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Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years Editor: S. Radhakrishnan Associate Editors: R.R. Diwakar K. Swaminathan Published by: GANDHI PEACE FOUNDATION 221-223, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, NEW DELHI- 110002 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years The Present volume is a reprint of its original edition published in 1968 on the occasion of the celebrations of the birth centenary of Mahatma Gandhi. It was prepared under the guidance of the National Committee for the the Gandhi Centenary consisting of such eminent persons as Dr. Zakir Husain, Mr. V. V. Giri, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, Jaiprakash Narayan, Acharya, J.B. Kripalani and Mr. R.R. Diwakar. The coverage of Gandhi's life, work, and thought in this book, which is now out of print, is so comprehensive that it has been in demand for quite sometime. It was therefore decided by the Gandhi Peace Foundation to bring out second reprint of this book containing essays of eternal values which would be found helpful not only in proper appreciation of the continued relevance of Gandhi's ideas but also in dispelling doubts being currently raised by some quarters about its relevance. GANDHI PEACE FOUNDATION 20 July, 2009 www.mkgandhi.org Page 2 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years PUBLISHERS' PREFACE Nearly thirty years ago Dr S. Radhakrishnan edited a volume of essays and reflections on the life and work of Mahatma Gandhi for presentation to him on his seventieth birthday. This present volume, also edited by him, follows the general pattern of the earlier one and brings together a new collection of essays and reflections on Gandhi, written in honour of his birth centenary by some of the eminent men and women of our time. Two of the essays—by B.N. Rau and Herbert Read—are being published posthumously. Our thanks are due primarily to the rich array of contributors, without whose prompt cooperation this volume could not have been brought out at such short notice. To Dr S. Radhakrishnan, who despite his preoccupations willingly took upon himself the strenuous task of organizing and editing the volume, we are very much indebted. We must also thank Dr R.R. Diwakar and Professor K. Swaminathan who ably assisted Dr Radhakrishnan in the editing; and to Shri T.K. Mahadevan we offer special thanks for reading the manuscript and giving helpful Suggestions. The volume has been published with the help of a subvention from the National Committee for the Gandhi Centenary and is being released for sale throughout India on the first day of the Gandhi Centenary Year—2 October 1968. New Delhi 1, India GANDHI PEACE FOUNDATION www.mkgandhi.org Page 3 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years CONTENTS 1. Introduction S. RADHAKRISHNAN 2. Mahatma Gandhi's Legacy of Non-Violence HORACE ALEXANDER 3. A ConversationMULK RAJ ANAND 4. Gandhi in Britain VERA BRITTAIN 5. An Outstanding Personality LORD CASEY 6. Gandhi the Saint SYBIL THORNDIKE CASSON 7. More Than a Statesman GEORGE CATUN 8. Gandhi Today M.C. CHAGLA 9. Reminiscences SUNITI KUMAR CHATTERJL 10. Gandhiji and Indian Socialists KAMALADEVICHATTOPADHYAY 11. Gandhi the Man MARGARET COLE 12. Gandhiji and the Destiny of Man MORARJL DESAL 13. A Healthy Basis for a Healthy Social Order U.N. DHEBAR 14. Truth and Non-Violence : New Dimensions R.R. DIWAKAR 15. Where is Gandhiji? LOUIS FISCHER 16. Legacies of Gandhi INDIRA GANDHI 17. Enlightened Path-Finder V.V. GIRI 18. Man of Peace VALERIAN CARDINAL GRACIAS 19. A Possible Aid to Satyagrahis RICHARD B. GREGG 20. Mahatma Gandhi and Human Liberty HAILE SELASSIE I 21. A Paradoxical Friendship W. K. HANCOCK 22. Non-Violence in Politics W. HEISENBERG 23. A Writing for Mahatma Gandhi DOROTHY CROWFOOT HODGKIN 24. Moral Awareness ZAKIR HUSAIN 25. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi andMartin Luther King, Jr HOMER A. JACK 26. Spokesman for the Good in Man BARBARA WARD JACKSON 27. Mahatma Gandhi and Social Change JAGJIVAN RAM 28. The Seeds of the Future F. CYRIL JAMES 29. Gandhi on His 100th Birthday KARL JASPERS 30. My Conversion to Non-Violent Non-Cooperation E. STANLEY JONES 31. Gandhi's Revolutionary Significance HUMAYUN KABIR www.mkgandhi.org Page 4 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years 32. Recollections KHAN ABDUL GHAFFAR KHAN 33. A Great Man KURT GEORG KFESINGER 34. Gandhiji's Spiritual Ideas J.B. KRIPALANI 35. Leader and Teacher of Women SUCHETA KRIPALANI 36. Spiritualizing Politics H.N. KUNZRU 37. Gandhi and Scientific Truth KATHLEEN LONSDALE 38. Gandhi and the Modern Dilemma ETHEL MANNIN 39. Gandhi : Image and Symbol of India ZENTA MAURINA 40. The Greater Tragedy MIRA BEHN 41. Mahatma Gandhi — A Real Friend THE EARL MOUNTBATTEN OF BURMA 42. Gandhi and 'Abhaya' HIREN MUKERJEE 43. Gandhi as a Radical Liberal GUNNAR MYRDAL 44. This I Saw SUSHILA NAYAR 45. Gandhi for Our