Siddhartha Basu

Preface

Know for Sure—a series of eight general knowledge books for students of classes 1 to 8—has been a carefully and has earned the trust of many for providing detailed and accurate information on a wide range of subjects. ance between knowing more and being sure of what we learn is by getting to the primary source of facts or by cross-checking these with sound references. Know for Sure has been doing this since its beginning while contin- uously updating itself to keep pace with this age of information boom. This year, the series has been thoroughly

Know for Sure is not just a bunch of questions and answers or just another bundle of facts which have to be answers. It is about going beyond a few select subjects that are taught in schools. It is also about becoming more aware of the world around us. Therefore, this series has been designed as an extension of the recommendations of National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 and is aimed at bringing alive general knowledge in the classroom with quizzes, games, facts, surveys, word craft, activities, life skills, brain-teasers, lifestyles, stories, handicrafts, group discussions about value systems, and a whole lot more that can excite, engage, and educate a young mind.

The perspective of the series— and the World—is aimed at kindling an all-round interest in subjects both familiar and unknown. While systematically dealing with subjects and areas recommended for learning, these books not only make quizzing fun and fascinating but also encourage learners to discover more.

The completely revised and updated Know for Sure, based on valuable feedback received from students, teach- ers, and principals of schools, is ready to provide an exciting knowledge tour with Knowy, the curious caterpillar.

Key features of the Know for Sure, 2019 edition: • Diverse and authentic content • Gradation of topics to provide various levels of challenge • Simple language and colourful illustrations to enhance the joy of learning • • • Introduction to the wonders of nature to create environmental awareness • • Challenging quizzes and brain- teasers to sharpen logical abilities of learners • Unusual and interesting bits of information to add new dimensions to the topics • Model test papers to help learners reinforce their knowledge • Complete answer key at the end of each book to encourage self-evaluation

With the hope that the Know for Sure series will enthuse you, we look forward to any suggestions that you may have to improve it. You may email the publisher at [email protected].

— Siddhartha Basu Contents

The Natural World Things Around Me

Science and Technology

Numbers and Logical Skills

Language and Literature, Legends, and Myths Arts and Music

Sports

The World Around Us

Mixed Bag Front and back cover, title page: (Godafoss waterfalls in Iceland): © evenfh/Shutterstock.com, (Siddhartha Basu): © Nitin Upadhye. Photos: pp. 4, 8 (puffin): © Joseph Gough/Dreamstime.com; pp. 4, 22 (Aryabhata): © Cpjha13 (Aryabhatta of Bihar.jpg: CC BY-SA 4.0); pp. 4, 42 (sports car): © Valleysnow/ Dreamstime.com; pp. 5, 63 (Tholu Bommalata): Daderot/CC0; pp. 5, 65 (Roman Colosseum): © David Iliff/Dreamstime.com; p. 7 (tardigrades): © Darron Birgenheier/https://www.

