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Computing Versus Human Thinking
By Peter Naur, recipient of ACM’s 2005 A.M. Turing Award Computing Versus Human Thinking n this presentation I shall give you an overview of efforts. Indeed, I have found that a large part of what Imy works from the past fifty years concerning the is currently said about human thinking and about sci- issue given in the title. Concerning this title I entific and scholarly activity is false and harmful to invite you to note particularly the middle word, ‘ver- our understanding. I realize that my presentation of sus’. This word points to the tendency of my efforts some of these issues may be offensive to you. This I around this theme, to wit, to clarify the contrast regret, but it cannot be avoided. between the two items, computing and human thinking. This tendency of my work has found its DESCRIPTION AS THE CORE ISSUE OF SCIENCE AND ultimate fulfilment in my latest result, which is a SCHOLARSHIP description of the nervous system showing that this The tone of critique and rejection of established system has no similarity whatever to a computer. ideas has its roots in my earliest activity, from its very It is ironic that my present award lecture is given beginning more than fifty years ago. Already in my under the title of Turing. As a matter of fact, one part work in astronomy, around 1955, a decisive item in of my work concerning computing and human think- my awareness came from Bertrand Russell’s explicit ing has been an explicit critique, or rejection, of the rejection of any notion of cause as a central issue of ideas of one prominent contribution from Alan Tur- scientific work. -
An Early Program Proof by Alan Turing F
An Early Program Proof by Alan Turing F. L. MORRIS AND C. B. JONES The paper reproduces, with typographical corrections and comments, a 7 949 paper by Alan Turing that foreshadows much subsequent work in program proving. Categories and Subject Descriptors: 0.2.4 [Software Engineeringj- correctness proofs; F.3.1 [Logics and Meanings of Programs]-assertions; K.2 [History of Computing]-software General Terms: Verification Additional Key Words and Phrases: A. M. Turing Introduction The standard references for work on program proofs b) have been omitted in the commentary, and ten attribute the early statement of direction to John other identifiers are written incorrectly. It would ap- McCarthy (e.g., McCarthy 1963); the first workable pear to be worth correcting these errors and com- methods to Peter Naur (1966) and Robert Floyd menting on the proof from the viewpoint of subse- (1967); and the provision of more formal systems to quent work on program proofs. C. A. R. Hoare (1969) and Edsger Dijkstra (1976). The Turing delivered this paper in June 1949, at the early papers of some of the computing pioneers, how- inaugural conference of the EDSAC, the computer at ever, show an awareness of the need for proofs of Cambridge University built under the direction of program correctness and even present workable meth- Maurice V. Wilkes. Turing had been writing programs ods (e.g., Goldstine and von Neumann 1947; Turing for an electronic computer since the end of 1945-at 1949). first for the proposed ACE, the computer project at the The 1949 paper by Alan M. -
Software Tools: a Building Block Approach
SOFTWARE TOOLS: A BUILDING BLOCK APPROACH NBS Special Publication 500-14 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards ] NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the ! Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essen- tial services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research — Lab- oratory Astrophysics^ — Cryogenics^ — Electromagnetics^ — Time and Frequency*. THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measure- ment, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational insti- tutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. -
Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering
Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering Theengineering paradigm Software Engineering Lecture 3 The term "software crisis" was coined at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 by: Friedrich. L. Bauer Nationality;German, mathematician, theoretical physicist, Technical University of Munich Friedrich L. Bauer 1924 3/24 The term "software crisis" was coined at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 by: Peter Naur Nationality;Dutch, astronomer, Regnecentralen, Niels Bohr Institute, Technical University of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Peter Naur 1928 4/24 Whatshouldbe ourresponse to software crisis which provided with too little quality, too late deliver and over budget? Nationality;Dutch, astronomer, Regnecentralen, Niels Bohr Institute, Technical University of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Peter Naur 1928 5/24 Software should following