DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effect of Urbanization on Butterfly Assemblages in Melbourne, Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effect of Urbanization on Butterfly Assemblages in Melbourne, Australia The effect of urbanization on butterfly assemblages in Melbourne, Australia By Jessica S. Kurylo orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-7198 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne December 2017 1 Cover Photo*: 1 – Orange Palm Dart (Cephrenes augiades) 1 2 4 6 2 – Australian Painted Lady (Vanessa kershawi) 3 – Common Brown (Heteronympha merope) 4 – Common Grass Blue (Zizina otis labradus) 7 5 – Cabbage White (Pieris rapae) 5 6 – Yellow Admiral (Vanessa itea) 3 7 – Green Grass Dart (Ocybadistes walker) 8 8 – Imperial Hairstreak (Jalmenus evagoras) *All photos by J. Kurylo 2 Abstract Urbanization is the fastest expanding land-use conversion in the world. Alteration or loss of habitats in urban areas often results in overall biodiversity decline. Insects are integral components of ecosystems, providing important services such as decomposition and pollination. Despite this, we know little about the ecology of insects within urban settings. Butterflies are well suited for study in urban areas because they are conspicuous components of any landscape and play an important role within the ecosystem. To date, there has been a lack of understanding of the interplay between the ability of urban areas to provide necessary butterfly habitat resources (e.g., adult and larval food plants) and how the presence of those resources affects the butterfly community. Urban ecology studies are often entrenched in patch-matrix theory, but the use of a gradient paradigm allows for a more mechanistic understanding of the response of species and higher taxa to increasing urbanization. Therefore, this thesis uses a continuous gradient of imperviousness (percent cover of impervious surfaces) to assess how the urban landscape may support the local butterfly community through the availability of their required resources. This PhD first aimed to quantify the spatial variation in butterfly community structure across a gradient of imperviousness using two measures of habitat quality for adult butterflies and larval stages: native and non-native floral abundance and the availability of remnant vegetation. Approximately 21% of the region’s butterfly species were detected within the study area. Butterfly species richness and abundance and floral abundance declined with increasing imperviousness. The effects of total and native floral abundance measures on butterfly richness and abundance were small, but positive. The availability of remnant vegetation had a small, but positive influence on butterfly species richness. The second aim was to assess the response of larval host plants (LHPs) over the same imperviousness gradient. Laval host plant richness and cover decreased with increasing imperviousness, but LHP richness in particular had a significant, positive influence on butterfly richness and abundance. Larval host plant cover explained 57% of the variation i within part of the butterfly community. Common butterflies within the matrix had a significant relationship with some of their specific LHPs. The third aim was to determine if the local butterfly community derived any benefit from wildlife gardening (resource supplementation or management decisions to benefit wildlife) within urban areas. Comparisons of the butterfly communities across gardens managed for wildlife versus those that are not, revealed that garden type did not influence butterfly responses, but instead led to increased native floral resources in wildlife gardens. This study suggests the landscape context of wildlife gardens may play a role in their effectiveness. This work demonstrates that the landscape-scale alterations imposed by urbanization have a negative impact upon butterfly communities, and the adult and larval food resources they require. Increases in these resources had some positive effects, but these were mostly small and in some cases only benefitted common butterflies. Management programs aiming to increase habitat for butterflies in urban areas need to consider species-specific requirements and urban context in order to support urban butterfly communities. ii Declaration This is to certify that: 1) This thesis is my original work. 2) Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used. 3) This thesis is less than 80,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, figures, bibliographies, and appendices. __________________________________ Jessica S. Kurylo December 2017 iii Preface This PhD thesis consists of five chapters, one of which has been submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal*. Jessica S. Kurylo designed the experiments, collected the data in the field, analysed the data, and wrote the thesis and manuscripts. Co-authors supervised or assisted with various stages of this PhD project and contributed in revising the following manuscript: Chapter 2 Kurylo, J.S., C.G. Threlfall, K.M. Parris, A. Ossola, N.S.G. Williams, and K.L. Evans. 