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Ltivariate Methods in Aquaculture Research: F* Case Studies of Tilapias in Experimental and Commercial Systems

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Ltivariate Methods in Aquaculture Research: F* Case Studies of Tilapias in Experimental and Commercial Systems ltivariate Methods in Aquaculture Research: f* Case Studies of Tilapias in Experimental and Commercial Systems Edited by M. Prein G. data D. Pauly INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PHILIPPINES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION BUNDESMINISTERIUM FUR WIRTSCHAFTLICHE ZUSAMMENARBEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG (BMZ) ISRAEL FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 207 Multivariate Methods in Aquaculture Research: Case Studies of Tilapias SF -7k in Experimental and Commercial Systems itfz~ &, 1 Published by the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), MCPO Box 2631, 0718 Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and Bundesministerium fiir Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ), Karl-Marx-Strasse 4-6, D-5300 Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany. Printed in Manila, Philippines Prein, M., G. Hulata and D. Pauly, Editors. 1993. Multivariate methods in aquaculture research: case studies of tilapias in experimental and commercial systems. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 20, 221 p. ISSN 0115-4389 ISBN 971-1022-85-0 Cover design by Mark Prein and Angela Egold. Picture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a computerized image of this species as provided in FishBase, ICLARM's comprehensive database on fishes of the world (digitization artist: Robbie Cada). ICLARM Contribution No. 669 Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Balfour Hepher (1925- 1 988) Contents .. ICLARM Foreword R.S.V. Pullin ........................................................................................................... vu ... ARO Foreword Y. Folman ...................................................................................................................... vu BMZ Foreword H.-J. de Haas .................................................................................................................. ix On the Use of Multivariate Statistical Methods in Aquaculture Research M. Prein, G. Hulata and D. Pauly ................................................................................................... 1 Methods of Multivariate Analysis Multiple Regression Analysis of Aquaculture Experiments Based on the "Extended Gulland-and-Holt Plot": Model Derivation, Data Requirements and Recommended Procedures D. Pauly, M. Prein and K.D. Hopkins ...................................................................................13 Factor and Canonical Correlation Analyses: Basic Concepts, Data Requirements and Recommended Procedures A. Milstein ............................................ 24 Two New Approaches for Examining Multivariate Aquaculture Growth Data: the "Extended Bayley Plot" and Path Analysis M. Prein and D. Pauly ............................................................................................................. 32 Applications of Multivariate Analysis to Experimental Data Multiple Regression and Path Analysis of Nile Tilapia Growth in Integrated Livestock-Fish Culture in the Philippines M. Prein ......................................... 50 Factor and Canonical Correlation Analysis of Nile Tilapia Production in Integrated Livestock-Fish Culture in the Philippines A. Milstein and M. Prein .................................................................................................. 67 Multivariate Analysis of Tilapia Growth Experiments in Israel, Zambia and Peru M. Prein ...............................................................................................75 Multiple Regression Analysis of Growth of Tilapia rendalli in Polyculture with Oreochromis shiranus as Affected by Water Quality and Pond Inputs B.A. Costa-Pierce, A.A. van Dam and M.V. Kapeleta ........................................................... 88 Multivariate Analysis of Growth of Juvenile Tilapia Oreochromis aureus and 0. niloticus, Cichlidae, Reared in Recirculating Systems G. Mair and D. Pauly .............................................................................................................. 97 Instantaneous Mortalities and Multivariate Models: Applications to Tilapia Culture in Saline Water K.D. Hopkins and D. Pauly ........................................................ 105 Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationships Between Management Inputs and Fish Yield or Profit in Fish Polyculture Experimental Ponds G. Hulata, A. Milstein and A. Goldman ................................................................................ 112 Applications of Multivariate Analysis to Commercial Systems Factor Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis of Fish Production in Commercial Farms in Israel A. Milstein and G. Hulata ................................................... 119 Multiple Regression Analysis of Fish Yield and Profit in Commercial Fish Farms in Israel A. Milstein, A. Goldman and G. Hulata ........................................ 161 Multiple Regression and Path Analysis of Tilapia Growth in Commercial Fish Farms in Israel M. Prein and A. Milstein ..................................................................... 178 Multiple Regression Analysis of Growth and Production of Oreochromis niloticus in Net Cages in Lake Sampaloc, Philippines L.V. Aquino-Nielsen, A.S. Manrique-Pempengco and M. Prein ............................................ 189 Appendices I Reprint of: A method for the analysis of pond growth experiments D. Pauly and K.D. Hopkins (ICLARM Newsletter 6(1):10-12; 1983),with comments by L. Lovshin and reply by D. Pauly (ICLARM Newsletter 7(2):30; 1984) ............... 199 I1 Documentation of Available 5-114" MS-DOS Data Diskettes on the Analyzed Data ................. 204 I11 Indexes Prepared by F.S.B. Torres, Jr. Author Index .........................................................................................................................21 7 Geographic Index ..................................................................................................................219 Species Index ....................................................................................................................... 220 ICLARM Foreword One of the goals of ICLARM is the development of appropriate quantitative methods for the general area of tropical fisheries and aquaculture research. Outside of ICLARM, the need for the development of such methods is widely acknowledged with regard to fisheries, but this is not so for aquaculture, perhaps because it is often perceived as requiring methods and approaches that are site- or species-specific. The present volume, the result of fruitful cooperation between the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) and ICLARM, and of generous support by the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), may help redress the methodological imbalance between fisheries and aquaculture research, and initiate more work on methods applicable to both fields. This volume emphasizes the following points: Although aquaculture can be very site-specific, there are many questions that can be tackled on a comparative basis, across sites - given that suitable concepts and quantitative methods are applied. Aquaculture experiments and commercial production systems generate a large amount of data that are not only suitable for computer-based quantitative analysis, but actually require such analysis, just as with the massive catch and catch composition datasets generated by commercial fisheries. The standard methods used by aquaculturists to analyze their experimental results - Latin square and related designs for the experimental layout, ANOVA for analysis of yields, absolute or relative growth rates for analysis of fish growth in ponds, etc. - may generally fail to extract important information, mainly because they cannot account for the multifactor, synergistic effects which only the analysis of large datasets with multivariate methods can make visible. ICLARM has given much emphasis, in its various aquaculture projects, to the tilapias, both as crucial elements in aquaculture-agriculture integration schemes, and as test animals for genetic improvement of organisms used in tropical aquaculture. I am therefore particularly pleased to see that this book documents our emphasis on both methodology development and on tilapias in one volume. I hope that the methods illustrated in this book will find wide application and be further developed. To encourage this, a set of four diskettes has been assembled, which contains the data files used by the authors of the various contributions assembled here. These diskettes are available for a nominal fee from ICLARM. Finally, I take this opportunity to thank ARO, particularly Gideon Hulata and Ana Milstein, for their cooperation in this project and BMZ for its unflagging support of the project which led to this book. DR. ROGERS.V. PULLIN Director Aquaculture Program ICLARM vii ARO Foreword It is generally considered that aquaculture has the potential to generate additional, diverse sources of protein for the growing human population, particularly in developing countries. With the aim to strengthen the research base on tropical pond aquaculture systems, ARO of Israel's Ministry of Agriculture joined in with ICLARM. On the Israeli side, this work was performed by the staff ofthe Fish and Aquaculture Research Station at Dor. This work was part of a larger Aquaculture Project, funded by the Federal Republic of Germany-Israel Fund for Agricultural Research in Third World Countries (GIARA), which is financed by BMZ. The aim of the project was to retrieve available
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