Working the Crowd a Short Guide to Crowdfunding and How It Can Work for You
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Equity Crowdfunding: a New Phenomena$
Journal of Business Venturing Insights 5 (2016) 37–49 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Business Venturing Insights journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbvi Equity crowdfunding: A new phenomena$ Nir Vulkan a,n, Thomas Åstebro b, Manuel Fernandez Sierra c a Said Business School Oxford University, United Kingdom b HEC Paris, France c Economics department Oxford University, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Crowdfunding has recently become available for entrepreneurs. Most academic studies Received 1 December 2015 analyse data from rewards-based (pre-selling) campaigns. In contrast, in this paper we Received in revised form analyse 636 campaigns, encompassing 17,188 investors and 64,831 investments between 30 January 2016 2012 and 2015, from one of the leading European equity crowdfunding platforms. We Accepted 4 February 2016 provide descriptive statistics and carry out cross-campaign regression analysis. The de- Available online 4 March 2016 scriptive statistics address its size, growth and geographic distributions in the UK. The Keywords: regressions analyse which factors are associated with the probability of a successful Equity crowdfunding campaign. We find some similarities and some interesting dissimilarities when comparing UK the descriptive statistics and regression results to research on rewards-based crowding. Campaign success The data show that equity crowdfunding will likely pose great challenges to VC and business angel financiers in the near future. We discuss some research challenges and opportunities with these kind of data. & 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In recent years crowdfunding has emerged as a viable and popular alternative channel for entrepreneurs to fund their early stage businesses. -
Crowdfunding in Asia
Crowdfunding in Asia May 2018 Introducing the first free directory of crowdfunding platforms across Asia. The data is based on the AlliedCrowds Capital Finder, a database of over 7,000 alternative finance capital providers across emerging markets. Our data has been used by organizations like FSD Asia, UNDP, World Green Economy Organization, GIZ, World Bank, and others in order to provide unique, actionable insights into the world of emerging market alternative finance. This is the latest of our regular reports on alternative finance in emerging markets; you can find all previous reports here. Crowdfunding rose in prominence in the post-financial crisis years (starting in 2012), and for good reason: a global credit crunch limited the amount of funding available to entrepreneurs and small businesses. Since then, crowdfunding has grown rapidly around the world. Crowdfunding is especially consequential in countries where SMEs find it difficult to raise capital to start or grow their businesses. This is the case in many Asian countries; according to the SME Finance Forum, there is a $2.3 trillion MSME credit gap in East Asia and the Pacific. Crowdfunding can help to fill this gap by offering individuals and small businesses an alternative source of capital. This can come in the form of donation-based as well as lending-based (peer-to-peer or peer-to-business) crowdfunding. In order to help entrepreneurs and small business owners to find the crowdfunding platform that’s right for them, we are releasing the first publicly available list of all crowdfunding platforms across Asia. The report is split into two key sections: the first one is an overview of crowdfunding platforms, and how active they are across the largest markets on the continent. -
CEP Discussion Paper No 1498 September 2017 Equity
ISSN 2042-2695 CEP Discussion Paper No 1498 September 2017 Equity Crowdfunding and Early Stage Entrepreneurial Finance: Damaging or Disruptive? Saul Estrin Daniel Gozman Susanna Khavul Abstract Equity crowdfunding (ECF) offers founders of new ventures an online social media marketplace where they can access a large number of investors who, in exchange for an ownership stake, provide finance for business opportunities that they find attractive. In this paper, we first quantify the evolution of the ECF market in the UK, the world leader, as well as the benign regulatory environment. ECF already represents more than 15% of British early stage entrepreneurial finance. We then use qualitative methods to explore three research questions. First, do these large financial flows via ECF platforms supplement or merely divert more traditional forms of funding for entrepreneurs? Second, do investors understand and appropriately evaluate the risks that they are bearing by investing in this new asset class? Finally, does ECF finance bring with it the spillovers, e.g. advice and guidance critical to entrepreneurial success, associated with other sources of funding such as Venture Capital? Our study is based on extensive interviews with investors, entrepreneurs (including some who chose not to use ECF in favour of traditional funding sources) and regulators. We conclude that ECF provides real additionality to the sources of entrepreneurial finance while not bringing major new risks for investors. This suggests other jurisdictions might consider implementing the British “principles based” regulatory framework. Keywords: equity crowdfunding, early stage entrepreneurial finance, financial regulation, investor choices JEL: G3; G21; L26; M21 This paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Growth Programme. -
