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Automobile Racing Racing in America Educator Digikit grades 9-12 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing Racing in America Educator DigiKit Transportation in America overview Amazing feats have been performed throughout the history of automobile racing: early race cars carried a rider on the running board; today, most race car drivers survive crashes and walk away. In Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing, use these events to explore with your students the question What physics concepts can be learned by analyzing automobile racing? Au- tomobile racing is a vivid means of introducing physics concepts, including Newton’s three laws of motion, forces in straight lines and circles, motion, distance, displacement, velocity, acceleration and momentum. This Educator DigiKit is divided into two sections: a Teacher Guide and a Unit Plan. The Teacher Guide section includes resources to complement the Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing Unit Plan. You will find a glossary, timeline, context-setting activities, bib- liography, curriculum links and curriculum-supporting field trip suggestions. The Unit Plan section follows the Teacher Guide and includes lesson plans, student handouts, answer keys, culminating project ideas, extension activities and review and assessment questions. mission statement The lessons are organized so that the students can either work in class The Henry Ford provides unique edu- using handouts or, if the students have access to computers, view the cational experiences based on authentic lessons and digitized artifacts online at TheHenryFord.org/education. objects, stories and lives from America’s If you cannot incorporate the whole unit into your schedule, use the traditions of ingenuity, resourcefulness lessons or activities most relevant to your needs. and innovation. Our purpose is to inspire people to learn from these traditions to This Educator DigiKit promotes educational use of The Henry help shape a better future. Ford’s extensive Transportation in America collections. We hope you and your students will find these resources engaging and relevant. © 2010 The Henry Ford. This content is offered for personal and educational use through These resources are made possible, in part, by the generous an “Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike” Creative Commons. If you have questions or funding of the Ford Foundation. feedback regarding these materials, please contact [email protected]. 2 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit thehenryford.org/education contents 2 Overview 32 Lesson 2 60 Lesson 5 Forces in Automobile Racing Work, Energy and Power in 5 Teacher Guide Automobile Racing 34 Background Information Sheet 6 Glossary for Students 2A: 61 Background Information Sheet 8 Timeline Forces in Automobile Racing for Students 5A: Work, Energy and Power in 10 Context-Setting Activities 39 Student Activity Sheet 2B: Forces Automobile Racing 11 Bibliography 41 Answer Key 2B: Forces 64 Student Activity Sheet 5B: 12 Connections to National Work, Energy and Power and Michigan Standards 66 Answer Key 5B: and Expectations 43 Lesson 3 Work, Energy and Power 17 Field Trip Learning The Study of Motion Using Artifacts from Enhancement Suggestion the Collections of The Henry Ford 67 Supplemental Resources 45 Background Information Sheet 19 Unit Plan for Students 3A: Study of Mo- 68 Culminating Projects tion Using Artifacts from the 69 Extension Activities Collections of The Henry Ford 20 Unit Plan Overview 70 Student Activity Sheet 6: 49 Student Activity Sheet 3B: Review/Assessment Questions Motion and Energy 74 Answer Key 6: 23 Lesson 1 51 Answer Key 3B: Review/Assessment Questions Analysis of Newton’s Laws in Motion and Energy Automobile Racing 24 Background Information 52 Lesson 4 Please refer to the online version of the Sheet for Students 1A: Ground Effects Innovations in Educator DigiKits for the most updated Analysis of Newton’s Laws Automobile Racing links and content. in Automobile Racing 28 Student Activity Sheet 1B: 53 Background Information Sheet Newton’s Laws for Students 4A: Ground Effects Innovations in 30 Answer Key 1B: Newton’s Laws Automobile Racing 56 Student Activity Sheet 4B: Ground Effects Innovations 58 Answer Key 4B: Ground Effects Innovations thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit 3 4 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit thehenryford.org/education teacher guide | for grades 9-12 thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Unit Plan 5 Glossary Acceleration Conversion Gravity The rate at which an object’s Changing from one set of units The natural pull of the Earth velocity changes; a = Δ v/ Δ t. to another, such as from miles per on an object. hour to meters per second. Acceleration due to gravity Ground effects The downward acceleration of Displacement The effects from aerodynamic an object due to the gravitational The distance and the direction that designs on the underside of a attraction between the object and an object moves from the origin. race car, which create a vacuum. the earth or other large body. Distance Inertia Aerodynamics The change of position from An object’s tendency to The way the shape of an object one point to another. resist any changes in motion. affects the flow of air over, under or around it. Downforce Joule The force on a car that pushes The unit of measurement Airfoil it downward, resulting in for energy; 1 joule = A winglike device on a race car better traction. 