20XX. Colourful wings in grey landscapes: Butterfly community structure along a gradient of imperviousness. Submitted to Landscape Ecology late Sept 2017. Results from this PhD have been presented at the following conferences: Kurylo, J.S., C. Threlfall, K. Evans, N.S. Williams. 2015. Do Floral Traits Explain Butterfly Use of Gardens in Urban Landscapes? Oral presentation at the Ecological Society of America Conference in Adelaide, SA. Kurylo, J.S., C. Threlfall, K. Evans, N.S. Williams. 2015. Colourful wings in a grey landscape: Butterfly species richness and abundance along an urban imperviousness gradient. Poster session at the Ecological Society of America Conference in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Kurylo, J.S., C. Threlfall, K. Evans, N.S. Williams. 2015. Effect of Wildlife Gardens on Butterflies at Landscape and Garden Scales. Oral presentation at the International Association of Landscape Ecologists Conference in Portland, Oregon, USA. Additional conferences where data were presented, but not directly included in the PhD: Kurylo, J.S., C. Threlfall, K. Evans, N.S. Williams, K. Parris. 2017. Counting flowers in the ‘burbs: how floral richness and abundance changes along an imperviousness gradient. Oral presentation at the Victorian Biodiversity Conference, Melbourne, VIC. iv Kurylo, J.S., C. Threlfall, K. Evans, N.S. Williams, K. Parris. 2016. Counting flowers in the ‘burbs: how floral richness and abundance changes along an imperviousness gradient. Poster session at the Ecological Society of America Conference in Fremantle, WA. *Chapter 2 was submitted to an American journal; for consistency, the thesis has been written in American English. v Acknowledgements This PhD project was funded through several sources: Melbourne School of Land and Environment Student Awards 2014-2016; Frank Keenan Trust Fund Scholarships 2014 and 2015; and Dr. Nick Williams generously provided some funding in support of Chapter 3. I won a John Hodgson Scholarship in partial support of a lab visit with Dr. Karl Evans at the University of Sheffield, and an ESA Student Travel Grant in 2015; all conference travel was self-funded. I am grateful to have been supported during my candidature through the Melbourne International Research Scholarship (MIRS), Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship (MIFRS), and a studentship from the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. I am grateful to my supervisors Drs. Kirsten Parris, Karl Evans, Nick Williams, and particularly Caragh Threlfall for whom I don’t have enough words to express the extent of my gratitude for her kindness, tutelage, and generosity of time over the last 4 years. Thanks to my panel, Drs. Chris Walsh and Tim New for your guidance and advice. Thanks also to Parks Victoria and to the many golf courses whom allowed me access. Many thanks to the Boroondara City Council, particularly Andrea Lomdahl, coordinator of the Backyard Biodiversity Program, for coordinating access to wildlife gardens participating in their program and to all the home owners whom allowed me access to their gardens. A great multitude of thanks to the Burnley Campus horticultural staff for tireless help with plant ID (John Rayner, Leanne Hanrahan, Dr. Susan Murphy, Jill Kellow, John Delpratt, Jenny Bear, Glenys Rose, and, in particular, Sascha Andrusiak for hours spent sitting through countless pictures of flowers). Helen Vickers, Linda Parker, and Jessica Baumann for sharing their respective plant knowledges. I thank Dr. Samantha Imberger for allowing me to use her lab and the administrative staff (Ross Payne, Vickie Mimis, and all the receptionists) for all the odds and ends they help us with. Thank-you to my amazing field assistants, John Delpratt and Linda Worland, for a job well done and field time well spent. To my friends and fellow students here in Melbourne, thank-you! Thank-you for conversations, smiles, support, meals, and knowledge shared. Most especially thank-you Sascha, Anne, Carola, Helen, Kate, and Zheng. To the academic staff members (Drs. Claire vi Farrell, Chris Szota, and Steve Livesley, in particular) whose ears I’ve bent on frustrating subjects, thank-you for your time and advice. I thank Hayley Lambert and Dr. Craig Nitschke for doing your jobs and helping me navigate a difficult situation. Thank-you to Dr. Dieter Houchuli and his Sydney University lab group for extending your warm hospitality to include me. To my former partner, thank-you. I would not have made it this far without the many conversations, knowledge, encouragement, ideas, adventures,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
    Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities.
