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PUBLISHED WEEKLY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR The Sentinel OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY

VOL. VII/ NEW YORK, JANUARY 8, 1903 NO. 2

No one thought of vindicating religion FOR THE CONSCIENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL, till a voice in Judea, breaking day for the greatest epoch in the life of humanity, by establishing a pure, spiritual, and universal religion for all mankind, enjoined to render to Ceasar ONLY THAT WHICH IS CEASAR'S. The rule was upheld during the infancy of the for all men. No sooner 'teas this religion adopted by the chief of the Roman Empire, than it was shorn of its character of universality, and en- thralled by an unholy connection with the unholy state. And so it continued till the new nation—the least defiled rk,ith the barren scoffings of the eighteenth century, the most general believer in Christianity of any people of that age, the chief heir of the in its purest forms—when it came to establish a go7lernment for the United States, REFUSED TO TREAT FAITH AS A MATTER TO BE REGULATED BY A CORPORATE BODY, OR HAVING A HEADSHIP IN A MONARCH OR A STATE. George Bancroft.

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We believe the mere announcement of this fact will induce hundreds to secure a sufficient number of copies to supply their Sabbath-school classes and friends who 5: are interested in the subject. It is so filled with incidents :;: resulting from the ope:a.ion of the Spirit on hearts that it will be eagerly read by all.

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OF CffEUSTUAM LOZERTY

VOL. XVIII NEW YORK, ATHURSDAY. JANUARY 8, 1903 No. 2

One person cannot "hold on" to the opportunity as anything can possibly be. Sabbath for another. The soul is not brought into concord with w God by force, nor are God's opportuni- The champions of Sunday enforcement ties for coming into the soul subject to, would keep a man from losing "at least or to be regulated by, human legislation. one-seventh" of his life by depriving him • of his liberty one-seventh of the time. According to the champions of Sunday This is indeed a peculiar sort of benefi- enforcement "there is no other way in cence. which we can save the church or the nation" but by "saving" the "Sabbath," Before they undertake to enforce its and the "Sabbath" cannot be saved with- observance the "friends of the Sabbath" out legislation. This is equivalent to say- should find out just what Sabbath ob- ing that church and nation can be saved servance is. And when they have found by legislation, and only by legislation. that out in truth they will know that This agrees perfectly with the principle force has no place whatever in the matter. which underlies all religious legislation, • but we are inclined to believe that this is "Two heads are better than one" does a scheme of that is exceedingly not seem to have proved true with the deficient. The church or the nation Papacy, with which one head in most which has no hope of salvation except cases has been always bad enough. The through legislation has no hope of salva- notorious historical fact that the Papacy tion at all. has during several periods of its history had two at the same time does not The "outrage" of working seven days strengthen the fundamental claims and in the week will hardly compare in hei- pretensions of that institution, but it does nousness with the outrage of denying to indicate strikingly its real nature and others the right to labor even one day in character. the week. Even if the preposterous as- sertion and assumption of the champions The Sabbath is "God's opportunity to of Sunday enforcement were true, that come into the soul and tune it up in con- the "use of Sunday for toil means the cord with Himself," but it is an oppor- shortening of life about twelve years," tunity that can be improved only by free means that a man's life "will be shortened and voluntary choice. An enforced "Sab- at least one-seventh," it does not follow bath" is about as far from being such an that other people have the right to step 8 THE SENTINEL OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY in and deny him the exercise of a fun- The widespread opposition in damental human right and to deprive him to the famous Education Bill proved un- of the use, as he chooses to use it, of "at availing so far as its enactment into law least one-seventh" of his time, which is is concerned. The measure was passed really just so much of his life. A man's by the English parliament before it was life, time, and rights are his own, and if prorogued on December 18. Some there is any robbing to be done in the changes were made during the course of matter, he is the person to do it, and not its passage, but in its essential features those who assume that they can control the bill remained the same. Mr. James his time and conduct better than he can Bryce led the opposition to the measure himself. in the House of Commons. It will be in- :• teresting now to see how this church-and- In a recent issue The Defender, of state measure works in practise. Some Boston, publishes in full the "Revised have predicted that the disestablishment Lord's Day Laws of Massachusetts, of the English Church, bringing entire 1902." No doubt these laws are mighty separation of church and state, will be supports for the Sunday cause, but one the eventual result. If so, then the meas- cannot but wonder why there are not ure is a sort of blessing in disguise. presented some unrevised laws of the • Lord on this subject. We are of the In speaking of that prodigy peculiar to opinion that the Sunday cause would be American journalism, Printers' Ink says much better off if, instead of having to " the Sunday newspaper is an American rely upon man-made laws, it could appeal institution, and scarcely exists else- to a law of the Lord in its behalf. A law where." The advocates of Sunday en- of the Lord on this subject would be forcement are continually holding up worth more than a whole library of the Sunday, or rather its observance, as an statutes of Massachusetts or any other American institution. Can they prove State or civil power. that it has as good a claim to be known • as an American institution as has the In commenting on the protest of the Sunday newspaper, which they are con- Salt Lake City clergymen against the tinually decrying in the name of their election of "Apostle" Reed Smoot to the so-called American institution? If the The Outlook well says : Senate, friends of Sunday observance are going So long as the conduct of a Mormon is in conformity with our laws it would be an un- to base their cause upon the claim that constitutional act of religious persecution to it is " American," they are very likely to deny him a public office to which he is discoVer that there are some things which elected... The fundamental principle in a they oppose that have as good or better republic is the equal right of all constituencies right to be than has the Sunday institu- to representation in shaping the laws by which all shall be governed, and so long as a repre- tion. sentative selected by a State observes the na- • tional law his right to his seat is not to be Reports that have come from time to questioned. time seem to indicate that the Roman The Outlook is of the opinion that the Church authorities in the Philip- protest presents some very good reasons pines are of the opinion that it is the duty why the legislature of Utah should not of the civil authorities to take sides in the send "Apostle" Smoot to the Senate, but split that has occurred in "the Church" no reasons at all why the Senate should out there, that the government ought to exclude him if he is sent. give special support to the regular Roman EDITORIAL 19

