THE MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG MEMBERS! THE KidsRuLe! GUIDE TO…

TALES Victoria and Albert FROM dress-up kit THE MILL INSIDE! Meet bobbin Interview boy Edward Get cooking with Mashiter Mrs Crocombe

Mad SCIENCE Quiz time Experiment Could you cut with brilliant it as a garden biologist apprentice? Charles Darwin Party At thE pAlace How Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

liked to spend their holidays (and Please sir, birthdays) at Osborne on the Isle of Wight I want some more!

INSIDE • LOLS! • PARLOUR GAMES! • COOL POSTER! • THE BRITISH EMPIRE! victoriousVICTORIANS Queen Victoria’s reign saw her rule the waves and a vast empire, while changes closer to home helped to shape Britain as we know it today

he Victorian era was Victoria’s rule also saw a boom in the named after Queen fields of literature, the arts and sciences. LOL! Victoria, who ruled the One of the most famous scientists during Why was Charles United Kingdom of Great this period was biologist Charles Darwin, Dickens Britain and Ireland for over who is famous for his theory of evolution disappointed? 60 years. She was crowned in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. He had Great in 1837, when she was Many of his observations were based on Expectations! just 18, and by the time his studies of nature around the world, she died in 1901, Britain as well as the experiments he conducted had become the most powerful country in the gardens of his family home, in the world. The British Empire stretched Down House in Kent (page 13). from Canada to New Zealand, and was Despite the successes of Victoria’s so big it was described as ‘the empire reign, the queen also faced many on which the sun never sets’. challenges. Due to the threat of invasion by the French and PALACES AND POVERTY Germans, she When she wasn’t busy ruling a quarter expanded the of the globe, Victoria enjoyed spending army and navy, time at Osborne, her holiday home on the and built defensive Isle of Wight, where she liked to escape forts such as Fort with her husband, Prince Albert, and their Brockhurst and nine children (see page 6). However, while Landguard Fort the queen enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle at around England’s her royal palaces, many of her subjects in coast. Sadly, the Britain lived in poverty. During her reign, death of her many people worked in mines, factories beloved husband and mills such as Stott Park Bobbin Mill Albert in 1861 (page 4), or as domestic staff, such as devastated the servants, cooks or gardeners (page 12), queen, who then for wealthy families living at big country wore black in houses like Audley End in Essex (page 10) mourning for the or Brodsworth Hall in Yorkshire (page 14). next 40 years.

Timeline 1837 1839 1859 1860 of the Victoria becomes Charles Dickens’ Charles Darwin’s Nurse Florence queen at 18. She book Oliver Twist, book On the Nightingale lays Victorians gives birth to the about a poor Origin of Species the foundations How Queen Victoria first of her and orphan boy living is published, for modern care helped to make Albert’s nine in London, is revealing his at her school at St Britain great! children in 1840. published. theory of evolution. Thomas’s Hospital. 02 WIN A day in the life… Win a cool goody bag! 4 Meet bobbin boy Edward Mashiter at Stott Park Bobbin Mill in Cumbria Design a card for Queen Victoria’s Osborne explored 200th birthday for your chance 6 Discover the story of Queen Victoria victorious to win! and Prince Albert’s holiday home This year is the 200th anniversary Victorian town poster of Queen Victoria’s birth on 24 8 The next part of your mega timeline! May 1819, and we would like you to design a birthday card to help What’s for dinner? us celebrate. Once you’ve designed 10 Join super cook Avis Crocombe as she your card, send us a photo for your prepares a feast at Audley End in Essex chance to win. We’ve got a goody bag from the English Heritage Interview 11 Young Members get cooking with shop worth £100 for the reader Mrs Crocombe at Audley End in Essex who designs the most impressive card. To enter, go to Quiz time www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids. 12 Discover if you could cut it as a Victorian apprentice gardener Terms and conditions The closing date and time for entries is midnight on 20 June 2019. The promoter is English Heritage. If you are under 13 you need permission from your parent/ Inside Down House guardian before entering the competition. One winner will receive a goody bag from our online 13 Get experimenting at home with shop worth £100. All entries submitted may be featured on the English Heritage website, social media brilliant biologist Charles Darwin channels and in printed publications. If you do not consent to your entry being published, state this when sending in your entry. For full terms and conditions go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids. Look inside… 14 Brodsworth Hall and Gardens Victorian fun and games We asked you to design the front meet 15 More Victorian-themed activities the cover of a Stuart newpaper, and here are the creations of our top reporters… Dress-up time WINnERS 16 Use our props to disguise yourself as Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