    [Show full text]
  • BCSA Aug 05 21
    BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SA Inc. NEWSLETTER No. 21: August, 2005. SURVEY OF THE DALHOUSIE SPRINGS AREA Inside this issue: • BCSA Chairman Roger Grund made a trip to the Dalhousie Survey of the Dalhousie Springs area Springs area in the Far North Region of South Australia during (Roger Grund) the period 21-28 September 2004, to survey for butterflies in an • Excursions area that has not received historical attention from lepidopterists. • Field and other Notes (Andy Young) The weather was good with temperatures in the 30's to high 20's • Butterfly Campaign degrees centigrade. It was intended to be a much longer and update broader survey but was curtailed by a medical emergency. The • Grant success • email area had received some good early-winter rains and so it was • thought there would be a good chance of a floral blooming and New Members • Diary dates along with it a good flight of butterflies, even though the rainfall (Continued on page 2) Fig 1 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 and 7 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 2 Fig 10 BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SA Inc. for membership enquiries and annual membership payments ($10): Treasurer, 13/4 Randolph Avenue, PARKSIDE. 5063 BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SA Inc. NEWSLETTER August, 2005 Issue 21 Page 2 was poor during July and August. In fact, it was found the area was already in the mid stages of drying out by the time the survey was undertaken and the local butterfly fauna was very active and often very ragged. The country is mainly gibber plain (Fig. 1) and breakaway but some nice vegetated red dune habitat is present just to the south of Hamilton and again to the northeast of Mt Dare near the Finke River.
    [Show full text]
  • BCSA May 05 20
    BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SA Inc. NEWSLETTER No. 20: May, 2005. The value of Stinging Nettles! Inside this issue: • The value of Stinging nettles! The larvae of one of our most attractive butterflies The Australian • Profile: Lee Heard Admiral Vanessa itea has a fondness for one of our most notorious • Five years of Pollard weeds, the stinging nettle. walk Butterfly Monitoring This butterfly is mostly confined to Australia, but has managed to • Report by Andy Young disperse itself on upwelling westerly winds to the islands east of projects on KI Australia, including New Zealand where this butterfly was first • Notices—AGM documented by European naturalists. It has the interesting habit of Fees now due resting head downwards with wings open (usually) on vertical walls of Excursions buildings, fences, tree trunks, rock faces, etc. It will also slowly open Newsletter by Email? and close its wings while remaining in this position, which usually • Plant sale indicates it is aware of your presence. • New Members • Diary dates Description Wingspan: males and females: 50mm. Upperside: Both sexes look very much alike with black, yellow and orange-brown colours. The yellow is in a band across the forewing, there are a series of blue-centred black dots on the bottom of the hind wing. Underside: The forewing is similar to the upperside but the background colour is grey, and there is a blue ring near the leading edge. The hind wing ground colour is brownish-black mottled with grey. Continued page 2 Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Nymphalidae Genus: Vanessa Species: itea All photos: RHFisher (Continued on page 2) BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SA Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithers Final. 25-34Doc
    DR. COURTENAY NEVILLE SMITHERS 1925-2011 A TRIBUTE David Britton, Australian Museum Courtenay Smithers was an entomologist who was a Curator and Deputy Director at the Australian Museum. Dr Courtenay Smithers Photo: Carl Benton, Australian Museum Childhood study at the University of Pretoria under a South Smithers was born in South Africa in 1925. His African Government sponsored grant and loan family migrated to England in 1938 after his father scheme, where he studied Agriculture, with died in 1934. His earliest career choice was that of a entomology and botany as his major subjects. After professional soccer player, but his schooling and the two years there he changed universities and went to impact of the war meant that his interests turned to Rhodes University in Grahamstown to further his natural history, and he spent much of his spare time studies in entomology, eventually finishing with a watching birds and collecting insects. Masters degree in the early 1950s. War and South Africa He served in the British Army from 1943, arriving in Although he wanted to continue on to do a PhD, he France on D-Day, 6 th of June, 1944. He was taken decided it would be better to go out and work for a prisoner shortly after that, and was not released until few years and return to study later. He had no 1945. He wasn’t discharged from the Army until problems finding work, as Rhodes University was at 1947, and after that he went back to South Africa to that time recognised as having one of best 26 GEN.