Time L.B. PEARSON 46. Gandhi in the Year 2000 FATHER DOMINIQUE PIRE 47. India after Bapu PYARELAL 48. Violence in the Heart C. RAJAGOPALACHARI 49. The Core of Gandhi G. RAMACHANDRAN 50. Mahatma Gandhi : The Abiding Elements in His Life and Work SWAMI RANGANATHANANDA 51. Gandhi and Human Rights B. SHIVA RAO 52. Mahatma Gandhi's Influence B.N. RAU 53. The Self and the Community HERBERT READ 54. Some Recollections RUKMINI DEVI 55. Gandhi and Posterity K. SANTHANAM 56. Greatness of Heart MIKHAIL SHOLOKHOV 57. Great Soul EARL SORENSEN 58. Gandhiji : What Made Him What He Was SRI RAM 59. Non-Violence and World Peace U THANT 60. A Tribute ARNOLD JOSEPH TOYNBEE 61. The Way of Bapu SOPHIA WADIA 62. Indo-British Friendship HAROLD WILSON 63. THE CONTRIBUTORS www.mkgandhi.org Page 5 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years S. RADHAKRISHNAN INTRODUCTION The centenary of the birth of Gandhiji falls on the 2nd of October, 1969, more than 20 years after his death by assassination on the 30th of January, 1948. The occasion provides an opportunity to consider the impact of his life and thought on India and the world. This volume brings together the reflections on the subject by some of his close associates and by eminent thinkers of our time to whom we owe a special debt of gratitude. Gandhi was a revolutionary thinker. He worked for a major change in human nature. His is the voice of the age to come, and not that which is fading and should fade away. We must give a new purpose and direction to the future and not acquiesce in things as they are. Revolutions are based on intensity of purpose and not inertia or indifference. We are at the crossroads of history. Man's greatest enemy is not disease or famine or demographic explosion, but nuclear weapons which in war may completely destroy civilization and in peace inflict grievous and lasting damage on the human race. Gandhi sought to prepare us for life in a disarmed world. We must pull out of the world of strife and hatred and get ready to work on the basis of cooperation and harmony. Satyagraha is his substitute for war and is based on an absolute adherence to truth, practice of love and self-suffering by the resister in casesof conflict. The will to revolution is strongest when conditions are at their worst. Intelligent, informed people and men of goodwill are acutely aware of the greatest threat to human survival posed by a nuclear war. Though no sane person would vote for such a war, we are doing everything in our power to bring it about! Such is the paradox of human nature that while we do not consciously want a thing, yet unconsciously and irrationally we happen to work for it. The arms race with devastating weapons is growing apace and not www.mkgandhi.org Page 6 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years slowing down. So long as we do not have complete nuclear disarmament, the temptation for the use of nuclear weapons is very real. We are not able to develop a firm attitude of purposeful hostility to the danger of universal destruction. We are courting it by our attitudes and actions. We seem to be moving towards a world catastrophe with our eyes wide open and our ears deaf to the voice of truth. punyasya phalam icchanti punyam necchanti mānavāh na pāpaphalam icchanti pāpam kurvanti yatnatah II There is a fatal imbalance between what man is and what he wishes to be. This discord is responsible for our unrest. We talk like wise men but act like lunatics. We cannot prepare for war and at the same time for a world community. Cavour exclaimed, "If we did for ourselves what we do for our country— what rascals we should be!" We are tormented by inner uneasiness and pangs of conscience. The warring sides of our nature require to be reconciled if we are to defeat fratricidal tendencies in us. We must break our self-will, the pride of egoism which is widespread in all sides of our life. In man there is always an urge to self-transcendence, but until it becomes absolute un- selfishness, narrow loyalties and destructive rivalries will prevail. The unrest in the world is a reflection of our inner disharmony. A people are saved not by their military leaders or industrialmagnates, or by their priests and politicians but by their saints of implacable integrity. Religion is the discipline by which we are helped to overcome the discord in our nature and integrate our personality. Gandhi was essentially a religious person. By the practice of spiritual exercises, by fasts and prayers, he aimed at the production of a new type of human being, fearless, greedless and hateless. Man is still evolving. If we reflect on the history of religious development, we will be surprised at the amount of intellectual ingenuity, passion and zeal spent on the task of defining the Supreme to which silence or poetry would seem to be the most www.mkgandhi.org Page 7 Mahatma Gandhi 100 Years appropriate response.
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