This magazine is published on behalf of English Heritage by Immediate Media Co. RUNNER- WINNER! www.immediate.co.uk UP! For English Heritage Luke Whitcomb, Johanna Lovesey, Tom Dennis, Tersia Boorer, Tony Dike, Katie Kennedy, Richard Leatherdale

For Immediate Media Co Group editor Matt Havercroft Senior art editor Sam Freeman Art editor Elaine Knight-Roberts Group production editor Oliver Hurley Account director Helen Johnston Account manager Joanne 200549 Robinson Director Julie Williams Editorial director Dan Linstead Design director Will Slater

Contributors Steven Brindle, Andrew Hann, Emily Parker, Adam Rees Sammy Blyth, Oi! see if you Illustrations can spot me Wesley Robins Damon Kelly, age 7 on page 8! age 12

R.I.P

1867 1876 1878 1880 1901 Joseph Lister Queen Victoria is Cragside in The Elementary Queen Victoria dies, details how given the title Northumberland Education Act is ending the Victorian antiseptic can be Empress of India is the first house to passed into law era. Her oldest son, used to treat after it became be lit by electricity and all children the Prince of Wales, wounds, saving part the British after Joseph Swan under 10 must be is crowned as many lives. Empire in 1858. fits arc lamps. now be educated. King Edward VII. 03 Edward wakes up early for a 10-hour shift at A day in the life… the bobbin mill, where he works six days a Meet Edward Mashiter, a week. Some adults at the mill have to work 12-year-old apprentice at 12 to 18-hour days. Stott Park Bobbin Mill in 1865

Only two more days until a day off on Sunday!

His clothes are tatty and he’s tired and hungry, but it’s The mill makes wooden bobbins that cotton is wound still much better than being in Ulverston Workhouse, around. The mill can be dangerous with saws, drills where he lived and worked in harsh conditions until he and cutting machines. Ed starts the day stacking freshly became an apprentice under his boss Mr Walton. cut wooden poles in the barn so they can dry for a year.

Step to it Mashiter or I’ll be sending I’ll see you you back! in a year!

Gulp! Yes sir, sorry sir!

Ed carries dry wooden poles into the factory so the men at the machines can start cutting them into shorter lengths on a saw to make blanks for the bobbins. That looks Would you boring... like some wood?

About time! Keep it After a few years as an apprentice Ed will start to coming boy! use the machines. He spots one with a drill that bores holes to make the bobbins. There’s also a lot of sawdust and wood chips from Once each man has made 144 bobbins, called a gross, the cutting machines. Ed inhales lots which makes Ed collects them and takes them to the drying room. breathing hard.

cough! Is that wheeze! 141, 142… a Gross AhH-choo! yet?

Quiet Mashiter! Eh? You just made me lose count!

The floor is covered in wood chippings from the machines. There are paths leading through them but Edward slips on his way through. Pick yourself up boy!

OoF! Sorry MR walton!

Ed takes the larger bobbins to other apprentices, who At the end of the day it’s time to ‘knock off’ the are glueing small tops and bottoms, called flanges, machines and finish for the day. After his apprenticeship on to the bobbins to hold the cotton in place. Ed will learn the skills to make bobbins on the machines.

When can I start on the machines sir?

When you learn to stop Grrr! bothering me! Heh, heh! Stick to it lads! Discover where Ed worked by planning a visitwww.english- to Stott Park Bobbin Mill at heritage.org.uk/stottpark ROYAL

RETREATWhen she wasn’t busy ruling the British Empire, Queen Victoria loved to escape to Osborne on the Isle of Wight, where she spent time with her husband Prince Albert and their nine children THEN

NOW

PICKING UP A BARGAIN Go big or Victoria and Albert bought the go home! estate in 1845 for £28,000 (over £3m today). This was considered a bargain, but the queen had to pay for it herself with money from the Privy Purse. BUILDING A PALACE Old Osborne House was too small so Victoria and Albert employed London builder Thomas Cubitt to demolish it and build a family home and state-of-the-art palace.

