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NOT to BE TAKEN from the LIBRARY Me NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY mE. NEW-ENGLAND HISTORIC GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. KIDDER FUND. Purchased.&.dl..^%JC!AL MR. FREDERIC KIDDER was born at New Ipswich, N. H., April 16, 1804, and died at Melrose, Mass., Dec. 19,1885, aged 81. See a memoir of him, with a portrait, in the New-England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 41, pages 120 to 140. Mr. Kidder bequeathed to three trustees five shares of the capital stock of the Cabot Manufacturing Company, the par value of which stock is (500 a share, to be held as a fund; and the said trustees are directed to purchase for the library of this society, with the income of this fund, books upon English and American history, biography, and genealogy, which books shall not be taken from the building. 'Jj-t-tst /?2- • • • A XJLJL* • • » BERWICK * REGISTER I<P4 COMPILED BY MITCHELL & CAMPBELL KENT'S HILL, MAINE: PUBLISHED BY THE H. E. MITCHELL PUBLISHING COMPANY 1904. V I Can Sell You One On Liberal Terms DO YOU WALT TO SELL YOUR FAp? Can Fin:i a Purchaser for You Lots and Houses in Madison and Anson sold on long time and easy payments. II Send for catalogue E. A. MERRIMAN IPLeal EsUatte Agges&ft TELEPHONE 22-5 MADISON, MAINE LOTHROP, FARNHAM & CO. RELIABLE DEALERS IN" JVten's and Bogs' Clothing Hats &r?d parrpis^ings 64 Market Square SOMERSWORTH, N. H. E. d. SMITH. Manager . TABLE OF CONTENTS General Description Indian Account Early Settlement Incorporation Military Matters Manufacturing Notes Educational Account Church History Societies and Institutions Facts of Interest Town Officials General Reference Census of Berwick Non-Residents of Berwick A, fa, TOYYIt! AGENT FOR Hub flanges and Furnaces TIN PLATE AND SHEET-IRON WORKER JOB WORK OF ALL KINDS TIN ROOFING A SPECIALTY SULLIVAN SQUARE BERWICK, MAINE BOOK & JOB PRINTING Neatly Done J(Co $>ob too lartie J(Co $>oh too small OUR WORK WILL PLEASE YOU IS NOT THIS A GOOD BOOK? WE MADE IT If 11 If If H 'lie piaciison Bulletin 7 OB PRINT MADISON, MAINE General Description Berwick, the ninth town incorporated in the state of Maine is situated in the south-western part of York County, twenty miles south south-west of Alfred, on the northern division ot the Boston and Maine Rail­ road. It is bounded on the north by Lebanon, on the east by North Berwick, on the south by South Ber­ wick, and on the west by the towns of Rochester, Somersworth and Rollinsford, in Strafford County, New Hampshire. The average length of the town is eight miles, and width five miles. The 1900 census gives its population approximately two thousand, area 30.000 acres, number of poles 653 and valuation of estates $953,641. The town was originally the north­ ern part of Kittery, the first town incorporated in the 6 HISTORICAL state of Maine, and was called by the Indians, Newichawannock. Prior to its incorporation it was known as the parish of Unity, a name supposed to have been given, either because ot the quiet and peaceful disposition of the settlers, or from their church which no doubt was Unitarian. June 9, 1713 it was incorporated as a town under the name of Berwick, so called from one of the Ber- wicks of England or Scotland. February 12, 1814, South Berwick known as the Lower Parish was taken from the south side, and North Berwick the eastern part of the Upper Parish from the North-east, March 22, 1831. Thus the town of Berwick at its incorpor­ ation comprised all that is now North, South and the present Berwick, with the exception oi a small tri­ angular piece, taken from York, and annexed to South Berwick in 1834. The conditions in the town for agricultural interests are excellent, and this branch of industry is prosperous. The soil in the southern part of the town is very fertile, while in the northern it is sandy. Forests of pine, hemlock and spruce abound although much has been cut during the past few years, and ever finds a ready market. The railroad facilities are good. The western branch of the Boston and Maine runs through the southern part of the town, while the northern division of the same road comes within a few rods of the town line, at Somerswortb, New Hampshire, on the western side. Excellent water power is available. The Salmon Falls River on the i HISTORICAL 7 western boundary furnishes a large supply of water for manufacturing, while the Little River in the north­ ern part and the Worcester River in the southern half, both flowing in a southeasterly direction and emptying into the large river, the Salmon Falls, contains many advantageous mill sites. The