    [Show full text]
  • Milk Thistle
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EXOTIC T RU E T HISTL E S RACHEL WINSTON , RICH HANSEN , MA R K SCH W A R ZLÄNDE R , ER IC COO M BS , CA R OL BELL RANDALL , AND RODNEY LY M FHTET-2007-05 U.S. Department Forest September 2008 of Agriculture Service FHTET he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Italian thistle. Photo: ©Saint Mary’s College of California. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
    [Show full text]
  • ACT, Australian Capital Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Science of Taxonomy in Australia: Results of the 2016 Survey of Taxonomic Capacity
    State of the science of taxonomy in Australia: results of the 2016 Survey of Taxonomic Capacity. Prepared by H.J. Weaver Australian Biological Resources Study November 2017 © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. State of the science of taxonomy in Australia: results of the 2016 survey of taxonomic capacity is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This report should be attributed as ‘State of the science of taxonomy in Australia: results of the 2016 survey of taxonomic capacity, Commonwealth of Australia 2017’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment and Energy. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the
    [Show full text]
  • Arctotheca Prostrata (Asteraceae: Arctotideae), a South African Species Now Present in Mexico
    Botanical Sciences 93 (4): 877-880, 2015 TAXONOMY AND FLORISTICS DOI: 10.17129/botsci.223 ARCTOTHECA PROSTRATA (ASTERACEAE: ARCTOTIDEAE), A SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES NOW PRESENT IN MEXICO OSCAR HINOJOSA-ESPINOSA1,2,3 Y JOSÉ LUIS VILLASEÑOR1 1Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F. 2Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 3Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: Arctotheca prostrata is a South African species that has been introduced in other parts of the world, such as California and Australia. Here we report the presence of A. prostrata for the fi rst time in Mexico. To date we have detected the species in nine sites south of Mexico City. The species shows weedy tendencies at each site. It is possible that A. prostrata arrived to Mexico through horticulture and later escaped from cultivation. This species needs to be included in the list of Mexican prohibited weeds, thus permitting the implementation of preventive strategies to avoid its spreading in the country. Key words: Arctotidinae, escaped from cultivation, introduced weeds, South African weeds. Resumen: Arctotheca prostrata es una especie sudafricana que se encuentra introducida en otras partes del mundo, tales como California y Australia. En este artículo se da a conocer por primera vez la presencia de A. prostrata en México. Hasta el momento la especie se ha detectado en nueve sitios al sur de la Ciudad de México. En cada localidad, la especie se comporta como maleza. Es posible que A. prostrata haya llegado a México a través de la horticultura y posteriormente escapara de cultivo.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Reassessment and Typification of Species Names in Arctotis L
    adansonia 2019 ● 41 ● 14 DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Thierry Deroin RÉDACTEURS / EDITORS : Porter P. Lowry II ; Zachary S. Rogers ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Emmanuel Côtez ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Emmanuel Côtez COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : P. Baas (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen) F. Blasco (CNRS, Toulouse) M. W. Callmander (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève) J. A. Doyle (University of California, Davis) P. K. Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich) P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier) L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève) F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran) K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg) J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest) P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier) S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo) É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo) P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth) J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra) J. R. Wood (Oxford) COUVERTURE / COVER : Lectotype of Calendula graminifolia L. (Commelin
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): Higher Classification and Biogeography
    Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2006? 2006 147? 239275 Original Article PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE PIERIDAEM. F. BRABY ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 147, 239–275. With 8 figures Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): higher classification and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/147/2/239/2631026 by Harvard Library user on 21 November 2018 biogeography MICHAEL F. BRABY1,2*, ROGER VILA1 and NAOMI E. PIERCE1 1Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Received May 2004; accepted for publication October 2005 The systematic relationships of the butterfly family Pieridae are poorly understood. Much of our current under- standing is based primarily on detailed morphological observations made 50–70 years ago. However, the family and its putative four subfamilies and two tribes, have rarely been subjected to rigorous phylogenetic analysis. Here we present results based on an analysis of molecular characters used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Pieridae in order to infer higher-level classification above the generic level and patterns of historical biogeography. Our sample contained 90 taxa representing 74 genera and six subgenera, or 89% of all genera recognized in the family. Three complementary approaches were
    [Show full text]