AUTUMN, 1948 ECONE Pcmotezma offflaim

25 Cents (A 'privately supported, state-wide, non-partisan, non-profit organization for the promotion and development of Maine's agricultural, industrial and recreational resources.)

19 4 n AUTUMN 1949

"Jlu £ c■ June: Page The State of Ma in e ...... Robert P. Tristram Coffin 3 “Had a Wonderful Time” ...... William A. Hatch 9 Town Managers in Ma in e ...... Charles E. Dawson 15 Doorways and Beyond : The Nordica Homestead .. Mabel Gould Demers 19 Outdoors in Ma in e ...... John C. Page, Jr. 22 Meet the “Duchess” ...... William A. Hatch 26 “A W o m a n ’s W o r k ” ...... Theresa I. Maxfield 28 Governors of Maine, 1900-1948 .. Reginald E. Carles 34 Minstrelsy of Maine ... Edited by Sheldon Christian 38 Around the Cracker Barrel .... Elizabeth A. Mason 40 Famous Maine Recipes...... June L. Maxfield 43 Maine Recipe...... Pearl LeBaron Libby Inside Back Cover A Maine Hill in Autum n...... Ruby G. Searway Back Cover THE PINE CONE AUTUMN, 1948 VOL. 4, NO. 3 Published Quarterly by THE STATE OF MAINE PUBLICITY BUREAU PORTLAND . KITTERY . BANGOR . NEW YORK Main Office: 3 St. John St., Portland, 4 Maine GUY P. BUTLER RICHARD A. HEBERT Executive Manager Editorial Manager PINE CONE SUBSCRIPTION: $1 A YEAR (Printed in Maine on Maine-made Paper) THE STATE OF MAINE By Robert P. Tristram Coffin Bowdoin’s Pulitzer Prize winner, poet and author of • more than 25 books here presents a classic defense of his native State in reply to Arnold Toynbee’s blithe dismissal of the Pine Tree State. This essay first appeared in the American Mercury and is reprinted with the kind permis­ sions of the publishers and author. It tops our list of profiles on Maine. he State of Maine has a rugged ment, reticences, and mistrust of T face towards the Atlantic. It has bandwagons, loud-speakers, and cam­ high cheek bones, shaggy eyebrows paigns for establishing righteousness and a prominent chin, being all moun­ by acts of legislature. Most of our tains, woods and deep bays. On the adages are ones calculated to caution map it looks gaunt. But gauntness is people, to take the wind out of big a good old American habit in faces. sails—our own included—and to look Rugged faces look good outdoors and at a horse at both ends. We have been in the weather. Maine looks very good slower than other states at buying in the weather and light. It has a lot gold bricks, subscribing to new deals, of both. And the state of Maine gets or improving our neighbors’ morals. the sun on its face first of all these We have had quite enough to do keep­ United States. ing our own morals shipshape and up My state wakes up first and wakes to scratch. all America up. It is the rooster that No wonder the British historian calls us Americans to the favorite Toynbee sets us down as not having American sport, hard work. Maine done so much as Massachusetts to­ people do a lot of hard work. But you wards our national culture. We are a seldom hear about it. It is so natural, “museum piece—a relic of seven­ so taken for granted, so much like teenth-century New England inhab­ play. ited by woodmen and watermen and Dirigo. “I lead.” But Maine’s motto hunters . . . Maine today is at once is modestly confined to geography. It one of the longest-settled regions of does not claim leadership in eco­ the least urbanized and sophisticated.” nomics, culture, crime or anything Arnold Toynbee blames it all on the else. Moderation is almost our only weather. It has been too much for us. unbroken state law. Our best people How is this contrast between are moderates—“mod’rits,” as they Maine and Massachusetts to be say it, saving their breath for the oars explained? It would appear that the hardness of the New Eng­ and the bucksaw. They have aspired land environment, which stands to lead the nation in nothing save at its optimum in Massachusetts, staying American according to the is accentuated in Maine to a de­ older rural and village patterns, and gree at which it brings in dimin­ preceding the United States, or Ver­ ishing returns of human response. mont, in going Republican in Presi­ To look at us, or to hear us talk, dential elections. you might think Toynbee is right. Older than Massachusetts in its first Lord knows our climate and soil are settlement, deeply New England in its hard enough and cold enough to keep virtues and vices, houses, barns, thrift, anybody busy just barely keeping and sharp-cornered individualism, alive. Maine cows run thin; they have Maine figures less than any of the hard work getting enough to eat be­ other New England states in national tween junipers and ledges. Our far­ publicity and in the history textbooks. mers live, mostly, on one-horse farms, It* is the state of litotes, understate- where a tractor would break its back. AUTUMN, 1948 3 Yet Toynbee, like so many histori­ ten on the seas of the globe. In the ans, Americans among them, who Civil War, Maine led all the Union count noses and statistics and state states in per capita attendance on that papers, is wrong. Historians who fight for survival. It was hardest hit stick to acts of assembly, wars, state of all northern states. One in every and institutional archives often do five males in Portland was in uniform. miss the intangibles that mean more Whole towns disappeared. The Presi­ to culture than any programs of civic dent of Bowdoin College took the col­ enlargement. lege en masse to war. In the last two It is true that Maine has never got global wars, Maine men fought in as much into the history books. We did high a proportion as any state on not run true to the Puritan ecclesias­ land, on sea, in the air. But we were tical pattern from our beginnings. So, so small we had no regiments or divi­ when all history was church history, sions with our Pine Tree emblem. we got left out in the cold. The first Maine’s population, not much larger New England church was an Angli­ now than in 1860, is about that of can one, at the Kennebec’s mouth, es­ Cleveland, Ohio. The statistics are al­ tablished in 1608. We had some good ways bound to be against us, there­ early settlers, but they weren’t always fore. At any moment, we seem to be of the right politics. Some of our first small potatoes and few in a hill. But families did not leave calling-cards, we do raise potatoes. And it is partly they were no better than they should our fault that our achievements es­ be—often not even that!—they left cape Mr. Toynbee. We have never their European home towns without gone in for historical monuments or leaving a forwarding address. They for societies for the preservation or came over here for good reasons, but publicizing of antiquities or civic not the churchly ones. Hence histori­ righteousnesses. We have been more ans overlook the fact that the model interested in making the present chim­ for all later American commonwealths ney draw, digging today’s mess of founded on the principles of religious clams, or giving our children a good toleration and minority rights was Sir education than in advertising our an­ Ferdinando Gorges’ colonial experi­ cestors. We have trusted in monu­ ment in Maine. It was too free for ments too little and in little boys and Puritan Massachusetts, and so it died girls too much to bulk large histori­ a sudden death when King Charles cally. was beheaded. The first graveyard But we have got along pretty well with Roman Catholics and Protestants without getting into the history books. buried side by side is on an island in History books have a way of going Maine. out of date and gathering dust; and men who work hard and mind their II own business, make their own boats Most of our Maine history is mar­ and lobster traps, have a way of out­ ginal. There are no good records kept lasting the statistics and contributing of it, no archives of deeds and char­ to the national life even if unmen­ ters. It supplements Massachusetts or tioned in the newspapers. America at large. A good deal of our A lot of Maine history is in forms civic strength has been used up in Mr. Toynbee and other historians minding our own business and letting have no yardstick to measure. For in­ other people alone. Yet when the na­ stance, Maine’s history is in Ohio, In­ tion needed our aid, it was usually diana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, there. In the French and Indian wars, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington. Maine men cracked the Gibraltar of the western hemisphere at Louisburg. Maine helped many states to get on But Maine history was Massachusetts their feet and make a good start. history then. In the Revolution, Maine Every third or so of the pioneer fam­ furnished as many men in propoi’tion ilies in those states hailed from Maine. to its population as Massachusetts. Maine lumbermen, farmers, humorists In proportion to its population Maine (we have had to breed them or die!), was the most maritime of all the dairymen, boat-builders, engineers and states when American history, be­ men of gadgets have been, for 150 tween 1815 and 1880, was being writ­ years, the standard for all America.

4 THE PINE CONE Other states feathered their nests out there are Mary Ellen Chase, Gladys of Maine’s cold little nest. Hasty Carroll, Kenneth Roberts, Wil­ The chief history of Maine is an bert Snow, and a host of other poets elegy. Our leading export has been, and novelists putting Maine on the lit­ save for the century of wooden ships, erary map. Too bad Mr. Toynbee’s our smartest children. So the rail­ historical tables cannot take into ac­ roads across the continent, the ship­ count such lights that can make a yards of California, the farms of Ne­ state sparkle in the eyes of a whole braska, Kansas, Oklahoma and even world. But, as I said before, history Texas, and the mines of the Rockies cannot measure light. are good Maine history. Except when The secret of these writers is the we enlarged the front dooryards to strength in the modern theme of local our farms and gave our boys Java color. If you get down to bedrock in and the Horn and China to play with, one state, you get down to bedrock in we did not have enough work to keep all states and all nations. The realism our most ambitious children at home. of today’s prose and poetry is a real­ So Maine became a seed-bed for the ism of fundamental humanity. Maine United States at large. is a fine hunting ground for humanity because the older and more enduring I am constantly amazed, as I go designs in human nature are still here, reading my poems over our country, in this piscatorial and agricultural to discover that a good part of my land: humor, folk speech, stories, audiences, in whatever state I read, proverbs, and occupational techniques have ancestors in Maine. Maine might of work by hand and heai’t that spell be called a state of good ancestors. It something close to wisdom itself and is a way of assuring oneself of fore­ add up to civilization. bears who believed in hard, independ­ Here I go, breaking the one un­ ent American work to pick them up in breakable Maine law of understate­ Maine. Many Americans do. It is a ment. But a poet of Maine has to be­ pity such facts cannot get into tables cause his people will not. He has to be of statistics for Mr. Toynbee to read! the lyrical outlet of their silent and What we have in Maine is the sort natural lyricism. For years I have of thing that can get into literature laid myself open to being called a and art, though. It always has been rhapsodist of Maine. I cannot help so in art. Leave the bright light and being such, being a poet. lace-like evergreens and rocks of The thing of it is, Maine had al­ Maine out of American art, and you ways been so naturally a lyric poem, will leave a big hole. Most American in hard weather and times especially, artists, from Winslow Homer on, have despite Mr. Toynbee, that we did not come down east to see men and skies have to produce writers and poets. and waves and cliffs at their cleanest Our people were naturally such, going and handsomest best. about their varied and exciting work We have been a bit slower in mak­ so akin to play, being themselves with­ ing our mark on literature. Of course, out books of rules. Only lately have we produced the creator of the Rollo we begun to write our life down for books and Kellogg of the score of boy­ hood classics a century ago. And outsiders’ enjoyment. Longfellow was Maine, and Haw­ Ill thorne, at least part time. Sarah Orne Thoreau, a Massachusetts man, did Jewett was the first of our modern not find us, as Toynbee does, unso­ American realists. Frost and Wilder phisticated. “The deeper you pene­ have sense enough to have ancestors trate into the woods, the more intelli­ in Maine. One of the two greatest gent and, in one sense, less countrified American poets of the century, Edwin do you find the inhabitants.” But Arlington Robinson, hailed from “Til­ Thoreau was a philosopher and did bury Town,” Gardiner on the Kenne­ not pay his taxes! bec. And, of course, Edna St. Vincent Naturally we have our sins and our Millay, best woman poet this side of share of skeletons in the closet. If Sappho, is a Maine girl, hailing from they do not bulk so large as the Rockland. Renascence, wake-up poem crookednesses in some states, maybe it of the twentieth century, blossomed is our size that saves us. Even our out on Penobscot Bay. Today, too, sins do not make the front page.

AUTUMN, 1948 5 Let’s see: we fathered Neal Dow, born off Good Hope and cut their teeth father of prohibition. But many sin­ off the peaks of Java. Every Maine cere people count him as a saint and one-horse farmer had vast sailing ves­ not a sinner. Once, very briefly, the sels working for him. That was a Klan reared its ugly hooded head, but time, our golden hundred years Mr. that is down now. We are said to be Toynbee should have found statistics snobbish and standoffish to summer on somewhere, when a small Maine people. We had reason to be when coast town like my own bred 200 sea- they patronized us or looked down captains, and some of its families their noses at us and called us “na­ built, and sailed, in three generations, tives.” Today we are different, and over 70 ships apiece. That was a time they are, too. They want to belong when Maine citizens had great friend­ and be neighbors, and, though we are ships in Liverpool, Batavia, Valpa­ cautious and slow at making friends, raiso, Rio and Bremen; when all the we make them for keeps. Our million oceans were crowded with peaceful summer people now are our friends. traders of all nations and we were Other deeper sins we have. We have much closer to the One World Wendell allowed our “white coal”—Maine has Willkie dreamed of than we are now. limitless water-power—to get into the Maine bulked large then in global his­ hands of monopolists at times. Worse tory and international commonwealths still, we have let the mills at all our of sail. Maine barns had Chinese waterfalls poison our rivers with temples for their cupolas, and our chemicals and kill out all our famous ships of oak and pine were the world’s salmon and shad. That pollution still standard. goes on and makes a desert of some Then we had lumber. The Kennebec of the best rivers of America. We and Penobscot overran with logs; our have slaughtered our forests, left the trees traveled to the earth’s ends. slash, and let forest fires burn up our Maine produced Paul Bunyan and sent soil and the substance of children to him off singing to log off Wisconsin, come. Here is our blackest sin. Unin­ Michigan and Washington state. Af­ telligence and greed are as common in ter logs, it was ice. Kennebec ice Maine as elsewhere. I think what the cooled India and the Argentine. The lumber interests and pulp interests icehouses along the river were like have done to the forest which was cathedrals and shook with the music Maine deserves to rank as a capital of strong men working with cant-dogs crime. Some counties are deserts now. and ice-picks, storing diamonds of Our firs along our coast are being Maine Winters to keep the earth fresh butchered for the comics. As I write and cool. this, a dozen forest fires are eating up Our Kennebec salmon once were our soil and our future around me. standard. So were, and are still, our We could have made Maine another herring, cod, lobsters. Our lobsters go Norway if we had farmed our forests now by airplane to all the country. We make a lot of Yankee notions still, intelligently. We may do it even yet. gadgets of wood and metal. At Bath, For in spite of our greed and short­ we built destroyers at the rate of two sightedness, new balsams and pines or so a month for the United States keep coming up. Maine evergreens Navy. Whatever Yankee ingenuity are hard to kill. We have always been demands, be it clothespins, shoes or able to raise a new crop. skis or canoes, we still turn them out. Oh, we have had crops Mr. Toynbee We raise a lot of potatoes. Aroos­ or somebody in the field of economics took, one county the size of most New could have measured. At any given England states, raises fifteen per cent time, in proportion to our population (up to 80,000,000 bushels) of the world’s potatoes. But we raise a va­ —always remembering the size of ried crop, too—smaller potatoes, cows, Cleveland—we have turned out a pow­ hens, apples, homemade reach-boats erful lot of things. and dories and lobster traps, which make us our living and the living for First it was ships. We covered the over a million summer residents, on globe with them. Maine sails whit­ our small farms along our 2500 miles ened the Mediterranean and South of coast and among our forests and Pacific. Maine babies got themselves lakes.

