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Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Work
Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Work The Economics of Artifi cial Intelligence National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report The Economics of Artifi cial Intelligence: An Agenda Edited by Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2019 by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations in critical articles and reviews. For more information, contact the University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637. Published 2019 Printed in the United States of America 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-61333-8 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-61347-5 (e-book) DOI: https:// doi .org / 10 .7208 / chicago / 9780226613475 .001 .0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Agrawal, Ajay, editor. | Gans, Joshua, 1968– editor. | Goldfarb, Avi, editor. Title: The economics of artifi cial intelligence : an agenda / Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, editors. Other titles: National Bureau of Economic Research conference report. Description: Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2019. | Series: National Bureau of Economic Research conference report | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2018037552 | ISBN 9780226613338 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780226613475 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Artifi cial intelligence—Economic aspects. Classifi cation: LCC TA347.A78 E365 2019 | DDC 338.4/ 70063—dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn .loc .gov / 2018037552 ♾ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/ NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). -
The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth-Century Western Europe
The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth-Century Western Europe The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Maier, Charles S. 1981. The two postwar eras and the conditions for stability in twentieth-century Western Europe. American Historical Review 86(2): 327-352. Published Version doi:10.2307/1857441 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4727674 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA AHR Forum The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentleth-CenturyWestern Europe CHARLES S. MAIER BROADCASTING over the BBC in November 1945, A. J. P. Taylor assured his lis- teners, "Nobody in Europe believes in the American way of life-that is, in pri- vate enterprise; or rather those who believe in it are a defeated party and a party which seems to have no more future than the Jacobites in England after 1688. "I Taylor proved to be wrong, or at least premature, about the end of pri- vate enterprise. The question here is why, at least in Western Europe, there was less transformation than he envisaged. Posed in broader terms, how did Western Europe achieve political and social stability by the mid-twentieth century after two great, destructive wars and the intervening upheaval. Historians often treat stability as a passive coming to rest or a societal inertia that requires no explanation. -
2020-Commencement-Program.Pdf
One Hundred and Sixty-Second Annual Commencement JUNE 19, 2020 One Hundred and Sixty-Second Annual Commencement 11 A.M. CDT, FRIDAY, JUNE 19, 2020 2982_STUDAFF_CommencementProgram_2020_FRONT.indd 1 6/12/20 12:14 PM UNIVERSITY SEAL AND MOTTO Soon after Northwestern University was founded, its Board of Trustees adopted an official corporate seal. This seal, approved on June 26, 1856, consisted of an open book surrounded by rays of light and circled by the words North western University, Evanston, Illinois. Thirty years later Daniel Bonbright, professor of Latin and a member of Northwestern’s original faculty, redesigned the seal, Whatsoever things are true, retaining the book and light rays and adding two quotations. whatsoever things are honest, On the pages of the open book he placed a Greek quotation from the Gospel of John, chapter 1, verse 14, translating to The Word . whatsoever things are just, full of grace and truth. Circling the book are the first three whatsoever things are pure, words, in Latin, of the University motto: Quaecumque sunt vera whatsoever things are lovely, (What soever things are true). The outer border of the seal carries the name of the University and the date of its founding. This seal, whatsoever things are of good report; which remains Northwestern’s official signature, was approved by if there be any virtue, the Board of Trustees on December 5, 1890. and if there be any praise, The full text of the University motto, adopted on June 17, 1890, is think on these things. from the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians, chapter 4, verse 8 (King James Version). -
Transformation Solutions, Unlocking Value for Clients
