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Moving Labor Heroes Center Stage: (Labor) Heroism and the Reconfiguration of Social Relations in the Yan’An Period
Journal of Chinese History (2021), 5,83–106 doi:10.1017/jch.2020.4 . RESEARCH ARTICLE Moving Labor Heroes Center Stage: (Labor) Heroism and the Reconfiguration of Social Relations in the Yan’an Period https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Nicola Spakowski* Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Received 12 August 2019; revised 17 January 2020; accepted 17 January 2020) Abstract Labor heroes are an important phenomenon in the history of socialist China, but they have received only little attention in Western scholarship. This article investigates the labor heroes of the Yan’an period as the pivot in the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) attempt at reconceptualizing society, establishing new social relations and creating a socialist subjec- tivity. It reveals the new symbolic order constructed in the official media, primarily Jiefang Ribao (Liberation Daily), and highlights the relation between labor heroes (as representa- tives of the “masses”), intellectuals, and Mao Zedong in the construction of new hierarchies. , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at In particular, it shows how the CCP chose work as the fundament of socialist society and the core of a new concept of “collective heroism”; how the stage of the first labor hero assembly was used to orchestrate Mao Zedong as a charismatic leader; and how labor heroes and writers, through direct encounter, redefined their respective place in society. Keywords: labor heroes; China; Yan’an; Mao Zedong; Mao cult 26 Sep 2021 at 21:50:55 , on In his book-length report on Yan’an, published in 1945, foreign correspondent Gunther Stein1 opened the chapter on the peasantry with the remarkable sentence: “No person except Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek himself has such fame in the Chungking areas as 170.106.35.76 Wu Men-yu [= Wu Manyou], a plain peasant, has in the Yenan regions.”2 Stein referred to the various social groups in Yan’an who spoke highly of Wu, including Mao Zedong, . -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
The Darkest Red Corner Matthew James Brazil
The Darkest Red Corner Chinese Communist Intelligence and Its Place in the Party, 1926-1945 Matthew James Brazil A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy Department of Government and International Relations Business School University of Sydney 17 December 2012 Statement of Originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted previously, either in its entirety or substantially, for a higher degree or qualifications at any other university or institute of higher learning. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Matthew James Brazil i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Before and during this project I met a number of people who, directly or otherwise, encouraged my belief that Chinese Communist intelligence was not too difficult a subject for academic study. Michael Dutton and Scot Tanner provided invaluable direction at the very beginning. James Mulvenon requires special thanks for regular encouragement over the years and generosity with his time, guidance, and library. Richard Corsa, Monte Bullard, Tom Andrukonis, Robert W. Rice, Bill Weinstein, Roderick MacFarquhar, the late Frank Holober, Dave Small, Moray Taylor Smith, David Shambaugh, Steven Wadley, Roger Faligot, Jean Hung and the staff at the Universities Service Centre in Hong Kong, and the kind personnel at the KMT Archives in Taipei are the others who can be named. Three former US diplomats cannot, though their generosity helped my understanding of links between modern PRC intelligence operations and those before 1949. -
Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA
Title 1940年代中国史年表 Author(s) 田中, 仁 Citation Issue Date 1995-03-31 Text Version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/75544 DOI rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University CHINA Before 1940 Oct.1938 21 Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou. (15) 27 Japanese troops occupied Wuhan. (15) 28 The 2nd meeting of the 1st People"s Political Council was held in Chongqing. (15) Nov.1938 3 (Japan) Prime Minister Konoye Fumimaro announced the establishment of an East Asian New Order. (6) 6 The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) adjourned the 6th Plenum of the 6th Congress. (21) 7 (Japan) North China Development Co. Ltd. and Central China Promotion Co. Ltd. were established. (16) 12 The Changsha Conflagration (90% of the entire city was burned down) . (15) 17 The National Government