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4 Business Angels ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΔΙΑΤΜΗΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ «ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗ» ΤΜΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ Διπλωματική Εργασία “Business Angels” της ΠΑΠΑΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ Φωτεινής (ΑΕΜ: 417) Εξεταστική Επιτροπή Επιβλέπoυσα: ΚΟΣΜΙΔΟΥ Κυριακή Μέλη: ΒΛΑΧΑΒΑΣ Ιωάννης ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Χρυσολέων ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ ΣΕΠΤΕΜΒΡΙΟΣ 2014 1 Πρόλογος Σήμερα, η Ελληνική οικονομία, επιδιώκοντας την έξοδό της από την ύφεση, έχει ως προτεραιότητα την προώθηση της καινοτόμου επιχείρησης, εξασφαλίζοντάς της τις προϋποθέσεις εξεύρεσης της απαιτούμενης χρηματοδότησης. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με κατάλληλη υποκίνηση των κοινωνικών κι επαγγελματικών μονάδων οι οποίες μπορούν να προσφέρουν τη ρευστότητα στην αγορά. Η νέα ιδέα προκειμένου να υλοποιηθεί και να εισαχθεί στην αγορά ως εμπορεύσιμο και κερδοφόρο προϊόν απαιτεί από τον σύγχρονο επιχειρηματία να δράσει με συγκεκριμένο πλάνο. Καταρχήν να μελετήσει τις συνθήκες και σχετικές με την εν λόγω ιδέα, παραμέτρους της αγοράς, ή δυνατόν να τις ποσοτικοποιήσει (απαιτούμενο επενδυτικό κεφάλαιο, κεφάλαιο κίνησης, κόστος κεφαλαίου, ποσότητα παραγωγής, καινοτόμα τεχνολογία, αγορές προς διάθεση του προϊόντος, εφοδιαστικές αλυσίδες, τζίρος πρώτης κυκλοφορίας, ρυθμοί ανάπτυξης πρώτων ετών, κόστος marketing, management, κλπ). Στη συνέχεια, να προβλέψει τις εξελίξεις και τα τυχόν εμπόδια, να καλλιεργήσει προσοδοφόρες συνεργασίες και, να ανακαλύψει την πιο συμφέρουσα πηγή κεφαλαίου σποράς και πρώιμης ανάπτυξης προκειμένου όλα τα προηγούμενα να τεθούν σε εφαρμογή. Επομένως, προϋπόθεση για κάθε στρατηγικό πλάνο κάθε μορφής εξωστρεφούς, καινοτόμου και ανταγωνιστικής επιχειρηματικότητας, η οποία θα έχει ως αποτέλεσμα μια διατηρήσιμη ανάπτυξη, είναι η εξασφάλιση της χρηματοδότησής του. Εδώ γεννιούνται τα ερωτήματα: Ποιες είναι οι πηγές χρηματοδότησης Ποια μορφή χρηματοδότησης προσελκύει η συγκεκριμένη επένδυση Ποια η πιο συμφέρουσα χρηματοδότηση για τη συγκεκριμένη επένδυση στον συγκεκριμένο χρόνο, δηλαδή στο ξεκίνημα Στόχος της εν λόγω διπλωματικής εργασίας, είναι να παρουσιάσει έναν τρόπο χρηματοδότησης νέων επιχειρήσεων ονόματι “Business Angels”, ή μεταφράζοντας τον όρο στα Ελληνικά, «Άγγελοι Επενδύσεων», που είναι γνωστός και δημοφιλής στο εξωτερικό εδώ και πολλά χρόνια, και ο οποίος θα μπορούσε να κινητοποιήσει κεφάλαια της χώρα μας ή να φέρει ξένα κεφάλαια εντός προς όφελος του «επιχειρείν». Το συγκεκριμένο θέμα είναι επίκαιρο καθώς ακόμη και υπό συνθήκες όπως αυτές που βιώνει η χώρα σήμερα, παρατεταμένης οικονομικής κρίσης, ο Έλληνας διαθέτει τη 2 δημιουργική φαντασία, και ευστροφία να καινοτομεί. Γι’ αυτό και οι αρμόδιοι για την οικονομική ανάπτυξη φορείς της Ελληνικής κοινωνίας (Κυβέρνηση, Δημόσιος Τομέας, Τραπεζικός Κλάδος, επενδυτικά ταμεία, κ.α.) θα πρέπει να αντιληφθούν το ρόλο τους, να συνεργαστούν και να συνδράμουν προς τη διευκόλυνση του νέου επιχειρηματία σε ότι αφορά στην πρόσβασή του (σε επίπεδο πληροφόρησης, διοικητικής ευελιξίας κι εξάλειψης ανώφελων γραφειοκρατικών φραγμών) στην πιο κατάλληλη γι’ αυτόν χρηματοδότηση. Ο ρόλος της επιστημονικής κοινότητας στο πεδίο της μετάδοσης τεκμηριωμένης γνώσης είναι εμφανής. Γι’ αυτό και ευχαριστώ εκ βαθέων την επιβλέπουσα, επίκουρη καθηγήτρια, κ. ΚΟΣΜΙΔΟΥ Κυριακή, για τη θεματολογία των μαθημάτων της στο Δ.Π.Μ.