6 THE PINE CONE The most thriving industry at the that amounts to an obsession. It moment is the summer tourists. These shows in our politics, in our unwill­ we tan and send home, from children’s ingness to join crusades. It appears camps and beaches and hotels, to the in Maine people’s way of looking at rest of the United States, rejoicing. things squarely and taking time to And we provide a lot of Americans make up their mind; it appears in with camping and fishing and hunt­ charity, which is the art of not being ing, old American pioneer occupations, better than your neighbor. Maine in season. Thousands of Maine deer caution can be the beginning of wis­ go out of the state each fall on auto­ dom. It can flower in integrity. I mobiles. know lobstermen who look more like Marcus Aurelius and Abraham Lin­ IV coln than most of our politicians do. But these are all crops that, like Odd—or natural, rather!—that one our wooden ships of the past, can should look for statesmanly faces evaporate and disappear. We have among boat-builders and farmers. much more lasting harvests then all Maine is still a state of thrift. Men such. We have never measured our and women still believe in saving up best things by the barrel, the bushel against storms and old age. It is not or the pound. There are our intan­ reprehensible here for men to take gibles that only philosophy and art care for their own futures and not and poetry can preserve and perpet­ expect the state to do it. Hard work uate, that do not go out of existence is still so respected that most of our ever, that add up to what Maine really working people, including myself, re­ is. fuse to abide by an eight-hour day. Call the roll: The best work, like the best poems, is First, Maine is not so much a state an overtime affair, done when other as a state of weather and scenery. people sleep, in low-ebb hours, by star­ We have a seacoast like a continuous light, by lantern-light. Rio de Janeiro. Our mountains and It is the Maine people, after all, woods come down to the sea and crowd that mean what Maine means most. out on the islands and ocean. Our The people haven’t amassed great farms are fog-horns and lighthouses wealth or cut wide swaths in politics; and silver hordes of smelts and her­ but they have learned how to get ring and thundering horse-fish, as well along on small but hardy apples, lit­ as barns and plows and freckled-faced tle berries, small boats, the shellfish boys. Our winds blow out of the Book and lobsters they wrest from the sea. of Revelation. We go bent to suit the They have rocky acres, a few cows, gales. Days we have like glass in a two months free of frost, blows you Sandwich plate. Northern Lights and can hitch a horse to, rough waters, blazing stars light us in the cold half wild and hungry and lonely stretches of the year. Our ten thousand islands of forest and sea; yet they make both are citadels of loveliness and loneli­ ends meet, get along with their own ness and teach us the art of making minds, and grow into men who look our own way in life. Our wiry chil­ well in oil paintings and bronze. dren are cousins of the bob-cat and deer. We have as much sunshine in These people are the most all­ winter as summer; we are greener in round Americans we have left. They our snow months than in our leaf are farmers or fishermen or small­ months, thanks to our evergreens. town working men; yet they send sons Weather and beauty can add up to a and daughters to college and into the culture faster than battles and char­ professions. They are hunters, too, ters. Toynbee ought to be told this. have libraries, keep posted on history These are our jewels. and politics. They have refrigerators Next, Maine is not so much a state and electric stoves and radios, but as a state of mind. It is the live-and- they do a lot of work by hand. Work let-live philosophy of living with your keeps them well. They are often sur­ neighbor without trying too hard to prising combinations of carpenters, impi’ove him. For the group coercions paperhangers, painters, and plumb­ of modern mass-society—be it fascism ers, as well as clam-diggers. They or Communism—Maine has a hate make their own dories and reach-boats

AUTUMN, 1948 7 at home still, as their fathers made can resourcefulness which metropoli­ their schooners and brigs. They build tan summer people come far to see them in the barn in winter; the boats and admire. It is like seeing Thomas grow bigger as the cows eat down the Jefferson and Ben Franklin still alive, haymows; the women steam the ribs, running boats and fishing. and sons and daughters hold against Maine is a state, I claim, of being their father as he drives home the American. bolts. And glory be!—these boat- There, are more people in the grave­ builders sail their own boats, keep yards than in the neat white houses their own hours, are their own bosses, and big barns and little boats. But take no man’s orders but their own. maybe it is a good thing to have one’s They are cranky independents who resourceful ancestors keeping an eye employ themselves, trust nobody’s on a man from a marble monument judgment but their own, believe in on a hill. We don’t get ahead much in hard work, and thinking and educa­ population, but we hold our own. In tion too. They speak in proverbs, they humor and laughter as in numbers. tell stories, and find time to whittle “Say,” said the summer visitor, boats for little boys. Every so often a “doesn’t your town ever grow any big­ lobsterman fathers a daughter who ger?” paints or sings, or a son who draws “Well, would you believe it, inarm, pictures well, or at least a lawyer, a every time another boy is born around doctor, or a railroad president in one here, another young man leaves for batch of children. They are not put Boston.” out by anybody with airs or wealth. We still raise fair potatoes where They judge a man by what he does our grandfathers raised theirs, build and not what he has. They believe in our lobster boats in the coves where the uncommon common men who have our great-grandfathers built the ships built up our country westward, state that circled the world. We still go on by state, and made America the model begetting children who grow up and for democracies everywhere and the remain themselves and refuse to be­ hope of the future. come the automatons the high-paid up- Democracy is a word of dubious lifters and the eye-servants of the meaning nowadays. But Maine citi­ state want men to be. We still make zens are about what we used to mean out with what little we have and stick by the word. They are people who to our own ideas of the Good. follow many trades along lakes and It is a good state to act as usher of bays like Norwegian fjords, men of the sun each morning to other states, wide reading and solid thinking, as a fine rooster to wake up America to well as artisans and hewers of wood. work. The state of Maine is a state of Maine is a good state to have to making one’s living off the country look at when the world is in the sorry still, in the pioneer pattern of re­ state of becoming enslaved to the state sourcefulness, piecening out the corn as it is just now. and beans with venison and fish. It is Perhaps Arnold Toynbee ought to a state, mostly farms and villages or come down east and see us some Sum­ small towns, flourishing on old Ameri­ mer.

8 THE PINE CONE “Had A Wonderful Time” (Wish You Were There) PINE CONE Stuff Photographer William A. Hatch makes a camera record of some of Maine’s noteworthy events of the past Summer. TV/TAINE COMMUNITIES vied with one another this past Summer season for the entertainment of the million visitors who came to Maine. Historical commemorations, parades, water pageants, festivals glorifying the lobster and potato, fishing derbies, yacht racing, craft shows, art exhibits, summer theaters, dog, horse, and cattle shows, open house days for the showing of historic churches and houses and dozens of other events made the 1948 season one of the fullest in the State’s history for the interest and entertainment of visitors and residents alike.

AN IDEA proposed by the East Boothbay Chamber of Commerce and carried out by the community gave the State a valuable and worthwhile addition to the summer schedule in the second annual Fish­ erman’s Fair, where 10,000 people filled up on lobster and clams and viewed the Maine seacoast industries on parade. COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS commemorating the founding of their townships were observed in many sections of the state. Damaris- cotta’s Centennial (above, left) gave thousands of persons three fes­ tive days as the entire region turned out in colonial costume. One hundred years as an incorporated township were celebrated at Mil- bridge (right) in Washington County in two full days of historical pageantry. Below, left: South Portland featured a giant parade and mardi gras at her 50th anniversary along with concerts in the newly organized War Memorial Music Shell. Right: One of Maine’s most famous halls of learning, Limington Academy, proudly proclaimed 100 years of ser­ vice to the community along with the sesqui-centennial of the Town of Limington. ARTS ANI) CRAFTS fashioned by the precise handiwork of Maine people are an important factor in the character of our State. Among the many displays of this nature this Summer were, left, Franklin County’s newly organized Kingfield Craftsmen’s Club exhibit at King- field and, right, Maine Coast Craftsmen’s exhibit in the picturesque boat barn at Rockport. (Story in Summer PINE CONE.)

OPEN HOUSE DAYS are events where Maine charm and flavor is at its best. The Head Tide Church, right, overlooking the historic Sheepscot Region is one of the most beautiful and picturesque in Maine. Below, left, many fine old houses and spacious gardens were on ex­ hibit at Camden’s Open House and Garden Day. Right, Wiscasset’s grand old colonial houses are opened annually for an event which attracts thousands each season. ACTIVITIES about the State are many and varied. Above: The Pen­ obscot Indian Tribe in Old Town revived their pageant this year with all its prewar color (see front cover). Tribal dances, Indian craft- work and costumes again are an annual event on the summer calen­ dar. Above left: Three tons of lob­ ster were eaten at Maine State Lobster Festival at Rockland. Left: Lakewood was seeing double when it was host to the annual Maine Twins Party. Below, left: A record number of boats entered the Maine State Tuna Tournament at Booth- bay Harbor. Right: A dramatized pageant of their historic seaport town’s early days is a yearly event enacted by the citizens of Castine.

4 Above: Maine is proud of its ever- increasing membership in the re- n o w n e d Three-Quarter Century Club. This year’s outing was held at the beautiful Hyde Memorial Home in Bath. Above, right: Aroostook’s Potato Blossom Festi­ val was held at Van Buren. Right: Maine writers gather for their an­ nual conference at Ocean Park, Old Orchard Beach. Below, left: The annual Water Fes­ tival at Rangeley and the newly- added Doll Carriage Parade bring many visitors to this scenic inland lakes section. Below, right: Fish­ ing derbies are ever popular with the sportsman. Two happy anglers on Maine’s largest lake, Moosehead, are bringing in a few entries. Burl hrkt'l

Top left: Bean-hole beans, a Maine specialty, graced the festive hoard for those attending Sumner’s Cen­ tennial. Top right: The New Eng­ land Music Camp’s shell at Lake Messalonskee, Oakland, drew music lovers to Sunday afternoon con­ certs. Certer, left: Summer play­ houses, traditionally Maine, are distributed th oughout the State. First night at the Bar Harbor Play­ house was always a special event. Center, right: Yacht racing by the famous Northeast Harbor Fleet was typical of such activity along the entire Maine coast. Left: A lobster bake on the rocks was standard fare at Maine coastal re­ sorts, especially at Rock Gardens Inn, Sebasco.

THE PINE CONE Town Managers In Maine

By Charles E. Dawson

Maine has more town and city managers than any other State in the Union. A Maine newspaperman here tells why and how this form of municipal administration has succeeded so well in the Pine Tree State and why it is a promising new vocation.

he State of Maine, hardy strong­ partment of history and government, T hold of the pure democracy of says that “so far as we know, there town meeting government, is going is no program in the Country which modern this year with all the shrewd has this combination.” economy its Yankee village conscience At the same time, the university’s can muster. . Manager Training Institute, held Today, Maine is the Nation’s fore­ yearly on the campus in the summer most state in number of town man­ months, is a unique operation which agers employed. Her 83 managers, has only lately been adopted in other in communities ranging up from 200 states, notably Florida. In a word, isolated farmers to several thousands the State is well on its way toward a of suburbanites, total up far ahead self-sufficient supply of trained pro­ of Michigan’s 64, or the 61 in Texas. fessional town managers acquainted And the next states in line are way with local problems. behind. Virginia has 50, Florida 46 and California 45 town managers. In its trek from early battles with This year, farm and fishing folk big city corruption to the rural iso­ in six more Maine towns are vot­ lation of Maine backlands, manager ing on adoption of town manager government has undergone some government, or have committees giv­ unique changes and new techniques ing serious study to the system. And to adapt itself to the local scene. though some observers grumble that And so well has the adaptation been the “bloodless, soulless efficiency” of made that not one Maine town, in manager government counts the the three decades since Auburn first death knell of that democratic spirit voted the plan in 1918, has gone back so dear to the New England villager’s to selectman government. The wed­ civic heart, Alan McClennen, secre­ ding of town meeting democracy and tary of the New England Council’s town manager efficiency appears in­ community development committee, dissoluble—and fruitful. terms Maine’s example “the coming The system has been so successful thing in other New England states.” mainly because it hit the Maine vil­ To prepare for an even greater lager where his fancy and necessity number of Maine’s 493 organized lie—in the realm of economy. He towns, cities and plantations in the found that town management brings ranks of town management, the Uni­ to civic affairs the same frugal econ­ versity of Maine is pushing develop­ omy hard times has taught him to fol­ ment of its public management and low in his personal affairs. administration curriculum, with its Harrie D. Eckler, manager of combination of governmental and Brewer (pop. 6,510) explains that engineering courses. Prof. Edward “the growth of the manager plan in F. Dow, head of the university’s de­ Maine is not due to any spectacular