an engineering paradigm NATO conference in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1968 Peter Naur 1928 6/24 The hope is that the progress in hardware will cure all software ills. The Oberon System User Guide and Programmer's Manual. ACM Press Nationality;Swiss, electrical engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Institute for Media Communications Martin Reiser 7/24 However, a critical observer may notethat software manages to outgrow hardware in size and sluggishness. The Oberon System User Guide and Programmer's Manual. ACM Press Nationality;Swiss, electrical engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Institute for Media Communications Martin Reiser 8/24 Wirth's computing adage Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster. Nationality;Swiss, electronic engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University University of Zurich. Xerox PARC. -
Edsger W. Dijkstra: a Commemoration
Edsger W. Dijkstra: a Commemoration Krzysztof R. Apt1 and Tony Hoare2 (editors) 1 CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and MIMUW, University of Warsaw, Poland 2 Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge and Microsoft Research Ltd, Cambridge, UK Abstract This article is a multiauthored portrait of Edsger Wybe Dijkstra that consists of testimo- nials written by several friends, colleagues, and students of his. It provides unique insights into his personality, working style and habits, and his influence on other computer scientists, as a researcher, teacher, and mentor. Contents Preface 3 Tony Hoare 4 Donald Knuth 9 Christian Lengauer 11 K. Mani Chandy 13 Eric C.R. Hehner 15 Mark Scheevel 17 Krzysztof R. Apt 18 arXiv:2104.03392v1 [cs.GL] 7 Apr 2021 Niklaus Wirth 20 Lex Bijlsma 23 Manfred Broy 24 David Gries 26 Ted Herman 28 Alain J. Martin 29 J Strother Moore 31 Vladimir Lifschitz 33 Wim H. Hesselink 34 1 Hamilton Richards 36 Ken Calvert 38 David Naumann 40 David Turner 42 J.R. Rao 44 Jayadev Misra 47 Rajeev Joshi 50 Maarten van Emden 52 Two Tuesday Afternoon Clubs 54 2 Preface Edsger Dijkstra was perhaps the best known, and certainly the most discussed, computer scientist of the seventies and eighties. We both knew Dijkstra |though each of us in different ways| and we both were aware that his influence on computer science was not limited to his pioneering software projects and research articles. He interacted with his colleagues by way of numerous discussions, extensive letter correspondence, and hundreds of so-called EWD reports that he used to send to a select group of researchers. -
A Common Programming Language for the Depart Final Ment of Defenses-Background and Technical January -December 1975 1 Requirements «
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited I 1 PAPER P-1191 A COMMON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 1 FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE - - I BACKGROUND AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS I I D. A. Fisher June 1976 I 1 I I I I INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES I SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION I I IDA Log No. HQ 76-18215 I Cop-)*- > . -JJ . of 155. cop I ess Approved for public release; distribution unlimited I I I I The work reported in this document was conducted under contract DAHC15 73 C 0200 for the Department of Defense. The publication I of this IDA Paper does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of that agency. I I I I This document has been approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. I I 1 1 1 I I I Copyright IDA/Scanned June 2007 I 1 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited UNCLASSIFIED - ©; ; ; : ;" -; .©, . 1 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE CWnen DM* Entered; READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM ). RECIPIENT©S CATALOG NUMBER 1 Paper P-J.191. 4. TITLE fend Subtitle.) 5. TYPE Of REPORT e PERIOD COVERED A Common Programming Language for the Depart Final ment of Defenses-Background and Technical January -December 1975 1 Requirements «. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER P-1191 I. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERflJ 1 DAHC15 73 C 0200 D.A, Fisher 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT TASK 1 INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES AREA * WORK UNIT NUMBERS 400 Army-Navy Drive Task T-36 Arlington. Virginia 22202 11. -
Structured Programming A.P.I.C
