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Ayeyarwady Delta 3CRP Scoping Mission

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Ayeyarwady Delta 3CRP Scoping Mission Ayeyarwady Delta 3CRP Scoping Mission 02nd to 07th February 2014 Summary of key findings and proposed next steps WorldFish (AAS) / IRRI (GRiSP) / IWMI (WLE) IRRI: Grant Singleton, Madonna Casimero, Elizabeth Humphreys, Matty Demont IWMI: Matthew McCartney, Chu Thai Hoanh, Sonali Senaratna, Srabani Roy WorldFish: Gareth Johnstone, Michael Phillips, Ranjitha Puskur, Kam Suan Pheng, Tezzo Xavier 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank staff from the Myanmar Department of Fisheries for their assistance in organizing the logistics for this scoping mission with a special thanks to U Khin Maung Soe who organized much of the logistics for the dry-run and scoping missions. They also extend their thanks to the numerous people who kindly gave their time for interviews and focus group discussions. Financial support for the mission was provided by the CGIAR Research Programs: i) the Global Rice Science Partnership, ii) Aquatic Agricultural Systems, and iii) Water Land and Ecosystems. i Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ iii Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. v SECTION 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the scoping mission........................................................................................... 3 1.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Geographic coverage and sites visited.................................................................................... 5 1.5 Key findings: opportunities and challenges ............................................................................ 7 1.6 Integrating the three CRPs ...................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Summary of experience from cross CGIAR center collaboration in the region ...................... 9 SECTION 2: Perspectives from the scoping mission ......................................................................... 11 2.1 Markets, value chains and private sector ............................................................................. 11 2.2 Productivity, NRM and ecosystem services and resilience ................................................... 15 2.3 Institutions and governance ................................................................................................. 18 2.4 Livelihoods, poverty and gender ........................................................................................... 22 2.5 Information management, capacity building, GIS ................................................................ 26 2.6 Partnerships and scaling ....................................................................................................... 31 SECTION 3: What next? .................................................................................................................... 34 3.1 Description of opportunities (short and long term ............................................................... 34 3.2 Possible framework for joint CRP studies in Myanmar ........................................................ 36 3.3 Possible coordination and funding of joint activities ............................................................ 37 3.4 Some initial joint activities and preparation steps ............................................................... 38 References ............................................................................................................................................ 39 Appendix A: Ayeyarwady Delta Dry Run Report ................................................................................... 40 Appendix B: Itinerary for 3 CRP scoping mission in the Delta (Maubin, Pyapon and Bogalay) ........... 45 Appendix C: List of people met ............................................................................................................. 47 Appendix D: Terms of Reference .......................................................................................................... 49 Appendix E: Recent examples of cross CGIAR centre collaboration in the region ........................... 51 ii Executive Summary Covering an area of 35,136 km2 and with a population of over 8 million the Ayeyarwady River Delta in Myanmar is one of Asia’s mega deltas. Despite being naturally highly productive and contributing significantly to the national economy, it is one of the poorest regions in the country. Rates of poverty, food poverty and under-5 malnutrition are high and exceed those in most other regions of the country. Between 02nd and 07th February 2014, researchers from IRRI, WorldFish and IWMI, as well as national partners, participated in a scoping mission to the Delta. The purpose of this mission was to gain a broad and shared understanding of the aquatic and agricultural development challenges for poor men and women in the Delta (including up-stream drivers) and identify opportunities for the CGIAR, particularly the three CRPs (AAS, GRiSP and WLE), to collaborate with Myanmar in a joint research and development initiative to address these challenges. To gain insights into the key agricultural development challenges, and provide context and background, the mission travelled to key locations in the Delta and met with a wide range of people from government, NGOs and academic institutions. The members of the scoping mission team, worked together in both thematic groups based on their specific area of expertise and also in cross- disciplinary groups. Focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders from the fishery, agriculture and irrigation sectors. These discussions centred on key problems, identifying causes, opportunities and constraints, as well as future aspirations. Short term (3-5 years) and long term (3- 10 years) research and development opportunities in the Delta were identified. A debriefing session was conducted with donors, partners and government representatives, in Yangon, on the final day of the mission. The mission found that there are a large number of existing and emerging issues that undermine the capability of the rural sector to improve productivity, incomes, nutrition and food security in the Delta. These include: • high levels of poverty, food insecurity and under nutrition amongst smallholders and the landless who are locked into vicious cycles of deprivation; • high inequity and limited economic opportunities for smallholders and landless; • low and inefficient productivity of systems due to challenging and uncertain biophysical environment; weak management systems to optimize water and land use; climate change; environmental degradation; labor shortages; inadequate access to and availability of technologies, knowledge and information; • unequal and inadequate access to productive resources and assets (land, water, boats, extension and market services, financial products) and limited co-ordination in markets/value chains, which appears to be compounded by increasing privatization and conversion of land to paddy and ponds; • limited integration across agriculture and aquaculture (farm and landscapes) that reduces the potential for diversification and optimizing the use of land and water and leads to conflicts between capture fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture; • a weak policy and institutional environment that undermines the ability to tackle poverty and improve incomes and environmental services; • environmental degradation (i.e. mangrove loss and fisheries degradation as a consequence of agro-chemical use), increasing variability and declining resilience that is increasingly evident towards the central and southern reaches of the Delta. iii The mission found close alignment between the development outcomes sought by the CGIAR, skills and experiences of the three CRPs in Myanmar and deltaic regions of Asia, and the development challenges faced in the Ayeyarwady Delta and identified a range of new opportunities for collaboration between the CGIAR and Myanmar stakeholders to contribute to these challenges. The successful outcomes arising from joint activities between the 3 CRPs under the CPWF framework in the Ganges delta in Bangladesh provides an excellent template for similar work in Myanmar. A related opportunity in Myanmar would be integrated polder management. The issue has numerous cross-cutting interests and would benefit considerably through contributions from each of the CRPs. Thus, “integrated polder management” is proposed as an overarching theme for the 3 CRPs in the Delta. Additional, key recommendations stemming from the scoping mission are: In the short-term • Move towards a deeper collaboration with Myanmar through an integrated CRP approach, building on existing collaboration and existing projects, and initially focussing on the Ayeyarwady delta. • Undertake, with a wide range of stakeholders (including communities), participatory scenario building
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