AUTUMN, 1948 15 achievement on the part of the man­ boom, and mill towns were bustling agers, but rather to a steady, as looms hummed faster than ever. methodical rebuilding of the local All the activity turned leading citi­ government organization into a well- zens, who ordinarily devoted off hours coordinated, smoothly operating unit to local affairs, away from civic in­ producing the results desired and see­ terests. And, as a Portland lawyer ing to it that the taxpayer gets a who is legal counsel to some 300 dollar’s wovth of value for each dol­ Maine towns puts it, “when leading lar of tax lie pays.” men of a town are too busy to attend Eckler’s own town is an example to the affairs of government, a town of bustling civic economy. In 1931, manager becomes morally necessary.” when the manager charter went into How does a town go about hiring effect, the bonded debt stood at $224,- a manager? 000 and the tax rate was .0416. At Under the Maine Enabling Act, the end of 1942, the bonded debt stood citizens at their annual March town at $193,000, even though there had meeting may vote by simple majority been added in 1938 and 1939 $79,000 —always the rule—to adopt manager of new bonds for a new city hall and government. The selectmen they a new auditorium. And the ever- elect, usually five or seven in num­ crucial tax rate was only up to .052. ber, scout the public administration It was this businesslike economy schools — and other towns — for a that has been so sorely lacking in manager, whom they themselves are other days. “My experience indicates empowered to employ. that the greatest fault to be found Some smaller towns get together with the old form of government in and hire a manager to administer to the smaller towns and cities,” Eckler t both. Castle Hill (pop. 697) and explains, “is that the administration Mapleton (pop. 1,354) in the rich changes more or less from year to prairieland of Aroostook County have year, and being only parttime officers, done this, as have two other pairs of they never get familiar with the ever- smaller Maine towns. changing requirements of local gov­ The manager, once hired, becomes ernment but attempt to continue to a professional, non-political “boss” of operate under the same conditions most civic affairs. He sees that the that have endured for years, failing town laws and ordinances are obeyed, utterly to recognize the fact that this buys everything the town needs, puts is a world of change, and that local into effect the measures the board of government must change with it or selectmen and the town meeting be left hopelessly adrift.” adopt, and takes over the jobs of As more and more towns stopped town treasurer, road commissioner, drifting and applied for manager tax collector and overseer of the poor. charters, the State Legislature in (In some towns, the manager car­ 1939 passed an Enabling Act, which ries even more of the burden of civic permitted towns to adopt the system affairs, as in Castle Hill, where in ad­ by a simple vote at the annual town dition to the regular duties, he is con­ meeting. The result has been that stable, school committeeman and a since 1940, 64 communities have hired justice of the peace.) town managers. The arguments in favor of town That spurt, aided by the Enabling management are substantial. The Act, has been prompted too, during system’s advocates claim that: the war and postwar years, by the 1. Town manager government mounting complexity of government creates a single administrative head, administration, even of the simplest who is an expert in his profession. local nature, and by rising costs and 2. Management of town affairs is an even more acute awareness of on a relatively permanent basis and townspeople of the need for economy beyond partisan politics. and efficiency. At the same time, a 3. Managers, divorced from the measure of prosperity returned to need of local political party support, Maine. War industries goaded busi­ can move from town to town. As a ness initiative, the great Aroostook result, any town can call on expe­ County potato empire experienced a rienced help from outside its own boom similar to the Kansas wheat boundaries.

16 THE PINE CONE Camden, one of the prettiest towns in Maine, was the first small community in the State to adopt the town manager plan. In 20 years the town debt was wiped out and a growing surplus established. This aerial view shows the colorfid harbor, with Mt. Megunticook beyond. 4. And even though a manager erally are content with manager gov­ wields plenty of power, the town ernment if they are thoroughly con­ council or board of selectmen can vinced before adopting it that the control the situation, prevent abuses, system offers them what they need. and fire the manager if worse comes “In too many instances,” he says, to worst. . Finally, the people’s feel­ “this change in form of government ings are always felt forcibly in the is rushed into without the proper forum of town meeting, where they study, and with a good deal of mis­ retain local democracy against all en­ understanding resulting. The town croachments. manager form of government is not a Against this argument, opponents cure-all. No manager is a miracle claim that manager government puts man. He cannot pull rabbits out of local government in the hands of hats, and make two dollars appear strangers who don’t know local prob­ where thei’e was only one before.” lems and personalities, while at the same time adoption of the system In most Maine towns where man­ kills political life and lends such ager government has been adopted, efficiency to the town’s government though, townspeople practically purr that citizens become indifferent and with content when the subject is off their guard. brpached. Manager Eckler of Brewer, how­ That is the impression, for in­ ever, points out that townsfolk gen­ stance, in Camden, a pretty coastal

AUTUMN, 1948 17 town of some 3,000 souls which was In Guilford, a small Piscataquis the first town in Maine to adopt the County town on the edge of Maine’s manager plan in 1925. (Two cities, North Woods, Manager Ernest C. Auburn and Portland, had previously Marriner, Jr., typifies the small town hired managers in 1918 and 1923.) manager. The town pay's him $2,500 John W. E. Felton, chairman of the a year, plus $100 auto allowance, and Camden board of selectmen, recalls gets in return a man with an MS in that the change from selectmen gov­ public administration fronr Syracuse ernment was affected because “our University who handles almost every bonded debt seemed to be a perpetual town business from taxes to operat­ millstone.” At the same time, he says, ing the town road scraper. public works were temporarily and ill Marriner, and others like him conceived, and the tax rate was stead­ across the state, are building a new ily rising. and unique local governmental pat­ One town manager spelled out the tern cut to Maine’s style. Bernal B. basic problem of most towns this Allen, city manager of Auburn, first way: municipality in Maine to adopt the “The tax rate has been kept low system, feels that this new way of but a debt has been created that will running small towns “offers a con­ prove to be a millstone around the siderable saving through purchasing, neck of the next generation.” coordination of departmental activi­ Percy R. Keller, Camden’s town ties and proper, non-political, honest manager, cited figures to prove how and experienced planning.” town management has dealt with the economy problem there. In 1925, The average Maine • farmer, per­ when the system was adopted, the haps, wouldn’t put it quite that suc­ bonded debt was $92,135. But by cinctly as he stops at his boundary 1944, the debt was entirely wiped out fence to talk with a neighbor. But and town assets rose from zero over in towns across the State, more and the 20-year period to $15,750. At the more farmers, fishermen and small same time, the tax rate rose only businessmen are finding their tradi­ from $40 to $44 and annual expenses tional desire for efficiency and econ­ from around $128,000 to $153,000. omy in the town manager plan. Mrs. Betty Foxwell, secretary of And if they stopped to think, they the Camden Chamber of Commerce, might remember an old and battered sums up: “By having a town man­ proverb: “As Maine goes, so goes the ager, our town is also efficiently di­ nation.” rected.” Through the board of five In any event, Maine is leading the selectmen, the finance committee and way toward a new', functional solu­ the annual town meeting, she says, tion of the problems of small, local “we have both efficiency and democ­ government. What better place for racy ideally combined.” Yankee pride in achievement?

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Sale of stock in the new Bar Harbor hotel has been a complete success, with plans, specifications and bids due to be completed on or before Nov. 1. Several requests for reservations for the 1949 season already have been re­ ceived. Bar Harbor residents have pledged $149,500 worth of stock and summer residents have thus far pledged $82,100. Efforts are now being made for a complete sale of the stock to hold the mortgage to as small a figure as possible.

THE PINE CONE Doorways and Beyond

By Mabel Gould Demers

Fourth in a series on Maine homes is the Nordica birth­ place at Farmington, where memorabilia of the operatic star’s life and triumphs are displayed. It is visited by thousands of persons each Summer.

Z’''ultured Farmington lies in the and frequently sat for hours trying to ^ Sandy River Valley, where pur­ reproduce bird calls. By the tap of a ple hills form a deep fringe for the stick on the side of a drinking glass, sky, and lofty pines reverberate with she brought forth musical sounds to the songs of the seasons. North of the the accompaniment of falling water. village, on the road to Rangeley Lakes When she was six years of age, the there stands well back from the high­ family removed to Boston that Wil- way, a modest Cape Cod farmhouse. helmina, who showed marked musical The long drive leads up to meticulous­ talent, might have the advantage of ly kept Norton Woods,—birthplace of higher training. Lillian’s voice was world-famed Lillian Nordica,—Gio­ termed “thin and weak” and did not vanni’s “lily of the North.” The drive compare with her sister’s for beauty is bordered by rock maples, terminat­ and tone; therefore, little attention ing with poplars, which stand remem­ was paid to her musical attempts. bering. An expansive career was contem­ There are fan-lights on either side plated for Wilhelmina but her studies of the unpretentious doorway for this were interrupted by death which oc­ comfortable home housed simple and curred while she was completing an unpretentious Puritan folk,—descend­ engagement in Farmington. Lillian, ants of “Campmeeting” John Allen, then sixteen years of age, entered the the “fighting parson.” New England Conservatory of Music, The Norton family came from Mar­ upon recommendation, in Wilhelmina’s tha’s Vineyard at an early date and place. Her voice developed rapidly and was represented by Ephraim who her high C attracted immediate atten­ cleared the foi'est and erected a house tion. She was especially adapted to for himself and his family. (The operatic roles and, when graduated, earliest Norton recorded came from was sent to Italy for further training England in the “Hopewell” and set­ under the famous San Giovanni. She tled in Ipswich in 1635). Ephraim made her debut in La Traviata at may have been a descendant of the Brescia, April, 1879. She was then Ipswich Nortons. A grandson of his, twenty years of age. Regarding this, Edwin by name, erected the present her mother wrote: house, married Amanda Allen, and “Lilly has also signed another became the father of six Norton girls. agreement to sing the principal part Lillian, the youngest, was born in in the opera ‘Traviata’ by Verdi, in 1859. the city of Brescia, on the Gulf of The house is marked by its snow- Venice ... You will never know the white simplicity. A small shed is at­ hours of almost painful practice of tached to it but the barn stands upon scales; hours of digging out the lan­ a higher piece of ground, detached and guage . . . until sleep asserts its su­ alone. premacy ... in order to master the The entire family—father, mother, masters.” and children—reveled in music. Lil­ lian delighted in the mysteries of na­ Nordica was the first singer to be ture. She roamed over the hillside, heard in the new Trocadero in Paris.

AUTUMN, 1948 19 The Nordica homestead in Farmington, containing priceless memo­ rabilia of the famous star’s career and mecca of thousands of music lovers each year. In 1880, she appeared in fifteen per­ tion. Her audiences were amazed to formances of Faust, playing the role hear her sing Wagner without accent of Marguerite. It has been said of and in tune. her rendition: “She sang the Jewel She began singing these roles in Song, happily; the Spring Song, sen­ 1893 when the so-called “golden age” timentally; the Church Scene with an of German opera was at its height. agony of remorse and despair.” Someone has said: “Success, if it Nordica was the first American reaches its goal, rides on the back of woman to sing at the Bayreuth Festi­ discipline.” This was particularly val and was selected by Madam Wag­ true of Lillian Nordica for she was a ner, wife of the composer, to sing the stern self-disciplinarian. role of Elsa in Lohengrin. She stu­ Her first American appearance, af­ died for the role under the tutelage ter her debut, was in 1883 when she of Madam Wagner. Her rendition of sang the role of Marguerite in Faust any part was flawless for her in­ at the Academy of Music in New York domitable will to succeed asserted it­ City. She soon returned to London self and she never recognized defeat. where she was victorious, and suc­ In six weeks’ time, she mastered be­ cess followed each appearance. She tween ten and twelve difficult roles in returned to America when the Boston the suffocating heat of Milan in order Opera House was formally opened and to appear as planned in St. Peters­ sang La Gioconda with assurance, burg. feeling, and tremendous power. She Nordica did not commit readily, yet once said of her achievement: “Plenty mastered the least detail of the most have natural voices equal to mine; difficult language and had a reper­ plentv have talent equal to mine, but toire of more than forty operas. She I have worked.” practiced words singly and in pairs, Lillian Nordica was the star of the often three thousand times each, or first Maine Music Festival which was until she secured personal satisfac­ held in Bangor in 1897. She sang

20 THE PINE CONE again at the Maine Music Festival The sitting room contains the fam­ held in Portland in 1912, at which ily coat of arms, period furniture and time the audience rose to do her honor. an interesting painting of the artist After repeated encores, the program at the age of twenty-two. Another was concluded with “Home, Sweet painting, much too large for the Home.” This was her last appearance house, hangs at the Farmington State in Maine for the steamer carrying her Teachers’ College, while still another on a concert tour was wrecked in the may be seen at the State capitol build­ Gulf of Papua, she contracted pneu­ ing in Augusta. There is a heavily monia and died the following spring carved Italian chair, the gift of Dia­ at Batavia on the Island of Java. mond Jim Brady; an Italian score of Les Huguenots, and the framed letter With the removal of the Norton from the diva’s mother, descriptive of family to Boston, the Farmington her success, to the brother in Farm­ property changed hands but, in 1909, ington. when Lillian had achieved success, it There is a teakwood console, the was bought by the Norton sisters and gift of the Chinese Emperor; inter­ presented to her by them. At that esting vases, jewelry, family por­ time it became known as Norton traits, daguerreotypes, ferrotypes, Woods. Until the death of Mme. Nor- specimens of glassware, (including dica five years later, it was occupied Bohemian thumb print glasses in by them for a portion of each year. green, ruby and blue,) and thin Eng­ After her death, however, it was lish and German china. The latter closed and presented broken window includes Minturn, Royal Doulton. panes, sagging doors and rotting sills, Dresden, and the beautiful American —a tattered picture of what had once Lenox. The specimens of glass and been a gay canvas. In 1928, the Nor- china have been taken from carefully dica Memorial Association was formed packed sets for which there is no by interested townsfolk and the house, room. Many priceless articles remain brought to its present livable condi­ unpacked for the same reason. tion, became the nucleus of Nordica memorabilia. The door to the right of the en­ Ribbons from her triumphal bou­ trance hall presents an unforgettable quets adorn the narrow registration picture, for through this may be seen hall and San Giovanni’s nom de thea- the elaborate stage gowns of the ti'e, (Giglia Nordica, Lily of the prima donna. Tiaras, bracelets, neck­ North), lettered in gold on crimson laces,—breath-taking in their beauty, satin, is indicative of the love and —dazzle the eye. Her gowns, un­ admiration which the teacher held for equalled by any prima donna, are dis­ his pupil. San Giovanni watched her played on life-like figures. These in­ progress with the keenest interest and clude costumes worn in such roles as: satisfaction. Lohengrin’s Elsa, Tannhauser’s Eliza­ There are low ceilings, chintz-like beth, Parsifal’s Kundry, Siegfried’s papers, spattered pumpkin pine floors, Briinnhilde. There is Aida’s gay gown and a late eighteenth century atmos­ and the flowing blue mystery of Mar­ phere. Three rooms have been set guerite. Nordica sewed beautifully apart for Nordiciana and these pre­ and designed and made many of her sent an accurate picture of her stage gowns. Her passion for pearls achievement, plus post-Civil War liv­ almost excluded the wearing of ru­ ing. There is the spool bed upon bies and diamonds. The gowns are which Lillian was born, small rock­ rotated; therefore, it is impossible to ing and high chairs, and here and state what gowns will be on display there mute testimonials of a child’s at a certain time. fancy. The birthplace of Lillian Norton is An autographed picture of Ernes­ quiet and unassuming. The tourist tine Schumann-Heink hangs above the would not give the farmhouse pause bed. In a far corner, an ancient talk­ were it not for the modestly lettered ing machine reproduces the voice sign which indicates that a great and hushed for more than thirty years. noble woman passed that way!

