The Hourly Profile of the Anthropogenic Component of The

Home , Surface energy

(—THIS SIDEBAR DOES NOT PRINT—) The hourly proﬁle of the anthropogenic component of the surface QUICK START (cont.) DESIGN GUIDE energy balance for the urban region of the Mexico City How to change the template color theme This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 70cmx100cm presentation You can easily change the color theme of your poster by going to the DESIGN poster. You can use it to create your research poster and save valuable 1 2 menu, click on COLORS, and choose the color theme of your choice. You can also time placing titles, subtitles, text, and graphics. Gloria Victoria Salas , Claudia Sheinbaum create your own color theme.

We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the 1 Instuto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climáco, Mexico; Instuto de poster design process and answer your poster production questions. To Ingeniería, UNAM, Mexico ! view our template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK.

When you are ready to print your poster, go online to INTRODUCTION RESULTS PosterPresentations.com In Mexico City the surface energy balance has been measured on several occasions, The average value of QF in 2010 is 22.63 Wm-2, with daytime values within the range You can also manually change the color of your background by going to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. After you finish working on the master be sure to go to VIEW > Need assistance? Call us at 1.510.649.3001 allowing only an indirect estimation of the anthropogenic component (the latter study [9.56 Wm-2, 37.68 Wm-2]. The average value estimated for the Mexico City by Oke and was conducted in 1998). This study proposes the estimation of the hourly profile for Jauregui (1998) was about 20 Wm-2. NORMAL to continue working on your poster. this component, breaking it in its different subcomponents. On average during the day, fuel combustion contributes to 65.1%, the electricity Each subcomponent was modeled using time distribution curves of emissions or daily consumption with 27.3% and the human metabolism with 7.6%, which was higher than How to add Text QUICK START electricity demand curves, depending on the heat source. For some subcomponents a the value that is generally assigned to this subcomponent (2%). The highest The template comes with a number of pre-formatted methodological approach bottom-up was achieved, since more detailed activity data contribution subcomponent is transport, with an average time of 42.2% participation; placeholders for headers and text blocks. You can add was obtained. This methodology allows to disaggregate anthropogenic heat emissions followed by industry with 28.4%, residential sector with 14.7%, the human metabolism more blocks by copying and pasting the existing ones or Zoom in and out temporarily, but not at lower geographical level. with 7.6% and commercial sectors and services with 7.1%. by adding a text box from the HOME menu. As you work on your poster zoom in and out to the level that is The results show variations close to 300% during the day for the component. The predominant contribution of activities that implies fossil fuel combustion was more comfortable to you. Go to VIEW > ZOOM. Considering the net surface energy balance, the anthropogenic component represents vehicular transport. This contribution has three periods during the day with local Text size up to 25%, also, this component reaches its maximum within three periods of the day maximum values they are: from 4 to 10 hours, from 11 am to 16 pm; and 17 to 21 Adjust the size of your text based on how much content you have to present. where has also been observed the formation of the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island. hours. Then contributions of industry, residential, human metabolism and commerce The default template text offers a good starting point. Follow the conference Title, Authors, and Affiliations From these results it is concluded that this component should be studied in deep to and services show a steady behavior. The anthropogenic component of heat reaches requirements. Start designing your poster by adding the title, the names of the authors, and the determine its relevance in the urban climatology of the Mexico City. the minimum value at 0 hours and the maximum at 7 hours (Figure 1). affiliated institutions. You can type or paste text into the provided boxes. The Figure 1 Anthropogenic contribution to surface energy balance of Mexico City by template will automatically adjust the size of your text to fit the title box. You source (Wm-2), 2010 How to add Tables can manually override this feature and change the size of your text. METHODOLOGY 40 To add a table from scratch go to the INSERT menu and click on TABLE. A drop-down box will help you select rows and 35 TIP: The font size of your title should be bigger than your name(s) and institution columns. 30 name(s). The anthropogenic component was estimated from four main subcomponents, You can also copy and a paste a table from Word or another PowerPoint document. 25 transport, industry, building and human metabolism. Among the assumptions it is that A pasted table may need to be re-formatted by RIGHT-CLICK > FORMAT SHAPE, 20 TEXT BOX, Margins. 2 energy consumption released only sensible heat and the hourly profile of each -

Wm subcomponent with a combustion processes has the same distribution followed by 15 carbon monoxide emissions registered for that subcomponent within Mexico City. In the 10 Graphs / Charts case of electricity it is assigned the same distribution as the demand curve for 5 You can simply copy and paste charts and graphs from Excel or Word. Some Adding Logos / Seals electricity. The hourly profile of heat from human metabolism is assumed by three reformatting may be required depending on how the original document has been Most often, logos are added on each side of the title. You can insert a logo by different periods of activity during the day. - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 created. dragging and dropping it from your desktop, copy and paste or by going to INSERT The fuel used by transport subcomponent was estimated from characteristics of the Hora Transporte Industria Residencial Comercial y Servicios Metabolismo Humano Total > PICTURES. Logos taken from web sites are likely to be low quality when printed. vehicle fleet like type, model, annual mileage and energy efficiency. The building and How to change the column configuration Zoom it at 100% to see what the logo will look like on the final poster and make industry subcomponents considered fuels sold in the region of Mexico City for CONCLUSIONS any necessary adjustments. stationary combustion. RIGHT-CLICK on the poster background and select LAYOUT to see the column options available for this template. The poster columns can also be customized on And finally, the human metabolism is modeled considering the national population The estimation of the anthropogenic component (Q ) of the surface energy balance for F the Master. VIEW > MASTER. TIP: See if your school’s logo is available on our free poster templates page. recorded by the population census (2010) for each of the towns that make up the Mexico City in 2010, through methodologies bottom-up and top-down provided a value Mexico City. close to experimentally estimated in 1998 by Oke and Jauregui of 20 Wm-2, it is within Photographs / Graphics the range of uncertainty for this study, 22.08 ± 4.94 Wm-2. How to remove the info bars You can add images by dragging and dropping from your desktop, copy and paste, Model The hourly profile of QF as a result of the transport, industry, residential, commercial If you are working in PowerPoint for Windows and have finished your poster, save and services, and human metabolism, allows understanding the contribution of each or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Resize images proportionally by holding down as PDF and the bars will not be included. You can also delete them by going to subcomponent, being more significant the participation of transport sector. the SHIFT key and dragging one of the corner handles. For a professional-looking The anthropogenic heat component Q is given by: VIEW > MASTER. On the Mac adjust the Page-Setup to match the Page-Setup in poster, do not distort your images by enlarging them disproportionally. F According to the Q hourly profile obtained, there is a considerable increase in the PowerPoint before you create a PDF. You can also delete them from the Slide F early hours of the day (4 to 10 hours), which coincides with the period of highest Master. QF=Q +Q +Q Ec. 1 FV FS FM incidence of solar radiation in Mexico City.

