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9. Small-Scale Shallow-Water Carbonate Sequences of Resolution Guyot (Sites 866, 867, and 868)1
Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 143 9. SMALL-SCALE SHALLOW-WATER CARBONATE SEQUENCES OF RESOLUTION GUYOT (SITES 866, 867, AND 868)1 Andre Strasser,2 Hubert Arnaud,3 François Baudin,4 and Ursula Röhl5 ABSTRACT The Hauteri vian to upper Albian carbonate sediments drilled on Resolution Guyot are all of shallow-water origin. The volcanic basement is covered by dolomitized oolitic and oncolitic grainstones of an inner-ramp setting. At 1400 m below seafloor (mbsf), they pass into peritidal facies punctuated by small coral and mdist bioherms and by beach sediments. Oolites dominate between 790 and 680 mbsf. The upper part of the guyot (from 680 mbsf up to the phosphate-iron-manganese crust capping the Cretaceous platform) is composed of lagoonal carbonates exhibiting some calcrete horizons. The material collected from Holes 867B and 868A implies that the platform was rimmed by barrier islands and storm beaches, and that reefs (rudists and sponges) were of minor importance. This is in contrast to modern atolls, where reefs are the major rim builders. In the late Albian, the platform was subaerially exposed and karstified, then drowned. Although average recovery was low (15.4% for Hole 866A, 29.2% for 867B, 46.3% for 868A), the cored material clearly shows that the sedimentary record is composed of small, meter-scale sequences. They are especially well developed in platform- interior, lagoonal-peritidal settings, where facies evolution indicates cyclic deepening and shallowing of the depositional environ- ment. -
Curriculum Vitae
TIMOTHY JAMES BRALOWER Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 [email protected] www.globalnannoplankton.com Education: Ph.D. Earth Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 1986. M.S. Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 1982. B.A. with Honours in Geology, Oxford University, England, 1980. Professional Experience: Professor, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 2003-. Head, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 2003-2011; 2017-2018. Chair, Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1998-2002. Joseph Sloane Professor of Geological and Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1998-2002. Associate Professor of Geological and Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1993-1998. Assistant Professor, Geological and Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1990-1993. Assistant Professor, Florida International University, State University of Florida at Miami, 1987-1990. ODP/IODP: Shipboard biostratigrapher, Leg 122 (Indian Ocean, 1988), Leg 143 (Pacific Ocean, 1993), Leg 165 (Caribbean, 1995), Expedition 364 (Chicxulub, 2016). Co-chief scientist, ODP Leg 198 (Pacific, 2001). Honors: Hettelman Junior Faculty Research Prize, UNC-CH, 1995. Fulbright Senior Scholarship, University of New South Wales, 2011-12. Wilson Service Award, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, PSU, 2015; G. Montgomery and Marion Mitchell Award for Innovative Teaching, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, PSU, 2017; George W. Atherton Award for Excellence in Teaching, PSU Systemwide Highest Award 2020. Memberships: AGU, GSA, NAGT Publications: http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=q4WEgGYAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Partial list of Professional Service (past 20 years) . -
Appendix 2. the Mystery of Guyot Formation and Sinking
Appendix 2 The Mystery of Guyot Formation and Sinking Origin of Guyots Unknown In 1946, geologist Harry Hess was the first geologist to describe guyots (flat-topped seamount).1 Since then, the number of guyots has become numerous. Resolution Guyot in the Mid-Pacific Mountains that was studied in the 1990s by the Deep Sea Drilling Project2 is a typical guyot. Figure A2.1 shows the silhouette. Ever since Hess’s time, the cause of the flat top has eluded explanation.3 Winterer and Met- Figure A2.1. Silhouette of Resolution Guyot zler maintain: “Since Hess first recognized them in the Mid-Pacific Mountains (drawn by Mrs. Melanie Richard). in 1946, the origin of flat-topped seamounts, or guyots, has remained one of the most persistent problems in marine geology.”4 Since guyots are believed to have been truncated near sea level, there are two suggested subsid- ence mechanisms used to explain why they are now found well below sea level. But some guyots must have become flat well below sea level. Not All Guyots Eroded At Sea Level Many scientists have simply assumed that the flat top of a guyot was eroded at or near sea level.5,6 ‘This has been challenged by a few marine geologists.’7,8 For instance, a number of guyots near the East Pacific Rise have been attributed to the infilling of calderas by small lava flows well below sea level.9,10,11,12 “But, these guyots are small 1 Hess, H.H., 1946. Drowned ancient islands of the Pacific Basin. American Journal of Science 244:772–791. -
1 John A. Tarduno