AUTUMN, 1948 21 PINE CONE Outdoors Editor /"'lear frosty mornings . . . foliage Maine in Autumn means many in riotous color . . . golden warmth things. No place within the realm of at mid-day . . . pine ridges silhouetted my recollection offers greater wealth in purple against a fall sunset. The of opportunity for outdoor action. chatter of squirrels in the beechwoods Whether you prefer to hunt birds or ... a flash of white as the big buck game with gun or camera, camp, hike, disappears behind a knoll . . . the go mountain climbing, fishing or just crunch of the hunters’ tread in the plain wander in the wilderness ... no stillness at daybreak. All these are state could offer more. Probably deer part of the Maine we know in Au­ hunting is at the top of the list for the tumn. greatest number of people. Man’s urge to prowl in fields and Hunting Maine’s big “white-tails” woods is certainly an honest human is a sport in which experience, skill, inheritance. Interest in the wilderness and “stick-to-it-iveness” play a very ways of wild birds and creatures has large part. Oftentimes just plain invited exploration since time imme­ “bull” luck will net some rank green­ morial. Hardly a person who has horn handsome results within an hour, passed the age of childhood can look while his partner, an experienced back upon his experiences without woodsman, may tramp the forest for finding at least one or two thrilling days without firing a shot. wildlife discoveries that command a prominent position in early memory. One of the roughest initiations of The first sight of downy young robins a novice I ever heard of, occurred on in a grass-lined nest . . . pollywogs a hunting party at Quaker Ridge in sprouting legs in the pasture pool or Casco the last day of the hunting sea­ perhaps a little brown bat, hanging son two years ago. A young hunter upside down in the dark corner of who shall be nameless but will herein­ grandfather’s haymow. after be referred to as “Bud” accom­ If you are one of those privileged panied Wilbur Hoyt of Casco, May­ to have some every-day contact with nard Marsh of Gorham and your re­ these sights and sounds of wildlife porter on this Nov. 30th hunt. just off the beaten path, a never end­ Deer signs were plentiful. About ing true story told with more tragedy, 11:30 a. m. Maynard and I left Bud comedy and dramatic feeling than any and Wilbur on the southern end of the stage or screen can portray, is un­ ridge near the outskirts of a farm. folding before your eyes. If you’ve These two set out to work in a north­ never seen it, stop a while and get erly direction along the top and upper back to reality. You won’t be sorry. edges of the “humpback” toward an

22 THE PINE CONE old road which crossed the elevation Quite a few minutes and at least at right angles about a mile and a four cups of black coffee from the big half away. Maynard and I proceeded thermos helped to calm him down. We to circle around by auto road and tried to find out what had actually eventually take up appropriate hunt­ happened and little by little patched ing stations where this road crossed the story together. After leaving the ridge. Wilbur, Bud had worked his way Bud carried a 30-’06 Springfield and slowly along the side hill for fifteen a full box of 20 cartridges. All the or twenty minutes. Frequently he way to Casco he had impressed us stopped to rest and listen. During one with tales of the tremendous shocking of these pauses, a stick snapped in power of the 30-’06. He wanted to the woodland stillness some yards place his shot, he explained, so that he ahead. He was tenser than two wouldn’t spoil too much meat . . . that G-strings on a jig fiddle. He waited. guns like this one were commonly used Out from a clump of jack-pines about for elephant hunting in Africa, etc. 80 yards away walked two does fol­ etc. His running commentary was re­ lowed by a magnificent buck! ceived with courteous reservation. Bud took careful aim at the big Maynard and I remained on our re­ buck. That highly touted 30-’06 spective stands without seeing more barked. The does disappeared but the than a few red squirrels until 2 p. m. buck, apparently rattled and not Wilbur showed up shortly after that. knowing exactly from which direction Upon questioning, he said that he the shot came, started straight for hadn’t seen Bud since shortly after Bud! At a distance of about 35 yards 11:30 a. m. when they had separated. as the deer approached quartering, he We waited around for a while. There jacked in another cartridge and fired was no sign of Bud. Feeling that he again. The buck went down! surely couldn’t get lost following that After getting a grip on himself pronounced humpback ridge ... I de­ (for this was the first deer he had cided to hunt for a while in an area ever shot) Bud walked over to within further on beyond our “standing road” 25 or 30 feet of the sprawling animal until he put in an appearance. May­ and sat down on a log. My warning nard elected to stay on a good “run” about keeping a safe distance from not far from the car while Wilbur the slashing hoofs of a wounded deer went along with me. filtered through his mind. Having re­ Fresh deer signs were much in evi­ gained some measure of his self-con­ dence and time passed rapidly. About trol by this time, he lit a cigaret and four o’clock I heard the horn on my sat smoking on the fallen timber. car blowing frantically. I started for About half way through the smoke, the car. I’ll never forget the sight the buck started to kick and struggle that greeted my eyes on the road just although still on the ground. Bud below the automobile. Bud had ar­ considered a head shot to end the rived . . . in fact, he ran half way thing for sure but decided against it down the hill to meet me . . . but I on the theory that the skull and ant­ hardly knew him. lers might be smashed up at close range. They sure were going to look His eyes were as large as the lens swell over the camp fireplace . . . about in a two cell flashlight . . . and twice ten points . . . and well formed. He as bright. His hat was gone and his took a couple of close range shots at shirttail out. Both knees were through the chest area instead . . . and then his hunting pants and showing red finished his cigaret. welts in the bare flesh. Wild hair Arising from the log, he loosened hung down over his face, which was his hunting knife and approached the gray with mud. His speech was inco­ fallen buck. When at a distance of herent. As he ran down the hill to­ three or four paces, the deer lifted its ward me he started yelling: “He was head and looked at him. Bud’s heart . . . I saw . . . back of a horse ... I stopped beating. Dashing back to the want you . . . couldn’t . . . got lost! fallen tree . . . he grabbed his rifle. Get your hurry!!! Right over there!’ By this time the buck was on his feet he yelled . . pointing straight up in­ and 10 yards away. Bud shot. The to the air. deer faltered. Bud fired again. The

AUTUMN, 1948 23 deer picked up speed. This was unbe­ heard a peculiar thumping sound and lievable! Bud fumbled in a fresh clip looked up to see the farmer’s bull of shells and ran to get nearer. That closing the distance between them at beautiful head for the camp wall was an alarming rate of speed! gaining distance and fast. To make Bud considered his rifle but then a sad story short, Bud kept running the price of beef flashed across his after the deer and firing. The animal mind. He made the barbed wire fence would occasionally falter just enough and rolled under it, minus a substan­ for him to gain back a little lost tial part of one trouser leg, just ground. Things went along like this twenty feet ahead of Ferdinand! Not until he had but two cartridges left until that moment did it occur to him out of a fresh box of twenty that that he was wearing a scarlet red morning. Finally the buck got out of hunting shirt. sight in some small pines. Arriving at the farm house more At this point, Bud decided that he than a little out of breath, Bud in­ needed help and started, he supposed, quired how to get back to his starting in much haste toward the old cross point. Much to his dismay, no one at road where we were to meet. Within the house could seem to figure out the next half-mile he found himself where he had come from. Finally, the hemmed in on all sides by swamp. farmer’s son loaded him onto the han­ This certainly was not according to dle bars of a bicycle and rode him two plans! Crashing through the under­ brush toward what looked like a high­ miles down the lane to a cross-roads er piece of land, he saw a gray-brown store. Further consultation here with form move slightly just ahead. He incoming customers and those around stopped. Thirty yards away a large the cracker barrel still provided no fat doe stepped into the open. He clue as to how Bud might find his way raised the rifle and pulling the trig­ back to where he started hunting. ger strained until his right fore-finger Half an hour later, an up and com­ nearly broke. The safety lock was on. ing lad of high school age drove up to Hastily releasing it he glanced up but the store in his father’s car. Follow­ the doe had gone. Cursing himself in ing some discussion he allowed that disgust, he snapped the safety back he knew of the old road where we on. Looking up again, he nearly faint­ were to be waiting for Bud. When the ed when another doe . . . slightly horn on my car had started blowing smaller than the first . . . stepped out so wildly, the missing member of our into plain view. Slamming the gun party had just arrived on the old to his shoulder he fired. The bullet cross-road through the courtesy of the went wild. Standing there for a mo­ high school boy in his father’s car . . . ment to get a better grip on himself plus two dollars. he suddenly realized that he had only Darkness was approaching when we one cartridge left . . . and that he had gotten a complete story out of was LOST! Bud. Nevertheless, we hurried over to the spot where he thought he had Choosing the largest pine in sight, last seen the big buck. Careful search­ Bud headed in that direction and wise­ ing revealed no trace of the deer. ly climbed to the very top in an at­ Night closed in and we were forced tempt to get his bearings. At a dis­ to abandon the hunt. This was the tance that he judged to be nearly two last day of the open season. We called miles he could just make out a set of the local Game Warden and made ar­ white farm buildings on a hill. An­ rangements to search the area without other mile of swamp, slough and firearms the next day. That night, brambles brought him to higher Nov. 30th, about three inches of soft ground where he could actually see snow fell, covering all traces of the the buildings ahead from ground level. woodland struggle. In spite of this Jumping a pasture fence a short dis­ handicap, we spent four hours the tance further on, he started making a next morning in careful examination “bee line” for the farm house. Two- of the whole area. Not a trace was thirds of the way across the field he ever found of Bud’s big buck.

24 THE PINE CONE PINE SHAVINGS the champ of recent years in the In­ land Fishing Division. Jack says that Some hot spots for fall fly fishing on June 25, 1947, he took one from are: The mouth of Bemis Stream on Mooselucmeguntic, Kennebago River, Spring Lake in Flagstaff weighing an Cupsuptic River, Kennebago Lake, even twenty pounds. Codding, by the King & Bartlett Lake and Tim Pond. way, is an exceptionally successful Further north most ponds in the fisherman, hunter and guide, whose Jackman Region such as Pierce, At- parties incidentally account for some tean, Heald, Holeb, Parlin and many of the finest specimens of both fish others show extra pay dirt at this and game coming out of this North­ time of year. The Northeast Carry western Region of Maine each yeai\ and Seboomook sections of Moosehead are always a good bet for sizable trout A still later report from Warden during late September. Square Lake Frank Phillips of Rangeley tells the thorofare in Aroostook County and Grand Lake Stream thorofare in story of a 2 1 ^ -lb. togue being- taken Washington County hardly ever fail from Varnum Pond in Franklin to produce top-notch action with fish County by Austin Hodgkins of Tem­ running well up in size. General law ple. This fish was 41-inches long. in Maine closes all lakes and ponds to Hodgkins played it for over forty fishing after Sept. 30. However, a minutes before bringing the net into special regulation permits fly fishing action. As far as we know at press only with a limit of one fish per day time this fish is really the largest in in certain areas of the Rangeley Re­ the inland waters division to be taken gion. in recent years. Can anyone who has A1 Eastman of Bath is working on fished Maine lakes and streams since a product which he believes will al­ 1940 top this one? low hunters, camera enthusiasts and nature lovers to approach wild ani­ Of real interest to hunters is the mals much closer than ever before. 1947 Deer Kill Map, compiled by W. Eastman’s preparation is reported to Earle Bradbury, Deputy Commissioner “knock out” the normal human odor of Inland Fisheries & Game a short and to actually attract wild creatures time ago. Earle points out that com­ instead of causing fear. His trade parison between this map and others name for the preparation will be of recent year's tends to show how “Close Up.” Maine’s deer are gradually moving south into the more closely populated Inland Fish & Game Wardens Camp areas of the State. Authorities say at Dead River was pillaged by a bear that this migration is due to the white last week. Bruin went off with the tails’ interest in the more readily framework of a window including available food supply adjacent to some glass, around his neck as a sou­ farming communities. Washington, venir of his nocturnal wanderings. Penobscot and Hancock Counties re­ All hunters north of Rangeley please spectively, lead in the number of deer be alerted for an extra special shot at tagged during the 1947 open season. a bear in picture frame setting. Standish in Cumberland County re­ ported the highest number for any one Did you know that there is a Maine town. Impressive total for an ex­ statute regulating the hunting of the tremely short season was 30,349. In­ Capercailzie . . . and do you know land Fish & Game Commissioner what one is? George J. Stobie says that in spite of Correction: Jack Codding, proprietor more intensive hunting the last few of Black Bear Camps at Stratton years, deer in Maine are increasing writes to advise that the picture of a steadily. He estimates that a 1948 kill 17%-lb. togue (with Bobbie Roberts of 45,000 would not be heavy enough of Greenville alongside) in the Spring to seriously deplete Maine’s deer issue of PINE CONE is definitely not population.