Apers/Dreamstime.com, (rhea): © Prillfoto/Dreamstime.com, (macaw): © Maciej Czekajewski/Dreamstime.com, (kookaburra): © Lukas Blazek/Dreamstime.com, (albatross): © Staphy/Dreamstime.com; p. 9 (yak): © Meunierd/Dreamstime.com, (elk): © Jill Lang/Dreamstime.com, (mink): © Mikelane45/Dreamstime.com, (jaguar): © Jamen Percy/ Dreamstime.com, (tapir): © Lukas Blazek/Dreamstime.com, (raccoon): © Moose Henderson/Dreamstime.com, (grizzly bear): © Stephanie Berg/Dreamstime.com, (gibbon): © Worakit Sirijinda/Dreamstime.com; p. 10 (long jump): © Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Dreamstime.com, (javelin throw): © Chelsdo/Dreamstime.com, (hurdles): © Shariff Che\’ Lah/ Dreamstime.com, (relay race): © Photographerlondon/Dreamstime.com, (hammer throw): © Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Dreamstime.com, (shot-put): © Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Dreamstime.com; p. 11 (Jackie Joyner Kersee): © Laurence Agron/Dreamstime.com, (Usain Bolt): © Vasilis Ververidis/Dreamstime.com, (Milkha Singh): © Jatin Chadha/ Dreamstime.com, (Emil Zátopek): National Archives/Anefo/Public Domain, (Sergey Bubka): © Denys Kuvaiev/Dreamstime.com; p. 12 (national flag of India): © Serhii Brovko/Dreamstime.com; p. 15 (printing machine): © Volykievgenii/Dreamstime.com; p. 16 (Sansad): © 3000ad/Dreamstime.com, (National People’s Congress): © Kyle Allen/ Dreamstime.com, (Federal Assembly): © Leonid Andronov/Dreamstime.com, (Folketing): © Leonid Andronov/Dreamstime.com, (Diet): © Sean Pavone/Dreamstime.com, (Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban): © Fritz Hiersche/Dreamstime.com, (Knesset): © Lev Tsimbler/Dreamstime.com, (Congress of Deputies): © Gerold Grotelueschen/Dreamstime.com, (British Parliament): © Krylon80/Dreamstime.com; p. 18 (sea otter): © Joshua Rainey/Dreamstime.com, (manatee): © Mady Macdonald/Dreamstime.com, (barracuda): © Planctonvideo/ Dreamstime.com, (oyster): © John White/Dreamstime.com, (scallop): © Norman Chan/Dreamstime.com, (lamprey): © Pnwnature/Dreamstime.com, (walrus): © Vladimir Seliverstov/Dreamstime.com, (clown fish): © Andreykuzmin/Dreamstime.com; p. 21 (Ma Long): © Grosremy/Dreamstime.com, (Ovtcharov Dimitrij): © Grosremy/Dreamstime. com, (): © Grosremy/Dreamstime.com; p. 22 (Charaka): © Alokprasad (Charak statue.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Sushruta): © Alokprasad (Shushrut statue.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0); p. 24 (black rhinoceros): © Andreanita/Dreamstime.com, (leatherback sea turtle): © Stephanie Rousseau/Dreamstime.com, (orangutan): © Andrey Gudkov/Dreamstime.com; pp. 24, 86 (pangolin): © Peter Titmuss/Dreamstime.com; p. 25 (Asian elephant): © Dreamstime Agency/Dreamstime.com, (red panda): © Jerryway/Dreamstime.com; p. 26 (Homer): © Kmiragaya/Dreamstime.com; p. 27 (Buddha): © Yodrak Thaketsree/Dreamstime.com, (Mahabharata): © Nitish Kumar/Dreamstime.com; p. 30 (Lufthansa airlines logo): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com, (Thai Airways logo): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com, (Fly emirates logo): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/ Dreamstime.com, (Air New Zealand logo): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com, (kansai airport): © Seaonweb/Dreamstime.com; p. 32 (Madhubani Painting): © Samrat35/Dreamstime.com, (Tanjore painting): © Klodien/Dreamstime.com, (Patta Chitra): © Samrat35/Dreamstime.com; pp. 32, 87 (Warli folk painting): © Iuliia Selina/ Dreamstime.com; p. 33 (Rajasthani miniature painting): © Onef9day (Rajasthani Miniature painting.jpg: CC BY 3.0), (Bandhani): © Piyush Kumar/https://www.flickr.com/photos/ piyushkumar1/8356680599/: CC BY 2.0, (Kalamkari): © Gansham Ramchandani/Dreamstime.com; p. 36 (aloe vera): © Mario Ondris/Dreamstime.com, (Indian ginseng): © Gpagomenos/Dreamstime.com, (sandalwood): © Nandan Patel/Dreamstime.com, (Indian gooseberry): © Jose Mathew/Dreamstime.com; p. 37 (wild turmeric): © Philipmorch/ Dreamstime.com, (Cinnamon): © Michael Poe/Dreamstime.com; p. 39 (Pandit ): © Suyash.dwivedi (Pandit Jasraj at Bhopal 2015-1.JPG: CC BY-SA 4.0), (M Balamuralikrishna): © Krupasindhu Muduli (M. Balamuralikrishna 02.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Jagjit Singh): © Krupasindhu Muduli (Jagjit Singh (Ghazal Maestro).jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (): © Utpal Baruah, UB Photos, www.ubphotos.com (Dr. Bhupen Hazarika, Assam, India.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Frank Sinatra): © Laurence Agron/Dreamstime.com, (Elton John): © Sbukley/Dreamstime.com; pp. 39, 86 (Asha Bhosle): © Nikhil Gangavane/Dreamstime.com; p. 40 (current logo of IBM): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com, (current logo of HSBC): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com, (current logo of Apple): © Bazruh/Dreamstime.com, (current logo of Lacoste): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com, (current logo of Mozilla Firefox): © Mohamed Ahmed Soliman/Dreamstime.com; p. 41 (Diego Maradona): © Alexander Mitr/Dreamstime.com, (Carl Lewis): © Sbukley/Dreamstime.com, (Andre Agassi): © Sbukley/Dreamstime.com, (Michael Jordan): © Jerry Coli/Dreamstime.com, (Lance Armstrong): © Haggisnl (Lance Armstrong Tour 2010 team presentation.jpg: CC BY 3.0), (Jack Nicklaus): © Jerry Coli/Dreamstime.com, (Michael Phelps): © Carrienelson1/Dreamstime.com, (Magnus Carlsen): © Marina Bogumil/Dreamstime.com; pp. 41, 86 (Rahul Dravid): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Rahul Dravid at GQ Men Of The Year 2012 AWARD.jpg: CC BY 3.0); p. 42 (SUV): © Algre1/Dreamstime.com, (MUV): © Gennady Poddubny/Dreamstime.com, (vintage car): © Silvian Tomescu/Dreamstime.com, (hatchback): © Maksim Toome/Dreamstime.com, (sedan): © Algre1/Dreamstime.com; p. 43 (logo of Jaguar): © Sergiy Palamarchuk/Dreamstime.com, (logo of Mercedes-Benz): © Hupeng/Dreamstime.com, (logo of Volkswagen): © Ricochet69/Dreamstime.com, (logo of Audi): © Lysh2006/Dreamstime.com, (Solar-powered car): © PresseBO (PowerCore SunCruiser.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (amphibious car): © Americanspirit/Dreamstime.com, (lunar rover): © Hecksone/Dreamstime.com, (stretch Limousine): © Hupeng/Dreamstime.com, (hybrid car): © Peanutroaster/Dreamstime.com; p. 46 (solar energy): © Naruden/Dreamstime.com, (wind energy): © Denis Kelly/Dreamstime.com, (biomass energy): © Nostal6ie/Dreamstime.com, (tidal power): © Alexandr Mitiuc/Dreamstime.com; p. 47 (geothermal energy): © Tatonka/Dreamstime.com, (crops): © Yoyopiticutz/Dreamstime.com; p. 50 (Wittenburg): © Doris Antony, Berlin (Wittenburg town hall.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Mecca): © Aidar Ayazbayev/Dreamstime.com, (Lumbini): © Yves Picq http://veton.picq.fr (Nepal DSCN2126a.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Vatican City): © Vladimir Mucibabic/Dreamstime.com; p. 51 (Western Wall): © Aleksandar Todorovic/Dreamstime.com, (Golden Temple): © Dmitry Rukhlenko/Dreamstime.com, (Shrine of the Báb): © Stran9e/Dreamstime.com; p. 53 (Arthur Conan Doyle): Martin and Sallnow/Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0, (Devdutt Pattanaik): © Devdutt.pattanaik (Devdutt Pattanaik 02.jpg: CC BY-SA 4.0), (Jonathan Swift): © Georgios Kollidas/Dreamstime.com, (Jane Austen): © Georgios Kollidas/Dreamstime.com; pp. 53, 60 & 87 (Amitav Ghosh): © Gage Skidmore/https://www.flickr.com/photos/gageskidmore/33426398642/: CC BY-SA 2.0; pp. 53, 87 (Dan Brown): © Cellai Stefano/Dreamstime.com; p. 54 (London Bridge): © Mark Eaton/Dreamstime.com, (Brooklyn Bridge): © Stuart Monk/Dreamstime.com, (Qingdao Haiwan Bridge): © Bjmcse/Dreamstime.com, (Bandra–Worli Sea Link): © Lukas Bischoff/ Dreamstime.com; p. 55 (Pearl Bridge): © Sean Pavone/Dreamstime.com, (Sydney Harbour Bridge): © Simone Bortignon/Dreamstime.com, (Howrah Bridge): © Roop Dey/ Dreamstime.com, (Millau Bridge): © Louis-martin Carrière/Dreamstime.com, (Golden Gate Bridge): © Debra Tosca/Dreamstime.com, (forms of bridges): © Aleksandra Alekseeva/Dreamstime.com; p. 57 (Sergey Brin and Larry Page): © Joi Ito/https://www.flickr.com/photos/35034362831@N01/2505321929: CC BY 2.0; pp. 57, 87 (Sundar Pichai): © Enriquecalvoal/Dreamstime.com, (Satya Nadela): © Drserg/Dreamstime.com; p. 58 (paragliding): © Rui Matos/Dreamstime.com, (ice climbing): © Arinahabich08/Dreamstime. com, (bungee jumping): © Jessamine/Dreamstime.com, (skateboarding): © Blake Billings/Dreamstime.com, (sandboarding): © Smellme/Dreamstime.com, (surfing): © Chris Van Lennep/Dreamstime.com, (motocross): © Ricky Corey/Dreamstime.com; p. 59 (spelunking): © Granitepeaker/Dreamstime.com, (skiing): © Monkey Business Images/Dreamstime. com, (kayaking): © Maksym Topchii/Dreamstime.com, (snorkeling): © Alexander Shalamov/Dreamstime.com, (parasailing): © Kellydt/Dreamstime.com; p. 60 (Kiran Desai): © Petitfrere/Dreamstime.com, (Salman Rushdie): © Markwaters/Dreamstime.com; p. 62 (Kathputli): © Roberto Faccenda/https://www.flickr.com/photos/ stefanedberg62/3502478312: CC BY-SA 2.0, (Ravanachhaya): Daderot/CC0, (Kundhei): © Subhashish Panigrahi (Sakhi Kandhei (String puppets of Odisha) at Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, .JPG: CC BY-SA 3.0); p. 64 (Christ the Redeemer): © Pixattitude/Dreamstime.com, (The Great Wall of ): © Silvershot55/Dreamstime.com, (Petra): © Milesfoto/ Dreamstime.com; pp. 64, 87 (Machu Picchu): © Diana Dunlap/Dreamstime.com; p. 65 (Pyramid at Chichén Itzá): © Dmitry Rukhlenko/Dreamstime.com, (Taj Mahal): © Wisconsinart/Dreamstime.com; p. 67 (Tom Cruise): © Laurence Agron/Dreamstime.com, (Health Ledger): © Carrienelson1/Dreamstime.com, (Amir Khan): © Denis Makarenko/ Dreamstime.com, (Salman Khan): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Salman Khan.jpg: CC BY 3.0), (Alia Bhatt): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Alia Bhatt at press conference of Student Of The Year & Aircel tie-up.jpg: CC BY 3.0), (Sanjay Dutt): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (SanjayDutt.jpg: CC BY 3.0), (Johnny Depp): © Featureflash/Dreamstime.com, (Harrison Ford): © Carrienelson1/Dreamstime.com; p. 70 (chess pieces on chessboard): © Lnmstuff/Dreamstime.com, (chess moves 1): © Siedykholena/Dreamstime.com, (chess moves 2): © Siedykholena/Dreamstime.com; p. 71 (Deep Blue): © Pedro Villavicencio/https://www.flickr.com/photos/pvillavi/3120753643: CC BY-SA 2.0, (chess pieces): © Lnmstuff/Dreamstime.com, (Bobby Fischer): Punt, […]/ Anefo/Nationaal Archief/Public Domain, (Garry Kasparov): © Gage Skidmore/https://www.flickr.com/photos/ gageskidmore/37097592314: CC BY-SA 2.0, (): © Grantotufo/Dreamstime.com; pp. 71, 87 (Anatoly Karpov): © Enriquecalvoal/Dreamstime.com; p. 72 (alligator): © Georgia Evans/Dreamstime.com, (compass): © Irochka/Dreamstime.com, (talons): © Torikell/Dreamstime.com; p. 73 (Diplodocus): © Caesarone/Dreamstime.com, (milky way): © Denis Belitskiy/Dreamstime.com, (horizon): © Tom Dowd/Dreamstime.com; p. 74 (Stockholm Palace): © Anders Adermark/Dreamstime.com, (Presidential Office Building, ): © Pius Lee/Dreamstime.com, (Casa Rosada, Buenos Aires): © Lee Torrens/Dreamstime.com, (Grand Palace, Bangkok): © Natwmd/Dreamstime.com, (Prague Castle, Prague): © Ladislav Soukup/Dreamstime.com, (The Kremlin, ): © Wrangel/Dreamstime.com, (Buckingham Palace, ): © Dan Breckwoldt/Dreamstime.com, (Palácio da Alvorada, Brasilia): © Pixattitude/Dreamstime.com, (Istana Nurul Iman Palace, Bandar Seri Begawan): © Max Daiber/Dreamstime.com; p. 75 (Barbie): © Mariel Alvarez/ Dreamstime.com, (frisbee): © Anasife/Dreamstime.com, (jigsaw): © Vladimir Mucibabic/Dreamstime.com, (Lego): © Edgars Sermulis/Dreamstime.com, (Erno Rubik): Babak Mansouri/Public Domain, (Lonnie Johnson): U.S. Navy photo by John F. Williams/Released, (Mr Potato head): © Starletdarlene/Dreamstime.com; p. 76 (Shanghai Tower): © Craig Hanson/Dreamstime.com, (One World Trade Centre): © Yelena Rodriguez/Dreamstime.com, (Burj Khalifa): © Petr Švec/Dreamstime.com, (Taipei 101): © Stefan Kho/Dreamstime. com; p. 77 ( Skytree): © Torsakarin/Dreamstime.com, (petronas twin towers): © Juhku/Dreamstime.com, (World Trade Centre): © Freya Lloyd/Dreamstime.com, (Qutb

