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Contributions to the Art of Music in America by the Music Industries of Boston 1640 to 1936

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Contributions to the Art of Music in America by the Music Industries of Boston 1640 to 1936 I I I 1 i'ip I LIBRARY OF WELLES LEY COLLEGE PURCHASED FROM LIBRARY FUNDS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/contributionstoaOOayar Contributions to the Art of Music in America by the Music Industries of Boston 1640 to 1936 BENJAMIN CREHORE of Milton. Pioneer musical in- strument maker From a daguerreotype by courtesy of Vose and Sons Piano Company Contributions to the Art of Music in America by the Music Industries of Boston 1640 to 1936 By CHRISTINE MERRICK AYARS Master of Education in Music, Master of Science in Economic Research NEW YORK THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY 19 3 7 1 MAR 9 1944 Copyright 1937 by CHRISTINE M. AYARS Published January 1937 Printed in the United States of America 1 1 ^u To My Beloved Mother My Ever Faithful Friend and Helper Preface The original material obtained was written up in 1932 as a thesis for the degree of Master of Education in Music from Boston University School of Education and College of Music. As the writer has been asked a number of times how this sub- ject came to be selected, the following explanation may be of inter- est. The author was brought up in a home in which the history and progress of Boston had long been of interest. It was suggested to her that Boston, a musical centre from early times, had con- tributed greatly to the progress of music in the United States. That idea aroused her civic pride so that she looked into the subject and found that more or less had been written about Boston's performers of music, both vocal and instrumental, its conductors, and its com- posers. The field which seemed to have been covered only slightly and in a rather fragmentary way was the contribution to the advancement of the art of music made by Boston's music publishers, engravers and printers and instrument makers. There were some notable exceptions, such as the history of Jonas Chickering and of Chickering & Sons Company, and of Oliver Ditson Company, Inc. in William Arms Fisher's book Notes on Music in Old Boston. One Hundred and Fifty Years of Music Publishing in the United States had not yet appeared. As the writer had had training in research and had been connected with business as well as with music, the subject of this study made a strong appeal and she decided to see what could be discovered and recorded for the benefit of future historians. It seems as if the collection of the information from those who knew the facts was undertaken none too soon, since several notable contributors have already passed on. The work has been most interesting as one "find" has led to another. Undoubtedly further intensive search would reveal still other contributions and fill in some remaining gaps, but how much the results would repay the effort is a question. The material has now been revised to 1936 and the individual write-ups of all the present-day active concerns have been checked viii PREFACE over by them for correct presentation of all the material about each and inclusion of the essential facts. Other firms are listed from time to time in the Boston City Directories under the headings "Music Dealers and Publishers" and "Musical Instruments" or "Musical Instrument Manufactur- ing." They are not included in this volume, however, if the writer was unable to obtain information at least about the catalogs of the publishers or the type of instruments of the manufacturers. She felt that a mere statement of a firm's names, addresses, and length of time in business would add nothing of value to this study. The reader may feel at times that the space devoted to the concerns is not in line with their relative importance. Such dis- crepancies are due partly to the amount of information available and partly to the consideration that where information about firms no longer extant is not generally available the write-up should be more full in order to have this information on record. The author desires herewith to express her appreciation of the generous and hearty cooperation accorded her by all who have con- tributed to this volume, particularly the following: Mr. William Arms Fisher, Oliver Ditson Company, Inc.; Mr. Henry R. Austin, The Arthur P. Schmidt Co.; Mr. Charles A. White, White-Smith Music Publishing Company; Mr. W. Deane Preston, Jr., The B. F. Wood Co.; Mr. Elbridge W. Newton and Miss Helen Leavitt, Ginn & Company; Mrs. Frances Settle, Silver, Burdett and Company; Mr. Oscar C. Henning, M. O. Henning & Son; Mr. William T. Small and Mr. Norton T. Mullen, The John Worley Company; Mr. William E. Merrill, Secretary, New England Music Trades Association; Mr. Henry I. Tinkham, formerly of Chickering & Sons; Mr. A. M. Hume, A. M. Hume Company; Miss Margaret Connell, Historian, Chickering & Sons; Mr. Henry L. Mason, formerly of Mason & Hamlin; Mr. James Cole, formerly of James Cole; Mr. Norman Jacobsen, Hook and Hastings Co.; Mr. Ernest M. Skinner, Aeolian-Skinner Organ Company, Inc. ; Mr. Leslie H. Frazee and Mr. Harry U. Camp, Frazee Organ Company; Mr. William Gibbs; Mr. Erik Gould, John A. Gould & Sons; Mr. A. J. Oettinger, Musicians' Supply Company; Mr. Beal, Weeman, Beal & Holmberg; Dr. Dayton C. Miller, Case School of Applied Sci- ence; Mrs. William S. Haynes, William S. Haynes Company; Mr. William S. Haynes, Junior, Haynes-Schwelm Company; Mr. Harry PREFACE ix Bettoney, The Cundy-Bettoney Company; Mr. Thomas M. Carter, Carter's Band; Mr. Richard G. Appel, Music Department, Boston Public Library; Mr. William B. Goodwin, organ builder of Lowell, Massachusetts; Mr. Richard P. Law, Music Supervisor; Mr. A. C. Foster, Organ Blower Co.; Mr. Francis E. Appleton; Mr. Henry C. Lahee, Boston Musical Bureau; Mr. Edward Bailey Birge, Professor of Music, Indiana University; and Catalogue of the Stearns Collec- tion of Musical Instruments, University of Michigan. CONTENTS Introduction Page Aim of This Study 1 Sources of Information 1 Part I. Music Publishing—Vocal and Instrumental A. The Pioneers and Early Publishers—Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 3 The Bay Psalm Book - Rev. John Tufts - Rev. Thomas Walter - Josiah Flagg - William Billings - Early sheet music B. Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Publishers Out of Existence 7 Peter Albrecht von Hagen, Sr. and Jr. - Francis Mallet - Johann Christian Gottlieb Graupner - H. Mann - Charles Bradlee - Col- onel Samuel H. Parker - The umbrella dealer publishers - Charles Edward Horn - Eben H. Wade - Elias Howe, Jr. - George P. Reed - Nathan Richardson - G. D. Russell - Joseph M. Russell - Jean White - Koppitz & Pruefer - L. A. Blanchard - George W. Stratton - White & Goullaud - John F. Perry - E. A. Samuels - Thompson & Odell - Damm & Gay - Whipple Music Co. - Louis H. Ross - H. B. Stevens & Co. - E. C. Ramsdell - Bates & Bendix - J. B. Millet Co. - Miles & Thompson and C. W. Thomp- son & Co. - William H. Gerrish - Herbert F. Odell - Ernest S. Williams - Wa Wan Press - Riker, Brown and Wellington, Inc. C. Present Day Publishers 1. General Music Publishers 28 Oliver Ditson Company, Inc. - White-Smith Music Publishing Company - The Arthur P. Schmidt Co. - The Boston Music Com- pany and G. Schirmer, Inc. - The B. F. Wood Music Company - C. C. Birchard & Co. - Carl Fischer, Inc. - E. C. Schirmer Music Company 2. Educational Music Publishers 54 Start and early development of public school music - Ginn & Company - Silver, Burdett and Company - D. C. Heath & Com- pany - American Book Company 3. Special Music Publishers a. Vocal and Pianoforte 69 Charles W. Homeyer & Co., Inc. xii CONTENTS b. Church Music 69 The Parish Choir - McLaughlin & Reilly Company c. Instrumental—Chiefly Band and Orchestral 71 The Cundy-Bettoney Company - Walter Jacobs, Inc. - Geo. B. Stone & Son, Inc. d. Tracy Music Library, Inc 76 D. Music Journals and House Organs 1. Music Journals 78 2. House Organs 85 Part II. Music Engraving and Printing A. Methods 1. Early Engraving and Printing 87 2. Present Music Engraving and Printing 88 3. Present Music Topography 90 B. Engravers 1. A Family of Earlier Engravers—The Schlimpers 91 2. Present Day Engraving Firms 91 White-Smith Music Publishing Company - M. O. Henning & Son - Manicke & Dellmuth C. Music Printers 1. Some Nineteenth Century Music Printers 94 Kidder & Wright - W. H. Oakes - Andrew B. Kidder - Edward L. Balch - J. A. Cummings & Co. - Giles & Gould - Lenfest & Anderson - Samuel W. Blair 2. Present Day Music Printers 96 White-Smith Music Publishing Company - John Worley Com- pany - Stanhope Press (F. H. Gilson Company) Part III. Instrument Making A. Pianoforte Makers 1. Importance in the Pianoforte Industry of Massachusetts Manufacturers as Shown by United States Census Figures of 1860, 1927 and 1931 99 2. European Predecessors 102 CONTENTS xiii 3. Beginnings of the Pianoforte Industry in the United States . 104 John Harris - Samuel Blyth - Benjamin Crehore - William and Adam Bent - Lewis Babcock - Hayts, Babcock & Appleton - Alpheus Babcock - Francis Shaw - John Osborn - John Dwight - Timothy and Lemuel Gilbert - Ebenezer R. Currier - Start of pianoforte tuning by the blind 4. Present Day Manufacturers Ill Jonas Chickering and his early affiliations - Chickering & Sons - Vose & Sons Piano Company - Henry F. Miller Piano Company - Ivers & Pond Piano Company - Mason & Hamlin Company - Poole Piano Company - M. Steinert & Sons Company, Inc. B. Organ Manufacturers 1. Importance in the Industry of Massachusetts Organ Manu- facturers as Shown by United States Census Figures of I860, 1905, 1921, 1927 and 1931 131 2. Reed Organs a. Early Development 135 b. Mason & Hamlin's Contribution 136 3. Early Organ Building a. Beginnings : 140 Early imported organs - Edward Bromfield - Thomas Johnston - Adam and John Geib - William M. Goodrich - Ebenezer Good- rich - Thomas Appleton b.
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