AUTUMN, 1948 25 Meet The “ Duchess” By William A. Hatch PINE CONE Staff Photographer

^^ET DEER are not uncommon in Maine, especially nowadays when the State is producing one of the largest deer crops on record, but this is what I walked into dur­ ing a casual call at Deer Farm Camps, Kingfield, late in August. Game Warden Earland Winters found the youngster, half-starved and deserted by its mother, trapped in a pile of brush in his patrol area. Mrs. Winters cared for the baby until it was well enough to romp the woods again and now it is both a camp guest and pet. It runs in the woods at will, but never too far away to answer Mrs. Winters’ call. Clanging of the mealtime bell brings the fawn pawing at the kitchen door to remind Mrs. Winters it is time for a pan of warm milk, as above.

At six months, the “Duchess,” as Mrs. Winters has nicknamed her pet, has graduated from the nursing bottle to a saucepan. New guests arriving at the camp are sometimes startled to find the “Duchess” sleeping in the sun on the porch, waiting for mealtime. Above: “Duchess” tries to make friends with Smokey’s new kittens, but the mother cat is wary of such familiarity and spits her disap­ proval. This hostile reception confuses “Duchess” for the moment, so she bounds off in search of new conquests.

Below: The dining room at mealtime has an especial attraction for “Duchess” and occasionally Mrs. Winters gives in to the pleas of the guests and allows the fawn inside. Here Mrs. Hugh Van Zelm of Scarsdale, N. Y., finds a new thrill from a visit to Maine by giving “Duchess” a tidbit from the table, while her husband and Mrs. Putnam Cady of Fonda, N. Y., enjoy the diversion. “A Woman’s Work yy By Theresa I. Maxfield Portland’s Woman’s Literary Union, with 1,200 mem­ bers, is the largest and most active women’s club in Maine and perhaps New England. Here is the fascinating story of its origin and growth and the enthusiastic interests of its members.

T n November of next year the not a completely successful venture Woman’s Literary Union of Port­ financially, as opening and heating the land will celebrate its sixtieth anni­ church consumed any profits. Conse­ versary. The first organization of its quently, as the second season ap­ kind in the world, as far as is known; proached, and the demand still existed, that is, the first federation of several he sought the aid of Mrs. Eunice Frye, clubs to form a larger unit, the Union one of Portland’s civic leaders. Be­ has been a pioneer among social and cause attendance at these lectures cer­ civic groups in Maine and in the Na­ tified the bond of a common interest tion during its more than half-century among members of the group, Mrs. of operation. Frye, who was already active in one Its history is an interesting one, es­ of the city’s leading established clubs, pecially since the WLU story is, in recognized the opportunity for a uni­ many phases, the story of the develop­ fied effort to promote the activity. In ment of the club movement in general. a flash of inspiration Mrs. Frye add­ Women’s clubs—the congregation of ed, “Wouldn’t it be delightful if all groups of women in a common pur­ the club women of the city could come pose—had their earliest beginnings together for some general exercises?” during Civil War days, when groups From this thought the federation met to work for the soldiers. The dis­ which grew into the Woman’s Literary continuance of these activities when Union was evolved. The idea met with the war ended was deeply felt, and widespread approval, and at a meet­ the desire for social gatherings, cen­ ing of representatives of the sixteen tered about a common interest, re­ women’s clubs then existing in Port­ sulted in a wave of women’s clubs land, held in May, 1889, the proposal which extended throughout the coun­ of federation was presented for con­ try. sideration. At a second meeting in In this activity Maine women were November of that year, the formation pioneers. Several clubs were formed of the Ladies’ Literary Union Club of in Portland in the early ’eighties; Portland took place. The membership, many more groups met informally. which included ten clubs and twenty- Shakespeare’s plays—reading and dis­ one ladies not associated with any of cussion—were the most popular the clubs, totalled 113, and was headed themes for meetings. by Mrs. Susan E. Bragdon, its first A course of lectures on this subject, president. The object of the federa­ conducted by the Reverend Asa Dal­ tion was “to bring together the wo­ ton, D. D., of St. Stephens’ Church men of Portland for intellectual ad­ played an important role in the early vancement and educational progress.” threads of organization which led to The following year the name was the ultimate development of the Wo­ changed to the Woman’s Literary man’s Literary Union. Union. The name placed no limita­ Dr. Dalton concluded his first series tions upon the club’s activities, for, in of lectures in his church. This was addition to the excellent classical pro-

28 THE PINE CONE This year's handcraft exhibit of the WLU was one of the biggest and best in the history of the organization. Here is part of the ex­ tensive hooked rug display, which evoked much comment and praise. grams, study classes were formed in The first great concentration of ef­ handcraft, nature study, French, dra­ fort of all Union members was brought matics, civics, parliamentary law and about by Red Cross work during the home economics. first World War—sewing, knitting, Besides the class activity, a work­ bandage rolling, etc. Needless to add, ing interest was maintained in civic the Union club house was, during the affairs, such as good roads, child labor, years of World War II, the scene of schoolroom decoration, baby hygiene history repeating itself in patriotic and welfare, road-side beautification, endeavor. and, in later years, city planning. There were usually only three Union During the first quarter century meetings during each winter, while of its development, the Union’s great­ the bulk of the activity was carried on est problem was a meeting place. Be­ during the more frequent meetings of cause of the rapid growth in member­ the individual clubs. ship, the club repeatedly outgrew the In March, 1908, a special meeting halls in which it convened. In spite of of the Union was called for the pur­ a growing fund to realize the dream pose of reoi’ganization. The outcome of a club house of its own, the club of the meeting was the establishment was not financially equipped to pur­ of five departments of study—litera­ chase its dream. Realization did come ture and arts, sociology, education, early, however, for, in January, 1916, forestry and crafts and industries. At Mr. George C. Frye, husband of periodic meetings members of each de­ Eunice Frye, conveyed to the club the partment presented papers in line house and property at 76 and 78 with their studies. Spring Street. To this generous gift

AUTUMN, 1948 29 Mr. Frye added the promise of ten ting for the activities of the modern thousand dollars in cash, with the pro­ Union. viso that the club increase its own fund of eight or nine thousand dollars Building upon the plan laid down to fifteen thousand dollars. That goal by Mrs. Bragdon, Mrs. Frye and the was quickly accomplished through the early members, later committees and contributions of public spirited citi­ members have expanded the “depart­ zens who, like Mr. Frye, had become mentalized” program from its early deeply interested in the growth of the schedule one meeting each year of club. each group to the present schedule by In June of that same year Mrs. which class rooms are in use five days Frye, who succeeded Mrs. Bragdon as a week. There are classes in French, the Union’s second president and who parliamentary law, bridge—contract subsequently became known as the and duplicate tournament, choral “mother of the Union,” turned the singing, stencilling, painting and deco­ first spade of earth for the construc­ rating and rug hooking. Each new tion of an auditorium which would season brings new demands for classes bear the name of “Frye Hall” in honor —art, literature, languages, public of the two major benefactors of the speaking and self expression—as the organization. This building, adjacent only requirement for the formation of to the Frye home, houses an audi­ a class is the concurrence of fifteen torium whose seating capacity ap­ members. proaches a thousand, and a banquet Oldest among Union study groups is hall which seats three hundred. Both the University Extension Class, for it of these halls have been a valuable is the outgrowth of Dr. Dalton’s lec­ source of income to the club, as they ture course, the activity which brought have been, and are today, in great de­ the original federation of clubs to­ mand by other organizations and gether. The lecture series has been an groups for concerts, dances and en­ annual feature since the Union was tertainments. In addition to these ex­ organized, and in later years, through tra-curricular activities, the halls are the cooperation of Maine colleges, be­ in weekly use by the club. came the Extension Course. In the The club house itself is an excellent past credits toward college degrees example of Victorian living. Con­ were given to members upon the suc­ structed in Colonial design of red cessful completion of the course. brick, it was built between 1820 and Ranking next in age are the French 1826 by Isaac Ilsley, a prosperous and parliamentary law groups, orig­ Portland citizen, for his daughter up­ inating in 1918 and 1919, respectively. on her marriage. In the early 1920’s Membership in the parliamentary law Mr. Frye purchased the home. class, a popular program during its The Union spent many years re­ many years, numbers nearly a hun­ storing the original decoration of the dred; that of the French class only house. The wallpapers are reproduc­ slightly less. tions of old designs, and were pre­ The contract class and duplicate sented to the club by the manufactur­ tournament meet bi-weekly and enjoy ers. The present furnishings of the a large enrollment. In addition to house have been gifts, representative their educational and entertainment pieces from the era of the ’eighties, values, they have been notably suc­ from members and friends of the club. cessful as fund-raising instruments A quaint mahogany-and-plush sofa in for many courses. the front parlor fills the dual role of The Choral Group is one of the original and later gift. Built for the Union’s most glamorous classes. At first owner, Isaac Ilsley’s daughter, it weekly meetings its members are di­ passed through a series of other own­ rected in the techniques of choral erships, to return to its place as a gift singing, rehearse many numbers for of its last owner. their own enjoyment and perfect their Furnishings and decorations too two major projects of the year, a pro­ numerous to list make every wall, gram of Christmas music for the holi­ every corner of each room a point of day season, and a spring program interest. Pictures, mirrors, paintings, which variously assumes the form of furniture combine to frame a rare set­ a concert, operetta or musical comedy.

30 THE PINE CONE Choral group activities of the WLU have always been one of the organization's outstand­ ing projects. Taking part in this year’s musi­ cal comedy were, left to right, Mrs. Roy G. Johnson, Mrs. Alfred Erickson, Mrs. Walter M. Tapley, Jr., Mrs. Linwood S. Cross, Mrs. Edwin G. Pierce, Mrs. T. Sanford Pitcher and Mrs. Richard H. Bruns.

Also, the group is frequently called to the full-scale), travel, politics, in­ upon to make radio appearances in ternational affairs, sociology and so­ conjunction with programs devoted to cial problems. woman’s club activity in Maine. Tangible evidence of this scope of Newest among the active classes are interests is a partial list of speakers the handcraft groups — stencilling, who have appeared at Union meetings painting and decorating and rug in recent years: Dorothy Fuldheim, hooking. They are the outgrowth of Cleveland radio commentator; Phyllis a recent two-year series of programs Bottome, English writer; Mme. Su­ on hobbies and interests which pre­ zanne Silvercruys, sculptor; Nicholas sented a variety of subjects at month­ Slonimsky, pianist; Will Durant, phil­ ly meetings. osopher; Elinor Graham, Maine writ­ The handcraft classes turn out ex­ er; Mrs. Mark W. Clark, wife of amples of their arts which rank with W’orld War II Fifth Army command­ the best and which draw a large and er; Mrs. Raymond Clapper, whose war appreciative attendance at their an­ correspondent husband lost his life in nual exhibits. While the hooking, a Pacific plane crash; Bertita Hard­ stencilling and decorating arts were ing, author-traveller; Dr. Tehyi Hsieh, well started on their way toward the noted Chinese author; Robert P. T. general revival which is now taking Coffin, Maine poet and professor; au­ place, the Union’s classes have been thors Lloyd C. Douglas, Ben Ames largely responsible for the widespread Williams and Clifton Fadiman; com­ activity in the Portland area, and for mentators Hector Bolitho. Bruce the speed with which interest has Thomas and Jay Allen; Gerald Wendt, broadened. « scientist and editor of Science Illus­ trated; Maurice Fishbein, New York In addition to the organized class educator; Edward Weeks, editor of activity, the Union’s schedule includes The Atlantic Monthly; the Siberian some fifty special programs each year. Singers; monologuist Beth Carev; These programs cover a wide range of Dorothy Adlow, art critic of The interests — music, literature, art, Christian Science Monitor; journalist science, drama (fi-om the monologue Vanya Oakes; and Harrison Lakin,

AUTUMN, 1948 31 who is the dean, one might say, of executive secretary who also acts as WLU lecturers, as his series of month­ rental agent for the Frye Hall prop­ ly lectures on international relations erty. dates from 1935. The Union is a formal corporation. In the course of its lecture season, Its chief costs of operation are those the club annually presents a commu­ of maintenance, heating and owner­ nity lecture for the people of Portland. ship expenses of the house and Frye Many of the nation’s leaders in the Hall. These costs are offset chiefly by held of lectureship have appeared on rental fees, interest on investments the Frye Hall stage as the Union’s and membership fees. Here it is inter­ gift to the city. esting to note that, despite the rapidly Supplementary to its local activity, increasing costs of recent years, the the WLU is also an active member of Union has not raised its annual dues the Maine Federation of Women’s from the five dollars set in 1920! Clubs, and as such has frequently been Reciprocal relations are maintained host to the Federation’s annual meet­ with women’s clubs in Boston, New ings. This role in the Federation is a York, Philadelphia, St. Paul, Grand logical one, for Mrs. Frye was instru­ Rapids and London, England. Ex­ mental in establishing the state fed­ change privileges of these clubs are eration and was active in its work for available to all Union members, and many years. are similarly offered by the Union up­ on the presentation of its card of in­ In structure the organization is a troduction. miniatui’e government. Administra­ tion and policymaking are in the hands The Woman’s Literary Union is of the twenty members of the Board unquestionably fulfilling its first ob­ of Directors. Working in conjunction ject; namely, to provide a place for with the Board is the Executive Com­ social gatherings centered about com­ mittee which is made up of the officers mon interests. Besides this fulfill­ —president, first and second vice presi­ ment, it offers to its members count­ dents, corresponding and recording less opportunities for study, social and secretaries, treasurer and auditor. mental enlightenment and the develop­ The president is a member, ex of­ ment of progressive thinking. More­ ficio, of each of the standing commit­ over, in the words of Ella M. Bangs, tees—finance, house, investment, legis­ Maine historian-novelist, “self-culture lature, membership, program, univer­ is not its prime objective. We seek sity extension, publicity, rules and knowledge that we may give it again, regulations, scholarship, social activi­ and while we strive to stimulate the ties and tea—and of the special com­ intellectual life of our members, we at mittees—friendship, hospitality and the same time work to promote the nominating. spirit of cooperation in the commu­ Each of the study classes is headed nity, to give uplifting helpfulness to all by a class leader. The leaders are in who come within the influence of our turn responsible to the first vice presi­ club.” dent, who also serves as Director of So the work continues, the work be­ Classes. gun by Mrs. Frye and her supporters, Today the Woman’s Literary Union the work forwarded by present mem­ numbers 1000 active members, the limit bers, the work to be done by future imposed by its by-laws, plus 200 non­ members. In the words of the adage, resident and student members, and “it is never done,” but will continue holds a lengthy waiting list of pro­ as long as there are members to carry spective members. More than one hun­ it on. dred and twenty-five of its members The most fitting conclusion, it each year are engaged in executive, seems, to this story of Maine’s largest directive and committee work, operat­ woman’s club is the quotation of its ing and maintaining the club house, creed, the collect that is used by all serving at luncheons and teas, compil­ federated Maine clubs ... a sympo­ ing programs, regulating finances and sium of thoughts of far-reaching ef­ investments and completing the in­ fect and application: numerable duties involved in operating “Keep us, O God, from pettiness; a club activity of this magnitude. In let us be large in thought, in word, in addition, the club employs a full-time deed.

