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Home , Andropogon, Bothriochloa, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Ischaemum

Quintanar & al. • (2729) Conserve TAXON 69 (1) • February 2020: 198–199

PROPOSALS TO CONSERVE OR REJECT NAMES Edited by John McNeill, Scott A. Redhead & John H. Wiersema (2729) Proposal to conserve the name Andropogon ischaemum ( ischaemum)(Gramineae) with a conserved type Alejandro Quintanar,1 Patricia Barberá,2 Antoni Buira1 & Carlos Aedo1 1 Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid CSIC, 28014, Madrid, 2 Department of and , Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-2291, U.S.A. Address for correspondence: Alejandro Quintanar, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12189

First published as part of this issue. See online for details.

(2729) Andropogon ischaemum L., Sp. Pl.: 1047. 1 Mai 1753 & al., l.c.: 646; Valdés & Scholz & al., l.c.), or much more rarely [Angiosp.: Gram.], nom. cons. prop. under Willemet (in Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 11. 1796) Typus: Herb. Burser I: 101 (UPS), typ. cons. prop. as D. ischaemum (L.) Roberty (in Boissiera 9: 160. 1960) (Clayton, l.c.). has also been widely and consistently used (L.) Keng (in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. in the taxonomic literature (Hitchcock, l.c.; Gould, l.c.: 72; Soc. , Bot. Ser. 10: 201. 1936) based on Andropogon ischae- McVaugh, l.c.; Barkworth & al., l.c.: 653) under Andropogon L. mum L. (Sp. Pl.: 1047. 1753) (: Sorghinae) is a spe- The lectotype for Andropogon ischaemum (LINN 1211.26 cies native to southern and central Europe, northwestern Africa, image!, marked “11 Ischaemum”), designated by Marchi & Longi- northern Middle East, and central Asia from Iran to mainland Wagner (in Bol. Inst. Bioci. Univ. Fed. 57: 41. China and Taiwan, and introduced in North America (Gould in Brit- 1998), is actually a specimen of A. gerardi, as was noted first by tonia 19: 74. 1967; Bor in Rechinger, Fl. Iran. 70: 538. 1970; Hitchcock (in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 126. 1908), who, identify- Fedorov, Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti SSSR 1: 367. 1974; Tzvelev, Zlaki ing it as A. furcatus Muhl. ex Willd., a synonym of A. gerardi SSSR: 703. 1976; Clayton in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 5: 266. 1980; Davis, (cf. Hitchcock, Man. Grasses U.S., ed. 2: 812–813. 1951; Zuloaga Fl. Turkey: 612. 1985; Barkworth & al. in Flora of North America & al. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 32. 2003), stated that it “should Editorial Committee, Fl. N. Amer. 25: 646. 2003; Chen & al. in not be taken as the type of the , since it is not the that Lin- Wu & Raven, Fl. China 22: 608. 2006; Valdés & Scholz & al., naeus describes”, and also later by Fernald & Schubert (in Rhodora Euro+Med Plantbase, http://www.emplantbase.org, accessed Sep 50: 154–155. 1948), who wrote: “The plant which Linnaeus labeled 2019). It grows in dry, rocky or sandy places, steppe pastures, river- ‘11 Ischaemum’ is A. Gerardi Vitm., native in North America and side sands and pebbles, forest glades, and sometimes in growing cultivated and probably escaped in southern France. A. ischaemum, crops and disturbed places. Bothriochloa ischaemum is a caespitose as described and generally understood, is a wholly different species, perennial grass characterized by bearing a subdigitate inflorescence native to central and southeastern Europe, Asia and Africa and is of (2–)3–15 racemes of spikelets. the plant to which all the references cited by Linnaeus apply.” As Andropogon gerardi Vitman (Summa Pl. 6: 16. 1792) (Andropo- noted by Jarvis in The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project goneae: Andropogoninae) is a species native to the prairies, meadows website (https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/, and open woodlands of North America, from southern Canada to accessed Sep 2019), being unaware of this earlier typification, (Hitchcock, Man. Grasses U.S., ed. 2: 757. 1951; Clayton, Scholz (in Taxon 49: 245. 2000) chose another type for Andropogon l.c.; McVaugh, Fl. Novo-Galiciana 14: 48. 1983; Barkworth & al., ischaemum (Herb. Burser I: 101, UPS image!). The identity of the l.c.: 653). It was published by Vitman (l.c.) on the basis of a species specimen chosen by Scholz (l.c.) corresponds to Bothriochloa described and illustrated by Gérard (Fl. Gallo-Prov.: 107, fig. 4. ischaemum, but obviously has not priority over that designated by 1761), who did not adopt . Gérard stated that Marchi & Longi-Wagner (l.c.). After reviewing the specimens dis- it originated in southern France, but its presence in that country is cussed above, we agree with the assessment of Fernald & Schubert currently considered doubtful, since it is only based on old collec- (l.c.) and confirm that the specimen designated as type by Scholz tions and has not been confirmed since (Tison & de Foucault, (l.c.) is Bothriochloa ischaemum. Fl. Gall.: 207. 2014). Andropogon gerardi is a tufted perennial grass, There are no formal grounds for rejecting Marchi & Longi- often glaucous, with 3–6 racemes of spikelets. Wagner’s selection of a lectotype of A. ischaemum as Linnaeus’sbrief Bothriochloa ischaemum and A. gerardi are two clearly different nomen specificum legitimum could well apply to it, and, moreover, species that are placed not only in different genera but in ones assigned the annotation “11” indicates that it is original material. Consequently, to different subtribes within the tribe Andropogoneae; thus, no one will A. ischaemum becomes the correct name for the species currently be surprised that there had been no confusion in the treatment they known as A. gerardi and, therefore, falls under the provisions of Art. have received in the taxonomic literature. Bothriochloa ischaemum, 57.1 of the ICN (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) and requires as such, has been consistently and widely accepted over time (Keng, to be considered either for rejection or for conservation under Art. 14.1 l.c.; Gould, l.c.: 74; Fedorov, l.c.; Tzvelev, l.c.; Davis, l.c.; Barkworth as suggested by Jarvis (l.c.). Given the broad and consistent application

