UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Arquitetura - PROARQ

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Arquitetura - PROARQ UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura - PROARQ O USO DO COMPUTADOR NO ENSINO DE PROJETO DE ARQUITETURA: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA PRODUÇÃO DOS SEMINÁRIOS SIGraDI E PROJETAR ANDRÉ TIANI Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Arquitetura, Linha de Pesquisa Ensino de Arquitetura. Orientador: Prof. Paulo Afonso Rheingantz, D. Sc Co-orientador: Prof. Naylor Vilas Boas, D. Sc Rio de Janeiro. Março de 2008. Tiani, André. O Uso do Computador no Ensino de Projeto de Arquitetura: análise crítica da produção dos seminários SIGraDI e PROJETAR / André Tiani - Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ/ FAU, 2007. xviii, 213 f.: il.; 29,7 cm. Orientador: Paulo Afonso Rheingantz Co-orientador: Naylor Vilas Boas Dissertação – UFRJ/ PROARQ/ Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura, 2007. Referências Bibliográficas: f.186-200. 1. Projeto de Arquitetura 2. Ensino 3. Seminários SIGraDI e PROJETAR. I. Rheingantz, Paulo Afonso II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura. III. Título. O USO DO COMPUTADOR NO ENSINO DE PROJETO DE ARQUITETURA: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA PRODUÇÃO DOS SEMINÁRIOS SIGraDI E PROJETAR André Tiani Paulo Afonso Rheingantz – Orientador Naylor Vilas Boas – Co-orientador Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – PROARQ- FAU/UFRJ como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Arquitetura na Linha de Pesquisa Ensino de Arquitetura. Aprovado por: _______________________________________________________________________ Presidente, Prof. Paulo Afonso Rheingantz, Doutor, Orientador (PROARQ/ FAU-FRJ). _______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Naylor Vilas Boas, Doutor, Co-orientador (PROURB/ FAU-UFRJ). _______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Guilherme Lassance, Doutor (PROARQ/ FAU-UFRJ). _______________________________________________________________________ Prof. José Barki, Doutor (PROURB/ FAU-UFRJ). Rio de Janeiro. Março de 2008. iii Para Mestre Irineu iv Agradeço: À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela concessão da bolsa, que viabilizou minha dedicação exclusiva para produzir esta pesquisa; ao Prof. Paulo Afonso Rheingantz, por compartilhar de sua ampla experiência no campo da pesquisa e da prática do ensino de projeto de arquitetura e por sua postura crítica, sistemática provocativa, sempre me encorajando a ampliar o conhecimento e superar limites. Pelo rigor que me foi exigido na pesquisa, por ter me apresentado a autores como Paulo Freire, Rubem Alves, Humberto Maturana, Edgar Morin, Donald Schön, Garry Stevens; ao Prof. Naylor Vilas Boas, por sua receptividade em diversos momentos decisivos deste trabalho, por sua bem vinda co-orientação, que iluminou e fortaleceu diversas questões da pesquisa., sem contar a sincronicidade e o incentivo para futuras possibilidades de trabalho na área da Gráfica Digital junto ao PROURB e a FAU-UFRJ; à Tereza Malveira de Araujo, co-autora do livro O Desenho Digital: técnica & arte (2000), que compartilhou comigo seu tão precioso tempo, experiência, sabedoria, doçura e uma lista de qualidades pessoais e acadêmicas; ao Prof. Guilherme Lassance, por sua participação na banca de avaliação deste trabalho e por disponibilizar o material didático que produziu para sua disciplina Metodologia do Projeto. Um material que foi, bem como continuará sendo, extremamente proveitoso para o prosseguimento de posteriores pesquisas; ao Prof. José Barki, por suas críticas tão construtivas e essenciais para meu crescimento (paradoxo, wish thinking) sobretudo pela preciosa indicação do livro de Coray e Pellegrino (1999) o qual trouxe um diferencial para o trabalho e que muito me identifico; à Profa. Lais Bronstein por me mostrar o quão positiva e construtiva pode ser uma crítica; à Profa. Mônica Santos Salgado, por compartilhar comigo sua experiência em Gestão do Processo do Projeto do Edifício, proporcionando a aplicabilidade do conteúdo de sua disciplina na prática acadêmica, profissional e na vida cotidiana, como, por exemplo, o exercício de administração do tempo, que serviu e serve como uma ferramenta voltada para a disciplina pessoal nos estudos e para re-significar o tempo como capital simbólico. Agradecê- la pelo privilégio de conhecer pessoalmente o trabalho da Tereza M. Araujo, por ocasião de v uma