32 THE PINE CONE Present officers of the Woman’s Literary Union are, left to right, Mrs. Arthur E. Kimball, auditor; Mrs. Ella K. Crocker, treasurer; Mrs. Royal Boston, recording secretary; Mrs. Sara C. Wright, first vice president; Mrs. S. Arthur Paul, second vice president; and Mrs. Carroll S. Chaplin, president. Mrs. Walter M. Bachelder is corre­ sponding secretary.

“Let us be done with fault-finding better impulses, straightforward and and leave off self-seeking. unafraid. “May we put away all pretense and “Grant that we may realize it is meet each other face to face—without the little things that create differ­ self-pity and without prejudice. ences, that in the big things of life we “May we never be hasty in judg­ are as one. ment and always generous. “And may we strive to touch and to “Let us take time for all things; know the great common human heart make us to grow calm, serene, gentle. of us all, and, oh, Lord God, let us “Teach us to put into action our forget not to be kind!”

AUTUMN, 1948 33 Governors of Maine, 1900-1948 By Reginald E. Carles Here for the first time are the condensed biographies of Maine’s last sixteen Governors. Our young author has promised to prepare similar sketches for the 1820-1900 period for subsequent issues.

lewellyn Powers was in his sec­ tended Bowdoin College and was a L ond term of office as the 38th classmate of Rear Admiral Robert E. Governor of Maine in 1900. He was Peary, discoverer of the North Pole. born in 1838 in an old log cabin, quite He later went to Europe and studied similar in structure to the one in in the Universities of Leipsic and Ber­ which Abraham Lincoln lived as a lin. Upon his return to America he boy. His birthplace was at Pittsfield attended Harvard Law School for a and he was the eldest member of a year. He was always interested in family of ten children. His mother politics and was elected Governor in was a country school teacher. The 1904 and reelected in 1906. He was early childhood of Llewellyn Powers best known as chief executive for his was spent doing the customary chores resolute stand on the Sturgis Law of around the family farm and going to that day, which called for strict en­ the rural district school. He worked forcement of prohibitory laws. He his way through Pittsfield Academy, was asked by popular demand to run Albany Law School and Colby Col­ for U. S. Senator but declined. He lege. He entered politics and became was greatly honored throughout his a state senator, and was Speaker of lifetime by Bowdoin College. Presi­ the House in 1895. He was elected dent Hoover appointed him state Governor in 1896 and re-elected in chairman of the Citizens Reconstruc­ 1898. Governor Powers was chief tion Organization to help release executive during the Spanish-Amer- funds that were being hoarded at that ican War. In April of 1901 he was time by private citizens. He was a elected to Congress from the Fourth leading business executive. William Congressional District to complete the T. Cobb was a Republican, resided at term of Charles Boutelle of Bangor. Rockland and died July 24, 1937. He was re-elected to the 58th, 59th, Bert M. Fernald was the 41st Gov­ and 60th Congresses. Llewellyn Pow­ ernor of Maine. He was born in West ers was a Republican, resided in Houl- Poland April 3, 1858. He attended ton and died July 28th, 1908. Hebron Academy and Boston Business John Fremont Hill was the 39th School. He was elected Governor in Governor of Maine. He was born in 1908. Fernald was well known as “a Eliot, Oct. 29, 1855. He received his good speaker, a good farmer, a good education at South Berwick Academy corn packer and a good campaigner.” and the Putnam School at Newbury, In 1916 he was elected to Congress to Mass. He also attended the Maine fill the unexpired term of Sen. Edwin Medical School for a year, but later C. Burleigh and was reelected in 1918. decided to adopt a business career. He was one of the most popular Gov­ He was a partner in the publishing ernors and U. S. Senators the state firm of Vickery & Hill of Augusta. ever had. Bert M. Fernald re-entered He was elected Governor in 1900 and business after his political career, was re-elected in 1902. John F. Hill was a strong Republican and resided in a Republican. Poland. He died August 24, 1926. William Titcomb Cobb was the ^ Frederick W. Plaisted was the 42nd 40th Governor of Maine. He was born Governor of Maine. He was born in in Rockland July 23, 1857. He at­ Bangor July 26, 1865. He was the son

34 THE PINE CONE of Harris M. Plaisted, former Gover­ state and national church circles. nor of Maine. He graduated from St. Milliken was the first to encourage the Johnsbury Academy in 1884 and be­ motion picture industry to use the gan newspaper work as the editor of beautiful scenery of Maine for out­ the “North Star” at Presque Isle. He door picture background. He was took over the management of his fa­ elected Governor in 1916 and reelected ther’s newspaper the “New Age,” a in 1918. Governor Milliken served as Democratic weekly in 1898. He was chief executive during World War I. mayor of Augusta in 1906, 1907 and He was once announced as a possible 1908. He was elected Governor in Vice Presidential candidate. He was 1910, at a time when the salary of the appointed Collector of The Port of State’s chief executive was $3,000 an­ Portland by President Calvin Cool- nually. Frederick W. Plaisted was a idge. Milliken once resided at Island Democrat, resided in Augusta and Falls, but is currently an executive died on March 5th, 1943. member of the Motion Picture Pro­ ducers and Distributors of America, William T. Haines was the 43rd with offices in New York and Los An­ Governor of Maine. He was born in geles. Levant August 7, 1854. He gradu­ During Governor Milliken’s second ated from the Maine State College in term he officiated at the state celebra­ ’76, and also graduated from Albany tion of the Maine Centennial in 1920. Law School in ’78. He was known as He also was chief executive when the a good farmer, lumber operator and state accepted the Blaine Mansion in lawyer. His life long ambition was 1919 from Mrs. Harriet Blaine Beale, to be nominated by the people to the who gave it in memory of her son Lt. Governorship. He was elected Gover­ Walker Blaine who died in France. nor in 1912. When he retired from It was the former home of James G. politics he became a prominent busi­ Blaine who was defeated for the ness executive and held directorship presidency by Grover Cleveland. in several of the state’s water com­ panies. William Tecumseh Haines Frederic Hale Park hurst was was a Republican, resided in Water- the 46th Governor of Maine. He was ville and died June 4, 1919. born at Unity Nov. 5, 1864. He was graduated from Columbia University Oakley Chester Curtis was the in 1887. Parkhurst became interested 44th Governor of Maine. He was born in politics and was president of the in Portland March 29, 1866, and at­ Maine Senate. He was once asked by tended the public schools there. He a friend why he wanted to become joined the firm of Randall & McAllis­ Governor, his answer being, “I want ter as a manual laborer and worked only to serve.” He was elected Gov­ his way up to general manager and ernor in 1920. He died Jan. 30, 1921, president in 1895. He was mayor of the third Governor to die while in of­ Portland from 1910 to 1913. He was fice since 1820. He resided in Bangor elected Governor in 1914. Governor and was a Republican. Curtis was made an honorary member of the Passamaquoddy Indians on Percival Proctor Baxter was the Christmas Day, 1916, for legislative 47th Governor of Maine. He was born favors to that tribe. He was president in Portland, Nov. 22, 1876. He grad­ of the Casco Mercantile Trust Co., and uated from Harvard Law School in director of the United States Trust 1901. His father was James P. Bax­ Company and the Union Safe Deposit ter, an extensive property owner who & Trust Co. Oakley C. Curtis was a left this real estate to his son to man­ Democrat, resided in Portland and age. Baxter was greatly interested died February 23, 1924. in politics and was president of the Maine Senate at the time of Gov. Carl Elias Milliken was the 45th Parkhurst’s death, thereby succeeding Governor of Maine. He was born in him and becoming Governor. He was Pittsfield on July 13th, 1877. He the first bachelor Governor since graduated from Bates College in 1897, Henry B. Cleaves of Portland in 1892- and took a post-graduate course at 94. He was elected Governor for a Harvard. He was a leading figure in full term in 1922.

AUTUMN, 1948 35 During Governor Baxter’s adminis­ coast, and was the first Governor to tration he was well known for his love promote the state as a national “Va- of animals, having had Irish Setter cationland.” Under Governor Gard­ dogs all his life. On June 1, 1923, one iner the State Government was reor­ of his dogs, “Garry,” died and Gover­ ganized and a new administrative nor Baxter ordered the Stars and “code” adopted. Stripes lowered at the State House in During World War II Gardiner was honor of his canine pal. This unusual a directing officer with the 8th A.A.F., tribute to a member of the animal Intelligence Corps. He was one of the kingdom was given wide coverage by Allied officers who played a prominent state and national newspapers, and role in the capitulation of Italy. He caused considerable controversy. In has been decorated five times for his 1925 a memorial tablet was erected splendid war record. William Tudor to Gov. Baxter’s dog “Garry” in the Gardiner holds membership in the Re­ State Museum and hangs there today. publican Party and is currently in Percival P. Baxter is well known business in Boston, Mass., holding di­ as a humanitarian and philanthropist rectorship in several corporations, in­ here in Maine, and is a prominent cluding the Incorporated Investors, figure in many humane societies, in­ U. S. Smelting and Northeast Air­ cluding the New England anti-vivisec- lines. tionists. He has donated land to the City of Portland and established a beautiful park and boulevard, and is Louis J. Brann was the 50th Gov­ currently directing the enlargement ernor of Maine. He was born at Madi­ of his biggest project, the Baxter son July 8, 1876. He was graduated State Park, which is comprised of over from the University of Maine in 1898 135,000 acres of land. Baxter has left and became a lawyer. He was Mayor it his wish that this attractive park of Lewiston for five terms and was remain in its natural wildlife -state. elected Governor in 1932 (swept into Upon his death Baxter has left provi­ office with the Roosevelt landslide) sions in his will to leave his home on and reelected in 1934. He was given Mackworth Island in Casco Bay to the title of the “greatest publicist in the State to be used as a home or hos­ Maine’s history.” He was the first pital for childi-en. Percival P. Baxter Democratic Governor of Maine to be is a Republican and has traveled ex­ reelected since the Civil War. Gover­ tensively the world over, but has al­ nor Brann was an immaculate dresser ways remained close to the hearts of and ardent baseball fan. He was a the Maine people to whom he is en­ popular “man of the people.” He died deared. on Feb. 3, 1948. Lewis Orin Barrows was the 51st Ralph Owen Brewster was the Governor of Maine. He was born in 48th Governor of Maine. He was born Newport June 8, 1893. He was grad­ at Dexter Feb. 22, 1888. He received uated from Hebron Academy in 1912 his education at Bowdoin College and and the University of Maine in 1916. Harvard Law School. He entered He worked in his father’s drug store politics and was elected Governor in and became a page boy in the State 1924 and reelected in 1926. He was House at the age of 14. He was a stu­ elected to the 75th and 76th Congress dent of “political philosophy,” and as a Representative from Maine. He was elected Governor in 1936 and re­ was elected U. S. Senator in 1940 and elected in 1938. He is a Republican reelected in 1946. Senator Owen and is currently an executive officer Brewster was mentioned as a possible of the United Mutual Insurance Com­ Vice Presidential candidate in 1946 pany and the Liberty Mutual Insur­ and 1948. He is a Republican. ance Company of Boston, Mass. William Tudor Gardiner was the 49th Governor of Maine. He was born Sumner Sewall was the 52nd Gov­ at Newton, July 12, 1892. He was ernor of Maine. He was born at Bath. graduated from Groton in 1910 and He attended the Westminster School Harvard in 1914. He was elected of Simsbury, Mass., Harvard Univer­ Governor in 1928 and reelected in sity and Yale. He was a World War I 1930. He loved to sail along the Maine hero and a comrade of Eddie Ricken-

36 THE PINE CONE backer, famed air ace of that war. Horace A. Hildreth is the present He was elected Governor in 1940 and and 53rd Governor of Maine. He was reelected in 1942. Governor Sewall born in Gardiner in 1903. He is a graduate of Bowdoin College and Har­ served through World War II as the vard Law School. He became a lawyer State chief executive. He was a and entered politics, rising up through strong proponent of National Defense the legislative ranks. He was presi­ and introduced legislative bills to en­ dent of the Maine Senate in 1943, and large Maine’s airport facilities. Im­ was elected Governor in 1944 and re­ mediately after retiring from the elected in 1946. Horace A. Hildreth Blaine Mansion he became active di­ has received the title of “a sincere rector of the United Airlines. After leader and progressive Governor.” He the War he was appointed Civilian is an ardent sportsman. He was elect­ ed chairman of the National Gover­ Military Governor of the American nor’s Council in 1948. Governor Hil­ Zone of Occupation in Germany dreth is a Republican. (1946-1947) assistant to Lt. Gen. Lu­ Thus we complete the Biographical cius D. Clay. He is a Republican and Sketches of sixteen consecutive Gov­ a business executive. ernors of Maine from 1900 to 1948.