© 2020 International Association for Plant

198 Version of Record TAXON 69 (1) • February 2020: 199–200 Pastore & Pirani • (2730) Conserve Anacardium humile

of both names to these two rather different species native to two differ- Author information ent geographical areas, the strict application of the rules would cause AQ, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-3112 enormous confusion. In order to preserve nomenclatural stability and PB, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-8419 the current usage of the widely used Bothriochloa ischaemum in accor- AB, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7017 dance with ICN Art. 14.1 and 14.2, we propose to conserve Andropo- CA, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5384-6980 gon ischaemum with a conserved type, the type chosen by Scholz (l.c.), a true representative of Bothriochloa ischaemum. Acknowledgments Rejection of the present proposal would have two main undesir- This work was partly financed by the research project able consequences: (1) The name Andropogon ischaemum would CGL2017-85204-C3-1-P of the Spanish Government. We would like have to be applied to the species widely accepted under the name to thank the editors for their helpful suggestions during the editing Andropogon gerardi; (2) Another legitimate name would have to be process. We are indebted to M. Hjertson from UPS who provided found for what has been called Bothriochloa ischaemum up to now. fine images of Burser’s specimen.

(2730) Proposal to conserve the name Anacardium humile against A. mediterraneum (Anacardiaceae) José Floriano Barêa Pastore1 & José Rubens Pirani2 1 Universidade Federal de , Campus Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi, km 3, Curitibanos, 89520-000 Santa Catarina, 2 Universidade de Sao~ Paulo, Depto. Botânica, Herbário SPF, R. do Matao~ 277, 05508-900, Sao~ Paulo, SP, Brazil Address for correspondence: José Floriano B. Pastore, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12190

First published as part of this issue. See online for details.

(2730) Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: and an isolectotype stated to be at P but without distinguishing 272. Jul 1831 [Angiosp.: Anacard.], nom. cons. prop. between them, although the specimen P02274469 was annotated Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Sep 1817, Saint-Hilaire by Mitchell in 1988 as the lectotype. In fact there are three speci- B1-1756 (P barcode P02274469!; isotypi: P barcodes mens at P of this Saint-Hilaire gathering. The number “1956”, which P02274470 & P02274471). appears on labels of P02274469 and P02274470, does not match the (=) Anacardium mediterraneum Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 163. 7 Sep– field number entry “1756” for Anacardium humile (from Saint- 28 Nov 1829, nom. rej. prop. Hilaire’s field book B1). However, the number 1756 appears on very Lectotypus (hic designatus): [icon ined.] “Enneand. small pieces of paper attached to the specimens P02274470 and Monog. ANACARDIUM mediterraneum Tab. 46” P02274471 (see Fig. 1). These originally had the number “1556”, (Manuscript Sect., Bibliot. Nac., Rio de Janeiro No. I-17, but the first “5” was overwritten with a “7” to read “1756”, but the 02, 002; mss1198653_044). final result of this change was that the number resembled “1956” and that was written on the printed labels. As there is no published In our review of a set of names described by Vellozo in his selection of a single specimen as lectotype, as a second-step lecto- Flora Fluminensis (1829) and its associated Icones, the name Ana- typification, Saint-Hilaire B1-1756 [1956], P barcode P02274469, cardium mediterraneum Vell. (Fl. Flumin.: 163. 1829) has been is designated here as lectotype for Anacadrium humile. unquestionably identified as applying to the species with the well- Anacardium humile is well known to Brazilians and is emblem- known name Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil. (in Ann. Sci. Nat. atic of the Brazilian Cerrado. Its several common names, e.g., cajuí (Paris) 23: 272. 1831). Therefore, and strictly applying Art. 11.4 of (indigenous name for small cashew), cajuzinho-do-cerrado the Shenzhen Code (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018), (Brazilian Portuguese for savanna cashew), caju-do-campo (grass- A. mediterraneum is the correct name for the species currently land-cashew), are already found in Saint-Hilaire’s field book (kept known as A. humile. This species is broadly distributed in central in P, available at http://hvsh.cria.org.br/works) annotations (book savannas of , occurring in Brazil from the state of B1, unpaged) of the Brazilian expedition of 1817. The fruit of Maranh~ao in the north-east to the northern part of the state of Paraná A. humile is an important element of local cultural and culinary tradi- in the south and extending to south-eastern and , tions. Its swollen fleshy peduncle, not uncommon at local markets in being especially abundant in the Cerrado in the narrow sense. The several states of Central Brazil, is eaten raw or used to prepare juice, name A. humile was first lectotypified by Mitchell & Mori (in Mem. jams, and candied fruit. Being a widely adopted name, a disruption New York Bot. Gard. 42: 48. 1987), who designated “Brazil. Minas in the nomenclatural tradition of using A. humile would be greatly Gerais: 1816–1821 (fl.), St.-Hilaire 1956”, with both the lectotype disadvantageous. It has been used for nearly two centuries in

Version of Record 199