TOP TECHNOLOGY ITALIAN INSPIRATION The new house used the latest Prince Albert chose an Italian- technology, with fireproofing style design for the house as the throughout, a partial central views across the Solent reminded heating system and piped hot him of the Bay of Naples. Albert’s water for baths and showers. artistic advisor Professor Ludwig Gruner helped design the interior. LOL! HAPPY BIRTHDAY What happened when Queen VICTORIA & ALBERT! Victoria was WORKING FROM HOME This year it is 200 years since the caught gambling? As well as being a family birth of Queen Victoria and Prince She had a royal home, Osborne was a place of Albert, who both celebrated their flush! work for the queen. Most days birthdays at Osborne, and we’re she spent hours looking through celebrating with a new exhibition and trail highlighting a selection official papers, and hosting of their birthday presents. Here meetings in the Council Room. are some of those on display…

STATUE OF QUEEN VICTORIA BY JOHN GIBSON This 1.5m-high marble statue of the queen was given by Victoria to Prince Albert on BIRTHDAY his 30th birthday on 26 August CELEBRATIONS 1849. Victoria thought it made her look like a Roman Empress! Victoria and Albert usually spent their birthdays at MAHARAJA DULEEP Osborne but, after Albert’s SINGH BY FRANZ XAVER early death in 1861, the queen WINTERHALTER never celebrated her birthday Duleep Singh, the on 24 May at Osborne again. Maharaja of the Punjab, was exiled to Britain aged 16 in 1849 and became friends with the queen. This painting was given to Albert by Victoria on his 35th birthday in 1854.

MAURICE BY JOHN WILLIAM BOTTOMLEY Maurice, a St Bernard, PLAY TIME was one of Prince Osborne’s gardens were the Albert’s favourite perfect playground for the dogs. This painting nine royal children. At the was given to Victoria by Albert on her Swiss Cottage, Prince Albert 40th birthday on created a miniature world for 24 May 1859. them including garden plots, a fort and small menagerie. THE SLEEPING SPINNER BY JULIUS TROSCHEL This sculpture shows a young girl who has fallen asleep while spinning. It was FAMILY RETREAT given by Albert to Osborne was Victoria and Albert’s Victoria on her favourite royal residence due to 29th birthday, its secluded location, allowing 24 May 1848. them to spend time out of the public gaze. They spent around Turn to page 3 to take part in three months there every year. our competition to design a 200th birthday card for Queen Victoria! Royal Collection Trust/Her Majesty CollectionRoyal Trust/Her Queen Elizabeth II 2019

7 $ New industries powered by steam have moved into town. COLLECT ALL 12 The population has also grown POSTERS! as people have moved from the countryside. Living conditions are not great for the workers though. Over to you! Collect them all! • How are the goods transported? This is the 10th of 12 posters • How have the fashions changed? you can collect to make a mega • What are the children doing? timeline of English history. You • How are the streets illuminated? can find the other nine at www. • Would you like to live here? english-heritage.org.uk/kids What’s for dinner? Lord and Lady Braybrooke are holding a grand dinner party at Audley End. Look what their cook, Mrs Crocombe, is preparing for dinner in the kitchen! LOL! How do The family usually stayed at Audley End during the autumn and you make a winter for the shooting season and often had visitors. Sometimes Victorian apple there were as many as 15 to 20 guests. Dinners could be fancy affairs turnover? with several courses, each served with wine from the house cellar Push it downhill!

1. Rabbit soup 4. Turbot with lobster sauce Soups were always served at the Turbot was an expensive fish start of dinner in the 1880s, and that was a traditional favourite rabbit soup was a firm favourite for country house dinner parties. as rabbits would have been The diced lobster was boiled then readily available from the puréed by being pushed through estate throughout the year. a sieve to produce a smooth sauce.

2. Roast pheasant 5. Almond and potato pudding Lord Braybrooke raised silver This mashed potato dish flavoured and golden pheasants on the with almonds, lemon and nutmeg estate, looked after by a team of would have been served as a side gamekeepers, and held regular dish. After baking for 40 minutes shooting parties, so pheasant was it was served on a plate, garnished often served at the dinner table. with chopped almonds.

3. Gâteau de pommes 6. Cheese seftons Moulded fruit dishes were very These were a type of cheese popular. The apples were boiled straw, served at the end of up with sugar, water and lemon the meal. The version in Mrs juice until they became a thick Crocombe’s cookbook combined purée. This was then poured into puff pastry and cheese-butter mix. moulds and left to set overnight.

2 1

4 3 6 5

Make Mrs Crocombe’s Have a go at following the Audley End cook’s instructions Queen Drop Biscuits! to make this delicious sweet treat. Go to www.english- 10 heritage.org.uk/kids to download the recipe! Interview with...