Crowdfunding Online Portal - Its Insights and Implication on Funding Success
© 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Crowdfunding online portal - its insights and implication on funding success Lavanya R.N. Assistant professor, T.John Insitute of Management and Science. In the present scenerio, crowdfunding individuals collectively contributing money to back different goals and projects through the internet has proven to be a viable alternative for raising funds. Businesses, entrepreneurs, and individuals are using this alternative fundraising mechanism to raise finances to support their businesses, creative projects, or personal goals. Evidence of very successful fundraising campaigns (e.g. Pebble smart watches on Kickstarter.com) and unsuccessful fundraising campaigns exist. Different factors have been attributed to driving fundraising campaign outcomes - goal size, fundraising duration, creator’s network size, and signals of quality. Despite the growing importance and popularity of the crowdfunding mechanism,. Keywords Crowdfunding, Debt-based ,Funding ,Financing, Reward based. Crowd funding is a funding technique that encompasses financing a project with relatively modest contributions from a huge group of persons, rather than looking for considerable sums from a small number of investors. The funding campaign and transactions are typically conducted online through dedicated crowd funding sites, often in conjunction with social networking sites. Depending on the project, campaign contributors may be essentially making contributions, capitalizing for a potential future return -
Before You Launch Your Project, Do These Things
Before you launch your project, do these things. Getting ready to launch a project on Kickstarter can be an exciting and busy time. Here are some tips and important things to keep in mind as you work towards your launch date. Important First Steps Back a project on Kickstarter If you haven’t already, backing a project on Kickstarter will help you better understand the backer experience. What does a backer look for on a project page? What catches their eye? What is essential information, what is not essential? What kinds of rewards are most appealing? By backing a project on Kickstarter you will also gain insight into what steps your backers will take when backing your project and how the payments process works. You will also learn what emails Kickstarter will send your backers to confirm their pledge and keep them in the loop. Account Set-up After you click the Start button on Kickstarter and are in what we call “Project Build,” skip ahead to the Account tab. This is where you will set-up your verified identity and your bank account info. You may have questions about this process or run into unexpected problems. Take care of this step early on so it doesn’t hold you up at the end. Do your homework There are so many guides to planning for and running a successful project on Kickstarter. We have linked to some of our favorites throughout this document. Before you launch, take some time and look around at what else is out there, and learn from other people’s experience. -
Civic Crowdfunding Research: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Agenda
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Civic crowdfunding research: challenges, opportunities, and future agenda Journal Item How to cite: Stiver, Alexandra; Barroca, Leonor; Minocha, Shailey; Richards, Mike and Roberts, Dave (2015). Civic crowdfunding research: challenges, opportunities, and future agenda. New Media & Society, 17(2) pp. 249–271. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2014 The Authors Version: Proof Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1177/1461444814558914 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk New Media & Society http://nms.sagepub.com/ Civic crowdfunding research: Challenges, opportunities, and future agenda Alexandra Stiver, Leonor Barroca, Shailey Minocha, Mike Richards and Dave Roberts New Media Society published online 24 November 2014 DOI: 10.1177/1461444814558914 The online version of this article can be found at: http://nms.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/11/21/1461444814558914 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for New Media & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://nms.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://nms.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Nov 24, 2014 What is This? Downloaded from nms.sagepub.com by guest on November 25, 2014 NMS0010.1177/1461444814558914new media & societyStiver et al. -
Moneylab Reader: an Intervention in Digital Economy