© Mykola Lytvynenko/Dreamstime.com; p. 79 (bungalow): © Katarzyna Bialasiewicz/Dreamstime.com, (bangle): © Olena Chilikina/Dreamstime.com, (jungle): © Oliver Nowak/ Dreamstime.com, (chutney): © Kcalpesh/Dreamstime.com, (shampoo): © Bruce Riccitelli/Dreamstime.com, (fruit punch): © Stephanie Berg/Dreamstime.com, (pyjamas): © Ruslan Kudrin/Dreamstime.com, (chit): © Ruslanchik/Dreamstime.com; p. 80 (microwave): © Scanrail/Dreamstime.com, (velcro): © Joris Van Den Heuvel/Dreamstime.com, (artificial sweetener): © Tine Grebenc/Dreamstime.com, (stainless steel): © Thomas Perkins/Dreamstime.com; p. 81 (Penicillin): © Photomak/Dreamstime.com, (superglue): © Mikhail Olykainen/Dreamstime.com, (plastic): © Ia64/Dreamstime.com, (Teflon): © Juan Moyano/Dreamstime.com, (Post-it ® note): © Andrew7726/Dreamstime.com, (X-ray): © Itsmejust/ Dreamstime.com, (Coca-Cola® (Bhimbetka rock shelters): © Samrat35/Dreamstime.com, (Sanchi Stupa): © Ugeshkumar/Dreamstime.com. Mysterious space

Now that you are in class 5, are you all set to explore the wonders of Quiz Land once again? Let’s start with the mysterious sky. Find out how much you know about your universe. In the following statements, mark the ones which are facts with a [ ] and the ones which are not with a [ ].

1. All gas planets do not have rings. 2. The first artificial satellite to be launched into space was Sputnik 1. 3. The Earth’s orbit is circular in shape. 4. A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon comes in between the sun and the Earth and blocks the light of the sun from reaching the Earth. 5. Mercury is the hottest planet in our solar system. 6. The scientific name for a shooting star is comet. 7. Pluto is no longer considered a planet. 8. The mass of the sun is 743 times the total mass of all the planets in the solar system. 9. Craters are circular holes or depressions common on the moon and some planets, occurring due to meteorite impact or volcanic explosions. 10. Andromeda is the star closest to our solar system. Titbits Tiny creatures called water bears or tardigrades are found in a variety of habitats such as damp moss, flowering plants, sand, sea, and fresh water. They can withstand very dry conditions, temperatures as low as –272° C, and even being kept in a vacuum, by going into a resistant state. They come back to life when they are brought back to room temperature. Some scientists believe that they can live without water for decades. In 2007, the tardigrade became the first animal to survive exposure to space. Wonderbirds

Birds have some very distinct features. Write the names of these birds with the help of the given clues. Use the help box for your reference.