palestra sobre o papel da informática no projeto de arquitetura, considerada de extrema importância para o processo de estudo e para a aproximação da temática investigada; à Profa. Vera Tângari, por meu primeiro contato com o Proarq, por sua postura crítica, seu rigor, seu vigor e objetividade, que foram e continuam sendo para mim admiráveis. Também por sua ampla experiência e, sobretudo, por seu espírito de liderança – qualidades as quais muito me inspiram; ao Prof. Jonathas Magalhães da Silva (FAU-UAM/ São Paulo), pelo incentivo para iniciar o mestrado; aos pesquisadores que colaboraram com preciosas informações e disponibilizaram suas pesquisas: Regiane Trevisan Pupo; Mario Viggiano; Alexandre Menezes e, especialmente, Gilberto Corso Pereira, pela generosidade em ceder materiais raros sobre o tema; aos Professores das disciplinas que cursei no Mestrado em 2006 e aos Colegas da Turma; aos alunos das disciplinas de Projeto de Arquitetura (PAIV 2006-2) da FAU-UFRJ e às alunas (PAIII 2007-1), que colaboraram com diversos insights a partir do processo de construção coletiva do conhecimento sobre projeto de arquitetura e seu ensino, realizado em ateliê sob a coordenação do Prof. Paulo Afonso; aos professores que contribuíram indiretamente com os relatos de sua experiência docente, relativos a um trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido paralelamente a esta pesquisa sobre a Reforma Curricular da FAU-UFRJ; à Equipe da Secretaria do Proarq; à Profa. Tereza Verardo (UAM – São Paulo), pela orientação filosófica; à Leila Beatriz, pelo alento nas horas difíceis; à minha família por todo tipo de apoio; aos meus amigos, pela sintonia à distância, especialmente Alexandre Fiore (Letras-USP), por ter sido um mentor da minha vivência acadêmica, ao Marcos de Castro, pelo incentivo e à Cynthia Marconsini, pela boa sorte que me trouxe; ao Rio de Janeiro, minha fonte de inspiração. vi Ahora, hablar de arquitectura puede hacerse con la ayuda de la informática. (CORAY; PELLEGRINO, 1999:14) vii RESUMO Título: O Uso do Computador no Ensino de Projeto de Arquitetura: análise crítica da produção dos seminários SIGraDI e PROJETAR Autor: André Tiani Orientador: Paulo Afonso Rheingantz Co-orientador: Naylor Vilas Boas Resumo da Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências em Arquitetura. Este trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Ensino de Arquitetura, tem como objetivo refletir sobre o uso do computador no ensino de projeto de arquitetura no Brasil, a partir da revisão bibliográfica de um conjunto de artigos relacionados com a temática, publicados por autores brasileiros nos Anais dos seminários SIGraDI e PROJETAR, no período de 2000 a 2006, bem como das Diretrizes Curriculares do Ministério da Educação para os cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A análise focaliza três questões: (a) os fundamentos teóricos e as práticas relacionados com os processos e as formas de aproximação entre o computador e o ensino de projeto; (b) o uso da terminologia e dos conceitos relacionados com a temática; (c) os consensos, uniformidades, contradições e ambigüidades. A análise evidenciou as dificuldades na interpretação e na aplicação de termos e procedimentos relacionados com a produção do conhecimento sobre o uso do computador no ensino de projeto de arquitetura nas escolas brasileiras, bem como de suas perspectivas futuras. Entre as recomendações, são explorados os aspectos relacionados com a necessidade de aprofundar a reflexão e as discussões sobre os processos e procedimentos de introdução do computador no ensino de projeto; de definir com maior clareza a terminologia que articula os campos da informática e da arquitetura; de discutir estratégias para viabilizar a aproximação do computador à prática educativa dos cursos de arquitetura e sua adequação aos ambientes de ensino, especialmente os de projeto. Palavras-Chave: 1. Projeto de Arquitetura; 2. Ensino; 3. Seminários SIGraDI e PROJETAR. viii ABSTRACT Title: The Use of Computer in Teaching Design Architecture: critical analysis of the production of Seminars SIGraDI and PROJETAR Author: André Tiani Supervisor: Paulo Afonso Rheingantz Co-leader: Naylor Vilas Boas Abstract da Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências em Arquitetura. This work, tied with the research line Education of Architecture, has as objective to reflect on the use of the computer in the education of project of architecture in Brazil from the literature
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