Σ., τις άκρως ενδιαφέρουσες διαλέξεις περί των εξελίξεων στα «χρηματοοικονομικά» της χώρας, των τραπεζών, αλλά και των πολιτών, όπως επίσης, για τη δυνατότητα να ασχοληθώ στην παρούσα με ένα πεδίο που λόγω των προαναφερθέντων, με ενθουσιάζει. Οι νέες μορφές χρηματοδότησης παρέχουν τη δυνατότητα έρευνας, συλλογής στοιχείων, κι εξαγωγής συμπερασμάτων προς διευκόλυνση της πληροφόρησης και κατάρτισης που χρειάζονται οι νέοι που επιθυμούν και δύνανται να ασχοληθούν με το «επιχειρείν». Εγκάρδια ευχαριστώ δε, τον υποψήφιο διδάκτορα, κ. ΤΣΟΤΣΟ Ραδάμανθυ, για τη συνδρομή του από την αρχή της εκπόνησης αυτής της εργασίας και μέχρι το πέρας αυτής, τις ουσιαστικές επισημάνσεις, και υποδείξεις του με στόχο την καθοδήγησή μου προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί το καλύτερο δυνατό αποτέλεσμα. Θεσ/νίκη, 15-09-14 ΠΑΠΑΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ Φωτεινή 3 Αφιερώνεται στους γονείς μου για την υποστήριξη και την εγκάρδια εμψύχωση που μου προσέφεραν 4 Περίληψη Στην παρούσα διπλωματική επιχειρείται μία συγκριτική ανάλυση των μορφών χρηματοδότησης νεοσύστατων εταιριών με επικέντρωση στο θεσμό των «Αγγέλων Επενδύσεων». Μελέτη σχετικών περιπτώσεων νεοφυών επιχειρήσεων στο στάδιο της σποράς ή εκκίνησης οι οποίες συγκέντρωσαν κεφάλαια από ιδιώτες επενδυτές ή δίκτυα «Αγγέλων Επενδύσεων» στη διεθνή σκηνή, αλλά και, στην Ελλάδα. Εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με α) τους παράγοντες επιτυχίας ενός καινοτόμου προϊόντος ή νέας υπηρεσίας στην αγορά, β) τους όρους και προϋποθέσεις εδραίωσης και, αξιοποίησης του θεσμού των Αγγέλων Επενδύσεων στην Ελλάδα, όπως και, γ) τι θέμα θα μπορούσε να ερευνηθεί εκ βαθέων σε μια περαιτέρω έρευνα σχετικά με τη συγκεκριμένη μορφή χρηματοδότησης. Λέξεις κλειδιά : «Άγγελοι Επενδύσεων», νεοφυείς εταιρίες, καινοτομία και επιχειρηματικότητα. 5 Summary A comparative analysis of startups financing forms focusing on "Business Angels". Case studies related to financing startups in a phase of seed or early development and research for markets, which received funds from private investors or “Angels” networks, in the international arena, but also in Greece. Conclusions regarding to a) the success factors of an innovative new product or service in the market, b) the terms and conditions of consolidation and exploitation of the institution of “Business Angels” in Greece, as well as c) what topic could be explored in depth in further research on this form of financing. Keywords: " Business Angels " startups, innovation and entrepreneurship. 6 Πίνακας περιεχομένων ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ .................................................................................................................... 2 ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ..................................................................................................................... 4 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 6 1. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ .............................................................................................................. 11 2. ΠΗΓΕΣ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ ............................................................................. 14 2.1 ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΑ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΑ ..................................................................................... 15 2.2 ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΑ, ΦΙΛΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΓΝΩΣΤΟΙ ..................................................................... 16 2.3 ΆΓΓΕΛΟΙ ΕΠΕΝΔΥΣΕΩΝ (“BUSINESS ANGELS”) ............................................... 16 2.4 ΘΕΡΜΟΚΟΙΤΙΔΕΣ Η ΕΚΚΟΛΑΠΤΗΡΙΑ (“BUSINESS INCUBATORS”) ..................... 16 2.5 ΕΤΑΙΡΙΕΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΥ (VCS) ............................................. 