1. These birds, also called ‘bottlenose’ or ‘sea parrot’, are distinguished by their large, brightly coloured, triangular beaks. They can easily swim by using their wings to stroke underwater. ______

2. These large birds use their large elastic pouches to catch fish. Most species fish in groups by forming a line or a ‘U’ shaped formation to drive fishes into the shallow water, by beating their wings on the surface. When fish get to the shallows, they simply scoop them up. ______

3. These birds are found in American tropical forests. Their oversized, colourful bills can be as long as one-third of their total length. These birds use them to reach fruits on branches that are too small to support their weight. ______4. These long-necked, large birds are tall and live in freshwater or wetlands and swamps. They can be identified by their long legs, brightly coloured featherless heads, and prominent bills. ______Identify these birds. Choose your answers from the help box.

1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______

rhea albatross kookaburra macaw Furry friends

Identify these animals with the help of the given clues and images. Choose your answers from the help box. 1. 1. Reared for its milk, hide, and also as a pack animal in Tibet ______2. Solitary plant-eating animal with a short trunk, found in the tropical forests of Malaysia and America ______2. 3. Acrobatic mammal found in Southeast , with a human-like build and no tail ______4. Native to the Northern Hemisphere, a small, discrete, and often nocturnal amphibious animal that is valued for its luxurious fur ______3. 5. Largest of South America’s big cats that are good swimmers ______6. Recognized by the black mask across its eyes and the black bands around its bushy tail ______7. Omnivorous animals that have humped shoulders and 4. elevated foreheads and feed on berries, plant roots and shoots, fish, and small mammals ______8. The largest member of the deer family, found in the Northern Hemisphere ______

5. 6. 7. 8.

jaguar elk mink gibbon yak tapir raccoon grizzly bear Olympics track and field

Name the sports events shown in the following pictures. Use the words given in the help box.

1. ______2. ______3. ______

4. ______5. ______6. ______

shot-put hammer throw long jump hurdles javelin throw relay race

Titbits When the Ethiopian long-distance runner Abebe Bikila arrived for the 1960 Olympic Marathon, he was inexperienced and unknown to most. But he won the gold medal and broke the world record with a time of 2 hours 15 minutes 16.2 seconds. What is more impressive is that he achieved this by running barefoot. Four years later, he won the marathon again, this time only six weeks after an appendix operation. With this he also became the first East African to win a medal at the Olympics. Write the names of these famous Olympic athletes. Choose your answers from the help box. 1. Known as the ‘Flying Sikh’, he represented India in the 1960 Olympics in Rome and in the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. ______

2. She was voted as the greatest female athlete of the 20th century by the Sports Illustrated for Women magazine. ______

3. He won the 5,000 m, the 10,000 m, and the marathon at the same Olympic Games in 1952, in Helsinki. He had a unique running style. The nickname ‘Czech Locomotive’ came from his peculiar running style, where he would pant and wheeze looking shattered during a race. ______

4. This pole vaulter was repeatedly voted the world’s best athlete. He won six consecutive IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federation) World Championships, an Olympic gold, and broke the world record 35 times. ______

5. He became the first man in history to win and set world records in the 100 m, 200 m, and, along with his teammates, the 4 × 100 m relay at a single Olympics, in Beijing in 2008. He went on to claim three gold medals in these events at the 2012 London Olympics, as well as at the 2016 Rio Games. ______

Jackie Joyner-Kersee Usain Bolt Milkha Singh Emil Zátopek Sergey Bubka

Titbits Despite having a wooden leg, the American gymnast George Eyser, won six gold medals at the 1904 Olympics. Japanese gymnast Shun Fujimoto broke a kneecap while competing in the 1976 Olympics. But he chose to ignore the terrible pain and carried on and won a gold medal. A year before the 2000 Olympics, an accident left French shooter Franck Dumoulin temporarily wheelchair-bound. He recovered and not only competed but also won a gold medal. Know your flag

Answer the following questions.

1. In which year was the tricolour flag (then known as the flag) officially adopted at a session of the Indian National Congress? ______

2. When was the national flag, in its present form, adopted? ______

3. What is the ratio of the width of the national flag to its length? ______

4. How many spokes are there in the Ashoka Chakra seen on the national flag of India? ______

5. What does the Ashoka Chakra in our national flag depict? ______

6. By what name is our national flag popularly known in ? ______

7. In the event of the death of which dignitaries is the flag half-masted (flag flown below the top) throughout India? ______

Titbits To put an end to the confusion regarding the display of the national flag of India, the came up with the Flag Code of India in 2002. It includs detailed information ranging from the shape, size, and colour of the flag to the list of organizations which can rightfully display it. Making faces Want to draw your own cartoons? To get the right facial expressions on your cartoon characters, most of the time all you have to do is to change the position of the eyebrows and the mouth. Here are some

examples you can try.

Y

T

I

V

I T

A raised eyebrow A-shaped eyebrows To draw an angry face, Eyebrows high up in C and a crooked with an open show the teeth and the forehead, and A mouth can mouth is perfect V-shaped eyebrows, an O-shaped mouth, express suspicion. for a scared set low over the eyes. and you have a expression. surprised face.

To show sadness, Straight eyebrows (or And here is the most simple A-shaped eyebrows maybe no eyebrows at all) one—a mouth curved and a mouth curved and a straight mouth is for upward and eyebrows curved downward work best. a calm expression. downward for a happy face. Now try your own combination of different positions of the eyebrows and the mouth on a smiley, to create many different expressions. Here are some other tricks you can try to get the right expressions on your cartoons— 1. Eyes set far apart express confidence. 2. Eyes set close together express shyness. 3. Parts of the face drawn at the bottom of the face make a clever face. 4. Parts of the face drawn at the top make it look smug. 5. A pear-shaped face looks sad. 6. A star-shaped face can express excessive energy. How is a book made?

Do you know how many people are involved in the process of publishing a book? How long do you think it takes for an author’s vision to take the actual shape of a book? Here is a brief introduction to the process of making a book.

At the publishing It all begins Time house, an editor reads the to send my with the writers penning manuscript, and if the editor likes book to a down their ideas. Writing can it, he or she asks the publisher to publisher. take a long time. The author has to publish the book. Only when the do a lot of research, revise the text, publisher is sure that it is a good and edit the book before it is finally book will he or she publish it. complete. Once the author is happy with the work, a copy of it, called a manuscript, Will this book sell? is sent to a publisher.

do I How is fix th nce? sente

Meanwhile, the designer comes up with a good design for the book. Later the text and images are arranged Once the manuscript is in a form of print-ready finalized, the editor works with pages. To make the book error-free, the writer and makes necessary the first draft of the printed book is changes. The editors make sure reviewed by proofreaders. They that the text doesn’t have check the entire book very any factual or grammatical minutely, including words, errors. images, figures, and tables. We ll set It is now are a book r the the responsibility fo h! Once all the launc pages of the book are of the marketing and publicity finalized, they are given to the printer. At the printing press, the department to capture pages are printed on huge printing the interest of the people, machines. The paper is then folded even before the product in the correct order, bound inside the has been released in the covers, and trimmed to size. market. They arrange The writer’s manuscript is for book launch parties. They also make sure that the book gets reviewed in newspapers now a real book! or magazines.