Catholic organization and oppose the in- will be given much attention in these dependent movement that is being led negotiations. It is said that the majority by Aglipay. This is, of course, a thor- of the native priests in the Philippines oughly consistent Roman Catholic atti- sympathize with the "national church" tude, but, although it was reported a movement, and, of course, it must follow while back that "the independent church that the majority of the native church movement is being watched closely in people favor it. And it would seem that government and political circles," and the moral, if not the legal, right of these that the authorities had in some instances native priests and church people to the compelled the dissenters to vacate church property, or to so much of it as churches which they had taken posses- they have possession of or were in pos- sion of, we are glad to say that the gov- session of before this independent move- ernment seems to hold a different atti- ment began, is very much greater than tude in the matter. The "schismatics," any that can be claimed by the represent- as they are styled by the Romanists, have atives of the , most of whom are very naturally held on to all the church foreigners. property they could. The Roman Cath- olic authorities appealed to Governor "Whom the gods• would destroy they Taft "to dispossess the schismatics" and first make mad," is the old proverb of to restore the property to "the Church," which we are reminded by the charge but he refused to take action, holding made from time to time by Sunday-en- that "the question was one for adjust- forcement advocates that seventh-day ob- ment by the civil courts." Appeal was servers are enemies of religion and of then made to Washington, and Secretary law and order, are the allies of "infidels, of War Root has just sustained Governor atheists, anarchists, and the lawless." It Taft's decision in the matter. This, it is is possible for spite to overreach itself, said, "practically throws into the hands and it is evident that when clerical ad- of the civil courts in the Philippines for vocates of Sunday enforcement so far al- decision the controversy between the two low prejudice and passion to dominate elements in the in the is- their reasoning and moral faculties that lands." Of course the civil courts can they will unblushingly seek to brand as properly have nothing to do with decid- atheists and anarchists a class of people ing the controversy between these two who are among the most devoutly relig- elements, further than to decide as to ious and most conscientiously peaceful where the ownership of the property in and orderly to be found in the country, question rests. But will they be able to they are seriously afflicted with that avoid improper entanglements in this new suicidal distemper which the ancients at- phase of the Philippine religious ques- tributed to the malevolence of the gods. tion, which has already caused the Seventh-day Christians are not likely to authorities to do some very strange be injured much by such charges, but things? The entangling nature of the such can hardly be said for those who matter not lessened any by the fact that make these charges. Those who descend the property in controversy is part of that to such methods are not serving their "to which title must be passed to the cause very well, we can assure them, for United States if the negotiations now if they want to make sure of securing for in progress between Governor Taft and it and themselves the contempt of sen- Monsignor Guidi succeed." It is not sible, fair-minded people they cannot do likely that the claims of the "schismatics" better than to continue the use of such 20 THE SENTINEL OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY methods in its behalf. As will be noticed force, only serves to show the real nature elsewhere, Dr. M. D. Kneeland, of the of the Sunday cause. If it were sup- New England Sabbath (Sunday) Protec- ported by truth its champions would not tive (Enforcement) League, reiterated only not have to resort to misrepresenta- such charges at the late convention of tion, but they would be able to get along the Wisconsin Rest Day Association. We without the support of the law, for which may say right here that the addresses de- they now so persistently clamor. But livered on this occasion by Dr. Kneeland force can never make up for the absence were two stereotyped addresses that he of truth, and because it cannot there will has been delivering at every opportunity always be resort to other equally futile for some time past, and that one of them expedients by the champions of Sunday seems to have been enlivened only by enforcement. making more prominent and reckless the silly charge against "the Saturday Sab- Tke Protest Against the Election bath-keepers." We cannot do better here of "Apostle" Smoot than to quote a portion of the very fitting comment made by the Sabbath Recorder THE Ministerial Alliance of Salt Lake ( Seventh-day Baptist) : City recently adopted resolutions strongly protesting against the election to the The main value of the incident is to show .United States Senate of " Apostle " Reed how much men like Mr. Kneeland fear the Smoot, one of the " twelve apostles " of influence of the plain truth that the seventh day of the week is the only Sabbath, and to the Mormon Church. It is declared that what unfairness and injustice that fear (and the effort to elect Mr. Smoot is " an en- hatred ?) impels them. Logically and histori- deavor to force upon the citizens of Utah cally those who reject the Sabbath and pro- a union of church and state," and that claim that the Fourth Commandment and the his election to the Senate would be equiv- example of Christ in keeping the Sabbath are of no account, have created a prominent source alent to " the election of the will of the of unfaith in the Bible, and of the Godless Mormon first presidency and twelve holidayism which prevails. Such a position apostles to that body," and " would be a teaches people to doubt the Bible as authority, menace to our civilized and religious since its friends thus set aside its plain teach- beliefs." A copy of these resolutions was ings and substitute the Roman Catholic doc- trine of church authority, or some less definite to be sent to every ministerial alliance theory, as their ground for so doing. Whoever of prominence in the country, to Presi- discards the Decalogue and ignores the ex- dent Roosevelt, and " to every senator ample and teachings of Christ, as Mr. Knee- and representative, and others prominent land does, promotes infidelity. in political life." Mr. Kneeland's false charges are another illustration of the general law that when men It may be that there is a sort of union have created evil results by their own theories of church and state in this matter of and actions they are likely to charge those re- sending " Apostle " Smoot to the Senate, sults to those whose adherence to the truth but one cannot but wish that those who they reject exposes their wrong-doing and in- are so quick to see it and denounce it consistency. Truth can wait. Whether Mr. Kneeland can afford to misrepresent the posi- were equally alive to the same thing in tion and character of Sabbath-keepers, we leave other directions. Even if it be true that him to decide. That he fears the influence of the Mormon Church and its adherents the truth they teach there is abundant evi- are endeavoring to send Mr. Smoot to dence. the Senate for the purpose of having " the The employment of misrepresentation will of the Mormon first presidency and in its behalf, as does the employment of twelve apostles " exerted in that body, it EDITORIAL 21

