An Integration of Human Transport Planning Criteria in the Design of a Light Rail System with an Application to Ljubljana
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Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/Masterarbeit ist an der Hauptbibliothek der Technischen Universität Wien aufgestellt (http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at). The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology (http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/englweb/). DIPLOMARBEIT MASTER’S THESIS An integration of human transport planning criteria in the design of a light rail system with an application to Ljubljana carried out for the achievement of the academic degree of Diplom-Ingenieur under the guidance of o.Univ.Prof. Dipl.Ing. Dr.techn. Hermann Knoflacher and Univ.Ass. Dipl.Ing. Dr. Robert J. Kölbl at the Institute for Transportation Planning and Traffic Engineering (E231) Vienna University of Technology submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Vienna University of Technology by Tadej Brezina e616/9526139 Weilburgstraße 12/6/2 A-2500 Baden Vienna, April of 2004 Tadej Brezina light rail system – human transport planning criteria Index Abstract..........................................................................................................................3 Zusammenfassung (abstract in German)....................................................................3 Preface ...........................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction................................................................................................................6 1.1. The aim of the thesis ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2. The structure of the thesis................................................................................................. 6 2. The status quo of the city and its PT system..........................................................8 2.1. Brief history of public transport in Ljubljana....................................................................... 8 2.2. Description of the problem’s background ........................................................................ 11 2.3. The present city and its PT system ................................................................................. 13 2.3.1. The region................................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.2. The city’s structure................................................................................................................... 14 Shape, morphology and structure ................................................................................................................. 14 Population ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 The city’s other transport modes ................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2. The PT system......................................................................................................................... 23 The railway system........................................................................................................................................ 23 The regional bus system ............................................................................................................................... 25 The bus system in the city............................................................................................................................. 26 3. The planning process and methodology...............................................................29 3.1. Sustainable transport planning........................................................................................ 29 3.2. The tramway system and its variations ........................................................................... 30 3.2.1. The tramway renaissance........................................................................................................ 30 3.2.2. Rail-bound public transit modes in the city..............................................................................31 3.3. Parameters and principles connected with LRT planning ............................................... 34 3.3.1. Customer relations................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1.1. Transport supply............................................................................................................................... 38 3.3.1.2. Handicaps and barriers .................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1.3. “rail-bound bonus” in comparison to bus .......................................................................................... 39 3.3.1.4. Ride comfort..................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3.1.5. Safety ............................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3.2. Spatial entities – network......................................................................................................... 41 3.3.2.1. Size and morphology of city ............................................................................................................. 41 3.3.2.2. Catchment area................................................................................................................................ 43 3.3.2.3. Passenger potential.......................................................................................................................... 45 3.3.2.4. Spatial ROW alignment in comparison to city structure.................................................................... 46 3.3.2.5. Stop spacing and distribution ........................................................................................................... 46 3.3.2.6. System breakdown safety ................................................................................................................ 49 3.3.3. Integration into the city............................................................................................................. 52 3.3.3.1. Surface design ................................................................................................................................. 52 3.3.3.2. City structure redesign ..................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.3.3. Attractiveness of stop access and egress ........................................................................................ 61 3.3.3.4. Preferential treatment within the transport system ........................................................................... 63 3.3.3.5. Environmental impact....................................................................................................................... 64 - 1 - light rail system – human transport planning criteria 3.3.3.6. Use of space .................................................................................................................................... 65 3.3.3.7. Transport capacity............................................................................................................................ 66 3.3.3.8. Influence on the modal split.............................................................................................................. 67 3.3.3.9. Right of way...................................................................................................................................... 68 3.3.4. Economic aspects.................................................................................................................... 69 3.3.4.1. Costs ................................................................................................................................................ 69 3.3.4.2. Economic effectiveness.................................................................................................................... 74 3.3.5. Summary of planning parameters ....................................................................................................... 75 4. Description and analysis of different design plans..............................................77 4.1. The “Guzelj plan” from 1989............................................................................................ 78 4.1.1. Key features of the plan........................................................................................................... 78 4.1.2. Key argumentation................................................................................................................... 84 4.2. The blueprint of the “Bajželj group” ................................................................................. 85 4.2.1. Key features of the plan........................................................................................................... 85 4.2.2. Key argumentation................................................................................................................... 89 4.3. The most recent “TransportTechnologie-Consult” blueprint............................................ 91 4.3.1. Key features of the plan..........................................................................................................