MRS CROCOMBEWe sent young Members Ollie and Jack to Audley End in Essex to meet its famous cook

Watch LOL! the video To watch the full What did Queen Victoria say to interview with Mrs the ostrich? Crocombe, go to We are not emus! www.english- heritage.org.uk Q&A /kids You must be Master Ollie and Master Jack. Jack: How does the food get to Lord You both look well-mannered and I hope Braybrooke’s table? your shoes are clean. I’m Mrs Crocombe and That is the job of the footmen and Mr Lincoln I’m the cook at Audley End. the butler. I make the food in the kitchen and then it leaves through the hatch just by the Jack: Is it hard work? door. The dining table is on the other side of the house and upstairs, so the footmen We have to cook for Lord and Lady Braybrooke have to move very quickly. Mr Lincoln and and all their guests, as well as all the servants. I have to be very organised. And the servants don’t eat the same dishes as Lord and Lady Braybrooke, so we do have to make a lot of food. Ollie: Where do you and the other servants eat? Ollie: Are you the only one who Most of the servants eat in the servants’ hall works here? but I sit with the housekeeper Mrs Warwick and the butler Mr Lincoln on a different table. I’m in charge but there are four of us here. Mealtimes are the only times we get to see the Myself, then Mary-Ann my first kitchen maid, other servants. Even the family and usually Sylvia my second kitchen maid and Ally Chase the guests don’t come into the kitchens. who works in the scullery, mostly washing-up. Louisa Williams at Louisa French Photography Louisa Williams at French 11 quiz TIME Could you make it as a VICTORIAN APPRENTICE GARDENer? Take our quiz to see if you could have cut it in a 19th-century English country garden

What skills do you have in The head gardener takes e the challeng 1addition to gardening? 5 credit for your work at the Tak e A Reading and writing local flower show. Are you: B Geometry, geology, surveying A Upset but hope that one day Put your Victorian C None it will be you gardening skills to the test B Pleased that you won even if you don’t get the credit with these challenges C Annoyed – you deserved it! In the summer the working Eager to explore 2 day could start at 4am to What would you use Plant collectors from cut the grass. Do you: 6 for watering the award- Britain travelled all A Force yourself out of bed winning cabbages? over the world B Enjoy the fresh early morning light looking for new C Pretend that you forgot A C trees and plants to grow. Where Where do you would you go to 3want to live? look for new plants A On a cottage on the estate shared B today and what with two other gardeners might they look like? B In a shed in the kitchen garden After a long day in the sharing a room with six other 7 garden do you: Gleaming glass gardeners A Record your day's tasks in a diary Advances in glass technology C In your own home with your family B Read a book on gardening meant that greenhouses C Go to sleep became bigger and You only get paid three better, growing 4shillings a week. You are What would you wear for exotic fruit and asked to water the plants on a 8 a hard day’s work in the vegetables more Sunday for no extra pay. Do you: garden? easily, including A Water them as quickly as possible pineapples! What so you can get back to your day off cool fruit and B Water the plants thoroughly, vegetables would they need it! you grow in your C Enjoy your day off with greenhouse? a trip to the seaside B Formal flowers A C The fashion was for gardens planted How did you get on? in patterns with brightly coloured flowers, to be admired from Mostly A: more Mostly B: Mostly C: the windows above. experience needed you’re hired! career change? What colours and Hit the books and spend You are ready to study It doesn’t look like patterns would more time in the garden. hard, work 12-hour days gardening is the you choose? Have Try recording your daily and start your career career for you – have a go at designing tasks to remember in gardening. Next stop you ever considered your own dream what needs doing. head gardener! being a butler? garden. Getty; Alamy 12 hair today, gone LOL! tomorrow What did Charles Darwin use to moisturise? Darwin’s Evo-lotion! Charles domain Darwin Victorian scientist Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution through experiments he conducted at Down House in Kent HOME EXPERIMENTS He used the surrounding landscape as a laboratory. NATURAL CURIOSITY A FAMILY HOME Darwin made observations of the Darwin loved his garden. He nature he saw around him at carried out observations and Down House was Darwin’s experiments in his greenhouse home for 40 years. He lived Down House. His daily walks were important as thinking time too. to see how plants compete here from 1842 until his death and adapt to changing in 1882, with his wife Emma. They had 10 children, although circumstances. three died in childhood.

GENIUS AT WORK STARTING AN Darwin was a genius but he EVOLUTION needed help from lots of people FAMILY FUN Darwin wrote the influential to develop his ideas. His Life at Down was fun as well. On the Origin of Species in thoughts were controversial, Charles and Emma Darwin 1858–59. It put forward the especially the idea that humans, had a happy family life with idea that species of animals apes and monkeys are related. their children. They played and plants evolved over time. music, read books and played games like backgammon. DIY DARWIN Three of the experiments Darwin conducted at Down House to try yourself FEED ME NOW! GROW YOUR OWN JUNGLE SEED SAILORS Try growing cape sundews A terrarium is a glass Darwin wanted to see if seeds at home – these small container with plants inside. could cross oceans. Try soaking carnivorous (meat-eating) Try making your own and cress seeds in jars of salty plants will fit on a windowsill watch how the plants grow water for different lengths of but they eat almost anything. towards the time. Plant them in compost Try feeding them pieces light and with seeds that have not been of meat, cheese, hair or compete soaked for comparison. How even toenail clippings! for space. do the salty seeds do?