does not appear that they are aiming at than there can be in the sending of a anything worse than has actually been Mormon " apostle " to the Senate. If it carried out by other great religious is proper for the other churches of the bodies. Several years ago the great re- country to exert their will at the nation's ligious bodies of the country flooded the capital through a " Christian lobby," a Senate and House with " petitions " de- sort of " third house," why is it not manding the passage of that plain and proper for the Mormon Church to send a unmistakable church-and-state measure representative to Congress ? Even ad- requiring the Chicago World's Fair to mitting that the Salt Lake Ministerial remain closed on Sundays. The religious Alliance is correct in what it so positively forces behind that measure gave it to be asserts, is it any worse for the Mormon understood that if the measure was de- Church and its adherents to send a repre- feated those responsible for its defeat sentative to the Senate for the purpose of would be " knifed at the polls," and it exerting the will of that church in that was declared upon the floor of the Senate body than it was for, the Presbyterian, itself that none of those who voted against Methodist, Roman Catholic and other the measure " would ever come back here great religious bodies, by threats of po- again." The measure went through, and litical assassination of all who opposed then it was boasted by the religious lead- their church-and-state demand, so to ers that " we hold the United States Sen- dominate the Senate that they could boast ate in our hands." that " we hold the United States Senate And that was not the only time that in our hands "? In our opinion the the churches have in recent years exerted course of the Mormon Church, even if it such influence. In fact, there is main- be exactly what it is declared to be, is the tained in Washington to-day, and has far more decent and honorable course. been for years, a " Christian lobby," a There is most certainly a dangerous en- sort of " third house of Congress " as is deavor on foot to force not Only upon the boasted by those immediately in charge citizens of Utah, but upon the citizens of of it, that is there, according to its own the whole country, a union of church and spokesmen, " to speak to Government in state, but that danger does not lie in the behalf of all denominations," as " a com- direction in which the Salt Lake Minis- mittee on resolutions to carry out the re- terial Association scents it. When this form resolutions of the churches "—that country is saddled with the evil incubus is, it is there for the express purpose of church-and-state union the saddle will of exerting the will of the churches in not be occupied by the Mormon Church. • national legislation, for the purpose of It is very unlikely that that church will making the will of the churches as be allowed even to " ride behind " or to churches felt in Congress, for the pur- hang to the stirrups. pose of bringing church influence and e• pressure to bear upon the men whom the Photographers of Woodward Avenue, people have sent there to execute their Detroit, Mich., have entered into an will in the making of laws. agreement which binds them under pen- We do not hear of ministerial alliances alty of a forfeiture for any violation not making any stir over and protesting to give sittings in their studios on Sun- against the activities of Mr. Wilbur F. day. As a result " it is now believed Crafts and his " Reform Bureau " at the that the open gallery on Sunday is a national capital, but it is difficult to dis- thing of the past." A bill was introduced cover anything less reprehensible in that in the Michigan legislature two years ago 22 THE SENTINEL OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY

" forbidding keeping galleries open on ing that its partizanship for the party in Sunday, but it failed to pass by one vote." power is second only to its partizanship for capital, its opinion on this point is worth heeding. Another Step Away from Con- It appears, then, that this last great stitutional Government dispute and battle between capital and labor has compelled the chief executive HOWEVER necessary it may have bden, of the country to take extra-constitu- and however commendable in itself, it is tional action, to do what he is not author- certain that when the President of the ized by the Constitution to do, which is, United States undertook as he did to as far as it goes, government by one— settle the coal strike he took a step that the exercise of one-man authority—and must be regarded as one of the most that Congress has sanctioned the prece- significant developments that have yet dent. The idea may seem foolish to been brought to pass by the struggle be- some, but nevertheless there is danger tween capital and labor in this country. in this precedent. That those who have Commenting on the recent passage by most heartily approved the course of Congress of the bill providing for the the President in the matter realize this compensation of the members of the com- to a degree is shown by the fact that mission appointed by the President to some of them have argued that the Presi- settle the dispute between the union mi- dent did not act in his official capacity, ners and the coal operators, Harper's but merely as the first citizen of the na- Weekly says : It is, then, established, so far as Congress tion upon whom it most fitly devolved to can establish anything, that Mr. Roosevelt, take action in such a crisis. And the Sen- acting not in his private capacity, but as Presi- ate expressly acknowledged that the prec- dent, has the right, whenever he sees fit, to edent was one that it preferred not to create offices not authorized by the Constitu- approve when it fixed the official name tion or any law ; that he may appoint persons to such offices without the advice and consent of the commission appointed by the Presi- of the Senate, and that provision ought to be dent as the "Anthracite Coal Strike Ar- made by Congress for the remuneration of such bitration," avoiding the use of the word persons. The hope that the gravity of the in- "commission," and thus technically mak- novation would be brought out in debate, and ing of the members of this body "arbi- that, at all events, the Democratic Senators would oppose the bestowal of a power unknown trators, and not commissioners, who are to the Constitution on the President, was dis- generally public officers." But it is the appointed. fact, nevertheless, that these arbitrators The Weekly says "Senator Morgan are commissioners and public officers, pointed out that the House bill established and it is also a fact that no argument can a precedent that might one day prove change, that in appointing this commis- dangerous," but that he "refrained from sion and in doing the other things that he declaring that the Anthracite Commission did to settle the coal strike, the President ought not to be recognized in any way acted as President and not as a private by Congress." The New York Sun citizen. The fact that the situation vir- speaks of the bill as "providing com- tually compelled him to take the action pensation from the Treasury for the that he did does not change the fact that members and servants of Mr. Roosevelt's what he did was a grave innovation, as unlawfully appointed Coal Strike Com- stated by Harper's Weekly. It simply mission." But, of course, The Sun speaks shows that the great combinations of cap- as the partizan of capital ; hut, consider- ital and labor in this country, with their