The finished books are delivered to bookshop and libraries all over the country and sometimes around the world! The sales team works hard to push the book sales. At the end of every season, a part of the money the publisher earns from the sale of each book goes to the Quick author as royalty. quiz

Answer the following questions. 1. What is a book with a soft paper cover called? ______2. Who invented the mechanized printing press? ______3. At the end of many books you will find a list of the words with page numbers of where the words appear in the book. What is this list called? ______4. What is an introduction to the book by an eminent personality called? ______Parliaments of different countries

Given below are the images of the parliament buildings of different countries. Help Knowy to find out which countries they belong to.

1. ______2. ______3. ______

4. ______5. ______6. ______

7. ______8. ______9. ______

China Britain Israel Spain India Bangladesh Denmark How body works

Use the clues to identify the terms associated with our body.

1. This muscle is present in your upper arm. B ___ C ______S 2. This is the opening through which light can enter your eye. P ___ P ___ L 3. This is the coloured part of your eye. ___ R ___ S 4. These cells carry oxygen through your body. R ______B ___ OO ___ C ______L ___ 5. This part of the brain controls movement and balance. C ___ R ___ B ______L ___ M 6. White blood cells are made here. B ______E MA ______O ___ 7. This organ is called the voice box. It helps us to produce sound. L ___ RY ______8. These are raised hair or spots on the skin caused by cold, fear, or sudden excitement. G ______SEB ___ M ___ S 9. This is the largest internal organ in our body. L ______E ___ 10. The smallest bone in our body, called the stirrup, is present here. E ______11. They are the largest teeth that do not appear until you are an adult. W ___ S ______M T ______TH 12. This is the protective coating that encloses most nerve fibres. MY ___ L ___ N S ___ EA ______

Titbits In a lifespan of 70 years, the heart will pump more than 132 million litres of blood and beat 2.5 billion times. WORD GAME Marine life Circle all of the listed words that are hidden in the grid. Look for words across, down, and also diagonally. Two have been done for you.

SSSEALSDMCTGHRE

TESACCPAOURSDOC

IATCROROBLIAWHS

NTLAALDIRFPSBNE

sea otter GUBOILLCNPTHISA manatee RROLBALWLAOUIEL

ATCAHSOORAGI LNI

YLTMALTFPNMASYO

OEOPCNIEEIHSTEN

YSPRESUPRWNWATS

SPUEHMANATEEMUQ

barracuda TOSYBARRACUDANU oyster ENSHELLFISHHLAI

RGARSEAOTTERCLD

KEANCHOVYWALRUS

clown fish lobster sea turtle cod manatee seals clownfish barracuda octopus shellfish clam oyster sponge scallop anchovy penguin squid crab porpoise stingray dolphin scallop tuna halibut sea lion walrus lamprey sea otter whale lamprey walrus Champions of change

These people made a difference to the world by bringing about reforms in society. Identify these social reformers with the help of the given clues. Choose your answers from the help box. 1. He challenged traditional Hindu culture, denounced the caste system, and formed the Brahmo Samaj, a Hindu reformist sect. His efforts led to the prohibition of the custom of sati. ______2. His efforts led to legalization of widow remarriage in India. He promoted the education of girls and strongly opposed child marriage and polygamy. ______

3. He made efforts to combine Indian spirituality with Western material progress and dedicated his life towards elimination of child marriage and illiteracy in India. He strongly promoted education among women and lower castes. ______

4. She dedicated her life to charity and to look after the sick and the poor. In 1979, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. ______

5. He gave up his legal career to devote his life to take care of leprosy patients. Later, he founded an ashram dedicated to the treatment and rehabilitation of these patients. ______

6. He fought against child labour and advocated the universal right to education. He founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan. In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. ______Are there any social reformers living in your city? Talk about Raja their good work. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Kailash Satyarthi Tops at

Want to learn table tennis? Here is a beginner’s guide to help you get started. Table tennis is an indoor sport played between two players or teams. To play this game, you will need a couple of table tennis bats (also called rackets), a ball, and a special table. The aim of the game is to make the ball go over the net to the opponent’s half, so that the opponent cannot Net Loosely stitched divider across reach or return the ball over the net and on the table. the middle of the table over which players hit the ball

Side line The table A flat rectangular wooden table Line marking the sides of the playing surface (2.74 m long × 1.525 m wide × 76 cm high) with a net dividing it into two halves

Playing surface Tabletop with marked edges and lines within which players hit the ball

Centre line 3 mm line which divides each half of the table into two, across which the serve End line is made by the player Marks the back line of the serving zone and the end of the playing surface

Titbits The first Table Tennis World Cup was held in 1980. Table tennis became an Olympic sport in 1988. A Grand Slam is earned by a player who wins singles titles in the Olympics, World Championships, and World Cup. Identify these table tennis stars. Choose the correct answers from the help box.

1. ______2. ______3. ______

Net support 15.25 cm high vertical piece, used to stretch the net along the table using white tape Fan Zhendong (China) (China) ()

Restriction While the ball is in play, players cannot move the table and touch the surface or net

Titbits The world’s longest table tennis rally was played between Daniel Ives and Peter Ives, both from Britain, in 2014. It lasted for 8 hours 40 minutes and 5 seconds. Tick ( ) the correct answers. 1. In which city was the first Table Tennis World Championship held? a) b) London c) Beijing d) Tokyo 2. Today’s tennis balls are made of celluloid plastic. What were they originally made of? a) cork b) wood c) rubber d) all of these Great Indian scientists

Use the clues to identify the Indian mathematicians and scientists whose contributions have benefitted humanity through the ages. 1. He was a great ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician known for his work on the revolution of the earth, prediction of eclipses, and the use of place value in number systems. India’s first satellite was named after him. ______2. He was the principal contributor and practitioner of the ancient Aryabhata system of Indian medicine, called Ayurveda, and wrote a book on it. ______3. His groundbreaking work was in shalya tantra—curing patients through surgeries. He developed various unique techniques to dissect the human body and study its structure.

______Charaka 4. He was an outstanding Indian astronomer and mathematician, who also had a thorough knowledge of western astronomy. He is known for his book Pancha-siddhantika, a detailed study of western and Indian astronomy. ______5. He was an Indian astronomer and mathematician of the 7th century. His major work includes the books the Mahabhaskariya Sushruta and Laghubhaskariya, that dealt with the longitudes of planets, solar and lunar eclipses, and the phases of the moon. ______6. He was an ancient Indian astronomer of the 6th century, known for his book Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta, an astronomical work. He defined zero as the result of subtracting a number from itself. ______Titbits Ayurveda is the traditional system of Indian medicine. It is widely practised in various parts of Asia and is used to prevent and treat various diseases. This age-long field of medicine originated in India, perhaps as early as 3,000 years ago. Brain teasers

Answer the following riddles. 1. Write down the first letter of each word from the following sentence to make the abbreviation of a space science agency of international repute. Also write the full form of this agency. Nature’s anger silences all. ______and ______

2. Unscramble the words in the following sentence to make it meaningful. Srinivasa Ramanujan was a onrewend Indian amhetmtaicnai. ______, ______

3. Five boys named A, B, C, D, and E were eating five bananas. D finishes his banana before A but after C. E finishes his banana before B but after A. Write down the order in which they finish their bananas. ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

4. Aman tells Natasha, ‘Your brother is the son of my father’s sister.’ How is Natasha related to Aman’s father? ______

5. What is it that never gets hurt when it falls? ______

6. What has a neck but no head? ______

7. What has a head and a tail but no legs? ______

8. Make the word TORN from the word CONE by changing one letter at a time. On changing the letter the word should still make sense.