discription of this most historic town would be incomplete were we to forget the picturesque scenery along the banks of its rivers, the ancient land­ marks the reminders of the past and the old family burying grounds, the resting place of many a heroic pioneer. Nor would we pass by the sacred battle­ grounds hallowed by the sacrifice of life in the en­ counters.with the Red Man. As we view this mag­ nificent panorama we can truly say with the poet, "True and great were those who sowed that which we now reap." Indian History. The story of the Indian is ever interesting to stu­ dents of history. Few and simple were his laws, yet more generally observed than the numerous enact­ ments of civilized nations which fill many volumes of statute books. The Indian history of Berwick centers about three distinct tribes of red men. The Newich- awannocks living on the banks of the Piscataqua; the i 8 HISTORICAL Sokokis, or Saco tribe, in the vicinity of the Saco River, and several tribes living in Canada. The first tribe the Newichawannocks, called by Williamson, the Piscataquas, are best known to the people of Berwick, living as they did, almost side by side with the early settlers of the town, the early pioneers considering them good neighbors. Unlike many of their neigh­ boring tribes, this race of Indians was ever peaceful with the whites. Abused, neglected and even cheated out of their own homes by many of the settlers, yet they never retaliated with the hatchet. Their acts of friendship were of no small number. They sold land to the whites, and traded with them their spoils of archery. Rowles, their Sagamore, sold land to Humphrey Chadbourne and Thomas Spencer, the former being the oldest Indian deed in the records of Maine. We are ever reminded of this race by the historic Indian names, given by them to different parts of the town, and many of which are kept today. The second tribe, the Sokokis, are perhaps known as well as the former but not with the same interest and feeling. Unlike the Newichawannocks, these Indians were ever ready to injure the whites, and found many opportunities to do so. This race lived to the east of the Saco River as far as the Passamaquoddy, and are known as the Saco Indians. The mention of the name, King Phillip, is sufficient to acquaint the reader with this tribe. The last, the tribes of Canada, are best known in the French and Indian war. The story of that conflict, k HISTORICAL 9 is known well to the reader, and the part acted by these Indians, gives us a good insight into their character. The early pioneers got along fairly well at first with the red men. Perhaps this condition was caused more by fear than by friendship, knowing as he did that all quarrels with the white men would be ruinous to the Indian. Finally this tranquility was broken, the red men influenced by the French, and encouraged by their chieftains, and aware that their hunting grounds would soon be overrun by the whites, and a condition of hostilities was brought about. Berwick situated as she was, an inland town facing the unbroken forests, the home of the painted warrior, was among the first to be assailed. Her period of suffering and blood-shed covers many years. Hostilities began with the opening of King Phillip's war, 1675. Squando the Sagamore of the Saco tribe was the leader in the movement. He desired revenge against the whites for an act of injury and insult (as he claimed when persuading his own race to take up arms) against himself and his race. It seems that at one time his squaw was passing along the Saco River in a canoe, with her infant child, when she was accosted by several rude sailors who having heard that the Indian children could swim as naturally as the young of the lower animals, approached her, and in a fit of humor overset the canoe to try the experiment. The child sank, and though the mother diving, brought it up alive, it soon after died, and the parents claimed its death was due to the ill-treatment. IO . HISTORICAL Other causes for an opening of war, were brought forward, yet the spirit of jealousy no doubt caused the movement. The Indians first attacked the settle­ ments near Saco. and then proceeded towards the Pis- cataqua river, intending to make an assault upon any defenceless place. The first place to be assailed was the dwelling house of Mr. Richard Tozier, situated where is now the residence of Mr. Charles Collins, on the South Berwick road a short distance from the rail­ road. Mr. Tozier and the men of his neighborhood were absent at the time, as they had gone to the aid of Saco, when help was requested.
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