18 2.6 ΕΤΑΙΡΙΚΕΣ ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΣΙΕΣ (JOINT VENTURE) ..................................................... 19 2.7 ΤΡΑΠΕΖΙΚΟΣ ΔΑΝΕΙΣΜΟΣ .................................................................................. 20 2.8 ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ ΝΕΩΝ ΧΡΕΟΓΡΑΦΩΝ ΜΕ ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑ ΕΓΓΡΑΦΗ .................................. 21 2.9 ΕΘΝΙΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΑ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΙΑΚΑ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΑ .......................................... 21 2.10 CLOUD FUNDING .............................................................................................. 27 3 ΣΥΓΚΡΙΣΕΙΣ ΠΗΓΩΝ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ .................................................... 30 4 BUSINESS ANGELS ............................................................................................ 32 4.1 ΈΝΝΟΙΑ ............................................................................................................ 32 4.2 ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΙΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ «ΑΓΓΕΛΩΝ ΕΠΕΝΔΥΣΕΩΝ» ...... 37 4.2.1 Πλεονεκτήματα ................................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Μειονεκτήματα.................................................................................... 37 4.3 ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΔΡΟΜΗ ΚΙ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΗ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΣΜΟΥ ΣΤΙΣ ΔΙΑΦΟΡΕΣ ΧΩΡΕΣ ............ 38 5 ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΩΝ .................................................................................... 49 5.1 ΣΤΗ ΔΙΕΘΝΗ ΣΚΗΝΗ ......................................................................................... 49 5.1.1 Daily Grommet .................................................................................. 49 5.1.2 Aglocal ................................................................................................ 54 5.1.3 Curvy Girlz Lingerie L.L.C. ............................................................. 57 5.1.4 …Η VALERY GAYDOS ΕΚΦΡΑΖΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΠΟΨΗ ΤΩΝ ΙΔΙΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΑΓΓΕΛΩΝ ........ 60 7 5.1.5 ΤΟ “COOLEST COOLER” ΣΤΗΝ ΠΛΑΤΦΟΡΜΑ ΤΟΥ “KICKSTARTER” ................. 62 5.2 ΣΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΗ ................................................................................................. 65 5.2.3 LOGMEIN ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΟΥΓΓΑΡΙΑ ......................................................................... 68 5.3 ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ .................................................................................................. 70 5.3.1 LOCISH ............................................................................................................ 70 5.3.2 TAXIBEAT ......................................................................................................... 75 5.3.3 WARPLY ........................................................................................................... 80 5.3.4 ΝΕΟΣΥΣΤΑΤΕΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΚΑΙ Η ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ ΤΟΥΣ ... 85 6 ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ ...............................................................................................
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