READER A N INTERVENTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY FOREWORD BY SASKIA SASSEN EDITED BY GEERT LOVINK NATHANIEL TKACZ PATRICIA DE VRIES INC READER #10 MoneyLab Reader: An Intervention in Digital Economy Editors: Geert Lovink, Nathaniel Tkacz and Patricia de Vries Copy editing: Annie Goodner, Jess van Zyl, Matt Beros, Miriam Rasch and Morgan Currie Cover design: Content Context Design: Katja van Stiphout EPUB development: André Castro Printer: Drukkerij Tuijtel, Hardinxveld-Giessendam Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam, 2015 ISBN: 978-90-822345-5-8 Contact Institute of Network Cultures phone: +31205951865 email: [email protected] web: www.networkcultures.org Order a copy or download this publication freely at: www.networkcultures.org/publications Join the MoneyLab mailing list at: http://listcultures.org/mailman/listinfo/moneylab_listcultures.org Supported by: Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amster- dam), Amsterdam Creative Industries Publishing and the University of Warwick Thanks to everyone at INC, to all of the authors for their contributions, Annie Goodner and Morgan Currie for their copy editing, and to Amsterdam Creative Industries Publishing for their financial support. This publication is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 4.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. EDITED BY GEERT LOVINK, NATHANIEL TKACZ AND PATRICIA DE VRIES INC READER #10 Previously published INC Readers The INC Reader series is derived from conference contributions and produced by the Institute of Network Cultures. They are available in print, EPUB, and PDF form. The MoneyLab Reader is the tenth publication in the series. -
Harvard Spring 2017
Crowdfunding: Kickstarting Your Enterprise or Non-profit Through Online Fundraising HKS Communications Program Tuesday, October 17, 2017 What is crowdfunding? "The practice of funding a project or venture by raising many small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the Internet" (Forbes). Online crowdfunding has existed since 1997, but the term "crowdfunding" wasn't coined until 2006 and didn't become popular until Kickstarter was founded in 2009. What kinds of projects can be crowdfunded? Any kind! From launching a new mobile app to a new restaurant, publishing a book to a website, expanding a non-profit to paying a child's hospital bills, crowdfunding can (and has!) been used to fund all these projects and more. Can anyone crowdfund? Yes, but not everyone is successful: 64% of all Kickstarters fail. Of those that succeed, most were seeking less than $10,000 in funding. It helps to have either a reputation—you've been working in this industry for a while and have a proven track record for bringing projects to completion—or a prototype—a demonstration of the final product, whether it's a chapter of a book, a trailer for a movie, or a smaller event that could be made bigger. What crowdfunding platform should I use? There are over 500 crowdfunding platforms, with the biggest ones being Kickstarter, Indiegogo, GoFundMe, and Patreon. Which one you choose is largely determined by what kind of project you're running and how much money you need: • Kickstarter requires all its projects fall into one of these categories: Art, Comics, Crafts, Dance, Design, Fashion, Film & Video, Food, Games, Journalism, Music, Photography, Publishing, Technology, and Theater. -
Crowdfunding for a Laser Campaign
Crowdfunding For a Laser Campaign www.troteclaser.com Summary of Contents 1. What is Crowdfunding? 2. How to Start a Campaign for Your Laser 3. Kickstarting Your Way to Success 4. How to Build Your Laser Business 5. Trotec Laser Overview www.troteclaser.com What is Crowdfunding? www.troteclaser.com What is Crowdfunding? Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a creative project or personal cause using an online platform to reach a large audience. - Platforms such as Kickstarter, Indiegogo, or GoFundMe are full of financial backers who are responsible for the project coming to life. - Initially, funds are sourced through the support of the creator’s friends and family. Before long, it evolves into a larger show of support and admiration from fans. Therefore increasing word-of-mouth advertisement for the project. www.troteclaser.com How to Start a Campaign for Your Laser www.troteclaser.com How to Start a Campaign for Your Laser Which Crowdfunding Platform is Right for Your Business? Kickstarter IndieGoGo GoFundMe Description Global community built around A global community set on Platform designed to support artists, filmmakers, designers, creative projects, personal personal causes and life-events, developers and innovators causes, and life-events regardless if it is focused on a which aims to bring creative business or charity projects to life The goal is to “empower everyone” with lower funding It is recognized more as The funding approach focuses goals and reasonable fees donations than a community of on “All or Nothing” and the fees backers are reasonable Costs 5% fee from funding total if 5% overall platform fee Free to create and share campaign is successful campaign 3-5% for PayPal transactions 3-5% processing fee from each 5% fee from each donation pledge 3% for each credit card transaction 3% processing fee for each donation www.troteclaser.com How to Start a Campaign for Your Laser How Does Crowdfunding Work? 1. -
Raising Capital from the Community Alternative Capital Development Through Crowdfunding
