfish): © Jan Mika/Dreamstime.com; p. 26 (Barren Islands): © Arijayprasad (Barren island - arijay prasad.jpg: CC BY-SA 4.0), (Kaziranga National Park): © Dr.pramod Bansode/Dreamstime.com, (Dal Lake): © Benjawan Sittidech/Dreamstime. com, (Thar Desert): © Dbyjuhfl/Dreamstime.com; p. 30 (hammerhead shark): © Ian Scott/Dreamstime.com, (tarantula): © Montserrat Sabat Borras/Dreamstime.com, (sloth): © Kobby Dagan/Dreamstime.com, (chameleon): © Lukas Blazek/Dreamstime.com, (elephant): © Androruss/ Dreamstime.com, (penguin): © Gentoomultimedia/Dreamstime.com; p. 31 (anteater): © Karelgallas/Dreamstime.com, (armadillo): © Andrea Schneider/Dreamstime.com, (skunk): © Jpra03/Dreamstime.com, (meerkat): © Imphilip/Dreamstime.com, (tapir): © Musat Christian/Dreams- time.com, (giraffe 2): © Nicoloperazzo/Dreamstime.com; p. 36 (neem tree): © Mansum008/Dreamstime.com, (coconut tree): © Torsak/Dreams- time.com, (banana tree): © Nutthawit Wiangya/Dreamstime.com; p. 37 (pudhina): © Bcbg/Dreamstime.com, (henna plant): © Svetlana Zhukova/ Dreamstime.com, (amla): © Ugeshkumar/Dreamstime.com, (rubber tree): © Adirekjob/Dreamstime.com, (tulsi): © Satel22/Dreamstime.com; p. 39 (pig): © Simone Van Den Berg/Dreamstime.com, (rat): © Vasiliy Koval/Dreamstime.com, (chimpanzee): © Wrangel/Dreamstime.com, (great dane): © William Wise/Dreamstime.com, (labrador): © Jennie Magro/Dreamstime.com, (dalmation): © Lois Mcartney/Dreamstime.com; p. 42 (Sanchi Stupa): © Ugeshkumar/Dreamstime.com, (Taj Mahal): © Ashwin Kharidehal Abhirama/Dreamstime.com, (Hawa Mahal): © Byelikova/ Dreamstime.com, (Victoria Memorial): © Viacheslav Belyaev/Dreamstime.com; pp. 42, 76 (Qutub Minar): © Saiko3p/Dreamstime.com, (Humayun Tomb ): © Wisconsinart/Dreamstime.com, (Gateway of India): © Reachaloksinha/Dreamstime.com; p. 43 (hockey): © Alexkalina/Dreamstime. com, (volleyball): © Sverni/Dreamstime.com, (ice skating): © Bakharev/Dreamstime.com, (baseball): © Baronoskie/Dreamstime.com, (lawn tennis): © Madchester (London 2012 Federer-Isner Quarterfinal Warm Up.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (swimming): © Aleksandr Markin/Dreamstime.com, (football ): © Msalena/Dreamstime.com; p. 44 (mixer): © Murali Nath/Dreamstime.com, (cutlery): © Bobozito/Dreamstime.com, (chopping board): © Zoom-zoom/Dreamstime.com, (crockery): © Yastrebinsky/Dreamstime.com, (wok): © Freerlaw/Dreamstime.com, (saucepan): © Luisa Leal Melo/Dreamstime.com, (sieve): © Fotoplanner/Dreamstime.com, (condiments ): © Milkos/Dreamstime.com, (pressure cooker): © Picstudio/ Dreamstime.com; p. 45 (cinnamon): © Nexus7/Dreamstime.com, (cardamom): © Mohamed Kasim Naufal/Dreamstime.com, (turmeric): © Kenishirotie/Dreamstime.com, (saffron): © Seawaters/Dreamstime.com, (cumin): © Anton Starikov/Dreamstime.com, (chilli): © Draftmode/ Dreamstime.com, (bayleaf): © Graham Corney/Dreamstime.com, (pepper): © Andreea Stefan/Dreamstime.com, (mustard): © Mohammed