C O N E — — — — — — — — T O R N Animals in danger

Many animal species are rapidly disappearing from the earth. These animals are called endangered animals. Read about some endangered animals here, and find out why they are disappearing.

Black rhinoceros, the Pangolins, also smaller of the two African species, called scaly anteaters, are found in different parts of the curl into a ball when threatened. African subcontinent. These animals are Some pangolins, such as the African critically endangered, due to extensive black-bellied pangolin, live entirely in hunting and threat to their natural habitat. trees. Others live on land. All pangolin Large-scale poaching is also a major threat species are hunted for to black rhinos as they are killed mostly their meat. Their skin for their horns, and scales are used in which are used for traditional medicines. making traditional As a result, pangolins medicines or have become highly ornaments. endangered.

Leatherback sea turtles are Orangutans, known for their named so because they have leather- distinctive red fur, are the largest like shells. They are the world’s largest mammals living in the trees. They are sea turtle species. They are very important found in rainforests on the Southeast Asian for marine life as they eat species of jellyfish islands of Sumatra and Borneo. Orangutans and keep their numbers in check. Increased have been classified as critically endangered egg collection and capture have led to a steady animals, with their numbers declining decline in their number, drastically over the years because of making leatherback habitat loss and turtles critically hunting. endangered now. Asian elephants Red pandas, with have been revered for a length of about two centuries in Asia as they play an feet, are only slightly larger than important role in the continent’s culture domestic cats and have bear-like bodies and religion. Smaller than their African with thick red fur. They mostly live in trees, counterpart, Asian elephants can be identified and more than half of by their smaller, rounder ears. Habitat loss due them are found in the to expanding human settlements, agricultural Eastern Himalayas. plantations, and large developmental works like Less than 10,000 of dams have led to a decrease in their numbers. them exist in the wild. Poaching too is a major threat to elephants The loss of trees and in Asia as they are killed for their ivory bamboo in forests tusks, meat, leather, and has caused a huge other products. decline in the red panda’s population.

Quick quiz Answer the following questions. 1. Which animal makes the longest migration? ______2. On which continent will you find the rare black spider monkey? ______3. Which subspecies of tigers is the largest of all? ______4. Which endangered toothed whale is the largest? ______5. The cape hunting dogs or hyena dogs are one of the world’s most endangered animals and differ from other dogs in having only four toes on each foot. On which continent are they found? ______6. Name the apes, also called pygmy chimpanzees, which are found only in the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. ______

sperm whale bonobo Arctic tern South America Siberian Epic sagas

The term ‘epic’ refers to long narrative poems, movies, or novels describing heroic deeds. Most epics are legendary tales about the glories and deeds of heroes from mythology and history. Name the authors of these famous epics.

1. The ancient Greek epic, the Iliad is the story of Achilles, of his anger and determination, and how he slew the Trojan hero Hector. ______

2. The Ramayana is an Indian epic written in Sanskrit. It tells the story of Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana of Ayodhya, which includes Rama’s victory over Ravana, and their lives thereafter. ______

3. Orlando furioso is an Italian epic about the war between Christians and pagans. ______

4. This poet wrote the Aeneid, a Latin epic poem describing the legends of Aeneas. It was written between the 30th and 19th century BCE. ______

5. Paradise Lost, considered to be one of the greatest poems in the English language, is a 17th century poem. It narrates the biblical story of the fall of the angels and the creation of Adam and Eve. ______

6. The Divine Comedy is a 14th century epic. It is divided into three major parts— Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. In the epic, the poet is guided by Virgil from hell to heaven. ______

Titbits

Homer is believed to have been a blind poet, wandering from place to place reciting poems. Some scholars believe that the epics were not written by any one person but are a compilation of stories by different people over a period of time. Homer Give one-word answers to these questions, based on religious books and scriptures.

1. What is the name of the scriptural work whose theme is Krishna’s response to Arjuna’s concerns about killing the members of his family in the ensuing Mahabharata war? ______

2. Which god is Arjuna’s father in the Mahabharata? ______

3. Who helps Ravana in capturing Sita? ______

4. What was the name of the account written by Ashvaghosha on the life and teachings of Buddha? ______

5. Which piece of his wife’s jewellery does Kovalan, the hero in the Tamil epic Chilappatikaram, try to sell to an evil goldsmith for which he is accused of being a thief? ______

6. In the epic Man . , the heroine of the same name goes to Vanchi to perform penance. Vanchi served as the capital of which great dynasty? ______

7. The legends of the ancestors of which avatar of Vishnu are narrated in Kalidasa’s Raghuvamsha? ______

8. In which language were the Ramayana and the Mahabharata first written? ______

9. In the Ramayana, who cuts off Surpanakha’s nose? ______

10. In the Mahabharata, who was Karna’s mother? ______

Titbits

Did you know that the Mahabharata is the longest poem ever to be written? The book currently contains about 1,00,000 or stanzas. QU IZ YOURSELF 1

1. Who was the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal? ______2. Which team won the UEFA European Championship 2016? ______3. Which is the most populated country in the world? ______4. Which Indian freedom fighter is also known as ‘Punjab Kesari’? ______5. In which city of India will you find the famous Marina Beach? ______6. 10 Downing Street is the official residence of which country’s prime minister? ______7. Which is the smallest country in the world? ______8. What is the full form of GPS—the satellite-based navigation and location system? ______9. Which medical speciality deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels? ______10. Which IT company was co-founded by NR Narayana Murthy, which later became the first Indian company to be listed on an American stock exchange? ______11. Who was the eldest Kaurava in the Mahabharata? ______12. Who is the author of the book A Tale of Two Cities? ______13. With which sport is the Durand Cup associated? ______14. In a division problem, the remainder is greater than the divisor. Is it true or false? ______15. Who was the first non-European and non-white to win the Nobel Prize in any category? ______

How many did you get right?

What your score means: 13–15: ; 9–12: ; 5–8: ; 0–4: Logical reasoning I

Answer the following questions. 1. Examine the following grid and identify which number should replace the question mark?

11 23 ? 42 54 65

2. Complete the number series by filling the missing numbers. 6, 17, 50, 149, _____, ______. 3. What should be added to the greatest four-digit number to make it the smallest five-digit number? 4. Which is the odd one out among the following? a) (8-72) b) (6-42) c) (9-81) d) (7-56) 5. In Roman numerals, the Red Fort was built in MDCXLVIII. Which year does it represent? 6. Measure the given lines and choose the correct option.