announced that the number of areas engaged in war by October was 796 counties in 9 provinces; and of those counties, 59 were unable to exercise the administrative power. (8) 25 The National Government Military Commanding Department held a military conference in Nanyue. [19] 30 (Japan) The Imperial Conference adopted the "Policy to Coordinate the New Relations between Japan and China ... [16) Dec.1938 6 (Japan) The Ministry of Army decided to discontinue the invasion operation, and to alter the policy into the one of the protrac- tion of the war. (6] 15 A $25-million loan agreement was reached between China and the Unaited States (US) (the Palm Oil Loan) . (20] 16 Japan founded the Koa-in (the Asian Development Authority) in order to coordinate the policy toward China. -
A02-纳米材料与新能源 A02-Nanomaterials and New Energy
A02-纳米材料与新能源 A02-Nanomaterials and New Energy 分会主席:麦立强、张加涛、彭海琳、张桥 A02-01 A Cut-and-paste Approach to 3D Graphene Oxide-based Architectures Jiaxing Huang Northwestern University Properly cut sheets can be converted into complex three-dimensional (3D) structures by three basic operations including folding, bending and pasting to render new functions. Folding and bending have been extensively employed in crumpling, origami and pop-up fabrications for 3D structures. Pasting joins different parts of a material together, and can create new geometries that are fundamentally unattainable by folding and bending. However, it has been much less explored, likely due to limited choice of weldable thin film materials and residue-free glues. Here we show that graphene oxide (GO) paper is one such suitable material. Stacked GO sheets can be readily loosened up and even re-dispersed in water, which upon drying, re-stack to form solid structures. Therefore, water can be utilized to heal local damages, glue separated pieces, and release internal stress in bent GO papers to fix their shapes. Complex and dynamic 3D GO architectures can thus be fabricated by a cut-and-paste approach, which is also applicable to GO based hybrid with carbon nanotubes or clay sheets. A02-02 LDH Married to Carbon Materials to Create Novel Hybrids for Supercapacitors Jieshan Qiu 1. School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials & Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China 2. College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China * Email: [email protected]; [email protected] For the high performance energy storage and conversion systems, such as pseudocapacitors, metal-air batteries, and electrocatalytic splitting water devices, one key issue is to tune the surface electrochemical reactions in the systems where multi-ions and multi-electrons transfer are usually involved. -
China Data Supplement January 2007
China Data Supplement January 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 55 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 57 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 62 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 69 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 73 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 January 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com. -
Unique Pairing
4 | Tuesday, October 20, 2020 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY CHINA Virtual fun Briefly ‘Unique pairing’ BEIJING Two Korean War vets hailed as role models Two veterans, Sun Jingkun and benefits the SAR Xu Zhenming, were recently hon- ored with the title of “Role Model Be emboldened by partnership with of Our Time” for their contribu- tions during the War to Resist US Shenzhen: Malaysian business leader Aggression and Aid Korea (1950- 53). The Party Central Commit- By ELEANOR HUANG forefront and Shenz- tee’s Publicity Department in Hong Kong hen’s incredible announced the awards to coincide [email protected] capacity for science with the 70th anniversary of the innovation, Nair Chinese People’s Volunteers army The integration of Hong Kong and said it’s highly likely entering the Democratic People’s Shenzhen’s “unique pairing” promis- they could invent a Republic of Korea to help in the es great opportunities in public medical product like war against aggression by the health, high-end manufacturing, sci- a vaccine that would Chandran United States. Sun, 96, joined the ence research and innovation, Hong be recognized as Nair military in 1948 and was demobil- Kong-based Malaysian business world-class, adding ized in 1955, returning home to leader Chandran Nair said. that the area can become a public Dandong, Liaoning province, Nair’s remarks came after Presi- healthcare center for the world. with eight military medals and dent Xi Jinping’s speech last Wednes- Furthermore, as Hong Kong has a more than 20 scars. Xu, 95, joined day marking the 40th anniversary of well-established intellectual proper- the Eighth Route Army in 1942 Shenzhen as the country’s first spe- ty protection system, the city also has and fought in the War of Resist- cial economic zone, which encourag- great potential to develop into a ance Against Japanese Aggression es Shenzhen to forge closer ties and high-end manufacturing hub if it Children play games using virtual reality technology at an exhibition during the World Conference (1931-45). -