Bates Fabrics, Inc., a sales subsidiary of Bates Manu­ facturing Company has become the first Maine firm to sponsor a weekly television program (NBC’s east coast television network). It is also the first important Amer­ ican textile manufacturer to take such a step. The show is called “Girl About Town,” Wednesdays, 8-8:20 p. m. It will display Bates home furnishings, bedspreads, draperies, piece goods and finished products, all of them made in Bates mills at Lewiston, Augusta and Saco.

* * * *

Maine industrial products went on display for the first time as a group in the State of Maine Building at the Eastern States Exposition, Springfield, Mass., Sept. 19-26. Plans for an even larger industrial exhibit next year are even now being made by the Maine Publicity Bureau.

AUTUMN, 1948 37 Minstrelsy of Maine

* Edited, by Sheldon Christian

Editor of Poems About Maine: An Anthology, and The Winged Word: A Quarterly Devoted to the Poetic Arts.

P oems, to be eligible for consideration for this Department, should be about Maine or of particular interest to lovers of Maine. While at least minimum standards of craftsmanship will be required, selections will be made on the basis of reader interest, rather than critical perfection. Only previously un­ published poems should be submitted. All submissions should be sent directly to Sheldon Ch r istia n , Editor, Minstrelsy of Maine Department, 10 Mason Street, Brunswick, Maine; and should be accompanied by the usual stamped, self-addressed envelope for return of the material if not found available.

From Out My Kitchen To Sit Upon a Wall Window By Edwin D. Merry By Ruth Power Barstow npODAY I’d love to sit upon a wall, Where apple blossoms drift and orches against the grey-blue sky, fall. The sumac seed-pods glow; The place I know looks out to sea TA shaggy bird’s nest cradled there O’er fish-house roofs; Is blanketed with snow. An old grey wharf juts out below, Where lobster pots sulk row on row— The white birch stands with simple All shimmering in the mid-day heat. grace Far below me lies the fleet While to her tresses cling Of fishing boats—weathered, dozing, Precious stones in diadem Scale-smeared things. The gift of Winter’s King. In dories where the nets are piled, Hot hornets whine and sing A yellow birch in crystal gown Above the devil’s apron strings. Spreads wide her spangled train As, bending low, she curtsies I would not toss my towsled hair To Winter Wind’s refrain. To loose the white drift settled there, Nor turn my head, nor break the spell Now sunlight trails her golden scarf Of this fine rapture ’neath the tree. With gesture warm and free; I would go on and hold Spring’s hand; Prismatic colors sparkle I’d romp with her across the land— From every bush and tree. We’d kneel together, knee-to-knee, And drink deep draughts of ecstasy. Each tiny branch and seeded flower Left standing in the snow, Today I’d sit upon a wall Becomes a shining fairy wand Where apple blossoms loose and fall. Tipped with a jewel’s glow. The place I know looks out to sea, Where ships can float and cease to be. From out my kitchen window A man needs such an afternoon I gaze upon this scene; With gulls, and ferns, and dead grass And, lulled by magic beauty, smoke I turn away, serene. And drift of voices up a slope.

38 THE PINE CONE A cosmos vagabond that went astray Red Light on Katahdin Inclines its velvet petals toward the man By Manfred A. Carter Who, peacefully, sits whittling life /T'he mountain lost in shadow away. . . -*■ Clings to sunset and desire, No buzzing wasp annoys this artisan. When red light on Katahdin Turns gray stone to sudden fire. Tall trees are dark and dreaming, The Juniper But the peaks are still awake, Though mist has rung its curfew By Mary Billings Through the twilight on the lake; T give you the juniper! Dweller on And, early in the morning, granite ledges! The first rays will be there— Not the model of neatness used for To kiss a crest that’s dreaming suburban hedges, Of the glory of the air. . . But the straggling, wind-whipped, evergreen Bush with ragged edges. Juniper takes on a rusty bronze As the year wears through, Maine Woodshed Challenges winter with clustered ber­ ries By Mary Lincoln Orr Of mountain-blue— Berries as sweet as sun-warmed elow the ell, it drops a step or clover, two: Beaded with balsam dew. BThe woodshed with its tantalizing charm. . . Here’s to juniper—authentic rustic— Its clutter from the past, and tools Bush with ragged edges— quite new, Signature of the northeast wind, Add mild enchantment to the seaside Scrawled on pasture ledges. farm. Old horsewhips, saddles, clam-hoes peg the wall; None But the Lonely A chest of drawers is brimmed with screws and nails; Heart Ship models: broken; and a horn to call By Jean Crosse Hansen Out “dinner,” hang near fishing gear and sails. his is the path we took With the sea gulls crying A clump of paper birches grows be­ Along the lonely beach side And the gold light dying; The clamshell path that scatters from the door, But two can never be sad And curlews flying on the rising tide, As one, who, in sorrow, Chase swallows to the eaves, as they Walks a sea-worn path alone, explore. Dreading tomorrow.

AUTUMN, 1948 39 A R O U N D //,{ CRACKER BARREL'

By Elizabeth A. Mason

C oon Autumn’s colors will riot It is an opportunity for leisurely ^ across Maine hillsides, making visiting in Maine—long evenings be­ Summer’s departure less hard to bear, fore the fire in Maine hunting lodges. for this is the season of the year when Lodges cozy and restful like O’Kurn Maine is at its best—crisp mornings, run by the hospitable Greenlaws at warm noons, when one basks happily East Musquash Lake, or any one of on uncrowded beaches, or joins the the many dotting our lake shores from happy holidaying families at fall fairs Rangeley to Grand Lake Stream, from Acton to Machias. It is a time where one finds it hai’d to choose, due for savoring the rare quality which is to the excellence of locations and the Maine, just as one savors the mellow­ warm hospitality of camp operators. ing cider from our abundant orchards. There will be horse shows, and dog One finds Autumn here has the same shows, as well as fairs, and free of heady quality. Just the ride from the haste we felt in summer, we shall Bethel to Waterford for the World’s enjoy each event. Fair is an experience never to be for­ gotten—rich colors of woods against With Fall’s arrival we think of all clear blue skies. the activities our communities will be It is pleasant to explore our State engaged in now and through the com­ Parks, and enjoy fall picnics. Mt. ing months, and we wonder if there is Blue Park at Weld is incomparably any more civic-minded town in Maine lovely with color, and one can pick up than Pittsfield. Its residents will as­ some extras for the picnic at the sure you that when anything comes up unique “Farmer’s Wife” snack shop for the good of the town, they all pitch run by hospitable Mrs. Lee. Color will in and work together. Is it not this flame too, in St. George Park in Lib­ fact that accounts for its prosperity erty. After a good hike around St. and progressiveness? At Maine Cen­ George, Mrs. Adams of the Adams tral Institute students under the ex­ House can give you a country dinner, pert guidance of Howard Niblock, ample, satisfying and something that headmaster, are really being fitted for you have dreamed of, without hope of life through a well-planned practical experiencing. curriculum. MCI’s students who have This is also a time for wandering gone on to college are noted for being country roads and more remote scenic outstanding, and now the school looks spots, such as Route 175 in Brooks- forward to becoming a Junior College. ville, where from the top of Caterpil­ One of the finest things we have lar Hill one can gaze at all the beauty ever seen done by any elementary of Penobscot Bay, rimmed with the school teacher is the comprehensive flaming color of Autumn. “Pittsfield — Its History, Resources

40 THE PINE CONE and Government” prepared this past stead this beautiful park, which cer­ year by Lawrence Grindle’s eighth tainly is a fine way to attract people grade under his guidance. It was to the Maine way of life. brought to our attention by Roy Sin­ Pittsfield has had its share of fa­ clair whose daughter, Nancy, helped mous people: Carl Milliken, Governor in the preparation. We would wel­ of Maine during World War I, and come such a hook on every commu­ now with the Motion Picture Review­ nity, and what better way of starting ers Board. Llewellyn Powers, also one one’s children out with an awareness of Maine’s finest Governors, 1897-1901 of Maine’s resources and inculcating and later Congressman. The grand civic pride? old pastor, William Stimson, who left We haven’t heard of any juvenile his pastorate on leave of absence to problems in Pittsfield and we think we x-aise $10,000 for MCI, and who in his know why. Seldom anywhere will one old age subscribed his last $100 to help find parents giving more time to such pay the debt of the school, and Hugh organizations as Girl and Boy Scouts. Pendexter, historical novelist who died Just last season, Joseph Cianchette, in 1940, was born in Pittsfield. Too, local contractor, donated the complete there was Colonel Morrill, Congres­ renovation of the Girl Scout room in sional Medal of Honor holder, who be­ the Public Library, and it is a model gan the Civil War as a pirate. Re­ headquarters now. for which the girls turning to Pittsfield, he took up horse showed their appreciation by present­ racing and built the first ti'ack hei’e ing Mr. Cianchette with a plaque. On and at Dexter. Following his death, the edge of town we find too, Peltoma, friends organized the active Colonel an attractive housing development Morrill Club, and perhaps that is why built by Mr. Cianchette, where fine leading citizen J. Cianchette, has done new families are being attracted to so much for Maine racing with the live in Pittsfield, finding this a town, complete renovation of Bangor and not only offering good housing, but a Gorham tracks, and the award of the civic atmosphere conducive to whole­ Colonel Morrill Cup as a x’acing tro­ some family life. phy. Do you agree that Pittsfield is a The excellent Lancey House is in town for its l’esidents and Maine to be the center of town, and anpther trib­ proud of now? ute to Mr. Cianchette’s progressive­ ness. Its modern attractive appoint­ We wish more people would take ments and rooms nxake it a popular the ti'ouble to write us about their spot indeed with both business people achievements, or those of fellow Maine and tourists. We are happy to find natives. Even so we manage to keep too, that Mr. C. makes sure his coffee learning news. Incidentally, we were shop guests take away a souvenir of happy to hear that Dr. Robert Moore, Pittsfield in the form of an attractive whom we mentioned in an earlier is­ place mat drawn by Rev. Hinckley and sue was back for his usual sumrner depicting the town’s key spots and his­ visit and took in the Maine Writers’ torical points. On it one notes the new Conference. A United Press report Manson Park, Pittsfield’s center of recently announced that Major Annie recreation. The Mary Ann Lancey Gai’dner of 75 Fifth St., So. Portland, Manson Park was made possible had been named Commander of the through the will of John William first battalion of x-eactivated, Regular Manson, who died in 1941, leaving Women’s Army Corps at Camp Lee, $275,000 requesting that part of the Va. A former Aroostook Normal sum provide an annual income for a teacher, Major Gardner has been six park. The energetic Park Commis­ years in the WAC, with extensive sion, composed of Miss Florence Bux­ overseas service. Edwai’d McMena- ton, Kilbon Merrill, Harry Anderson, min, Portland High and Bowdoin Sadie McCrillis and Roy Sinclair, this Summer could point to flood-lighted alumnus, is now Director of Person- baseball diamonds, children’s play­ nel for ECA in Paris, serving dii-ect- ground, and picnic grove. A feature ly under Averill Harriman. which impresses us about this park is Out in St. Louis, Mo., U. of M. that one going through Pittsfield on Alumna Dr. Betty Carlin is pathology Maine Central trains will not look out affiliate at Barnes Hospital where Dr. at the usual depressing lots, but in­ Carlin interns. Dr. Betty C. is a

AUTUMN, 1948 41 Washburn native. Bath native and Harvest time is when one can view Bowdoin alumnus, Lawrence J. Hart, the results of the Maine farmers’ long has for twenty-five years guided the hours of toil, and realize what a great Gloucester, Mass., Chamber of Com­ resource our agricultural lands are— merce, very successfully as its man­ lands which must be wisely used so ager. Howard Palmer, Sumner na­ that not only high grade products are tive, who has been with the New York, New Haven, and Hai’tford R. R. since raised, but the soil kept from deple­ 1907 retired as president, recently. tion. We think that the excellent dairy His brother Raymond is Vice Presi­ farms in Hancock County, such as dent and General Manager of the those in Bluehill, and the Black Angus N. E. Transportation Company. being raised for beef in Eastbi’ook, are Sumner has many representatives fine examples of what progressive through other States—Linwood Bon- farmers can do in Maine today; and ney is vocational guidance director in down at Lubec, Sherwood Prout, for­ Fairfield, Conn., Charles Varney is su­ merly of Cape Elizabeth, can show one perintendent of schools in Stoneham, extensive lands from which have been Mass., and Richard Palmer, Jr., is shipped many truck loads of greens utility engineer for Shell Oil at Wood these past months. Visits to canning River, Illinois, Clarence Dyer is a re­ factories in Liberty, Jonesboro, Frye- search chemist for Brown Instrument burg and many other Maine communi­ of Philadelphia, and Vernon Bradeen ties will make one realize the extent is flight instructor at Maheu Airport, to which Maine grown corn, and beans while Richard Thomas, claim adjuster and peas and blueberries, reach the for Liberty Mutual, handles their big­ shelves of the Nation’s markets. We gest territory in Minneapolis. think a trip around Western York Ward Cleaves of Addison, who as a County and Oxford County during ap­ Colonel, supervised the Food Service ple harvesting is a wonderful experi­ Branch of ASF in the U. S. and later ence. in the Pacific, is now president of his A pleasant spot for visiting on a own company, Cleaves Food Service fall day is the Chinook Kennels of Corporation, with offices at 2141 I Perry Greene on Route I near Waldo- Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. and boro. The Greenes have entertained operating restaurants in Jersey City, visitors from nearly all the States and Quantico, and Silver Spring, Md. several foreign countries since they Helen Beasley Ochs, formerly of Old opened their kennels— admission free Town, is headmistress of the Mohawk —the past Summer. Chinook News, a Day Camps and Home School, Inc., at small newspaper now published by the White Plains, N. Y. Greenes, keeps dog owners all a part From teaching duties at Ridgewood, of a large happy Chinook-owner fam­ N. J., High School, comes Winterport ily. native Marion C. Eaton each Summer We wish more people in the Nation to conduct her sailing school, “The realized the colorful scene which Northport Navy,” where successful Maine presents in Autumn, for to us preliminary training was given many it is the finest time of year. Each turn boys who served during the war. For in the road from sea to mountains this Miss Eaton, who holds the first brings such unexpected glory of color, pilot’s license ever issued in Bangor that it is no wonder few artists have (1932), received naval commendation. attempted to capture “Maine in Au­ The school was born in 1943 following tumn” on canvas. sailing experience with Capt. Irving If you like Round the Cracker Bar­ Johnson on the “Yankee” and Capt. rel, please let us know—just a note or Swift on his schooner cruises out of a card with a bit of news also will be Camden. Several newspapers as well appreciated, and now is the time for as the recent August Yachting maga­ all our State of Maine Societies to zine have written of Miss Eaton’s instruct secretaries to keep us posted unique school for boys and girls. on current activities.