A B C a) A is longer than B and C b) A, B, and C are of the same size c) C is longer than A and B 7. Observe the given figure and choose the correct option. A B

C D

a) AB is longer b) CD is longer c) Both are of the same size

8. Fill the given grid with numbers 1 to 9. Make sure that each 4 row and the two diagonals have the same total. 5 6 Airports of the world

Can you name these airports? s 1. The international airport at has been named Titbit after an Indian freedom fighter, famous for his The Kansai Airport, in motivational slogan ‘Dilli chalo’. Japan, is built entirely ______on an artificial island, so that it can operate 2. This international airport in New Orleans, Louisiana, is 24 hours a day without named after a famous jazz singer. disturbing people with ______the noise. 3. This international airport in is named after a renowned Western classical music composer. ______4. Named after a former president of , this is the main airport of Paris. ______5. The international airport in Serbia is named after the pioneer of AC electrical supply systems. ______Name the airlines whose logos are given below.

1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______

Match these airports with the countries they belong to. 1. Frankfurt Airport a) Japan 2. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport b) Thailand 3. Suvarnabhumi Airport c) Germany 4. Narita International Airport d) Philippines 5. Ninoy Aquino International Airport e) Indonesia Homonyms

Words which have the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings are called homonyms. Each of the given sentences contains two homonyms. Read the sentences carefully and tick ( ) the correct answers.

1. Keshav went to the market in the evening to buy some (stationery/stationary) for school.

2. Aditya had to return his dog’s collar, which he had bought online, because it was too (lose/loose).

3. Radha’s teacher told her that the (principle/principal) wanted her to represent the school in an art competition.

4. The lioness hunts her (pray/prey) by crouching low in the grass until she gets close enough to pounce on it.

5. Rakesh’s family stayed in a (suite/sweet) on the topmost floor of a hotel, when they went on vacation.

6. The (sale/sail) in the marketplace never fails to attract a huge rush on weekends.

7. The tired travellers decided to stop at the roadside (inn/in) to rest, before they continued their journey to the city.

8. The bus conductor insisted that all passengers pay the (fair/fare) when they boarded the bus.

9. The (coarse/course) material of the shirt gave Aayan a rash on his shoulders.

10. Strawberries and cream (complement/compliment) each other very well. Traditional paintings of India

How much do you really know about Indian paintings? Read this to know about the different styles of traditional Indian paintings.

Madhubani painting has striking Pattachitra is derived from geometrical patterns, which are traditionally done on a freshly the words and . plastered or mud wall with natural dyes means canvas and means picture. Most of the themes of and pigments. The paintings are basically of a ritual nature for particular occasions, such as traditional pattachitra are based on Hindu birth, marriage, and festivals. The main feature mythology. This form of cloth-based scroll painting is mainly rooted in Odisha. of this style, from the Mithila region of Bihar, is that it usually leaves no empty space on the canvas.

Tanjore painting originated in Thanjavur, a region in Tamil Nadu. Tanjore Warli folk painting paintings, which mainly depict does not show images of deities or sacred icons, are made by placing mythological characters. Instead, it is layers of cloth on a a depiction of the daily lives and social wooden plank. They events of the Warli tribe of . also use rich and vivid Warli paintings use mostly white colour, with colours, gold foil, occasional dots in red and yellow, on a mud inlays of glass, and base. Warli paintings even semi-precious are usually painted stones. by women. Miniature painting, finely The name , wrought and minutely a technique of printing detailed painting, flourished in the fabric, comes from the Sanskrit Mughal period. It also became very term . Parts of the cloth popular in the Rajputana kingdoms, where are pinched and tied up many styles and schools of miniature painting before dyeing so that flourished. The paintings are made on ivory when the cloth is dried, panels, leather, marble, cloth, walls, wooden the tied parts form tablets, and paper. Colours made from precious patterns. Bandhani cloth stones, vegetables and minerals, as well as pure is considered to be a gold and silver are used. Court scenes and symbol of girlhood hunting expeditions of kings are often the and love. themes of these paintings.

Kalamkari, meaning artwork using a pen, is formed from two words— (pen) and (work). The artist uses a bamboo pen or and natural dyes to paint on cotton or silk fabric. The kalamkari tradition chiefly consists of scenes from Hindu mythology. Quick quiz Answer the following questions. 1. What is a traditional Tibetan Buddhist painting called? ______2. Which style of embroidery is done with white cotton threads on plain muslin cloth? Lucknow, in Uttar Pradesh, is the chief centre of this style. ______3. Which Kashmiri papier mâché art form uses flower motifs and is made on paper pulp objects? ______4. Name the famous form of embroidery from Punjab, which literally means ‘floral craft’. ______k Making a birdy ban TO DO dy bank. make your own bir Here is how you can ed Things you will ne le balloon, three bott Old newspapers, a e, a pair of rks of the same siz caps or co r, , your paint kit, flou scissors, a penknife and water To do the end carefully. on and tie a knot at 1. Inflate the ballo and one cup t five cups of water Ask an adult to hea es a 2. l the solution becom oil continuously til of flour. B l down completely to let the paste coo thick paste. Be sure before you use it. ces. Soak the aper into small pie 3. Tear the newsp pieces in the paste. soaked with layers of the balloon completely 4. Cover the nd of the balloon g just the knotted e paper paste, keepin n dry. free. Let the balloo er pulp paste pletely dry, the pap 5. When com pop of the balloon. Now will take the shape ly. the balloon careful ork with a dult to sharpen a c ake the help of an a e cork at 6. T a bird’s beak. Fit th to make it look like penknife, y in through here. will put your mone the open end. You ttom as the ning corks at the bo 7. Stick the remai feet of the bird. wings. , draw its eyes and 8. Colour the bird birdy bank! ng money in your Now start savi Rivers of India

Complete the following table by filling in the empty columns.

River Where it originates Where it ends

1. Lake Manasarowar Arabian Sea (Tibet)

2. Ganges

3. Yamuna Merges with the Ganga (Allahabad)

4. Brahmaputra Merges with the Ganga (empties into the Bay of Bengal)

5. Rohtang Pass Merges with the Sutlej (Punjab) (Himachal Pradesh)

6. Mahi Gulf of Khambhat (Gujarat)

7. Mahanadi near Dhamtari district (Chhattisgarh)

8. Krishna Bay of Bengal

9. Gawilgarh Hills Arabian Sea (Madhya Pradesh)

10. Narmada Arabian Sea

11. Godavari Bay of Bengal

12. Kaveri Brahmagiri hill (Karnataka) Miracles of nature

Besides providing us food and raw materials, some plants also have medicinal properties. Read about some such plants here.

Aloe vera is Indian ginseng believed to help people ( ) is a stay young. It has a positive medicinal herb, used for the effect on the skin. The juice of this treatment of intestinal infections, plant is used for making cosmetics and nervous disorders, and leprosy. All the medicines for treating burns. Aloe vera parts of the plant, including the roots, bark, also exhibits other healing qualities, leaves, fruits, and seeds, are used for medicinal like lowering blood-glucose levels purposes. in diabetic patients and reducing arthritic swelling.