The Transition of the Kuomintang Government's Policies Towards
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.20 No.2, Aug. 2015) 153 a 1946: The Transition of the Kuomintang Government’s Policies towards Korean Immigrants in Northeast China* Zhang Muyun** Introduction Currently, the research on the Kuomintang Government’s policies to- wards Korean immigrants has gradually increased. Scholars have attached great importance to the use of archival resources in Shanghai, Tianjin, Peking, Wuhan and Liaoning. Yang Xiaowen1 (2008) made use of the original records to discuss post-war China’s policies towards the repatria- tion of Korean immigrants in the Wuhan area. Ma Jun, Shan Guanchu2 (2006) adequately utilized Zhongguo diyu hanren tuanti guanxi shiliao * An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 3rd Annual Korea University Korean History Graduate Student Conference, 2015, Korea University. I thank my discussant and conference participants for valuable discussions. I also appreciate the IJKH reviewers for very helpful comments. ** MA student, Major in history of modern China, School of Marxism, Tsinghua University. 1 Yang Xiaowen. “Zhanhou zhongguo guannei hanren de jizhong qianfan zhengce ji qi shijian yanjiu: yi wuhan wei gean fenxi” (the post-war Chinese’s policies to- wards repatriation of Korean immigrants in Wuhan area) (Master diss., Fudan University, 2008). 2 Ma Jun, Shan Guanchu. “Zhanhou guomin zhengfu qianfan hanren zhengce de yanbian ji zai shanghai diqu de shijian” (the development of the Kuomintang gov- ernment’s policies towards repatriation of Korean immigrants in Shanghai area), Shilin, 2006(2). 154 1946: The Transition of the Kuomintang Government’s Policies ~ huibian3(the Comprehensive Collection of Archival Papers on Korean immigrants’ organizations in China) to investigate the development of the Kuomintang government’s policies towards the repatriation of Korean immigrants in the Shanghai area. -
1St Army Group
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09272-3 — Mao Zedong Volume 1: 1893–1949 Index More Information INDEX 1st Army Group (see also 1st Front campaign, 260–9; third Army): debate on wisdom of anti-‘encirclement and suppression’ attacking Nanchang, 240–3; campaign, 269–78; troop numbers establishing a Soviet regime in Jianxi, and troop reorganization, 244, 240; formed, 240; from guerrilla to 253, 261, 271, 371–3, 416–17; mobile warfare, 240, 245; march westward expedition to Gansu towards western Fujian, 297; troop Province, 406–7; Zhou Enlai as numbers and troop reorganization, political commissar, 308–9, 315; 240, 244, 297; victory at Longyan, Zhu–Mao joint leadership, 244, 300; victory at Wenjiashi, 243–4; 245, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, Zhangzhou Campaign, 298–305; 261, 264, 265–6, 267, 268, Zhu–Mao joint leadership, 240, 241, 271–6, 310 242, 244 1st Route Army. See 1st Army 1st Army of North China, 879 Group 1st Field Army, 951, 953–4 2nd Field Army, 948, 950, 951–2 1st Front Army: abolition and 2nd Front Army, 416–17 reinstatement of general 3rd Army Group, 243–4 headquarters, 285, 308; consolidating 3rd Army of the North China Military the revolutionary base area, 330–5; Area, 900 debate on wisdom of attacking 3rd Field Army, 948, 950, 951–2 Nanchang, 249–52; eastward 3rd Red Army, 248 expedition to Shanxi Province, 4th Field Army, 951, 952 398–404; establishing a Soviet 4th Front Army: splits from Red Army, government in Jianxi, 248, 249; failed 376, 381–2; troop numbers and troop attacks on Changsha, 247; first anti- reorganization, -
Issue 3 2014