42 THE PINE CONE A utu m n is holiday-time . . . the in- Mt. Desert Brown Bread formal, individual holiday of Then, too, there are the people to World Series listening, a football whom beans just aren’t beans without game or a country excursion and pic­ brown bread. There were many among nic, as well as the calendared events our forebears, as the cookbooks show. on Hallowe’en, Armistice Day and One of the books yields this recipe Thanksgiving. from Mt. Desert Island, scene of one Whatever the day or occasion, fun of Maine’s earliest colonies—a French for the family and friends is the cue, settlement of 1612. It’s almost “gen­ and Number One on your hit parade is erous to a fault,” too. Half of the re­ the basket, tray or table of good stuff cipe will still do well by your folks. 2 c. corn meal 2 c. sweet milk to eat. “Improved with age” is the 3 c. flour 1 c. sour milk keynote of our old Maine recipes . . . 1 tsp. soda 1/3 c. molasses improved to today’s standards of time- 1 tsp. salt and temperature-controlled ovens . . . Mix together the dry ingredients and add improved in our estimation, as it the milk and molasses. Stir well and pour seems that the old favorites taste bet­ into well-greased molds, filling them about ter every time we have them. two-thirds full. Steam for three hours. My autumn choices are a pot-pourri Potato and Corn Loaf . . . the occasional ideas for the “what- From the county of Aroostook, his­ would - be -different-for-lunch-this-eve­ toric scene of the Aroostook War, 1838 ning” and “what-would-add-interest- border dispute over the northern to-supper” problems. Maine boundary, comes this recipe. Fitting it is, too, that it should be a Old Fashioned Spider Corn Cake potato recipe. No visitor to Maine can Simplicity and heartiness wTere the boast that he has really seen our State powers behind the popularity of unless he has had the opportunity to “Johnny Cake” in the early days, and, view the hundreds of acres of potato as for me, the idea is still a good one! fields, especially at blossom-time! My favorites are the easy-to-make, es­ 4 c. mashed potato 2 eggs pecially when the result matches this. 4 tbsp. butter Salt and pepper 1 tbsp. grated onion Ever have it with Saturday night 2 c. ground cooked beans? With a green salad on the corn side, it’s the best combination yet! To the mashed potatoes add the butter, lt i c. corn meal 1 tsp. salt salt and pepper and onion and beat thor­ Vz c. flour c. sugar oughly. Add the corn (either canned or 2 eggs, well beaten 1 Vz tbsp. butter fresh may be used). Last add the well- 1 tsp. soda 1 c. sweet milk beaten eggs. Place in a very generously 2 c. sour milk greased loaf tin and bake in a moderate Sift the corn meal, flour, sugar and salt oven until set and browned. together. Beat the eggs and add to the sour milk in which the soda has been dissolved. Corn-Tomato Casserole Mix thoroughly. Melt the butter in an iron The old cookbook calls this one a skillet which has been thoroughly heated. Pour in the batter. Pour the cup of sweet “pudding,” as it does anything baked milk over the batter. Bake in a moderate in casserole style. One “pudding” per oven for 50 to 60 minutes. meal is enough, I think, and that at

AUTUMN, 1948 43 balance of flour with the spices, salt and the end . . . besides the terminology is baking powder and add to the egg mixture. less confusing! Add fruit and mix well. Pour into a well- For the best in flavor, fresh garden buttered mold, until mold is two-thirds full. Cover. Place mold in a kettle filled with vegetables should be used. As the enough boiling water to half cover the mold. season for corn is short, however, the Cover kettle tightly and steam for 3 hours, canned is a good second best, es­ adding water as necessary to keep up steam. pecially the whole kernel style. With Serve with hard sauce. potato chips and cold cuts of meat, it’s an easy main dish. Hard Sauce 1 V2 c. corn 2 tbsp. chopped onion 6 tomatoes, sliced 1 c. soft bread crumbs 1 c. powdered sugar Vi c. wine Vi c. butter 4 slices bacon 1/3 c. butter Nutmeg Place one-third of the corn in the bottom Cream the butter and add the sugar slow­ of a baking dish, and on it lay two of the ly, beating all the time. Add wine drop by tomatoes, sliced, a little onion and one slice drop and beat well. Before serving sprinkle of the bacon, chopped fine. Sprinkle with top with grated nutmeg. salt and pepper and bits of butter and use one-third of the crumbs. Repeat these lay­ ers until all the ingredients are used. Dot Special Holiday Stuffing the top with butter. Sprinkle with grated cheese, if desired. Bake in a moderate oven In a state where apples are as plen­ for one hour. tiful as potatoes, they share top spot in the cooking department. Their ver­ Scalloped Corned Beef and Cabbage satility is the reason for their popu­ Corning beef was one of the simplest larity, and you’ll find them, in one methods in the old days of preserving form or another, in many favorite au­ the meat which could not be eaten be­ tumn and holiday dishes. fore it spoiled. Hence corned beef was 1 large loaf (1 V t lb.) 2 tsp. sage white bread V t c. chopped celery a frequent meat course and became 1 pt. fresh oysters 1 c. chopped apple part of the inseparable corned beef V2 c. shortening 1 small onion, and cabbage combination. Given a new 1 tbsp. salt minced twist in a casserole with tomato juice 1 tbsp. pepper 1 c. giblet stock Crumble or cut bread into small cubes. seasoning, it will be more popular than Dampen slightly by sprinkling with water. ever on your dinner table. Melt shortening (preferably butter) in large 2 c. corned beef 1 tbsp. butter skillet and lightly brown bread cubes. Sea­ 2 c. cooked cabbage 1 tbsp. flour son thoroughly with salt, pepper and sage Vi tsp. onion juice 1 c. tomato juice Add celery, apple (including peeling) and The beef and cabbage may either be onion, mixing well. Add oysters, which have chopped fine, or left in pieces about the size been cut in small pieces. Moisten well with of a walnut, according to your preference. the cup of stock or liquor in which giblets Mix these together. Melt the butter, add have been cooked ; or with a cup of water if the flour and tomato juice and stir until giblet stock is not available. This is suf­ thickened. Add onion juice and a pinch of ficient quantity to stuff one 10-pound fowl. pepper and mix with the corned beef. Pour Do not press in too tightly. into a greased baking dish and cover with cracker crumbs or crumbled potato chips. Bake covered for fifteen minutes, cover and Minted Apple Salad finish baking. Here’s one tailor-made for the salad lover, and especially festive for a holi­ Thanksgiving Fruit Pudding day table. The Thanksgiving holiday doesn’t Core and peel small sweet apples— match the old tradition without a ones that have fairly thin, transparent steamed fruit pudding for dessert. skins are the best—and simmer until And there’s no plum pudding like the transparent, but not soft, in the fol­ home-made, either! lowing syrup: Vt c. chopped suet Vt c. nut meats, % c. figs, chopped broken 2 c. water 2 drops peppermint fine 2 c. sugar oil c. dates, chopped t. Ml Ml I % tsp. green food Vi fine 2 tsp. baking powder coloring 1 c. brown sugar 1 tsp. salt Simmer above ingredients together until V t c. raisins V i c. milk syrupy before placing apples in it. When Vi c. currants V& tsp. nutmeg apples are transparent and a delicate green, V t c. finely chopped V i tsp. cinnamon carefully remove from syrup and cool. Be­ citron Vi tsp. cloves fore serving, fill centers with either shred­ Beat eggs, add sugar and cream together. ded cream cheese or cottage cheese. Top Add suet and milk. Mix one-half of the with a swirl of mayonnaise and a sprig of flour with the fruits and nuts. Sift the watercress or parsley.

44 THE PINE CONE Cranberry and Apple Pie serves are the “extra specials” . . . the Here’s a way to kill two birds with prize recipes for jams, jellies and pre­ one stone! ... a combination of tradi­ serves that are brought out to grace tional Thanksgiving cranberries and the holiday table. Of such is this one. the old standby, apple, that’s bound to S lb. ripe pears 2 lemons be a hit. 3 oranges 6 lb. sugar 1 pie shell and extra 1 c. sugar Wash, core and cut the pears fine. Wash pastry strips Vi c. water and remove seeds and ends from the oranges 1 Vi c. cranberries and lemons. Grind them, skins and all. % c. dried cooking Combine all the fruit in a preserving ket­ apples tle, add the sugar and cook until clear. Prepare a pie shell and bake in a hot Pour into sterilized glasses and seal. oven (475° F.) for five minutes to brown but to bake only partly. Cook cranberries and apples in water until tender. Add su­ gar. mix, and pour into pie shell. Cover Spiced Currants with half-inch strips of pie dough in lattice The old-time companion piece to design. Bake in hot oven (475° F.) for ten cranberry jelly at Thanksgiving is, minutes. Reduce heat to moderate oven like many old favorites, staging a (350° F.) and bake 30 minutes. popularity comeback that makes it a Sour Cream Spice Cookies strong rival of all latter-day choices. The small fry in your family will 5 lb. ripe currants 2 tbsp. cinnamon love these ... if you can keep a big 4 lb. sugar 3 tsp. allspice enough supply for them away from 2 c. vinegar 3 tsp. cloves the grown-ups! Wash and stem the currants and cook 1/3 c. butter 1 tsp. soda with the sugar and vinegar over a low flame 2 eggs, well beaten 1 tsp. cinnamon for an hour. Add the spices and continue 2 c. brown sugar Vi tsp. cloves cooking for 30 minutes. Pour into sterilized 2/3 c. thick sour Vi tsp. nutmeg glasses and seal. cream Vi tsp. salt 3 c. flour 1 tsp. vanilla Cream butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Add the beaten eggs and mix well. Add the vanilla. Dissolve the soda in the June L. Maxfield, assistant in the sour cream and add alternately with the advertising department of the Union dry ingredients. Mix well. Drop by spoon­ Mutual Life Insurance Company of fuls on a greased baking sheet and bake in Portland, begins her fourth year as a a moderate oven (350° F.) about twelve contributor to the Pine Cone. Her minutes. source is the collection of old Maine Pear Marmalade recipes which the company has com­ Autumn is “pickling time” . . . the piled in its historical file, augmented time to lay up the stock of preserves by old family recipes sent to her by to carry us through the winter months. readers. Leading the list of pickles and pre­

Langwater A ce, a registered Guernsey bull, topped the auction at $10,200 when the Beauhaven Farm herd of Skowhegan was recently sold off for a total of $57,000, a Maine record for Guernsey herd auctions. The Beauhaven herd was founded in 1926.

AUTUMN, 1948 45 (Pkoto CnecJiti: Front Cover: Chief Needabeh, full-blooded Penob­ scot Indian born at the Old Town Reservation, as he appeared at the Indian Pageant held there this Sum­ mer. Probably the most widely-known of all Amer­ ican Indians, he has been master of ceremonies at in­ numerable Sportsmen’s Shows and similar events. He has a hunting and fishing lodge at Moosehead Lake and is seen by millions of people on each Winter’s show tour. Ansco color transparency by William A. Hatch. Process plates by Waterville Sentinel Engravers. Back Cover: West Pond, from Route 160, Limerick- East Parsonsfield. Inside Back Cover: Orr’s Island. Both by William A. Hatch.

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46 THE PINE CONE Maine Recipe

By Pearl LeBaron Libby ake a sturdy pine tree, Tall, and emerald green, Blend with rocky coastline, TAnd an ocean’s sheen; Top this with some sunlight, In a turquoise sky; Add, for decoration, Seagulls flying high; Sprinkle lakes and rivers, With a generous hand, Then with friendly mountains, Dot the pleasant land; Last, put in for flavor, Kindly hearts and true— This is Maine’s own recipe, Good the whole year through! A Maine Hill in Autumn By Ruby G. Searway ’ve watched the hill across the way In all its seasonal array; IThe misty purples of the Spring Before I heard a white throat sing, Or buds burst green against the blue Each silhouette, each changing hue I know and love; but of them all The gypsy beauty of the Fall I choose as mine; for Autumn’s dress Of gay, defiant loveliness Is like a page from long ago: Bright taffetas, knights bowing low; A pageantry of color bright Before the Winter’s shroud of white Drifts from the Northland, white and still, And dims the glory of my hill.