CEO Study Telecom Implementations Chris Pearson Global Business Consulting Industry Leader 21.11.2008 1 IBM Telecom Industry Agenda . CEO Study – Enterprise of the Future . IBM’s view of the Telecom market . IP Economy . The Change agenda . World is becoming Smarter 2 Storm Warning | ZA Lozinski | Clouds v0.0 - September 2008 | IBM Confidential © 2008 IBM Corporation We spoke toIBM 1,130 Telecom CEOs Industry and conducted in-depth analyses to identify the characteristics of the Enterprise of the Future How are organizations addressing . New and changing customers – changes at the end of the value chain . Global integration – changes within the value chain . Business model innovation – their response to these changes Scope and Approach: 1,130 CEOs and Public Sector Leaders . One-hour interviews using a structured questionnaire . 78% Private and 22% Public Sector . Representative sample across 32 industries . 33% Asia, 36% EMEA, 31% Americas . 80% Established and 20% Emerging Economies Analysis: Quantitative and Qualitative . Respondents’ current behavior, investment patterns and future intent . Choices made by financial outperformers . Multivariate analysis to identify clusters of responses . Selective case studies of companies that excel in specific areas 3 Storm Warning | ZA Lozinski | Clouds v0.0 - September 2008 | IBM Confidential © 2008 IBM Corporation IBM Telecom Industry The Enterprise of the Future is . 1 2 3 4 5 Hungry Innovative Globally Disruptive Genuine, for beyond integrated by not just change customer nature generous imagination 4 Storm Warning | ZA Lozinski | Clouds v0.0 - September 2008 | IBM Confidential © 2008 IBM Corporation Telecom CEOsIBM Telecom anticipate Industry more change ahead; are adjusting business models; investing in innovation and new capabilities Telecom CEOs : Hungry . -
MID-ATLANTIC DISTRICT USA/Canada Region
MID-ATLANTIC DISTRICT USA/Canada Region 2019 SIXTY-SECOND AND ONE HUNDRED–TWELFTH ANNUAL ASSEMBLY JOURNAL SESSION HELD AT ELLICOTT CITY, MARYLAND APRIL 6 – 7, 2019 Our Shared Mission To advance the ministry of Jesus Christ. Our Shared Vision Compelled by God we ARE a movement of people who passionately live the story of Jesus Christ Our Core Values Spiritual Formation Leadership Development Congregational Vitality Missional Expansion Stewardship Advancement Our Principles for Ministry Re-thinking Mental Models to develop versatile and adaptable congregations Reproducing and Multiplying disciples, pastors and leaders Partnering and Collaborating with churches and groups outside the local congregation to experience the movement of God Moving with God now Sixty-Second & One Hundred-Twelfth Annual Assembly Journal of the Mid-Atlantic District Church of the Nazarene Session held at Ellicott City, Maryland April 6 - 7, 2019 Dr. David A. Busic Dr. David W. Bowser General Superintendent District Superintendent SESSIONS OF THE WASHINGTON / MID-ATLANTIC DISTRICT ASSEMBLY The original Washington District was organized in 1907 following the union of the eastern and western branches of the Holiness movements into the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene in Chicago, IL. The First District Assembly of the original Washington District was held on April 30, 1908, at Harrington, Del, with Dr. P.F. Breese as the presiding general superintendent; Rev. H. B. Hosley as district superintendent; and Rev. Bessie Larkin as district secretary. At that time there were only five churches: Bowens, MD; Harrington, DE; Hollywood, MD; Washington, DC 2nd Church; and the largest, John Wesley Church in Washington, DC. The new district had a total membership of 418. -
The Stagflation Crisis and the European Automotive Industry, 1973-85
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diposit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona The stagflation crisis and the European automotive industry, 1973-85 Jordi Catalan (Universitat de Barcelona) The dissemination of Fordist techniques in Western Europe during the golden age of capitalism led to terrific rates of auto production growth and massive motorization. However, since the late 1960s this process showed signs of exhaustion because demand from the lowest segments began to stagnate. Moreover, during the seventies, the intensification of labour conflicts, the multiplication of oil prices and the strengthened competitiveness of Japanese rivals in the world market significantly squeezed profits of European car assemblers. Key companies from the main producer countries, such as British Leyland, FIAT, Renault and SEAT, recorded huge losses and were forced to restructure. The degree of success in coping with the stagflation crisis depended on two groups of factors. On the one hand, successful survival depended on strategies followed by the firms to promote economies of scale and scope, process and product innovation, related diversification, internationalization and, sometimes, changes of ownership. On the other hand, firms benefited from long-term path-dependent growth in their countries of origin’s industrial systems. Indeed, two of the main winners of the period, Toyota and Volkswagen, can rightly be seen as outstanding examples of Confucian and Rhine capitalism. Both types of coordinated capitalism contributed to the success of their main car assemblers during the stagflation slump. However, since then, global convergence with Anglo-Saxon capitalism may have eroded some of the institutional bases of their strength. -
BONNIER ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Table of Contents