JOHN A. TARDUNO January, 2016 Professor of Geophysics Tel: 585-275-5713 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Fax: 585-244-5689 University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 Email: [email protected] USA http://www.ees.rochester.edu/people/faculty/tarduno_john Academic Career: 2005-present Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 2000-present Professor of Geophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 1998-2006 Chair, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 1996 Associate Professor of Geophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 1993 Assistant Professor of Geophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. 1990 Assistant Research Geophysicist, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Ca. 1989 National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland 1988 JOI/USSAC Ocean Drilling Fellow, Stanford University, Stanford, Ca. 1987 Ph.D. (Geophysics), Stanford University, Stanford, Ca. 1987 M.S. (Geophysics) Stanford University, Stanford Ca. 1983 B.S. (Geophysics) Lehigh University, Bethlehem Pa. Honors and Awards: Phi Beta Kappa (1983) Fellow, Geological Society of America (1998) JOI/USSAC Distinguished Lecturer (2000-2001) Goergen Award for Distinguished Achievement and Artistry in Undergraduate Teaching (2001) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2003) American Geophysical Union/Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Section Bullard Lecturer (2004) Fellow, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (2006-2007) Edward Peck Curtis Award for -
Uncorking the Bottle: What Triggered the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum Methane Release? Miriame
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, VOL. 16, NO. 6, PAGES 549-562, DECEMBER 2001 Uncorking the bottle: What triggered the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum methane release? MiriamE. Katz,• BenjaminS. Cramer,Gregory S. Mountain,2 Samuel Katz, 3 and KennethG. Miller,1,2 Abstract. The Paleocene/Eocenethermal maximum (PETM) was a time of rapid global warming in both marine and continentalrealms that has been attributed to a massivemethane (CH4) releasefrom marine gas hydrate reservoirs. Previously proposedmechanisms for thismethane release rely on a changein deepwatersource region(s) to increasewater temperatures rapidly enoughto trigger the massivethermal dissociationof gas hydratereservoirs beneath the seafloor.To establish constraintson thermaldissociation, we modelheat flow throughthe sedimentcolumn and showthe effectof the temperature changeon the gashydrate stability zone throughtime. In addition,we provideseismic evidence tied to boreholedata for methanerelease along portions of the U.S. continentalslope; the releasesites are proximalto a buriedMesozoic reef front. Our modelresults, release site locations, published isotopic records, and oceancirculation models neither confirm nor refute thermaldissociation as the triggerfor the PETM methanerelease. In the absenceof definitiveevidence to confirmthermal dissociation,we investigatean altemativehypothesis in which continentalslope failure resulted in a catastrophicmethane release.Seismic and isotopic evidence indicates that Antarctic source deepwater circulation and seafloor erosion caused slope retreatalong -
IODP-Industry Science Program Planning Committee Meeting
IODP-Industry Science Program Planning Committee Meeting Minutes 19-20 January, 2007 Houston, USA IIS-PPG Attendees: Richard Davies, Richard.Davies at durham.ac.uk, IIS-PPG Harry Doust, harrydoust at hotmail.com , IIS-PPG Andrew Pepper, apepper at hess.com, IIS-PPG (Host) Martin Perlmutter, mperlmutter at chevron.com, IIS-PPG Kurt Rudolph, kurt.w.rudolph at exxonmobil.com, IIS-PPG Ralph Stephen, rstephen at whoi.edu, IIS-PPG (Chair) Osamu Takano: takano-o at japex.co.jp, alternate for Yasuhiro Yamada: yama at electra.kumst.kyoto-u.ac.jp Yoshihiro Tsuji ,tsuji-yoshihiro at jogmec.go.jp, IIS-PPG Ex-Officio Attendees: Keir Becker, kbecker at rsmas.miami.edu , SPC Nobu Eguchi, science at iodp-mi-sapporo.org, IODP-MI Manik Talwani, mtalwani at iodp.org, IODP-MI Guests (*1st day only): *Michael Grecco, mgrecco at chevron.com - RPSEA *John Hopper, hopper at geo.tamu.edu, - Lead-PI on the Rifted Margins Mission Proposal Young-Joo Lee, yjl at kigam.re.kr , Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Div., Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) *Harm van Avendonk, harm at ig.utexas.edu - Lead-PI on BESACM Proposal IIS-PPG Regrets: Didier-Hubert Drapeau, didier-hubert.drapeau at totalfinaelf.com, IIS-PPG David Roberts, d.g.roberts at dsl.pipex.com, IIS-PPG Eugene Shinn, eshinn at usgs.gov, IIS-PPG Executive Summary This was the second meeting of the IODP/Industry Science Project Planning Group. To promote development of industry related drilling proposals, to facilitate communication, and to develop effective links between academic and industry scientists, we generated eight consensus statements at the meeting: IIS-PPG Consensus 0701-1: IISPPG is promoting the submission of two projects for the April 1/07 proposal deadline: 1) A South Atlantic rifted margins project which will be included in a rifted margins mission proposal. -