EDITORIAL 23

increasing power and constantly recur- among the people, asking them not to buy ring disputes and struggles, are becom- of stores that kept open on Sunday," with ing more and more a menace to govern- the result that the trade of such stores ment by the people, to government by had decreased one-half, he declared that law, for they are virtually compelling the they were almost through with that kind exercise of one-man power in govern- of work. He thus indicated the kind of ment. work that is now to be taken up : We are going to use force. We are in a • position now so we can do it. We have the Clerks and Clergy Uniie for En- sympathy and support of every union in the city. We will demand of the legislature, and forced Sunday Closing have placed on the statute books, a law that will close every store in Illinois on Sunday. If On the evening of December 4 there you will help us [addressing the ministers] to was held in the Park Avenue Methodist get our Sunday, the people will so crowd your Episcopal Church, in Chicago, a joint churches that instead of wondering how you meeting of representatives of the union are going to fill all these empty seats, you will clerks and of a federation of churches in be building additions to your churches. This was greeted with applause. The the interests of the Sunday closing of Rev. Mr. Cady expressed himself as stores. The meeting was held under the ready to stand by the Sunday-closing auspices of " the fifteen Federated movement " to the last ounce of my Churches of the West Side," and was physical and intellectual being." But he brought about by representatives of this declared that the movement could not be organization, who invited representatives a success unless Sunday " was recognized of the clerks to meet with them to discuss as God's day, as a holy day, not a holi- the question : " What can the churches do day." But he declared that he did not to help out the Sunday-closing move- believe in a Puritan Sunday. He was ment? " T. J. Johnston, secretary of the sure that all things, animate and inani- Chicago Federated Clerks' Council, and mate, needed one day's rest in seven, and H. J. Conway, first vice-president of the he agreed with Beaconsfield that " the Retail Clerks' International Protective Sabbath is the cornerstone of civiliza- Association, addressed the meeting in be- tion." He wanted the clerks to under- half of the clerks, and Rev. M. E. Cady, . stand that " they have the support of the pastor of the Western Avenue Methodist churches." This was applauded. He Church, spoke for the church federation. thought there were three ways in which Mr. Conway declared that the clerks church people could help in the Sunday- were compelled to labor from twelve to closing movement : By " keeping the Sab- sixteen and eighteen hours on week days bath themselves " ; by " not buying from and until two o'clock on Sundays, and stores that open on Sunday " ; and by that the time had come for a change. " favoring those that close on Sunday." The workingman wanted " a Sabbath, a day of rest that he could spend with his • family," and he also demanded " that If it is true that government can pro- most holy of all days, Christmas." Mr. tect only one thing at a time, and that the Johnston said the stores would be closed protection of one thing requires the sup- on the Christmas then coming for the pression for the time being of everything first time in the history of the city. After else, then indeed the sort of " protection " telling of how the clerks, in their agita- that is demanded by Sunday-law cham- tion for Sunday closing, had " worked pions is sane and sensible. The Supremacy of the Papacy 'By Alonzo T. Jones VI

THE PAPACY—THE VERY SAME PAPACY THAT THE WORLD KNEW IN THE TENTH CENTURY—IS TO-DAY AIMING TO SECURE TO HERSELF A RECOGNIZED SUPREMACY IN WORLD AFFAIRS. SHE HAD THIS ONCE. THE ARTICLES THAT ARE APPEARING UNDER THE ABOVE HEADING ARE A STUDY OF HOW SHE USED IT. SINCE IT IS HER OWN BOAST THAT " NEVER CHANGES," TO KNOW WHAT SHE DID WITH SUCH SUPREMACY WHEN SHE HAD IT IS TO KNOW WHAT SHE WILL DO WITH IT WHEN SHE SECURES IT AGAIN.

