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Bulletin 64, Trap Rock Minerals of New Jersey, 1960

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Bulletin 64, Trap Rock Minerals of New Jersey, 1960 I, • • - •,q : BULLETIN 64 , @ .......... TRAP ROCK MINERALS "_"..... " OF NEW JERSEY 7 • -- by BmAr,r H. Mason Curator of Physical Geology and Mineralogy The American Museum of Natural History State of New Jersey Department of Conservation and Ecoimmic Development SALVATOBE A. BONTEMPO, Commissioner ,., _ Division of Planning and Development • ':'-" _" _" " ' _' _ KENNETH H. CREVELLNG, Director Bureau of Geology and Topography KF.._SLE XVm._ER, State Geologist TBENTON, NEW JERSEY 1960 NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 1 J!'\TRODUCTION 1 GEOLOGICAL SETIING 2 pARAGENESIS 4 LocAu~rES 7 THE ZEOLITE GROUP 10 DESCRIPTIONS OF MIN"ERALS 14 Elements 15 Sulphides 16 Oxides and hydroxides 19 Carbonates and borates 20 Sulphates 22 Phosphates 25 Silicates 25 Discredited and unconfirmed occurrences 49 REFERENCES 50 ,. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE l. ~lap showing the distribution of the New Jersey trap rocks. Fold out at back FIGURE 2. Radiating tabular crystals of anhydrite partly replaced by thau­ masite; New Street Quarry, Paterson, N.j. (A~INH No. 18199). 11 FIGURE 3. Rhomboidal cavity in quartz, after glauberite; the small white cry.~tals are stilbitc; \Vest Paterson, N.j. (A~INH No. 18213). 11 FIGL'HE 4. Quartz pseudomorphs after glauberite; the small white crystals are stilbite; New Street Quarry, Paterson, N.J. (A~INH No. !8027 ). !2 FIGURE 5. That1masite (white), pseudomorphous after anhydrite; New Street Quarry, Paterson, N.J. (A~INH No. 18221). 12 fiGUHE 6. Analcime, in tmpezohcdrnl crystals; Bergen Hill, N.J. (AMNH No. !3!06). 28 fiGUHE 7. Chabazite crystals, large and small; West Paterson, N.J. (AMNH No. !303! ). ... ...... ............ .. .... ...... 28 FIGURE R. Heulandite ( larp;e prismatic crystals) with stilbite (smaller sheaf- like af:!grc~atcs); Paterson, N.J. (A~viNH 1\:o. 31941). 29 fiGURE 9. Thomsonite in an agg-regate of radiating platy crystals; Paterson, N.j. (A~INH No. !75!5). 29 fiGUHE !0. Stellate groupings of laumontite crystals, with cuboidal apophyl- lite crystals; Paterson, N.J. (A~1NH No. 12960). 32 FIGURE !!. Prismatic crystals of natrolite, on small analcite crystals; Bergen H;I!, N.j. (A'-INH No. !3!57). 34 FIGURE 12. Radiating needle-like crystals of mesolite, on calcite; \Vest Pater- son, N.J. (A~fNH No. 17544), 36 FIGURE 13. Apophyllite crystals; Great Notch, N.J. (Ah·1NH No. 18553). .. 37 FIGURE 14. Pale green prehnite"'(white incrustation is calcite); the prehnitc formed around tabular <lnhydrite crystals, which were later dis­ solved, leaving rectangular cavities; Paterson, N.j. (AMNH No. 3!256). 39 FtGURE 15. Pectolite, in radiating groups of terminated crystals; Bergen Hill, N.J. (A,INH No. 9833). 40 FIGUHE 16. Hemispherical aggregates of pectolite crystals, up to four inches in dinmeter; white interstitinl material is thaumasite; \Vest Pater- son, N.j. (A~INH No. 3!940). 4! NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FIGURE 17. Rosette-like groupings of dark green babingtonite crystals on calcite; Great Notch, N.J. (A~INH No. 17725). 43 THE MINERALS OF THE NEW JERSEY TRAP ROCKS by Brian H. Mason Curator of Physical Geology and Mineralogy The American Museum of Natural History Abstract The trap rocks of New Jersey are intrusive into and interbedded with Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Newark Series. In many places these rocks contain fine specimens of zeolites and other secondary minerals. This paper gives a brief description of the geological setting and paragenesis of these minerals, followed by individual descriptions. The following minerals are described: actinolite, albite, allanite, anal­ cime, apatite, anhydrite, apophyllite, aurichalcite, axinite, azurite, babingtonite, bornite, barite, calcite, chabazite, chalcocite, chalcopy­ rite, chlorite, chrysocolla, copper, covellite, cuprite, datolite, dolomite, epidote, galena, glauberite, goethite, gmelinite, greenockite, gypsum, hematite, heulandite, hornblende, laumontite, malachite, mesolite, natrolite, opal, orpiment, orthoclase, pectolite, prehnite, pumpellyite, pyrite, pyrolusite, quartz, scolecite, siderite, silver, sphalerite, sphene, stevensite, stilbite, stilpnomelane, talc, thaumasite, thomsonite, tour­ maline, ulexite. Occurrences of the following minerals are discredited or unconfirmed: allophane, aragonite, arfvedsonite, chloanthite, chry­ sotile, deweylite, epistilbite, erythrite, fluorite, genthite, kaolinite, magnesite, rhodochrosite, serpentine. Introduction The trap rocks of northern New Jersey have been famous among mineralogists for over a century because of the variety and beauty of the zeolites and associated minerals found therein. As early as 1822 Nutall recorded prehnite, natrolite, chabazite, stilbite, and