1 kilogram-meter2/second2. that creates downforce as the air flows over it. Electrical energy Kinetic energy Energy derived from electricity Energy of motion; kinetic energy = 2 2 Air resistance ½ mass * velocity , or KE = ½ m v . The force created by air when it Force pushes back against an object’s Any push or pull. Mass motion; air resistance on a car is The amount of matter in an object. also called drag. Frame of reference The coordinate system for specifying Momentum Bernoulli’s principle the precise location of an object, or The combined mass and velocity Air moving faster over the longer the point or frame to which motion of an object. Momentum = mass * path on a wing causes a decrease in is compared. velocity, or p = m v. pressure, resulting in a force in the direction of the decrease in pressure. Friction Potential energy The opposing force between two Energy due to position; stored Centripetal force objects that are in contact with energy, or the ability to do work. The force toward the center that and moving against each other. makes an object go in a circle Power rather than in a straight line. Rate of doing work, or work divided by the time. 6 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Teacher Guide thehenryford.org/education Glossary Continued Pressure Speed Watt Force divided by area. The distance an object travels di- A measurement of power. One watt vided by the time it takes to travel is 1 joule of work per 1 second. Relative motion the distance. The comparison of the movement Weight of one object with the movement Thermal energy The force of gravity pulling on an of another object. Heat energy. object; weight equals mass times the acceleration due to gravity. Revolution Trade-off The motion of one object as it orbits A term that describes how an im- Work another object. provement made in one area might The force on an object times the decrease effectiveness in another area. distance through which the object Roll bar moves as the work is converted to A heavy metal tube or bar wrapped Velocity either potential energy or kinetic over the driver in a race car; the roll The speed of an object, including energy; work = force * distance, bar prevents the roof from crushing its direction. Velocity = change in or W = F d. the driver during a rollover. distance over time, or v = Δ d/ Δ t. Rotational motion Venturi effect The motion of an object turning The effect produced by narrowing on an axis. a passage of air as the air travels, causing an increase in the speed of Safety features the air, a drop in pressure and a force In an automobile, things that in the direction of the air passage. make the car safer or that make racing safer. thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Teacher Guide 7 Unit Plan Timeline Important Events in American Automobile Racing 1895 The Duryea brothers enter the first American auto race as a way of testing and advertising Race cars their car. from the Collections of The Henry Ford 1902 The first top speed runs are held on the 1901 Ford “Sweepstakes” – Henry Ford’s first race car, beach at Daytona Beach, Florida. which gives him publicity that helps him gain 1910 The first high-banked wooden speedway is financing for his company. built at Playa Del Rey in Southern California. 1902 Ford “999” – Henry Ford’s second race car, 1911 The first Indianapolis 500 race is held. first driven by Barney Oldfield, which gains more positive publicity for Henry Ford. 1947 Bill France organizes mechanics and drivers into the National Association for Stock Car 1906 Locomobile “Old 16” Vanderbilt Cup race car, Auto Racing, called NASCAR. typical of pre-WW I race cars. 1955 The National Hot Rod Association begins 1907 Ford “666”- the car that Henry Ford intends holding national championships for drag racing. to set land speed records, but it does not. 1959 Daytona International Speedway opens 1956 Chrysler 300, a real production car, or true in Florida as one of NASCAR’s most “stock car,” sponsored by Karl Kiekhaeffer. popular races. 1959 Willys “Gasser,” one of the most successful 1960s Paved tracks take over in popularity drag-race cars of all time, converted into from dirt racetracks. dragster and driven by George Montgomery.
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