Sandalwood ( ) is believed Indian to have many medicinal gooseberry ( ) is a properties. It is commonly used rich source of vitamin C. It is to cure various skin disorders, used to treat jaundice and diarrhoea. treat patients with It also helps to get rid of cough and urinary tract cold infection, and soothe burning sensations. Wild turmeric Cinnamon ( ) is a medicinal ( ) is a spice that we herb with special antibiotic are all familiar with when it comes and antiseptic properties. It to desserts and pastries. But it is also helps in treating digestive and believed to have medicinal properties. liver problems, wounds, and skin It helps to treat respiratory and digestive diseases. ailments.

Quick quiz Answer the following questions. 1. Of the four systems of medicine—Ayurveda, Allopathy, Unani, and Siddha, which system does not entirely depend on the medicinal properties of plants? ______2. Match the medicinal plants with the diseases they are commonly used to treat by writing the correct letters in the given boxes. Plant Remedy for a) bhringraj i) skin diseases b) amla ii) cough and cold c) tulsi iii) hair loss d) isabgol iv) scurvy e) neem v) constipation f) clove vi) toothache Word ladder WORD GAME Use the clues to change the top word in the ladder into a new word by changing only one alphabet each time.

1. a healthy drink MILK 2. where flour is made

3. the determination to do something

4. a boundary

5. to go on foot

6. to communicate by speaking

7. not short

8. to go down quickly

9. not succeed

10. a silvery sheet to cover and keep food fresh

11. to work hard

12. the money paid when crossing a bridge or a highway

13. to let someone know

14. that which chimes, usually found in a church or a temple

15. a piece of leather or fabric that you wear around BELT your waist Golden voices of a bygone era

Identify and name these legendary singers. You may choose your answers from the help box.

1. ______2. ______3. ______

4. ______5. ______6. ______

Bhupen Hazarika

Pandit Jasraj Elton John

Jagjit Singh Frank Sinatra 7. ______M Balamuralikrishna

Titbits There are two principal types of Indian classical music—Carnatic and Hindustani. Hindustani music is practised mainly in northern India whereas Carnatic music is more popular in southern India. Hindustani music reflects Persian and Arab musical influences from medieval times. In Carnatic music, most compositions, which are rhythm intensive and structured, are meant to be sung, and even if purely instrumental, are meant to be performed in the or singing style. In Hindustani music, melodic improvisation plays a big role, and vocal and instrumental music can have distinct styles. Logos and symbols

Match the products with their company name and logos.

Name of the company Product Logo of the company

a) International Business 1. a clothing company Machines Corporation i)

b) Lacoste 2. a web browser ii)

c) Mozilla 3. a consumer electronics Foundation company iii)

4. a computer software and d) HSBC hardware company

iv)

e) Apple Inc. 5. a banking company v) Sporting legends

Identify these famous sportspersons. Choose your answers from the help box. Also, name the sports that they played.

1. ______2. ______3. ______Rahul Dravid ______Diego Maradona Michael Jordan Jack Nicklaus Magnus Carlsen Carl Lewis Andre Agassi 4. ______5. ______6. ______Lance Armstrong ______

7. ______8. ______

Titbits Michael Phelps is an American swimmer with 28 Olympic medals, which include 23 gold. At the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, he became the first athlete to win eight gold medals at a single Olympics. At the 2012 Olympics in London, he became the first male swimmer to win gold at the same individual event at three consecutive Olympics. The moving machines

Imagine what life must have been like before cars were invented. In what ways have cars changed our lives since then? Learn more about these wonder machines on wheels here.

Windscreen Protective glass Windscreen wiper and plastic pane Titbits Cleans the windshield Washer nozzle Early cars were Squirts cleaning liquid very expensive on the windshield and difficult to Bonnet drive. In 1908, Henry Ford Lid-like covering which designed a car called the protects the engine Model T, which people could afford. In the next 19 years, Grill he sold 1,55,00,000 of the Protects the cars in the United States, radiator almost 10,00,000 more in Canada, and 2,50,000 in Great Britain. Headlight Lamp on the front of the vehicle

Wing Part of the body forming a Some types of cars casing around the wheels

Sedan Hatchback SUV MUV Sports car It is a car that can seat It is a car with a door (Sports Utility Vehicle) (Multi Utility Vehicle) It is a two-seater four or more people and at the back end, which It is a car that has This spacious high-speed car. has an extended boot. opens upwards. been designed for car is capable of rough surfaces. It carrying five to is designed to carry eight passengers or passengers as well luggage with foldable as cargo. seats. It is designed for long-distance comfort. Unusual cars

Solar-powered cars Stretch limousine Amphibious car Lunar rover These cars have solar panels These mostly carry famous people. This car is as efficient in The Lunar Rover, also which turn sunlight into Usually black or white, these can water as it is on the road. known as moon buggy, was electricity that drives the cars. seat up to ten passengers. the first car on the moon!

Sunroof Movable part in the Aerial roof that opens up To receive radio waves broadcast Drip moulding Small open canal that Titbits captures and drains rainwater from the roof In a hybrid car, the engine can run on two or more sources of Boot Enclosed space at the back of power—one being the the vehicle to hold cargo conventional internal combustion engine and the other a different Fuel tank flap power source. Flap concealing the fuel tank opening . Tyre Wheel trim Door Metal or plastic part concealing the wheel hub

Body side Door lock moulding Metal or plastic part to protect against light impact Answer these questions. 1. Who started the car company Ford? ______2. Which of the following companies is not a manufacturer of motorbikes? a) Suzuki b) BMW c) Bristol d) Peugeot 3. Name the car brands from their logos given below.

a) ______b) ______c) ______d) ______Dodge the disaster Play this board game with a friend to find out how prepared you are to dodge a disaster. Begin from Start. The one who reaches the End first is the winner. 56 58 57 After the tsunami, You live near a volcano. when your family is You regularly distribute asked to evacuate, d pamphlets that inform En you leave the everyone about the disaster kit behind. city’s evacuation route. 41 42 44

40 39 37 36 There is You smell gas You can feel the a thunderstorm in your house right tremors of an outside. You decide after the earthquake earthquake. You to go out and get and immediately get warn others not to drenched. everyone out of the building. get into an elevator. 21 22 24 25

20 19 17 16 After the flood, you warn your little brother not to touch any electrical point. 2 4 5 t The house is on tar fire! You insist that S everyone leaves the house immediately instead of looking for things. 54 53 52 51 There is a tsunami You live near the warning. You make coast and listen to the plans with your friends TV and radio regularly to go to the beach to for cyclone warnings. take some photographs. You inform others too! 46 47 50 In winter, whenever you go out, you are always well-equipped to fight a winter storm.

33 32 31 While in the park, you are caught in a thunderstorm. You lie flat on the ground. 26 28 30 A tornado is approaching! You do not move away from the window.

14 11 There is a flood warning. You immediately put together an emergency kit. 6 8 10