BONNIER ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Table of Contents Board of Directors’ Report 3 Consolidated Income Statements 12 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 12 Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 13 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 15 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow 16 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 17 The Parent Company’s Income Statements 42 The Parent Company’s Statements of Comprehensive Income 42 The Parent Company’s Balance Sheets 43 The Parent Company’s Statements of Changes in Equity 44 The Parent Company’s Statements of Cash Flow 44 Notes to the Parent Company’s Financial Statements 45 Auditor’s Report 55 Multi-year Summary 57 Annual Report for the financial year January 1- December 31, 2017 The Board of Directors and the CEO of Bonnier AB, Corporate Registration No. 556508-3663, herewith submit the following annual report and consolidated financial statements on pages 3-54. Translation from the Swedish original BONNIER AB ANNUAL REPORT 2017 2 Board of Directors’ Report The Board of Directors and the CEO of Bonnier AB, corporate reg- Books includes the Group’s book businesses. It includes Bon- istration no. 556508-3663, herewith submit the annual report and nierförlagen, Adlibris, Pocket Shop, Bonnier Media Deutschland, consolidated financial statements for the 2017 financial year. Bonnier Publishing in England, Bonnier Books in Finland, Akateeminen (Academic Bookstore) in Finland, 50% in Cappelen The Group’s business area and Damm in Norway and BookBeat. 2017 was a year of contrasts, Bonnier is a media group with companies in TV, daily newspapers, where above all the German and Swedish publishers continued to business media, magazines, film production, books, e-commerce perform strongly, while physical retail had a challenging year. -
Nuclear-Political' Crisis the Chernobyl Disaster and Radioactive Fallout in Germany
Contemporary Crises 14: 285-311, 1990. © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Politics and administration during a 'nuclear-political' crisis The Chernobyl disaster and radioactive fallout in Germany ROLAND CZADA Department of Political and Administrative Sciences, University of Konstanz, FRG Abstract. How do public agencies and governments cope with large-scale hazards if they cannot rely on specific laws, previous experience or governmental directions. National and local authorities in West Germany were completely surprised by nuclear fallout from the Chernobyl reactor blaze in 1986. This article describes and analyzes local, regional and national administrative reactions. Attempts by local and state administrators to preserve their freedom of action were confronted with national-level attempts to centralize and coordinate crisis decision making. Many local and regional bodies had to cope with citizen protests and attempts at self-regulation organized by autonomous radiological experts and amplified by the mass media. There was a marked lack of uniformity in government responses to the crisis. This was only in part due to the pervasive uncertainty and the lack of preparedness. Problems of inter-administrative coordination always occur when decentralized political responsibilities meet with geographically extensive threats. The paper is commented on by Klaus König, professor of Government and former advisor to the West German chancellor. Introduction On Saturday 26 April, 1986, the fourth block of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 120 km north of the Ukranian capital Kiev, got out of control. The reactor building exploded and the reactor-core melted down during the following days. Hundreds of tons of radioactive graphite-dust were released. -
Old Joe Autumn 2015
OLDJOETHE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM’S ALUMNI AND FRIENDS MAGAZINE Autumn 2015 The time lords Giving birth to hope Creativity close up 2 OLD JOE THE FIRST WORD The firstword This special edition of Old Joe magazine celebrates something truly extraordinary; GUEST EDITOR the University’s pioneering Circles of Influence fundraising campaign raising Each year Birmingham has many an astounding £193,426,877.47 million. reasons to celebrate, and this year Circles of Influence substantially has been no different. The Circles exceeded its £160 million target to of Influence campaign has officially become the largest charitable campaign raised £193.4 million, funding outside Oxford, London, and Cambridge, extraordinary projects on campus, and this was only possible through the locally and globally (page 8). kindness and generosity of our donors I am honoured to represent the and volunteers. University by graduating as its From completing the Aston Webb semi-circle with the Bramall Music Building symbolic 300,000th alumna (page to funding life-saving cancer research, the campaign has left a wonderful legacy 36). Being part of this momentous to the University and the impact of donors’ gifts will be felt for years to come. From occasion has been a fantastic way to our very conception as England’s first civic university more than a century ago, end my three years as an Birmingham has been founded through philanthropy and our donors’ generosity is undergraduate. I have thoroughly keeping that vision strong. enjoyed my time here. Inside this magazine, you can read how our extraordinary campaign has changed During my final year I was treasurer thousands of people’s lives, and learn more about some of the exciting new areas of the Women in Finance society, so addressing society’s biggest challenges where our fundraising will now focus, it was inspiring to read alumna Billie from saving mothers’ lives in Africa to innovative new cancer treatments. -
Plenarprotokoll 16/220