ISSUE 3 · 2014 《中国人大》对外版 NPC National People’s Congress of China SIXTY YEARS ON THE MARCH On August 31 at its bi- monthly session, the Stand- ing Committee of the National People’s Congress took a decision that September 30 every year is designated Mar- tyrs’ Day, a national day to commemorate martyrs. The decision says Mar- tyrs’ Day will be marked with events across the country. The move is aimed at “pub- licizing martyrs’ achievements and spirits, and cultivating patriotism, collectivism, and socialist moralities so as to consolidate the Chinese na- Chinese President Xi Jinping and other Chi- tion’s cohesiveness,” the top nese leaders pay respects to the Monument to the People’s Heroes in Tian’anmen Square, legislature said in the decision. Beijing, September 30. Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Zhang Dejiang, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan and Zhang Gaoli offered flower baskets at the monument on the first Martyrs’ Day on September 30. Huang Jingwen Gao Kangyu (C), an 89-year-old veteran, tells the story of Guayun mountain battle to the lo- cal students on September 29. Song Wei People rally to honor and remember the de- ceased national heroes at the Monument to the People’s Heroes in Tian’anmen Square, Beijing, September 30, on the occasion of the first Martyrs’ Day. Liu Jiansheng On September 29, students from Zhuhelu Elementary School in Handan, Hebei Prov- PLA soldiers present flow- ince come to a local cemetery to pay tribute ers to the martyrs buried in to revolutionary martyrs. The picture shows the Niutuozhai cemetery in a group of students are visiting the memo- Taiyuan, Shanxi Province on rial hall of General Zuo Quan. -
Shandong Province and Chinese Communist Military and Financial Strength
A Springboard to Victory: Shandong Province and Chinese Communist Military and Financial Strength 1937-1945 by Sherman Xiaogang Lai A thesis submitted to the Department of History in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September, 2008 Copyright © Sherman Xiaogang Lai, 2008 ABSTRACT A Springboard to Victory: Shandong Province and Chinese Communist Military and Financial Strength, 1937-1945 Sherman Xiaogang Lai Thesis Supervisor: Professor Emily M Hill During the Sino-Japanese war of 1937 to 1945, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Shandong Province in North China achieved an unnoticed but historically significant success in financial affairs. From that time onward, the CCP in Shandong not only controlled economic affairs within its territory, but also obtained access to territories under enemy occupation through manipulation of currency exchange rates and by controlling the trade in staple grains, cotton, salt and peanut oil. As a result, trade with occupied China and with the Japanese invaders became the principal source of revenue of the CCP in Shandong as early as the second half of 1943. By the time of Japan’s defeat in August 1945, about 80% of the CCP’s revenue in Shandong came from trade beyond the areas under its control. Moreover, the CCP in Shandong deliberately carried out a policy of controlled inflation to increase its financial power. The key to this achievement was the CCP’s success in establishing exclusive zones for its banknotes in August 1943. The exclusive use of CCP currency developed in the course of many years of armed conflict among Japanese, CCP and Nationalist (GMD) forces in the province. -
Testimony Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on Trade, Technology, and Military-Civil Fusion
June 7, 2019 Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on Trade, Technology, and Military-Civil Fusion Chinese Military Innovation in Artificial Intelligence Elsa B. Kania Adjunct Senior Fellow, Technology and National Security Program, Center for a New American Security Research Fellow, Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Georgetown University Xi Jinping has called upon the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to become a world-class military (世界一流军队) by mid-century.1 Chinese military modernization has been directed towards learning from and targeting the U.S. military, which is seen as a powerful adversary (强敌). Since the 1990s, the PLA has concentrated on developing asymmetric capabilities aimed at exploiting potential American vulnerabilities and undermining current American advantages. The PLA aspires not only to equal but also to surpass the U.S. military by seizing the initiative in the course of the ongoing Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) that is being catalyzed by today’s advances in emerging technologies.2 Chinese military strategists anticipate a transformation in the form and character of conflict, which is seen as evolving from today’s “informatized” (信息化) warfare to future “intelligentized” (智能化) warfare.3 The PLA may even offset U.S. military power if successful in advancing innovation and leapfrogging ahead in the course of this transformation. The advent of AI on the future battlefield might disrupt the balance of power in ways that risk jeopardizing strategic stability and undermining deterrence in the U.S.-China relationship. At the same time, the PLA continues to confront critical challenges to operationalizing artificial intelligence (AI) across a range of applications, from issues of talent to the management of data and adaptation as an organization.