Discover more at www.english-heritage.org.uk/downhouse 13 Look inside… Brodsworth Hall This grand THEN country house in Yorkshire was built in the 1860s for the Thellusson family and remains almost exactly the same as when it was built

NOW

The entrance hall The columned porch was wide 1 enough for a carriage to drive through it, so the Thellussons and their guests could reach the entrance hall without getting wet if it was raining. LOL! Why did Queen Victoria The dining room The drawing room always have The dining room has a This was used mostly by the an umbrella? 2 huge table. The Thellussons 4 women of the family, who She reigned displayed their best paintings and would entertain visitors here and for years! silver here. The last family member sit here after dinner. The walls to live here, Sylvia Grant Dalton, are lined with red silk – a very sometimes ate here on her own. expensive substitute for wallpaper.

The billiard room The bedrooms The servants’ wing The billiard room has The bedrooms were About 15 servants worked 3 a massive table for playing 5 comfortably furnished, with 6 in the house, including billiards – a version of snooker. massive beds and wardrobes. The a butler, a housekeeper, a cook, It was mainly designed for men house originally didn’t have baths four housemaids, three kitchen to use, with long sofas against or washbasins, so the servants maids and a valet. Other servants the walls and paintings of horses. had to bring jugs full of hot water. worked outside in the gardens.

Discover more about Brodsworth Hall at www.english-heritage.org.uk/brodsworth 14 LOL! VICTORIANWhy was the chimney sweep late fun & games for work? He over More Victorian- swept! themed puzzles, ODd jObs crafts, challenges See if you can match these strange Victorian and jokes jobs with their descriptions Collected dog poo Tosher MAKE A VICTORIAN Stole bodies from graves SPINNER Pure finder Thaumatropes were popular with Resurrectionist Victorian children, as they could Collected rags from make a moving picture in their the riverbank hands – it was the closest they Answers got to a video on a phone. Here’s at the Searched for how to make your own. bottom of Mudlark the page valuables in sewers 1 Cut out a circular piece of paper. 2 On one side draw a picture, such as a person holding a balloon. 3 On the other draw a slightly Make a different picture, such as the same person with the balloon silhouette drawing floating away. How to draw a friend’s face the Victorian way 4 Poke a hole on each side and Drawing someone’s shadow was a popular thread string or elastic bands way to have a portrait done in Victorian through them. times. Put a piece of paper on the wall 5 Spin the disc and the optical and point a torch at the paper by illusion will show the person resting it on a chair or table. Stand letting go of the balloon. side-on between the light and the 6 Experiment with different wall so the shadow of your face is on pictures and see what the paper. Then get someone to draw animations you can make. the outline of your face and neck. You can then colour your head in black.

IN OUR DEFENCE

Which two of these forts were built by the Victorians?

and Landguard Fort were built by the Victorians the by built were Fort Landguard and

Brockhurst Fort DEFENCE: OUR IN riverbank. the from

– stole bodies from graves. Mudlark – collected rags rags collected – Mudlark graves. from bodies stole – Old Sarum Fort Landguard

sewers. Pure finder – collected dog poo. Resurrectionist Resurrectionist poo. dog collected – finder Pure sewers. Richborough

ODD JOBS: Tosher – searched for valuables in in valuables for searched – Tosher JOBS: ODD ANSWERS Brockhurt Roman Fort Fort INSTANT dress-up

Become royalty for a day with this Queen Victoria KITBe treated like royalty and mask and transform yourself into Queen sceptre! Victoria or Prince Albert! STEP 1 www.english-heritage.org.uk/kidsGo to to get started

STEP 2 Follow the instructions to download your printable disguises. Print out the templates and glue each of the pages on to card before cutting them out

STEP 3 Attach string or elastic to your mask, top hat or ’tache. Calling all princes!

For all you young gents STEP 4 we’ve got a terrific top Strike a pose and take a photo. Ask a grown-up to share your Victorian selfie using hat and an amazing #EHmembership and tag @EnglishHeritage moustache to transform you into Prince Albert!