S soon as the death of Clement was versity of Paris received this word with known in Paris, the university ad- joy, and sent to him an address, in which dressed the king, begging him to they recognized him as pope, and highly prohibit the cardinals at from commended his noble sentiments. To this electing another pope. The king sent a he replied anew, suiting his action to the message to this effect to the cardinals at word : "I am as ready to resign the office Avignon. The king of Aragon also ad- as to take off this cap." dressed them to the same purpose. The Before the death of Clement VII., of Treves, Mayence; and Co- Boniface IX. had made proclamation to logne made the same request. And Pope the world that he was anxious to end the Boniface, of course, did the same. But schism. But each pope was willing to the cardinals had taken precaution, and end the schism only by having the other forestalled all these things. Being in one resign. The two popes were now : solemn conclave, they refused to receive Benedict XIII., at Avignon, (Sept. 28, any communications of any kind what- 1394, to Nov. 29, 1424), and Boniface ever until their deliberations might be IX., at Rome, (Nov. 2, 1389, to Oct. I, ended. They agreed, however, amongst 1404). themselves, and took a solemn oath, that THE FRUITLESS EFFORT OF RULERS TO • "whoever was chosen should at once re- RESTORE ORDER TO THE PAPACY sign the papacy at the request of the car- The miseries of this papal anarchy had dinals, provided Boniface also would re- now become so great that the king of sign." France took the lead in having the great The conclave chose the carditial of powers of Christendom unite to save the Luna, who had repeatedly lamented the Papacy from itself. He sent representa- schism, and had openly declared that if tives to and to England to he were pope he would put an end to it further this purpose. The University of at once. And when he sent to the king of Paris entered a standing appeal from all France the notice of his election, he in- the acts of Benedict XIII. to a future one formed the king that it was only the im- who should be true and universal pope. portunity of the cardinals that had com- Benedict issued a but: ;.!enouncing this as pelled him to accept the unwelcome of- defamatory libel. A national assembly of fice of pope ; but that he was fully pre- the State and Church of France met in pared to do whatever was advisable to Paris, approved the king's plan, and sent bring peace to the Church. The Uni- ambassadors to Benedict beseeching him THE SUPREMACY OF THE PAPACY 25 to comply. He made answer as follows: dinances he will, I will hold my title and Know all of you, princes of the State and popedom till I die !" The ambassador Church, that you are my subjects, since God begged of him to consult his cardinals. has submitted all men to my authority ! Know He consented, and the cardinals assem- that the cardinals have no other power than bled in full consistory. He made to them that of choosing as pope the most worthy of their number, and as soon as they have de- a speech, and withdrew. The cardinals clared him supreme chief of the Church, the consulted, and advised him to submit to Holy Spirit suddenly illuminates him. He be- the request of the kings. But he de- comes infallible, and his power equals that of clared : "I have been invested by God in God: he can be no longer subjected to any the papacy. I will not renounce it for sway. He is placed above the powers of the earth, and he cannot be deposed from the count, nor duke, nor king !" The car- apostolic throne, even by his own desire. The dinals then sent again to Benedict, this dignity of the pontiff is, finally, so redoubtable time the king's ambassador. But Bene- that the world should listen to our decrees, dict again replied : bend in the dust, and tremble at our word!— De Cormenin. Pope I have written myself ; pope I have Two years passed, and the efforts of been acknowledged by all my subjects; pope I will remain to the end of my days. And tell the king of France were so well received my son, the king of France, that I thought him by the powers of Europe that, in 1398, till now a good Catholic: he will repent of his at an assembly of the States and clergy errors. Warn him in my name not to bring of France, it was announced that not only trouble on his conscience. the king and Church of France had de- Next a marshal of France, with troops, termined to demand the renunciation of was sent to remove Benedict and to com- the papacy by both popes, but that in this pel him to resign. Even the citizens of were united the kings of , Bohe- Avignon were in favor of compelling him mia, England, Aragon, Castile, Navarre, to resign. But to this he replied : "I will and Sicily. This same assembly uncondi- summon the gonfalonier of the Church, tionally withdrew allegiance from Bene- the king of Aragon, to my aid. I will dict XIII., and this act was published by raise troops along the Riviera as far as letters throughout the kingdom of France. When these letters reached Genoa. What fear ye? Guard ye your Avignon even the cardinals there with- city, I'll guard my palace !" But Bene- drew from Pope Benedict. A represent- dict's "gonfalonier of the Church" would ative of the emperor, of the king of not respond, except with the words : France, and of the clergy of both Ger- "Does the priest think that for him I will many and France, was sent to Rome to plunge into a war with the king of present to Boniface IX. their request for France?" his renunciation. When the pope's at- The people of Avignon and the car- tendants began to show some fear that dinals surrendered to the marshal at the he might concede to the request, he said first summons. Benedict endured a short to them : "My good children, pope I am, siege, but surrendered. He was not -pope I will remain, despite all entreaty really taken prisoner. He was allowed of the kings of France and Germany !" to remain in his palace and grounds, but The representative returned to France, was held thus a prisoner for five years, and was sent on a like errand to Pope 1398-1403. In this time divisions had Benedict XIII., at Avignon. The only arisen amongst the nobles. The king of answer he could get from Benedict was: Sicily forced his way into the presence "Let the king of France issue what or- of Benedict, and assured Benedict of his 26 THE SENTINEL OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY full and loyal allegiance. March 12, bassadors remarked : "At least our mas- 1403, Benedict escaped in disguise from ter is guiltless of simony." This struck his palace, took a boat, dropped down Pope Boniface IX. so straight as to the River Rhone, and took refuge in the arouse his anger to such a pitch that he strong fortress held by 500 soldiers of the fell into a fit, and had to be carried to king of Sicily. There he summoned to his bed, upon which, three days after- him his cardinals. They went ; and he ward, he died, Oct. 2, 1404. was complete pope again. The cardinals in Rome immediately as- Before an assembly of the clergy in sembled to elect' a pope. First of all Paris two cardinals appeared to plead the they pledged one another in a solemn oath cause of Benedict. The University of that whosoever of them should be chosen Paris itself was divided. The king of to the papacy, he would abdicate just as France changed his attitude, and restored soon as Benedict XIII. would do the to Benedict the allegiance of the realm, same. Cosmo Megliorotto was elected, declaring : "So long as I live, I will and took the name of Innocent VII. (Oct. acknowledge him alone as the vicar of 12, 1404, to Nov. 13, 1406). Christ." To the king and the whole The anarchy grew so great in Rome kingdom Benedict still made his loud pro-. that the pope and his cardinals were com- fessions of his eagerness to quench the pelled to flee for their lives. They took schism. He sent an embassy to Boniface refuge in . Ladislaus, the king of in Rome. Boniface refused to receive , undertook to take possession of them unless they would come before him, the city of Rome. "The whole city was a recognizing him as pope. Some of them great battlefield. The soldiers of Ladis- did so, and pleaded with him to appoint laus set fire to it in four quarters." a place to meet with representatives of However, he was compelled to withdraw, Benedict, and discuss their rival claims, and the people begged the pope to return. with a view to quenching the schism. This he did March 13, 1406, and re- Boni face answered: "I alone am pope; mained until his death, Nov. 13 of the Peter de Luna is an ." The am- same year.

Inasmuch as the interesting report of close hereafter at eleven instead of at the late convention of the Wisconsin twelve o'clock on Saturday night. " The Sunday Rest Day Association is so much reason for this is that if the doors of the Sunday enforcement matter, and is some- shops are kept open until midnight, the what lengthy, we have given up to it tonsorial artists will be forced to attend this week the space that would otherwise to the needs of several of their customers have been occupied by our "Sunday En- on Sunday morning." The new rule forcement" department. Next week this " will preclude the necessity of laboring department will be filled with interesting on the Sabbath day." items giving the kernel of what has re- cently taken place in this line at many e• different points. If any one is inclined to believe that the Sunday-enforcement cause is not relig- The union barbers of Janesville, Wis., ious, let him turn and read the utterances have become so extremely careful with made at the late convention of the Wis- regard to Sunday work that they have consin Sunday Rest Day Association, and adopted a rule that all union shops must be convinced otherwise. The Late Annual Gathering of the Wisconsin "Reform" Forces By H. W. Reed, Oshkosh, Wis.