¢ . , v'~.1 c: STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING A.P.I.C. Studies in Data Processing General Editor: C. A. R. Hoare 1. Some Commercial Autocodes. A Comparative Study E. L. WiUey, A. d'Agapeyeff, Marion Tribe, B. J. Gibbens and Michelle Clarke. 2. A Primer of ALGOL 60 Programming E. W. Dijkstra 3. Input Language for Automatic Programming A. P. Yershov, G. I. Kozhukhin and U. Voloshin 4. Introduction to System Programming Edited by Peter Wegner 5. ALGOL 60 Implementation. The translation and use of Algol 60 Programs on a Computer B. RandeU and L. J. Russell 6. Dictionary for Computer Languages Hans Breuer 7. The Alpha Automatic Programming System Edited by A. P. Yershov 8. Structured Programming O.-J. Dahl, E. W. Dijkstra and C. A. R. Hoare In preparation Operating Systems Techniques Edited by C. A. R. Hoare and R. H. Perrott A.P.I.C. Studies in Data Processing No. 8 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING O.-J. DAHL Universitet i Oslo, Matematisk Institut, Blindern, Oslo, Norway E. W. DIJKSTRA Department of Mathematics, Technological University, Eindhoven, The Netherlands C. A. R. HOARE Department of Computer Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland 1972 ACADEMIC PRESS LONDON AND NEW YORK ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24]28 Oval Road, London NW1 United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Copyright © 1972 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. Second printing 1973 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72-84452 ISBN: 0--12-200550-3 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WHITSTABLE LITHO~ STRAKER BROTHERS LTD. -
Ebook Download Pluralism in Software Engineering : Turing
PLURALISM IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING : TURING AWARD WINNER PETER NAUR EXPLAINS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Edgar G Daylight | 134 pages | 19 Oct 2011 | Lonely Scholar | 9789491386008 | English | none Pluralism in Software Engineering : Turing Award Winner Peter Naur Explains PDF Book Ludwig Wittgenstein, by contrast, opposed a rational metaphysical view to our now digital world. By penetrating deeply into the research of William James, Naur gradually developed his own theory of how mental life is like at the neural level of the nervous system. Peter Straub Books. In he received his PhD in astronomy and in he joined the staff of Regnecentralen, specializing in high-level programming languages. Proteomics 14 , , Sort order. Refresh and try again. People in the automotive industry who have patience with my philosophical reflections often end up falling into Dreyfus's trap by saying the following:. Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. The flight management system for an Airbus A is software. Want to Read saving…. Lists with This Book. Todos tus libros Pluralism in Software Engineering. Our general desire to make AI more aware of the world as a whole instead of a set of rules notwithstanding, let's remember that adding rules to the training set for every new situation is more or less what happened with evolution. Steven Chang marked it as to-read Nov 18, Help Privacy Terms. Friday, July 24, Available from Amazon and many other stores. -
User's Manual for the ALCR-ILLINIS-7090 ALGL-60
•::../. ; '-> v.- V. -V.' skss Hi *lSn i'-fh B£H*wffi H HI BBfiffli? •LN. fln WW* WSMmm Ml H II B RAI^Y OF THE UN IVLRSITY Of ILLINOIS SlO.84 XSibus 1964 The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. University of Illinois Library i 1970 LI61— O-10Q6 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/usersmanualforalOOuniv »" DIGITAL COMPUTER LABORATORY GRADUATE COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS User's Manual for the ALCpR-ILLIN0IS-7O9O ALG0L-6O Translator University of Illinois 2nd Edition Manual Written and Revised by R. Bayer E. Murphree, Jr. D. Gries September 28, I96U . : Preface In June, 19^2, by arrangement between the University of Illinois and the ALCOR group in Europe, Dr. Manfred Paul, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat, Mainz, and Dr. Rudiger Wiehle, Munchen Technische Hochschule, Munich, began the design of the ALC0R-ILLIN0IS-7O9O ALGOL-60 Translator, the use of which is described in this Manual. They were joined in July, I962, by David Gries and the writer and later by Michael Rossin, Theresa Wang and Rudolf Bayer, all graduate students at the University of Illinois This manual is an effort to explain the differences which exist between publication ALGOL-60 as it is defined by the Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL-60 (as published in the January I963 issue of Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery) and as it actually has been implemented by the group named above, Relatively few features of ALGOL-60 have not been implemented, so this manual consists mostly of an explanation of the "hardware" representation of true ALGOL rather than deviations from it. -
Halting Problems: a Historical Reading of a Paradigmatic Computer Science Problem
