JOHN A. TARDUNO February 2, 2020
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Curriculum Vitae
TIMOTHY JAMES BRALOWER Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 [email protected] www.globalnannoplankton.com Education: Ph.D. Earth Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 1986. M.S. Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 1982. B.A. with Honours in Geology, Oxford University, England, 1980. Professional Experience: Professor, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 2003-. Head, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 2003-2011; 2017-2018. Chair, Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1998-2002. Joseph Sloane Professor of Geological and Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1998-2002. Associate Professor of Geological and Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1993-1998. Assistant Professor, Geological and Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1990-1993. Assistant Professor, Florida International University, State University of Florida at Miami, 1987-1990. ODP/IODP: Shipboard biostratigrapher, Leg 122 (Indian Ocean, 1988), Leg 143 (Pacific Ocean, 1993), Leg 165 (Caribbean, 1995), Expedition 364 (Chicxulub, 2016). Co-chief scientist, ODP Leg 198 (Pacific, 2001). Honors: Hettelman Junior Faculty Research Prize, UNC-CH, 1995. Fulbright Senior Scholarship, University of New South Wales, 2011-12. Wilson Service Award, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, PSU, 2015; G. Montgomery and Marion Mitchell Award for Innovative Teaching, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, PSU, 2017; George W. Atherton Award for Excellence in Teaching, PSU Systemwide Highest Award 2020. Memberships: AGU, GSA, NAGT Publications: http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=q4WEgGYAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Partial list of Professional Service (past 20 years) . -
1 John A. Tarduno
JOHN A. TARDUNO January, 2016 Professor of Geophysics Tel: 585-275-5713 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Fax: 585-244-5689 University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 Email: [email protected] USA http://www.ees.rochester.edu/people/faculty/tarduno_john Academic Career: 2005-present Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 2000-present Professor of Geophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 1998-2006 Chair, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 1996 Associate Professor of Geophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 1993 Assistant Professor of Geophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 1990 Assistant Research Geophysicist, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Ca. 1989 National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland 1988 JOI/USSAC Ocean Drilling Fellow, Stanford University, Stanford, Ca. 1987 Ph.D. (Geophysics), Stanford University, Stanford, Ca. 1987 M.S. (Geophysics) Stanford University, Stanford Ca. 1983 B.S. (Geophysics) Lehigh University, Bethlehem Pa. Honors and Awards: Phi Beta Kappa (1983) Fellow, Geological Society of America (1998) JOI/USSAC Distinguished Lecturer (2000-2001) Goergen Award for Distinguished Achievement and Artistry in Undergraduate Teaching (2001) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2003) American Geophysical Union/Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Section Bullard Lecturer (2004) Fellow, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (2006-2007) Edward Peck Curtis Award for -
Uncorking the Bottle: What Triggered the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum Methane Release? Miriame
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, VOL. 16, NO. 6, PAGES 549-562, DECEMBER 2001 Uncorking the bottle: What triggered the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum methane release? MiriamE. Katz,• BenjaminS. Cramer,Gregory S. Mountain,2 Samuel Katz, 3 and KennethG. Miller,1,2 Abstract. The Paleocene/Eocenethermal maximum (PETM) was a time of rapid global warming in both marine and continentalrealms that has been attributed to a massivemethane (CH4) releasefrom marine gas hydrate reservoirs. Previously proposedmechanisms for thismethane release rely on a changein deepwatersource region(s) to increasewater temperatures rapidly enoughto trigger the massivethermal dissociationof gas hydratereservoirs beneath the seafloor.To establish constraintson thermaldissociation, we modelheat flow throughthe sedimentcolumn and showthe effectof the temperature changeon the gashydrate stability zone throughtime. In addition,we provideseismic evidence tied to boreholedata for methanerelease along portions of the U.S. continentalslope; the releasesites are proximalto a buriedMesozoic reef front. Our modelresults, release site locations, published isotopic records, and oceancirculation models neither confirm nor refute thermaldissociation as the triggerfor the PETM methanerelease. In the absenceof definitiveevidence to confirmthermal dissociation,we investigatean altemativehypothesis in which continentalslope failure resulted in a catastrophicmethane release.Seismic and isotopic evidence indicates that Antarctic source deepwater circulation and seafloor erosion caused slope retreatalong -
Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume
Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 143 30. SEDIMENT FACIES AND ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION ON CRETACEOUS PACIFIC CARBONATE PLATFORMS: AN OVERVIEW OF DREDGED ROCKS FROM WESTERN PACIFIC GUYOTS1 Robert J. van Waasbergen2 ABSTRACT Many years of dredging of Cretaceous guyots in the western Pacific Ocean have shown the widespread occurrence of drowned carbonate platforms that were active in the Early to middle Cretaceous. Through petrographic analysis of available dredged limestone samples from these guyots, eight limestone lithofacies are distinguished, of which the first three are found in great abundance or in dredges from more than one guyot. The eight lithofacies are used to form a composite image of the depositional environments on the Cretaceous Pacific carbonate platforms. The most abundant facies (Facies 1) is a coarse bioclastic grainstone found in the forereef environment. Facies 2 comprises mudstone in which small bioclasts are rare to abundant. This facies is typical of the platform-interior ("lagoon") environment. Facies 3 comprises packstones and wackestones of peloids and coated grains, and is attributed to deposition in environments of moderate energy dominated by tidal currents. A number of lithofacies were recognized in only a few samples, or only in samples from a single guyot, and are therefor termed "minor" facie;. Facies 4 comprises muddy sponge-algal bafflestone deposits probably associated with shallow, platform-interior bioherms. Facies 5 comprises oolite grainstones and is attributed to high-energy platform-margin environments. Facies 6 is a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic deposit and may be associated with an episode of renewed volcanic activity on one of the guyots (Allison) in the Mid-Pacific Mountains. -
Modern and Ancient Hiatuses in the Pelagic Caps of Pacific Guyots and Seamounts and Internal Tides GEOSPHERE; V
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Modern and ancient hiatuses in the pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and internal tides GEOSPHERE; v. 11, no. 5 Neil C. Mitchell1, Harper L. Simmons2, and Caroline H. Lear3 1School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK doi:10.1130/GES00999.1 2School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, 129 O’Neill Building, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA 3School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK 10 figures CORRESPONDENCE: neil .mitchell@ manchester ABSTRACT landmasses were different. Furthermore, the maximum current is commonly .ac .uk more important locally than the mean current for resuspension and transport Incidences of nondeposition or erosion at the modern seabed and hiatuses of particles and thus for influencing the sedimentary record. The amplitudes CITATION: Mitchell, N.C., Simmons, H.L., and Lear, C.H., 2015, Modern and ancient hiatuses in the within the pelagic caps of guyots and seamounts are evaluated along with of current oscillations should therefore be of interest to paleoceanography, al- pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and paleotemperature and physiographic information to speculate on the charac- though they are not well known for the geological past. internal tides: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1590–1606, ter of late Cenozoic internal tidal waves in the upper Pacific Ocean. Drill-core Hiatuses in pelagic sediments of the deep abyssal ocean floor have been doi:10.1130/GES00999.1. and seismic reflection data are used to classify sediment at the drill sites as interpreted from sediment cores (Barron and Keller, 1982; Keller and Barron, having been accumulating or eroding or not being deposited in the recent 1983; Moore et al., 1978). -
Initial Transgressive Phase of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence of Extreme Sulfate Reduction
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 1995 Initial Transgressive Phase of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence of Extreme Sulfate Reduction Bjørn Buchardt University of Copenhagen Mary Anne Holmes University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Buchardt, Bjørn and Holmes, Mary Anne, "Initial Transgressive Phase of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence of Extreme Sulfate Reduction" (1995). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 62. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/62 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 51. INITIAL TRANSGRESSIVE PHASE OF LEG 144 GUYOTS: EVIDENCE OF EXTREME SULFATE REDUCTION1 Bjorn Buchardt2 and Mary Anne Holmes3 ABSTRACT The initial transgressive phase at the Leg 144 Guyots is characterized by a typical association of sedimentary facies (from bottom to top): in situ weathered volcanic rocks; variegated clays, partly pyritic; gray clay, pyritic, homogeneous, or mottled; black clay, peaty, laminated, or bioturbated; and marine argillaceous limestone. Site 877 at Wodejebato Guyot represents the typical development of the initial transgressive phase. The black clay is rich in organic carbon (up to 40%) and sulfur (up to 25%). -
The Palaeocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum Super Greenhouse