(Concluded)

HE convention of the Sunday Rest was presented by the field secretary at the T Day Association was held on one second session, and here is some of what day, and consisted of three sessions, it contained : morning, afternoon, and evening of No- God has not lost His grip on the churches, vember 19. The president of this organi- and while God rules His holy day will more zation is the Rev. 0. P. Bestor, a Baptist and more triumph. He is awakening the pas- minister of Milwaukee. The field secre- tors to fight with Him for His holy day. The tary and active spirit is the Rev. J. B. city of Ontario has stopped its Sunday excur- Davidson of Milwaukee. The leading sions. In Norway they close all things on the Lord's day. Germany, Austria, and other features announced upon the program countries are doing the same thing, although were two addresses by M. D. Kneeland, Germany has to have her beer gardens open D.D., Secretary of the New England Sunday afternoons. The labor union in Can- Sabbath (Sunday) Protective League. ada joins with the churches to stop Sunday There was to have been an address by sport. In Wisconsin the secretary has given 187 Rev. J. E. Farmer, Methodist Episcopal addresses during the year, and one address is presiding elder, of Appleton, on "How given in every town especially for the defense to Induce Christians to Keep the Lord's of the Lord's day. We work with the pastors, Day more Holy and Defend It more Vig- and especially with the foreign-speaking priests orously," and also one by Rev. R. H. and ministers. More and more Catholics co- operate with us. One Catholic priest furnished Weller, Bishop Coadjutor, Episcopal a hall for the secretary to speak in a town Church, of Fond du Lac, on "Jesus' Res- where nine-tenths were Catholics. Hundreds urrection and the Lord's Day," but both of towns have succeeded in Sunday closing. these gentlemen were absent. The closing of all shops must be made sure, These sentences occurred in the pray- so that none will be left open to take advantage of the others. ers offered at the opening of the first One important part of our work is the print- session : ing of the "Lord's Day Papers." There is no other way of reaching all but by putting these We thank thee that thou art drawing the leaflets into every home. In Sheboygan the denominations more together. secretary's work was followed by putting leaf- We ask thy special blessing upon this Sun- lets into every home for one and one-half day Rest Day Association. We look with great years, and the friends and enemies of the Sab- alarm upon the desecration of thy holy Sab- bath day say that it was through the influence bath. of those leaflets that their mayor was elected. We are especially concerned about this mat- The executive committee have planned to ter of the preservation of thy holy Sabbath day make an investigation of the observance of the —this day when our Lord came forth from the Sabbath throughout the State. The enemy is grave, and which has been observed through mighty, but God is more mighty. Those who all ages. We are alarmed about this thing, for are for us are more than those who are against so many desecrate it and make light of it. us. We find three classes of people: First, This day has been seriously desecrated. It is those who take the Sunday paper, visit the thy day, and we pray that thou wilt assist us post-office on Sunday, and travel on the Sun- in raising up a standard against these things. day trains; second, those who are indifferent The report of the executive committee to the Sabbath day and so certify; third, those 28 THE SENTINEL OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY who say the Lord's day is lost and there is no the head man that I was sorry to see the work use in trying to save it. The only way to con- going on on that day, but did not threaten him quer is to awaken the churches to the needs at all. After awhile I went out again and the of humanity. They must realize that they can- crew had left. So you see the influence we not grow in Christ unless they give God a place may have in this way. The law [Sunday law?] on that day. The Sabbath is God's opportunity of Wisconsin is the law of Christ. It is just the to come into the soul and tune it up in concord same as they had in the days of Christ when the with Himself. There is no other way in which disciples went through the wheat fields on the we can save the church or the nation. It is only Sabbath. through united, organized work that we can secure the observance of the Sabbath. If we Following the adoption of the report of lose the Sabbath, all is gone. the executive committee Dr. Kneeland, A brief discussion preceded the adop- of Boston, gave his first address. It was tion of this report. Rev. J. I. Seder, of entitled "The Storm Center of Modern Milwaukee, a minister of the Evangelical Reforms," and was in part as follows : Association Church, said among other We are here for the defending of the dear things : Sabbath. There is one great battle to be fought, and the Christian Sabbath lies at the center of We need to scatter more of our literature. it. The battle of the ages lies around the As was stated, in one city the election of a Christian Sabbath. I say without fear that mayor was affected by this literature. The there is no question to-day which should re- literature should be scattered in the German ceive more careful and prayerful thought. It language. We need the co-operation of the seems at present that there is a great tendency Catholics, and those who speak the different to swing from this thing. We find a great deal languages. In this work of preserving the of indifference. We shall this afternoon take Christian Sabbath we want to rise above every- an inventory of the stock to see what we have thing and keep in view that we are aiming to on hand. If God shows that we are on the carry out the work of the one Lord and Mas- wrong side, let us get onto the right side. ter. We should do more in the future than we Among the first of the enemies of the Chris- have done in the past. I think we will find tian Sabbath are the Saturday Sabbath-keepers, that if the Sabbath day is broken down we will who have allied themselves with atheists, in- not have any more that influence for the sav- fidels, anarchists, and the lawless. ing of souls that we will have if the Sabbath Some of these have been heard to say, Away with Sun- day is preserved in its purity. day, it is a curse ! No doubt many of these This brought from Secretary Davidson are conscientious men and women, but they do the declaration that "the Germans of everything to bring contempt upon the day. Milwaukee have given twice as much to They bring bills into the legislature in New our work as have the Americans of Mil- England, and they are doing more to injure waukee." Dr. Colman, of Milwaukee, the cause of the Sabbath than any other class of people that can be named. said he was greatly pleased with the re- I will mention another class of enemies. port, and that "the Sunday Rest Day As- These are the indifferent ones of society. sociation is accomplishing a great and These people chill everything. We get little good work in securing the observance of or no help from them, but we receive a direct the Sabbath day." Rev. Cutler said that injury because of their silent, indifferent atti- "most of my members work for the Chi- tude. The third class we may call greedy worldlings. These people want to make money cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, out of Sunday, and it seems that some of them and I wish it could be influenced to let delight to have it known. Sometimes they are its employees worship God on the Sab- at the head of large corporations, and some- bath day." Rev. Lamb, of Madison, said times they are humble workers, who fancy they among other things : can make one, two, three or five dollars extra, and so they do seven days' work in the week. One Sabbath when I came home from church This is the commercial spirit that has seized I found a company of men at work laying un- upon us. The motorman who ran over the derground wires in front of my house. I told President the other day said that he had the •