datolite from Paterson. Railroad construction, beginning in the 1830's, resulted in numerous cuttings in the Palisades diabase of Bergen Hill, near Jersey City, which produced good specimens in abundance. In 1840 Bourne described calcite, stilbite, pyrite, heulandite, laumontite, preh­ nite, datolite, analcime, natrolite, apophyllite, chabazite, sphalerite, and galena from railroad cuts in Bergen Hill. Later in the nineteenth century the demand for crushed rock in the northern New Jersey area led to the opening of numerous quarries both in the Palisades diabase 1 NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2 TRAP RocK MINERALS GEOLOGICAL SETTING 3 and in the thick basalt sheets of the Watchung Mountains. From these these rocks form topographic highs that favor quarry face openings, quarries a wealth and variety of beautiful. mineral specimens were especially in the Watchung Mountains. Coupled with access to the obtained, and thanks to the efforts of collectors and dealers these existing traffic pattern of the railroads of the early 20th Century, most specimens ~ave enriched museum and private mineral coll~ctions of the quarries were developed along the first of the three Watchungs throughout the world. To the mineralogist the New Jersey trap rocks and still remain there, but some were also operating in the Palisades rank with similar occurrences in Nova Scotia, Iceland, and the Deccan Sill in the Jersey City area early in the century and in the Sourland of India for the quality and variety of their zeolites and associated and Rocky Hill intrusives of west-central New Jersey. The extensive minerals. industrialization of New Jersey, the development of the greatest high­ The literature on the minerals of the New Jersey trap rocks is ex­ way network of any state in the union, and the continuing battle tensive. Most of the recent papers, and th<' more important of the against beach erosion of its 125 miles of sandy shore, has resulted older publications, are listed in the references accompanying this in ever-increasing amounts of trap quarried in the state, despite zoning bulletin. A very complete bibliography of publications up to 1931 restrictions and the encroachment of residential districts into favorable and lists of minerals for each locality, form part of Manchester's book outcrop areas. 'The Minerals of New York City and Its Environs" published by the "The basalt flows crop out in three ridges called the First, Second New York Mineralogical Club in 1931. This book is now out of print. and Third Watchung Mountains. The basalts of the ridges are sep­ A :ater publication which contains a great deal of general information arated stratigraphically by sandstone and shales of the upper Newark and excellent illustrations is "The Crystal Cavities of the New Jersey group of Late Triassic ( Karnic) age, and similar sediments also over­ Zeolite Region" by W. T. Schaller (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin lie the basalt of the third ridge. The flows and interbedded sediments 83Z, 1932). I form a canoe-shaped syncline and are cut off by the "border fault" that separates the Triassic piedmont from the pre-Cambrian terrain The location of many of the older quarries which were worked in .,I the early years of this century are marked on the maps of the Passaic, to the northwest (see map, Fig. l). Raritan, and Trenton folios of the Geologic Atlas of the United States i "Although each of the ridges consists of multiple flows, there are (published by the U.S. Geological Survey, but now out of print). only slight differences in the composition of the various sheets (Lewis, The locations of working quarries are marked on the current quad­ 1906, 1907). In areas that have been sampled or drilled, as many rangle maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey; the relevant as four zones of amygdaloidal basalt have been encountered, marking quadrangles are (from north to south): Paterson, Orange,, Caldwell, the tops of flows. As might be expected, the tops of the flows or the Roselle, Chatham, Bernardsville, Bound Brook;, Monmouth· Junction, zones of vesicular trap roll considerably, and each individual flow Stockton, Pennington, and Lambertville. Loca'tions are also shown does not have nearly the lateral continuity that previous investigators on the New Jersey State Atlas sheets #22 through #28. anticipated. Ropy How-structures are a common feature at the upper surface of the various flows, and considerable brecciation may be seen at the contacts. Except for the vesicular zones which are glassy and Geological Setting filled with a variety of secondary minerals, the rocks are generally line The geological setting of the New Jersey trap rocks (Fig. 1) was granular to aphanitic. Rarely there are visible phenocrysts in a dense described by Johnson ( 1957) as follows: ground mass. Occasional beds of red-colored tuffs have been encoun­
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