Modern and Ancient Hiatuses in the Pelagic Caps of Pacific Guyots and Seamounts and Internal Tides GEOSPHERE; V
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Modern and ancient hiatuses in the pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and internal tides GEOSPHERE; v. 11, no. 5 Neil C. Mitchell1, Harper L. Simmons2, and Caroline H. Lear3 1School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK doi:10.1130/GES00999.1 2School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, 129 O’Neill Building, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA 3School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK 10 figures CORRESPONDENCE: neil .mitchell@ manchester ABSTRACT landmasses were different. Furthermore, the maximum current is commonly .ac .uk more important locally than the mean current for resuspension and transport Incidences of nondeposition or erosion at the modern seabed and hiatuses of particles and thus for influencing the sedimentary record. The amplitudes CITATION: Mitchell, N.C., Simmons, H.L., and Lear, C.H., 2015, Modern and ancient hiatuses in the within the pelagic caps of guyots and seamounts are evaluated along with of current oscillations should therefore be of interest to paleoceanography, al- pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and paleotemperature and physiographic information to speculate on the charac- though they are not well known for the geological past. internal tides: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1590–1606, ter of late Cenozoic internal tidal waves in the upper Pacific Ocean. Drill-core Hiatuses in pelagic sediments of the deep abyssal ocean floor have been doi:10.1130/GES00999.1. and seismic reflection data are used to classify sediment at the drill sites as interpreted from sediment cores (Barron and Keller, 1982; Keller and Barron, having been accumulating or eroding or not being deposited in the recent 1983; Moore et al., 1978). -
Initial Transgressive Phase of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence of Extreme Sulfate Reduction
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 1995 Initial Transgressive Phase of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence of Extreme Sulfate Reduction Bjørn Buchardt University of Copenhagen Mary Anne Holmes University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Buchardt, Bjørn and Holmes, Mary Anne, "Initial Transgressive Phase of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence of Extreme Sulfate Reduction" (1995). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 62. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/62 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 51. INITIAL TRANSGRESSIVE PHASE OF LEG 144 GUYOTS: EVIDENCE OF EXTREME SULFATE REDUCTION1 Bjorn Buchardt2 and Mary Anne Holmes3 ABSTRACT The initial transgressive phase at the Leg 144 Guyots is characterized by a typical association of sedimentary facies (from bottom to top): in situ weathered volcanic rocks; variegated clays, partly pyritic; gray clay, pyritic, homogeneous, or mottled; black clay, peaty, laminated, or bioturbated; and marine argillaceous limestone. Site 877 at Wodejebato Guyot represents the typical development of the initial transgressive phase. The black clay is rich in organic carbon (up to 40%) and sulfur (up to 25%). -
The Palaeocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum Super Greenhouse
The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum super greenhouse: biotic and geochemical signatures, age models and mechanisms of global change A. SLUIJS1, G. J. BOWEN2, H. BRINKHUIS1, L. J. LOURENS3 & E. THOMAS4 1Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 3Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands 4Center for the Study of Global Change, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven CT 06520-8109, USA; also at Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA Abstract: The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a geologically brief episode of global warming associated with the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary, has been studied extensively since its discovery in 1991. The PETM is characterized by a globally quasi-uniform 5–8 8C warming and large changes in ocean chemistry and biotic response. The warming is associated with a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE), reflecting geologically rapid input of large amounts of isotopically light CO2 and/or CH4 into the exogenic (ocean–atmosphere) carbon pool. The biotic response on land and in the oceans was heterogeneous in nature and severity, including radiations, extinctions and migrations. Recently, several events that appear -
Tuesday, 10 September