WISCONSIN SUNDAY REST DAY ASSOCIATION CONVENTION 29 right of way. Sabbath desecration claims the The discussion which followed the right of way, and anything that stands in its above address showed very clearly that way must be trampled under foot. But let us those who are ready to prescribe to others not put all of this onto the day laborers, for some of us are about as bad. Where do we in the matter of Sunday observance, and stand in this matter? God has given us in to use force in compelling others to follow New England victory after victory. their direction in the matter, are not Another class of the enemies of the Sabbath agreed themselves as to what is proper are the devotees of pleasure. We find them Sunday observance The matter of riding on wheels of pleasure going by the church door. We find them in the Sunday excursion on Sunday street-cars and reading Sun- trains. These are the people who are giving day papers came to the front. Rev. their money in the way of self-gratification, Edmunds, of Milwaukee, said : and yet who squeeze a nickel the longest when It is very seldom that I ride on the Lord's asked to give it to this work. They tell us they day. More than once I have walked between are members of the kingdom of heaven, but the morning and the evening service from three they cannot find time to trouble themselves to eight miles. In Milwaukee I have broken over these things. I ask the man who is not over the rules, because the distance I had to willing to give something to these things if he go was so great, and others did it, but I do is worthy to be a member of the family of not believe it is right. In my conscience before heaven. God I cannot do that thing. I don't allow my- One man came to me in New England and self to buy Sunday morning papers, and I won't told me that there was nothing that could save read the Sunday papers on week days. I will the Sabbath, that these things have come to not allow myself to patronize a store where stay. But I told him that nothing had come the Sunday paper is made a feature. to stay except the kingdom of Christ. When the Sabbath is overthrown Christ must get off Miss Lticy Page Gaston said she would from His throne. make a confession. She "always used to walk and never took the steam or elec- It would seem then that in the estima- tric cars, but lately my work has been all tion of its promoters this work of "saving over in so many places that I find it the Sabbath" by legislation and otherwise necessary to take the cars in order to is really a work to keep Christ from be- reach my places of meeting." She said ing taken "off from His throne" On she believed "that if God gives us our the following Friday evening, in the Sev- work in walking distance we should walk, enth-day Adventist church in Baraboo, but if not, then we should take some other the writer refuted the false and unjust means to get to it." But she wanted charges of Dr. Kneeland against the "light to know what to do." Rev. L. H. "Saturday Sabbath-keepers." Circulars Keller thought "we may be pharisaical in announcing the meeting were widely dis- the observance of the Sabbath," and de- tributed, and to those of the people of livered himself thus on the matter : Baraboo who came to the meeting the writer showed that neither the Seventh- I think that the Sunday street-car in the day Adventists nor any other body of city is a necessity. But the men on these cars "Saturday Sabbath-keepers" had "allied should be given one-seventh of their time to rest. I do not take the Sunday paper. I asked themselves with atheists, infidels, anarch- sixty pastors if Sabbath desecration was in- ists, and the lawless," and that the at- creasing in their neighborhoods, and in what tempt to identify them with these classes respect. Out of fifty-five answers only two sprang from the hatred that is felt for ministers mentioned the Sunday paper. They them by such men as Dr. Kneeland be- must have considered it lost, or a necessity. cause of their persistence in pointing out At the beginning of the evening and the anti-Christian character of the work last session two resolutions were reported of the advocates of Sunday enforcement. by the committee on resolutions, and were 4

30 THE SENTINEL OF CHRISTIAN LIBERTY

adopted by the convention. The first of of Sunday for toil means the shortening of life- these was that the field secretary, in the about twelve years. If you want the best re- sults from your farms you must let the land name of the Wisconsin Sunday Rest Day rest. I was in a barber shop, and the barber Association, petition Congress to enact a told me that he could not use his tools every Sunday law for the District of Columbia. day in the week; he even had to let the tools The second was that the field secretary rest some time during the week or they would be paid a larger salary for his services. not last at all. So it is with the horses; we must let them have one day in seven for rest, It seems that the work of the field secre- or their lives will be shortened. It is an out- tary has been largely a "labor of love" rage that men will work seven days in the ,hitherto. He received $390 for his serv- week. I have found in Connecticut many mills ices last year. running on Sunday. In Vermont I found a Dr. Kneeland then again addressed the mill employing 1,5oo men running seven days in the week. convention, his subject being "The Twen- Everything is lowered where Sunday is left tieth Century Sabbath." Here are some out. I could tell you of a place in New Eng- things that he said: land where there was no Sunday in the com- munity where there were seven murders and The twentieth century before Christ had a eight suicides. Where there is no Sunday the different Sabbath from the one we have now. people are led into vice and evil. The tendency to-day is farther and farther About eight years ago in Boston we saw away from the old standard. Young men and that we were in danger of losing our Sunday. young women of Wisconsin should determine We decided that something must be done at that you will hold on to this legacy, that our once. I was urged to leave my pastorate and Christian Sabbath should not be lost to our go up and down New •England preaching the children. I shall therefore to-night rehearse Sabbath, and I have been doing it ever since. a few reasons why we should hold on to our I believe that if we had faith we could re- Christian Sabbath. move mountains and cast them into the sea. I have been asked by one or two to dis- In the East we published the name of every cuss why the day was changed from the Jew- man and woman who voted against our Sun- ish to the Christian Sabbath. To discuss that day law. Now in the East we have stopped intelligently would take some little time. It the Sunday bicycle, the Sunday excursion, and is not necessary that we should enter into such the Sunday theatre. There is not an under- a discussion. It is a matter that is of little price train on Sunday to-day. We brought importance. The Sabbath has come down to out the matter so plainly that it was stopped the day we us as. the Lord's day, and that is absolutely. We have found it a great help to celebrate at this time. The commandment to send out our literature. We have done the keep the seventh day pertains simply to the work which God has put upon us. We now Jews. have 7,000 subscribers to our paper, The De- We find by the study of science that after fender. Give liberally to this work. If you six days of work the life in the cells is so much love Wisconsin I don't believe that you can exhausted that it takes from thirty-two to do better than to give to this work. thirty-four hours to restore them to normal activity. After six days' labor the seventh Following this address a song entitled should be given to rest. If a man continues to "The Day of Liberty," being an adap- labor seven days in the week it means that tation of the old hymn "America" to the his life will be shortened at least one-seventh. So if you continue to labor on Sunday you Sunday cause, was sung, and then the will fall sooner or later. The continued use convention closed.