PROGRAMme Autumn workshop 2018, Bertinoro L. De Mol Halting problems: a historical reading of a paradigmatic computer science problem Liesbeth De Mol1 and Edgar G. Daylight2 1 CNRS, UMR 8163 Savoirs, Textes, Langage, Universit´e de Lille, [email protected] 2 Siegen University, [email protected] 1 PROGRAMme Autumn workshop 2018, Bertinoro L. De Mol and E.G. Daylight Introduction (1) \The improbable symbolism of Peano, Russel, and Whitehead, the analysis of proofs by flowcharts spearheaded by Gentzen, the definition of computability by Church and Turing, all inventions motivated by the purest of mathematics, mark the beginning of the computer revolution. Once more, we find a confirmation of the sentence Leonardo jotted despondently on one of those rambling sheets where he confided his innermost thoughts: `Theory is the captain, and application the soldier.' " (Metropolis, Howlett and Rota, 1980) Introduction 2 PROGRAMme Autumn workshop 2018, Bertinoro L. De Mol and E.G. Daylight Introduction (2) Why is this `improbable' symbolism considered relevant in comput- ing? ) Different non-excluding answers... 1. (the socio-historical answers) studying social and institutional developments in computing to understand why logic, or, theory, was/is considered to be the captain (or not) e.g. need for logic framed in CS's struggle for disciplinary identity and independence (cf (Tedre 2015)) 2. (the philosophico-historical answers) studying history of computing on a more technical level to understand why and how logic (or theory) are in- troduced in the computing practices { question: is there something to com- puting which makes logic epistemologically relevant to it? ) significance of combining the different answers (and the respective approaches they result in) ) In this talk: focus on paradigmatic \problem" of (theoretical) computer science { the halting problem Introduction 3 PROGRAMme Autumn workshop 2018, Bertinoro L. -
A Static Analysis Framework for Security Properties in Mobile and Cryptographic Systems
A Static Analysis Framework for Security Properties in Mobile and Cryptographic Systems Benyamin Y. Y. Aziz, M.Sc. School of Computing, Dublin City University A thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Dr Geoff Hamilton September 2003 “Start by doing what’s necessary; then do what’s possible; and suddenly you are doing the impossible” St. Francis of Assisi To Yowell, Olivia and Clotilde Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: I.D. No.: Date: Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those people who were true sources of inspiration, knowledge, guidance and help to myself throughout the period of my doctoral research. In particular, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Geoff Hamilton, without whom this work would not have seen the light. I would also like to thank Dr. David Gray, with whom I had many informative conversations, and my colleagues, Thomas Hack and Fr´ed´ericOehl, for their advice and guidance. Finally, I would like to mention that the work of this thesis was partially funded by project IMPROVE (Enterprise Ireland Strategic Grant ST/2000/94). Benyamin Aziz Abstract We introduce a static analysis framework for detecting instances of security breaches in infinite mobile and cryptographic systems specified using the languages of the π-calculus and its cryptographic extension, the spi calculus. -
Education in Programming David Gries Dr. Rer. Nat., Munich Institute
Education in Programming David Gries Dr. rer. nat., Munich Institute of Technology, 1966 Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 1 1 A Glimerick of Hope David Gries, 1995 Abstract Well I got my degree at that place The world is turning to C, And my ancestors came from that race Though at best it is taught awkwardly, Though Great New York C But we don’t have to mope, Was the Birthplace of me There’s a glimmer of hope, And CS at Cornell is my base. In the methods of formality President Mary of Eire So I don't have a real PhD. Was supposed to come to regale ya. It's the Dr. Rer. Nat. that's for me. But matters of State And it's from MIT Made her cancel that date --On your side of the sea So you’re stuck with this guy from Bavaria Munich Inst. of Technolology 2 2 In 1962–63, in Illinois writing the ALCOR-ILLINOIS 7090 ALGOL Compiler I came to Munich to get a PhD (and finish the compiler) Manfred Paul Rudiger Wiehle Elaine and David Gries 3 3 Instrumental in the development of programming languages and their implementation A early as 1952, Bauer: Keller principle Influential in development of Algol 60 Educate the next generation of computer scientists 1968 and 1969 NATO Conferences on Software Engineering (Garmisch and Rome) 4 4 1968 and 1969 NATO Conferences Software Engineering (Garmisch and Rome) 5 5 1968 and 1969 NATO Conferences Software Engineering (Garmisch and Rome) 6 6 Instrumental in the development of programming languages and their implementation Educate the next generation of computer scientists 1968 and 1969 NATO Conferences on Software Engineering (Garmisch and Rome) The Marktoberdorf Summer Schools now led ably by Manfred Broy 7 7 The teaching of programming simplicity elegance perfection intellectual honesty Edsger W.