Plenarprotokoll 16/220 Deutscher Bundestag Stenografischer Bericht 220. Sitzung Berlin, Donnerstag, den 7. Mai 2009 Inhalt: Glückwünsche zum Geburtstag der Abgeord- ter und der Fraktion DIE LINKE: neten Walter Kolbow, Dr. Hermann Scheer, Bundesverantwortung für den Steu- Dr. h. c. Gernot Erler, Dr. h. c. Hans ervollzug wahrnehmen Michelbach und Rüdiger Veit . 23969 A – zu dem Antrag der Abgeordneten Dr. Erweiterung und Abwicklung der Tagesord- Barbara Höll, Dr. Axel Troost, nung . 23969 B Dr. Gregor Gysi, Oskar Lafontaine und der Fraktion DIE LINKE: Steuermiss- Absetzung des Tagesordnungspunktes 38 f . 23971 A brauch wirksam bekämpfen – Vor- handene Steuerquellen erschließen Tagesordnungspunkt 15: – zu dem Antrag der Abgeordneten Dr. a) Erste Beratung des von den Fraktionen der Barbara Höll, Wolfgang Nešković, CDU/CSU und der SPD eingebrachten Ulla Lötzer, weiterer Abgeordneter Entwurfs eines Gesetzes zur Bekämp- und der Fraktion DIE LINKE: Steuer- fung der Steuerhinterziehung (Steuer- hinterziehung bekämpfen – Steuer- hinterziehungsbekämpfungsgesetz) oasen austrocknen (Drucksache 16/12852) . 23971 A – zu dem Antrag der Abgeordneten b) Beschlussempfehlung und Bericht des Fi- Christine Scheel, Kerstin Andreae, nanzausschusses Birgitt Bender, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE – zu dem Antrag der Fraktionen der GRÜNEN: Keine Hintertür für Steu- CDU/CSU und der SPD: Steuerhin- erhinterzieher terziehung bekämpfen (Drucksachen 16/11389, 16/11734, 16/9836, – zu dem Antrag der Abgeordneten Dr. 16/9479, 16/9166, 16/9168, 16/9421, Volker Wissing, Dr. Hermann Otto 16/12826) . 23971 B Solms, Carl-Ludwig Thiele, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion der Lothar Binding (Heidelberg) (SPD) . 23971 D FDP: Steuervollzug effektiver ma- Dr. Hermann Otto Solms (FDP) . 23973 A chen Eduard Oswald (CDU/CSU) . -
Cairncross Review a Sustainable Future for Journalism
THE CAIRNCROSS REVIEW A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR JOURNALISM 12 TH FEBRUARY 2019 Contents Executive Summary 5 Chapter 1 – Why should we care about the future of journalism? 14 Introduction 14 1.1 What kinds of journalism matter most? 16 1.2 The wider landscape of news provision 17 1.3 Investigative journalism 18 1.4 Reporting on democracy 21 Chapter 2 – The changing market for news 24 Introduction 24 2.1 Readers have moved online, and print has declined 25 2.2 Online news distribution has changed the ways people consume news 27 2.3 What could be done? 34 Chapter 3 – News publishers’ response to the shift online and falling revenues 39 Introduction 39 3.1 The pursuit of digital advertising revenue 40 Case Study: A Contemporary Newsroom 43 3.2 Direct payment by consumers 48 3.3 What could be done 53 Chapter 4 – The role of the online platforms in the markets for news and advertising 57 Introduction 57 4.1 The online advertising market 58 4.2 The distribution of news publishers’ content online 65 4.3 What could be done? 72 Cairncross Review | 2 Chapter 5 – A future for public interest news 76 5.1 The digital transition has undermined the provision of public-interest journalism 77 5.2 What are publishers already doing to sustain the provision of public-interest news? 78 5.3 The challenges to public-interest journalism are most acute at the local level 79 5.4 What could be done? 82 Conclusion 88 Chapter 6 – What should be done? 90 Endnotes 103 Appendix A: Terms of Reference 114 Appendix B: Advisory Panel 116 Appendix C: Review Methodology 120 Appendix D: List of organisations met during the Review 121 Appendix E: Review Glossary 123 Appendix F: Summary of the Call for Evidence 128 Introduction 128 Appendix G: Acknowledgements 157 Cairncross Review | 3 Executive Summary Executive Summary “The full importance of an epoch-making idea is But the evidence also showed the difficulties with often not perceived in the generation in which it recommending general measures to support is made.. -
ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Table of Contents
ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Table of Contents Board of Directors’ Report 3 Consolidated Income Statements 9 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 9 Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 10 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 12 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow 13 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 14 The Parent Company’s Income Statements 43 The Parent Company’s Statements of Comprehensive Income 43 The Parent Company’s Balance Sheets 44 The Parent Company’s Statements of Changes in Equity 45 The Parent Company’s Statements of Cash Flow 45 Notes to the Parent Company’s Financial Statements 46 Auditor’s Report 56 Multi-year Summary 58 Translation from the Swedish original bonnier group ab annual report 2020 2 Board of Directors’ Report The Board of Directors and the CEO of Bonnier Group AB, corporate Development of the operations, financial position and registration no. 556576-7463, herewith submit the annual report profit or loss (Group) and consolidated financial statements for the 2020 financial year on pages 3-57. SEK million (unless stated otherwise) 2020 2019 Net sales 20,130 20,240 The Group’s business area and business model EBITA1) 945 -48 Bonnier Group AB is a parent company in a media group with Operating profit/loss 1,002 -140 companies in daily newspapers, business media, magazines, film Net financial items 1,096 -61 production, books, e-commerce and digital media and services. The Profit/loss before tax 2,098 -201 Group conducts operations in 12 countries with its base in the Nor- Profit/loss for the year 2,114 2,657 dic countries and operations in the United States, Germany, United EBITA margin 4.7% -0.2% Kingdom and Eastern Europe.