The president of the American League attempt to play on the Sabbath at Detroit baseball association has announced that and Cleveland," says the report. At the there will be Sunday ball playing by the two last named places there were cam- league only in Chicago and St. Louis paigns of Sunday enforcement against next season. " There will be no further the ball playing last season. PUBLISHER'S PAGE 31

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MANY people wish to subscribe for more first-class journals than their means will really permit. THE SENTINEL has entered into agreements with other publishers, so that by combining orders for two or more periodicals PSI you will be able to secure them at reduced rates, and thus your money '•••• will go farther in buying reading matter. The combina ion prices quoted below, though very low, will apply to renewals, both to THE SENTINEL and the other periodicals, as well as new subscriptions. THE SIGNS OF THE TIMES is a high class religious journal devoted to the discussion of Biblical truths especially important for this time. The Signs of the Times is a weekly journal of sixteen pages. Price, per year, $1.50. Our combination—THE SENTINEL and Signs . $2.00 THE GOOD HEALTH is the largest and most widely circulated health journal in the United States. Published monthly. Price, per year, $1.00. Our combination—THE SENTINEL and Good Health, only . $1.30 THE PACIFIC HEALTH JOURNAL, a wide-awake, up-to-date, Pacific Coast publication, is devoted to the promulgation of rational health principles. Monthly, 24 pages, published at Oakland, Calif. Price, per year, $.50. Our combination—THE SENTINEL and Pacific Health Journal . $1.25 If you are interested iu education the ADVOCATE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION Is a journal you should read. Published monthly. Price, per year, $.50. Our combination—THE SENTINEL and Advocate of Christian Education, $1.25 Some Further Combination Offers. THE SENTINEL, Signs, Pacific Health Journal, Good Health, and Advocate of Christian Education. $3.25 THE SENTINEL, Signs, Good Health, and Advocate of Christian Education 3.00 THE SENTINEL, Signs, Pacific Health Journal, and Advocate of Christian Edu- cation 2.60 THE SENTINEL, Signs, and Good Health 2.50 THE SENTINEL, Signs, and Pacific Health Journal OR Advocate of Christian Education 2.25 THE SENTINEL, Good Health, Pacific Health Journal OR Advocate of Christian Education 2 00 THE SENTINEL, Pacific Health Journal and Advocate of Christian Education 1.60 Note. In taking advantage of any one of these combination offers, all the periodicals need NOT be sent to the same individual. SEND ALL ORDERS TO The Sentinel of Christian Liberty, 11 West 20th Street, New York City.

.:.4-:-:-•:-x„:”:„:„:-:-:-:„:-x-:„:-:•.:-:-:-:-:„:-:-:•.:-x-:-:-:-:-:••:..:":„:„:„:-:-:-:÷:„:„x-:-:..:-:.4.:-:..:-:.:. .:. •.:.:. "The Most Perfect .:.:. t Bible Translation in the World I Y •:. :;. •:- This is what an editor of a prominent religious weekly says .:. •:. in regard to the American Revised Bible, just published. .:. ..,:..) This edition of the Bible is entirely new, printed from large; 1: clear Bourgeois type, and is furnished in the following bindings: •:. Black Cloth, red edges $1.00 :I: 4. 4. Egyptian Seal, limp, round corners, gold edges 1.75 4. 4. Egyptian Seal, divinity circuit, leather lined to edge, 4- := Egyptian round corners, red under gold edges 2.75 4. 4. ..? '‘ SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE •:• •:* 1:• Pacific Press Publishing Company •:.•:* ff. 11 West 20th Street, New York City ..;.. 4. 4- ...4. 4. *4.4.4.•:.4.4.4.4.4.+4.4.4.4.4.4.4.+4-4.4.4•4.4.4.4-:.4.4.4.4•4.4.4.4.4•4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4..:•4-:.4.4•4•4.4.4.4.4•4•4.4.4.4-1:• 4* ? 4. 4. •.:.:. Outlines of Modern Science and •:..:. .:. Modern Christianity •.:.:. By GEO. McCREADY PRICE 4. ''e.. This book is an endeavor to get back to primitive Christian .:. •:. .) principles, and therefore takes the Biblical side of the pending .:. •:. Science-versus-Religion Controversy The following are some of the chapter headings: Divine Immanence Biblical Geology Scientific World Building Evolution and the World Problems The consistency and clearness of the author's logic and the grand themes upon which he dwells, will hold the interest of the reader to the end. The book is neatly bound in cloth, contains 271 pages, and will be sent postpaid for 75 cts. ADDRESS Pacific Press Publishing Company II West 20th Street, New York City