It also notes that the dominant subcomponent in most of the day is transportation, Save your work Where the processes of combustion and electric power consumption by transport are specifically for fuel consumption, reaching at certain times of day the average value Save your template as a PowerPoint document. For printing, save as PowerPoint of calculated for Q . represented as QFV, energy consumption by stationary sources as QFS and the heat F “Print-quality” PDF. produced by the human metabolism as Q . FM Furthermore, the local maxima of QF determined at 7, 14 and 18 hours, are within each of the three periods set by Jauregui for the ICU formation. The local maximum of ORIGINAL DISTORTED Corner handles 7 hours, which is also the maximum total is within the period in which the urban heat Print your poster QF=[nij*Li(t)*Efij+Ce(t)+Clm(t)+n*M(t)]/(A*3600) Ec. 2 island is more frequent and intense in Mexico City, 21-10 hours in these hours is When you are ready to have your poster printed go online to

observed during the ICU the dry season, also, in this period 50% of the anthropogenic PosterPresentations.com and click on the “Order Your Poster” button. Choose the Image Quality Check Where: heat is emitted on average. The following maximum, set at 14 hours, is within the poster type the best suits your needs and submit your order. If you submit a Zoom in and look at your images at 100% magnification. If they look good they will period where daytime ICU is observed from 11 to15 hours, but having a lower intensity PowerPoint document you will be receiving a PDF proof for your approval prior to print well. nij The number of cars by type (i) and by model year (j). of 3 to 5 ° C and with relatively shorter duration. Likewise, in this period it is released printing. If your order is placed and paid for before noon, Pacific, Monday through on average 26% of the anthropogenic heat. Friday, your order will ship out that same day. Next day, Second day, Third day, Li The distance traveled per year, by vehicle type and with the hourly profile given for CO by transport. The last local maximum recorded at 18 hours, is in the evening period ranging from 16 and Free Ground services are offered. Go to PosterPresentations.com for more to 20 hours where the ICU has an intensity of between 4 and 5 ° C, and is observed information. Efij Energy efficiency by vehicle type and model year. both in the dry season as rain. Also, within this period it is issued on average 24% of the C The consumption of electricity for transportation. e anthropogenic heat. C Energy consumption by stationary sources. Fuel consumption in industry follows the

prinng quality hourly profile by CO emissions for industry, in commercial and services by the volatile Student discounts are available on our Facebook page. prinng quality organic compounds (VOC) issued from solvents, and in residential by VOC from BIOGRAPHY Go to PosterPresentations.com and click on the FB icon. Bad Good residential leakage and inefficient combustion of LP Gas. In the case of electricity Oke, T. & Jauregui, E. (1999). The energy balance of central Mexico City during the dry season. Atmospheric consumption for all sectors follows the hourly profile of the demand curve for the environment, 33, 3919-3930. Taha, H. (1997). Urban climates and heat islands: albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat. Energy Central Area of the national electricity system. and Buildings, 25, 99-103. l The sectors industry, residential or commercial and services. SMA, (2012). Emissions Inventory of Mexico City Metropolitan Area 2010. Mexico: Ministry of Environment of the m Consumption of fuels or electricity Federal District. CFE, (2011). Electricity curves demand. Direct consultation. n The population of Mexico City. Grimmond, S. (1992). The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid- M It is human metabolic rate. latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions. International Journal of Climatology, 481-497. A The area of Mexico City with urban land use. INEGI. (2012). Geostatistical framework updated National Census of Population and Housing 2010. Mexico, D.F.: INEGI. Smith, C., Lindley, S., & Levermore, G. (2009). Estimating spatial and temporal patterns of urban anthropogenic heat fluxes for UK cities: the case of manchester. Theorical and Applied Climatology, 98(1-2), 19-35. Chavez, B., & Sheinbaum, P. (2014). Sustainable passenger road transport scenarios to reduce fuel consumption, air pollutants and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Energy. SEDESOL, (2012). Delineation of Metropolitan Areas of Mexico 2010 Mexico: Ministry of Social Development, National Population Council, National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Gartland, L. (2011). Causes of the heat islands. En Heat Islands Undestanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas. Londres: Earthscan. © 2013 PosterPresentaons.com Jauregui, E. (1997). Heat island development in Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment, 31(22), 3821-3831. 2117 Fourth Street , Unit C Berkeley CA 94710