Session 10.A Anthropocene: a rising and critical issue in Earth Science and Society (TUESDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER) ROOM 8 Earth Science Department Time ID Abstract title Authors The timing of key events in the human 13:30- 600 modification of rivers since the latest Martin Gibling 13:45 Pleistocene Deducing human impact on the environment 13:45- 650 via sedimentary DNA information from lake Ebuka Nwosu, Brauer Achim et al 14:00 Tiefer See NE Germany The ”bomb-peak” of the 1960’s recognized in a 14:00- 1109 thermal-spring-related “indoor”-travertine of Magdolna Virág, Andrea Mindszenty et al. 14:15 Budapest Integrated sedimentological and geochemical 14:15- 670 approach for the reconstruction of Elena Romano, Luisa Bergamin et al. 14:30 anthropogenic impact in the Augusta Harbor 14:30- Cost allocation among polluters: a legal and 785 Federico Peres, Philip Spadaro et al. 14:45 forensic analysis 14:45- 1803 Anthropogenic Beaches Systems Vincenzo Pascucci, Sergio Cappucci et al. 15:00 15:30- Massive benthic litter funnelled to deep sea by 1345 martina pierdomenico, daniele casalbore et al. 15:45 flash-flood generated hyperpycnal flows Heavy Metal Pollution of Sediments along the 15:45- 1772 Bioturbation Zone of Southern Laguna Lake, Bertrand Aldous Santillan, Decibel Eslava et al. 16:00 Philippines SKT: The 2.6 ka event and the birth of modern 16:00- 707 coastal systems (NW Sardinia, Mediterranean Stefano Andreucci, Daniele Sechi et al. 16:30 Sea) Climate variabilities and human activities in 16:30- 1074 northern Poland between 1000 B.C.E and 1500 Christin Lindemann, Florian Ott et al. -
3. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Site 865, Allison Guyot, Central Pacific Ocean: a Tropical Paleogene Reference Section1
Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 143 3. CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SITE 865, ALLISON GUYOT, CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN: A TROPICAL PALEOGENE REFERENCE SECTION1 Timothy J. Bralower2 and Jorg Mutterlose3 ABSTRACT A relatively expanded and largely complete upper Paleocene to lower Oligocene sequence was recovered from the pelagic cap overlying Allison Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains. The sequence consists of calcareous ooze with a high planktonic foraminifer content. Two separate holes (865B and 865C) were drilled with the advanced piston coring system. Samples from these holes have been the target of intensive calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigations. Calcareous nannofossils are moderately well preserved and diverse throughout the sequence recovered, which extends from nannofossil Zone CP3 to CPI 6. Our data show that unconformities occur in the uppermost lower Eocene and at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, correlating to part of Zones CPU and CP 12 and Zones CP 15 and CP 16, respectively. Most traditional zonal markers are present; however, the rarity of several of them, particularly discoasters, and the overgrowth of others, including species of Tribrachiatus, in the uppermost Paleocene and lower Eocene makes zonal subdivision of part of this sequence difficult. For this reason, more attention has been paid to establishing the precise ranges of nonzonal taxa. We were able to determine 142 zonal and nonzonal events in the Paleogene section by intensively sampling both holes (1-5 samples in each core section). Sample density increased toward the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Although the events are spread fairly evenly throughout the section, some of the most dramatic turnover occurs in the boundary and early Eocene interval. -
Warm Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous High-Latitude Sea-Surface Temperatures from the Southern Ocean
Clim. Past, 8, 215–226, 2012 www.clim-past.net/8/215/2012/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-8-215-2012 of the Past © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Warm Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous high-latitude sea-surface temperatures from the Southern Ocean H. C. Jenkyns1, L. Schouten-Huibers2, S. Schouten2, and J. S. Sinninghe Damste´2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK 2NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1790 Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands Correspondence to: H. C. Jenkyns ([email protected]) Received: 17 March 2011 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 20 April 2011 Revised: 6 December 2011 – Accepted: 14 December 2011 – Published: 2 February 2012 Abstract. Although a division of the Phanerozoic climatic 1 Introduction modes of the Earth into “greenhouse” and “icehouse” phases is widely accepted, whether or not polar ice developed dur- In order to understand Jurassic and Cretaceous climate, the ing the relatively warm Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods is reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures at high latitudes, still under debate. In particular, there is a range of iso- and their variation over different time scales, is of paramount topic and biotic evidence that favours the concept of discrete importance. A basic division of Phanerozoic climatic modes “cold snaps”, marked particularly by migration of certain into “icehouse” and “greenhouse” periods is now common- biota towards lower latitudes. Extension of the use of the place (Fischer, 1982). However, a number of authors have in- palaeotemperature proxy TEX86 back to the Middle Juras- voked transient icecaps as controls behind eustatic sea-level sic indicates that relatively warm sea-surface conditions (26– change during the Mesozoic greenhouse period (e.g.