Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five
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CIRCUMPOLAR MILITARY FACILITIES OF THE ARCTIC FIVE Ernie Regehr, O.C. Senior Fellow in Arctic Security and Defence The Simons Foundation Canada and Amy Zavitz, M.A. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – last updated: September 2019 Ernie Regehr, O.C., and Amy Zavitz, M.A. Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five Introduction This compilation of current military facilities in the circumpolar region1 continues to be offered as an aid to addressing a key question posed by the Canadian Senate more than five years ago: “Is the [Arctic] region again becoming militarized?”2 If anything, that question has become more interesting and relevant in the intervening years, with commentators divided on the meaning of the demonstrably accelerated military developments in the Arctic – some arguing that they are primarily a reflection of increasing military responsibilities in aiding civil authorities in surveillance and search and rescue, some noting that Russia’s increasing military presence is consistent with its need to respond to increased risks of things like illegal resource extraction, terrorism, and disasters along its frontier and the northern sea route, and others warning that the Arctic could indeed be headed once again for direct strategic confrontation.3 While a simple listing of military bases, facilities, and equipment, either based in or available for deployment in the Arctic Region, is not by itself an answer to the question of militarization, an understanding of the nature and pace of development of military infrastructure in the Arctic is nevertheless essential to any informed consideration of the changing security dynamics of the Arctic. What follows relies on a broad range of media, government, academic, and research centre sources, all of which are indicated in the footnotes.4 This paper is regarded as a “work in progress” and continues to be updated as new information and changes in military posture and engagement relative to the Arctic become available. Comments, corrections, further information, and suggestions for additional sources are all most welcome. Please send any such comments, corrections, and additions to: Ernie Regehr Senior Fellow in Arctic Security The Simons Foundation Canada Mobile: 519-591-4421 Home Office: 519-579-4735 Email: [email protected] 1 The current list is confined to the five Arctic Ocean states, but the intention is to expand it to include all the states of the Arctic Council. 2 Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence, “Sovereignty and Security in Canada’s Arctic: Interim Report,” The Honourable Pamela Wallin, Chair; The Honourable Romeo Dallaire, Deputy Chair, March 2011. http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/403/defe/rep/rep07mar11-e.pdf 3 These perspectives, for example, are reflected in four recent papers from the Arctic Institute linked to a June 15 discussion in Washington on circumpolar security cooperation. http://www.thearcticinstitute.org 4 Of particular initial value have been and remain the following: Huebert, Rob, “The Newly Emerging Arctic Security Environment,” March 2010, Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute. http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/The%20Newly%20Emerging%20Arctic%20Security%20Environment.pdf Huebert, Rob; Exner-Pirot, Heather; Lajeunesse, Adam; Gulledge, Jay, “Climate Change and International Security: The Arctic as a Bellwether,” Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, May 2012, http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/arctic-security-report.pdf Defence Watch, the column/blog of David Pugliese in the Ottawa Citizen. http://ottawacitizen.com/category/news/defence-watch Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence, “Sovereignty and Security in Canada’s Arctic: Interim Report,” The Honourable Pamela Wallin, Chair; The Honourable Romeo Dallaire, Deputy Chair, March 2011. http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/403/defe/rep/rep07mar11-e.pdf Siemon T. Wezeman, “Military Capabilities in the Arctic,” SIPRI Background Paper, March 2012. http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=442 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – updated: September 2019 Ernie Regehr, O.C., and Amy Zavitz, M.A. 1 QUICK LINKS: Circumpolar Military Facilities of CANADA Page 6 Circumpolar Military Facilities of the USA Page 36 Circumpolar Military Facilities of RUSSIA Page 54 Circumpolar Military Facilities of NORWAY Page 95 Circumpolar Military Facilities of DENMARK Page 105 JOINT EXERCISES Page 109 ARCTIC FORUMS Page 115 OTHER PROJECTS INVOLVING THE ARCTIC Page 119 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – updated: September 2019 Ernie Regehr, O.C., and Amy Zavitz, M.A. 2 CONTENTS CANADA 6 1. Security Assets based in the North for Operations in the North 6 1.1 Bases (including stations, naval facilities, radar sites, etc., ordered from west to east) 6 1.2 Equipment 9 1.3 Organizations and Operational Units (personnel) 12 1.4 Policy Units and Regulators 15 2. Security Assets based in the South for Operations in the North 166 2.1 Bases (including stations, naval facilities, radar sites, etc) 166 2.2 Equipment 17 2.3 Organizations and Operational Units (personnel) 32 3. Recurring Operations and Exercises 33 USA 36 1. Security Assets available for Operations in the North 36 1.1 Bases 36 1.2 Equipment 41 1.3 Organizations and Operational Units (personnel) 48 2. Recurring Operations and Exercises 50 RUSSIA 54 1. Security Assets available for Operations in the North 54 1.1 Bases (including stations, naval facilities, radar sites, etc.) 54 1.2 Equipment 622 1.3 Organizations and Operational Units (personnel) 89 2. Recurring Operations and Exercises 91 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – updated: September 2019 Ernie Regehr, O.C., and Amy Zavitz, M.A. 3 NORWAY 955 1. Security Assets available for Operations in the North 955 1.1 Bases (including stations, naval facilities, radar sites, etc) 955 1.2 Equipment 977 1.3 Organizations and Operational Units (personnel) 1022 2. Recurring Operations and Exercises 1033 DENMARK 1055 1. Security Assets available for Operations in the North 1055 1.1 Bases (including stations, naval facilities, radar sites, etc.) 1055 1.2 Equipment 1055 1.3 Organizations and Operational Units (personnel) 1077 2. Recurring Operations and Exercises 1088 JOINT EXERCISES 10909 AMALGAM DART 10909 ARCTIC ANVIL 10909 ARCTIC CHINOOK 10909 Arctic Council SAR Table Top Exercise 10909 BARENTS RESCUE 1100 CTBTO – The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization 1100 COLD RESPONSE 1100 FRUKUS 1111 Forward Joint Navy Exercise: U.S., Russia, and Norway 1111 Forward Rosneft Arctic Projects 1111 Greenland SAR Exercise 1111 Iceland Airborne Surveillance 1111 Joint Tabletop Review for Crystal Serenity’s Arctic voyage 1122 NANOOK 1122 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – updated: September 2019 Ernie Regehr, O.C., and Amy Zavitz, M.A. 4 NORTHERN EAGLE NAVAL EXERCISES 1122 NORTHERN SCREEN 1133 POMOR 1133 TRIDENT JUNCTURE 1133 US Air National Guard exercise in Finland 1144 VIGILANT EAGLE 1144 VIGILANT SHIELD 1144 CLEAN UP OF ANDREYEVA BAY 1144 ARCTIC FORUMS 1155 The Arctic Circle 1155 Arctic Coast Guard Forum 1155 Arctic Economic Council 1166 Arctic Five 1166 Arctic Frontiers 1177 International Cooperative Engagement Program for Polar Research (ICE-PPR 1177 Northern Forum 1188 OTHER PROJECTS INVOLVING THE ARCTIC 11919 Arctic Fibre 11919 Britain and the Arctic 11919 China and the Arctic 11919 European Union 1211 IMO: Adopts Polar Code Safety Requirements 1211 IMO Arctic Training 1211 Interactive Arctic Risk Map 1222 Japan and the Arctic: 1222 Japan: Independent underwater vehicle Urashima developed by JAMSTEC 1222 Robot Army to Study the Arctic 1222 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – updated: September 2019 Ernie Regehr, O.C., and Amy Zavitz, M.A. 5 CANADA 1. Security Assets based in the North for Operations in the North 1.1 Bases (including stations, naval facilities, radar sites, etc., ordered from west to east) Whitehorse, Yukon Joint Task Force North detachment5 Yellowknife, Northwest Territories Joint Taskforce North (JTFN)6 440 Transport Squadron; The Yellowknife Company; 1st Canadian Ranger Patrol Group; and Area Support Unit (North) 366 DND personnel: 52 rangers, 314 military members from Join Task Force North7 “Canada’s Department of National Defence [DND] is planning on spending over $50 million to build a 7,600 square metre facility in Yellowknife, Northwest