Raising Capital from the Community Alternative Capital Development through Crowdfunding November 2013 Green For All - Business Accelerator Program greenforall.org/resources Acknowledgments © Green For All 2013 Written by Jessica Leigh Green for All would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their contributions to this guide: Jenny Kassan, Cutting Edge Capital; Brahm Ahmadi, People’s Community Market; Justin Renfro, Kiva Zip; Joanna De Leon, Triple Green Custom Print Developers; Ben Bateman, Indi- egogo; Lisa Curtis, Kuli Kuli; Erin Barnes, ioby; Helen Ho, Biking Public Project, Recycle-a-Bicycle Other parties that helped in the preparation of this report: Jeremy Hays and Khary Dvorak-Ewell RAISING CAPITAL FROM THE COMMUNITY Green For All Business Accelerator Program Introduction Community Capital Today’s economy brings new capital development challenges for the small businesses that drive green innova- tion and strengthen our neighborhoods. Obtaining traditional financing from banks has become increasingly prohibitive. Venture capital funds and angel investors seek businesses that provide fast growth and high re- turns. Cultivating a sustainable small business that prioritizes people and the environment generally does not lend itself to these conditions. A recent survey by the National Small Business Association (NSBA) found that nearly half of small-business respondents said they needed funds and were unable to find any willing sources, be it loans, credit cards or investors.1 Additionally, the novelty of small green businesses makes them more risky and less appealing for traditional sources of capital. Environmentally focused entrepreneurs often have little choice but to compromise their mission or the direction of their company in an attempt to secure financing. -
Crowdfunding & P2P Lending for Energy Access
Crowd Power Crowdfunding & P2P Lending for Energy Access State of the Market 2018 IMPACT Crowd Power 2 | State of the Market 2018 1 Contents 1 2 3 Crowd Power 2 Understanding Top 5 Trends Crowdfunding and 2018 P2P Lending 4 5 6 State Of The P2P Business P2P Market 2018 Lending Microlending 7 8 9 Donation Reward Equity Crowdfunding Crowdfunding Crowdfunding 10 Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) Designed by www.studiopanapo.com This material has been This report has been peer Cover image Morgana Wingard funded by UK aid from the reviewed by our programme UK government; however partners at Cambridge Centre for the views expressed do not Alternative Finance. necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies. Crowd Power 2 | State of the Market 2018 2 Authors Davinia Cogan Peter Weston Programme Director of Manager Programmes Davinia Cogan is the Programme Manager Peter Weston is the Director of Programmes of Crowd Power 2 at Energy 4 Impact. She at Energy 4 Impact. He manages a team runs the UK aid funded programme, which of consultants that advises off-grid SMEs researches the role of financial innovation in in sub-Saharan Africa and helps them the capital raising process of energy access to implement new business models and companies. technologies. He is an expert in power, renewables and offgrid energy, with over Davinia is also a Research Affiliate of the 20 years of experience as an investor, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance lender and strategic adviser, much of it in at Cambridge Judge Business School. developing countries. Davinia joined Energy 4 Impact in 2013 to help launch their business advisory team He is a non-executive director of Thrive in East Africa, and managed the rollout of a Renewables, one of the first crowdfunded USAID funded programme bringing pay- investors in small-sized renewable as-you-go solar to Rwanda. -
Entrepreneurial Finance and Productivity in Different Institutional Contexts: Lessons from Equity Crowdfunding
CHAPTER 8 Entrepreneurial Finance and Productivity in Different Institutional Contexts: Lessons from Equity Crowdfunding Douglas Cumming and Sofia Johan To finance growth, entrepreneurial firms need external financing. While bank finance is the most common for entrepreneurial firms,34 many firms do not have sufficient collateral and/or stable cash flows to enable them to obtain or maintain debt finance. Equity finance has traditionally been available from angel investors and venture capitalists (VCs). But the pres- ence of angels and VCs does not imply that the market for entrepreneurial finance is complete or without gaps of underserved entrepreneurs with good ideas and scant capital. In most countries around the world over the last decade, the biggest change to the landscape of equity finance for entrepreneurs has been the introduction of equity crowdfunding (Cum- ming and Johan, 2019). There is substantial evidence consistent with the view that equity crowdfunding facilitates productivity growth. Equity crowdfunding deep- ens capital markets for startups, particularly at the most nascent stage of entrepreneurial firm development, thereby lowering costs of entry for startups. As such, equity crowdfunding is an important instrument for introducing and spreading new technology, which improves productivity. Empirical evidence is supportive. For example, large sample evidence is consistent with the view that crowdfunding improves small firm growth (Eldridge, Nisar, and Torchia, 2019; Stevenson, Kuratko, and Eutsler, 2019), enables the development of smart cities (Carè, Trotta, Carè, and Rizzello, 34 See Cosh et al. (2009) for UK evidence, and Robb and Robinson (2014) for US evidence. fraserinstitute.org / 69 70 / Achieving the 4-Day Work Week: Essays on Improving Productivity Growth in Canada 2018), and enables firms to get to the next level in subsequent capital raises (Signoria and Vismara, 2018).35 Given the importance of equity crowdfunding to entrepreneurial finance and productivity, in this chapter we address two interrelated ques- tions.