The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum super greenhouse: biotic and geochemical signatures, age models and mechanisms of global change A. SLUIJS1, G. J. BOWEN2, H. BRINKHUIS1, L. J. LOURENS3 & E. THOMAS4 1Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 3Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands 4Center for the Study of Global Change, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven CT 06520-8109, USA; also at Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA Abstract: The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a geologically brief episode of global warming associated with the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary, has been studied extensively since its discovery in 1991. The PETM is characterized by a globally quasi-uniform 5–8 8C warming and large changes in ocean chemistry and biotic response. The warming is associated with a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE), reflecting geologically rapid input of large amounts of isotopically light CO2 and/or CH4 into the exogenic (ocean–atmosphere) carbon pool. The biotic response on land and in the oceans was heterogeneous in nature and severity, including radiations, extinctions and migrations. Recently, several events that appear -
3. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Site 865, Allison Guyot, Central Pacific Ocean: a Tropical Paleogene Reference Section1
Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 143 3. CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SITE 865, ALLISON GUYOT, CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN: A TROPICAL PALEOGENE REFERENCE SECTION1 Timothy J. Bralower2 and Jorg Mutterlose3 ABSTRACT A relatively expanded and largely complete upper Paleocene to lower Oligocene sequence was recovered from the pelagic cap overlying Allison Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains. The sequence consists of calcareous ooze with a high planktonic foraminifer content. Two separate holes (865B and 865C) were drilled with the advanced piston coring system. Samples from these holes have been the target of intensive calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigations. Calcareous nannofossils are moderately well preserved and diverse throughout the sequence recovered, which extends from nannofossil Zone CP3 to CPI 6. Our data show that unconformities occur in the uppermost lower Eocene and at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, correlating to part of Zones CPU and CP 12 and Zones CP 15 and CP 16, respectively. Most traditional zonal markers are present; however, the rarity of several of them, particularly discoasters, and the overgrowth of others, including species of Tribrachiatus, in the uppermost Paleocene and lower Eocene makes zonal subdivision of part of this sequence difficult. For this reason, more attention has been paid to establishing the precise ranges of nonzonal taxa. We were able to determine 142 zonal and nonzonal events in the Paleogene section by intensively sampling both holes (1-5 samples in each core section). Sample density increased toward the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Although the events are spread fairly evenly throughout the section, some of the most dramatic turnover occurs in the boundary and early Eocene interval. -
Late Paleocene to Eocene Paleoceanography of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean: Stable Isotopesrecorded at Ocean Drilling Program Site 865, Allison Guyot
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY,VOL. 10, NO. 4 , PAGES 841-865, AUGUST 1995 Late Paleocene to Eocene paleoceanography of the equatorial Pacific Ocean: Stable isotopesrecorded at Ocean Drilling Program Site 865, Allison Guyot TimothyJ. Bralower,1James C. Zachos,2 Ellen Thomas, 3,4 Matthew Parrow, 1 Charles K. Paull,• D. ClayKelly, • IsabellaPremoli Silva, 5 WilliamV. Sliter,6 and Kyger C. Lohmann 7 Abstract. An expandedand largely complete upper Paleocene to upperEocene section was recoveredfrom the pelagic cap overlying Allison Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains at OceanDrilling Program(ODP) Site865 (18ø26'N,179ø33'W; paleodepth 1300-1500 m). Reconstructionsshow thatthe sitewas within a few degreesof theequator during the Paleogene.Because no other Paleogenesections have been recovered in thePacific Ocean at sucha low latitude,Site 865 providesa uniquerecord of equatorialPacific paleoceanography. Detailed stable isotopic investigationswere conducted on three planktonic foraminiferal taxa (species of Acarinina, Morozovella,and Subbotina). We studiedbenthic foraminiferal isotopes at muchlower resolution on speciesof Cibicidoidesand Lenticulina, Nuttallides truernpyi and Gavelinella beccariiformis, becauseof theirexceptional rarity. The •5180 and •513C stratigraphies from Site 865 are generally similarto thosederived from otherPaleocene and Eocene sections. The planktonicforaminiferal recordsat Site 865, however,include significantly less short-term, single-sample variability than thosefrom higher-latitude sites, indicating that this tropical, oligotrophic location had a comparativelystable water column structure with a deepmixed layer and less seasonal variability. Low-amplitude(0.1-0.8%o) oscillations on timescalesof 250,000to 300,000years correlate betweenthe/513C records of all planktonictaxa and may represent fluctuations in the mixing intensityof surfacewaters. Peak sea surface temperatures of 24ø-25øCoccurred in theearliest Eocene,followed by a rapidcooling of 3-6øCin thelate early Eocene. -
Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results Volume
Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 143 17. RADIOMETRIC AGES OF BASALTIC LAVAS RECOVERED AT SITES 865,866, AND 8691 Malcolm S. Pringle2 and Robert A. Duncan3 ABSTRACT Concordant 40Ar/39Ar incremental-heating experiments yielded reliable estimates of the crystallization age of the oldest volcanic rocks sampled at each of Sites 865,866, and 869 during Leg 143. The oldest sill near the bottom of Hole 865 A on Allison Guyot is 111.1 ± 1.3 Ma. The three oldest lavas at the base of Hole 866A on Resolution Guyot average 127.6 + 2.1 Ma. Three basalt clasts within the thick Cenomanian volcaniclastic section at Hole 869B average 94.4 ± 0.3 Ma. Each of these sites of volcanism had Cretaceous sources within the area defined by the modern South Pacific isotopic and thermal anomaly (SOPITA). Each of the sites also exhibited evidence of magmatic activity at least 6 m.y. later than the initial volcanic phase; such renewed activity seems to be episodic, rather than continuous, in nature. Drilling through volcaniclastic aprons remains the best (only?) way to sample the complete volcanic history of large seamounts, guyots, and oceanic plateaus. INTRODUCTION The Sr-isotope stratigraphy (Jenkyns et al., this volume) also indi- cates a late Aptian/early Albian age for the lowermost carbonates at Geochronological control through the radiometric dating of Site 865. According to the time scale of Harland et al. (1990), the seamount basalts provides information central to almost all of the biostratigraphy suggests a maximum age of approximately 112 Ma scientific objectives of the Guyots and Atolls Drilling Program, for the intrusive basalts. -
Stratigraphy, Paleoceanography, and Evolution of Cretaceous Pacific Guyots: Relics from a Greenhouse Earth Hugh C
[AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE,VOL. 299, MAY, 1999, P. 341–392] STRATIGRAPHY, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, AND EVOLUTION OF CRETACEOUS PACIFIC GUYOTS: RELICS FROM A GREENHOUSE EARTH HUGH C. JENKYNS* and PAUL A. WILSON** ABSTRACT. Many guyots in the north Pacific are built of drowned Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates that rest on edifice basalt. Dating of these limestones, using strontium- and carbon-isotope stratigraphy, illustrates a number of events in the evolution of these carbonate platforms: local deposition of marine black shales during the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event; synchronous development of oolitic deposits during the Aptian; and drowning at different times during the Cretaceous (and Tertiary). Dating the youngest levels of these platform carbonate shows that the shallow-water systems drowned sequentially in the order in which plate-tectonic movement transported them into low latitudes south of the Equator (paleolati- tude ϳ0°-10° south). The chemistry of peri-equatorial waters, rich in upwelled nutrients and carbon dioxide, may have been a contributory factor to the suppression of carbonate precipitation on these platforms. However, oceanic anoxic events, thought to reflect high nutrient availability and increased produc- tivity of planktonic organic-walled and siliceous microfossils, did not occasion platform drowning. Neither is there any evidence that relative sealevel changes were the primary cause of platform drowning, which is consistent with the established resilience of shallow-water carbonate systems when influenced by such phenomena. Comparisons with paleotemperature data show that platform drowning took place closer to the Equator during cooler intervals, such as the early Albian and Maastrichtian, and farther south of the Equator during warmer periods such as Albian-Cenomanian boundary time and the mid-Eocene. -
30. Sediment Facies and Environments of Deposition on Cretaceous Pacific Carbonate Platforms: an Overview of Dredged Rocks from Western Pacific Guyots1
Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 143 30. SEDIMENT FACIES AND ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION ON CRETACEOUS PACIFIC CARBONATE PLATFORMS: AN OVERVIEW OF DREDGED ROCKS FROM WESTERN PACIFIC GUYOTS1 Robert J. van Waasbergen2 ABSTRACT Many years of dredging of Cretaceous guyots in the western Pacific Ocean have shown the widespread occurrence of drowned carbonate platforms that were active in the Early to middle Cretaceous. Through petrographic analysis of available dredged limestone samples from these guyots, eight limestone lithofacies are distinguished, of which the first three are found in great abundance or in dredges from more than one guyot. The eight lithofacies are used to form a composite image of the depositional environments on the Cretaceous Pacific carbonate platforms. The most abundant facies (Facies 1) is a coarse bioclastic grainstone found in the forereef environment. Facies 2 comprises mudstone in which small bioclasts are rare to abundant. This facies is typical of the platform-interior ("lagoon") environment. Facies 3 comprises packstones and wackestones of peloids and coated grains, and is attributed to deposition in environments of moderate energy dominated by tidal currents. A number of lithofacies were recognized in only a few samples, or only in samples from a single guyot, and are therefor termed "minor" facie;. Facies 4 comprises muddy sponge-algal bafflestone deposits probably associated with shallow, platform-interior bioherms. Facies 5 comprises oolite grainstones and is attributed to high-energy platform-margin environments. Facies 6 is a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic deposit and may be associated with an episode of renewed volcanic activity on one of the guyots (Allison) in the Mid-Pacific Mountains.