L I T T L E V I S I T S T O
H I S TO R I CAL P OI N TS I N
IVE S TCH E S TE R C O U N TY ”
N E W R OCH E L L E
o f r H E town New Rochelle , forme ly a
o f a o f part the M nor Pelham , was orig i n ally included in the grant made by the I ndians in the year 1 640 to the Dutch
West India Company , but no settlement Was actually commence d o n it until
’ long after . Th o mas Pell s pu rchas e
1 which occurred in 6 54 . The aborigines appear ’ W to have resided on Davenport s Neck , here
Shi a they had a large settlement denominated , pp ; a few settlements were also scattered along the fertile meadows bordering the various fresh water
3 1 N E W R O C H E L L E
s t a o f re ms , especially in the northern part the
o n t w .
1 6 6 6 On the sixth day of October , Richard
di d Nicolls , governor of the province , give ratify
an d t confirm unto Thomas Pell , all that ract of land lying to the eastward of Westchester
bounds , being a portion of Pelham Manor, which said tract of land hath heretofore been
purchased of the Indian proprietors , and ample ” satisfaction given for the same . I n 1 6 6 9 the patentee devised the whole
o f t his Manor Pelham o nephew, John , common l y called Lord Pell , who obtained a further con
firm ati o n fo r the same from Thomas Dongan ,
2 8 th g overnor of the province , on the of October
$ 1 h f 1 6 8 7 . On the 2 0t o September 6 8 9 we find
o f John Pell , Lord of the Manor Pelham , and i Rachel , h s wife , conveying to Jacob Leisler of
o f t the City New York , merchan , in considera tion of the sum of Sixteen Hundred and Seventy t five Pounds Sterling , curren money of the prov
3 2 N E W R O C H E L L E
ince , all that tract of land lying and being within
o f n said Manor Pelham , containing six thousa d
o f n acres of land , and also one hundred acres la d
hi s more , which the said John Pell and Rachel ,
fo r wife , do freely give and grant the French
o f Church , to be erected by the inhabitants the said tract of land , or by their assignees , being
f e butted and bounded , as herein is a ter express d , beginning at the west side o f a certain white oak f tree, marked on all our sides , standing at high
o f water mark at the south end H og Neck , by shoals , harbor, and runs ; northwesterly through the great fresh meadow lyi n g between the road
t h e S ou n d f o f , and ‘ and rom the north side the t f said meadow, to run rom thence due north to
B r o a i ver b e , which is the west division line t ’ f ween the said John Pell s land , and the a oresaid tract bound on the southeasterly by the Sound and salt water , and to run northeasterly to a certain piece o f salt meadow lying in the s ai t creek which runneth up to Cedar Tree Brook
3 3 N E W R O C H E L L E
o r e B o i s s Grav lly r ok , and the bounds to outh
7 ,
8 11 1 .
Several of the leaders o f the Huguenots e n t e r t a tered into correspondence wi h L isle , wi h v t o u c a as e o f e i le iew the p r h se , by him , ag nt , lig b land for th e es tabli s hment o f a Huguenot Colony .
o f e n ~ The Edict Nantes , a decr e gra ting a meas u re o f t o r o f ce liberty the P otestants Fran , pro
was r vo mu l ated 1 8 I V. d g in 5 9 by H enry , e ke
s $ I V $ 2 2 n d o f t r 1 6 8 by Loui ” on the Oc obe 5 , an d a s a o i o f by that ct of t te p licy , the condit ons life in the Kingdom o f France were made i n t o l f c rable t o m o st pers o n s of Protestant belie . For a long ti me pr eviou s to the revocation an i ncreasing number o f Fre nch Protes tants had begun to seek h o mes in foreign lands . America
i an d f t h e was espec ally attractive to them , a ter revocation the emigration grew to large
s proportion . The French Pr otestants already in America were c o nstantly looking about them fo r a suit
3 4 . N E W R O C H E L L E
t 1 6 8 6 able p lace o plant a colony, and in and
1 6 8 f o f 7 , secured rom John Pell , portions land in that part of Pelham now embraced in the City
a of New Rochelle , and as the location met the p
c o n s ti tu t proval ofthe Huguenots , Leisler as the ed agent o f the French Protestants was led to locate the settlement in that place ; he was authoriz ed by the Committee o f Public Safety on the 1 6 th of
$ 1 6 8 August 9 , to use the power and authority
-i n - of commander chief, until orders should come fro m their Majesties King William and Queen
f r e Mary . And urther to do all such acts as are
u i s ite fo r q the good of the province , taking coun sel with the militia and civil authority as occasion ‘ ” r i r shall e du e .
For assuming the government, Leisler was afterwards tried on a charge of high treason , and
1 1 1 t 6 6 . executed , May th 9 Every hing proves Leisler was condemned unlawfully and executed f unjustly . A petition in avor of reversing Leisler ’ s attainder was signed by the Huguenots
3 5 N E W R O C H E L L E
o f New Rochelle . Jacob Lei sl e r was tr uly
ma n was t o the a o f honest , but a martyr c use
s acrifiee d n s a s o liberty , and by i ju tice ri t cracy ,
r ~ and party malignity . Th ou gh o ut t he year pre c we s r l s t o eding his execution , find Lei ler e ea ing
l s i h a the exi ed Huguenots, the land wh ch he d
e a f h e r 8 purchas d in their beh l of Jo n P ll in 6 9 . Th e H u guenot s or French Pr otes tants o f
c e f n an d New Ro helle came dir ctly rom Engla d , were a part of the persecute d wh o had fled into that co untr y before the revocati on o f t h e Ed ict of Nantes; this is confirmed by th e
t New Charter of Trini y Church , Rochelle , where
$ in they specify that they fled from France i n
’ 1 6 8 1 3
La Rochell e in France was the stronghold of the Protestants and the English favore d them
$ R o ch elles e at every opportunity . Assure the ” I l e that wi l not abandon them , was the messag o f 16 2 t h e King Charles of England in 7 , and s ame interest and sympathy was extended by
3 6 N E W R O C H E L L E
K a s I L who a8 th o f 1 6 8 1 ing Ch rle , on the July ,
d t s o f ' z t in c ou ci u er g rante le ter deni a ion n l , nd
t h e a S al a exi s Gre t e , and ssured the le that, at the
n t o f li nt h e i t r ext mee ing Par ame , would n oduce a bill by which t hey s hould b e natu ralized; reli ev~
e d them at t h e mom ent from imp o r tatio n duties
a n d as o r fe an d e c o d o u ta co m p sp t es , n urag e v l n ry
u r t ri b u tio n s fo r th e ir s ppo t. This or de r was is s ued the same year i n which t he Hugueno ts of New Rochelle fled fro m
c o s e c at e c n titu t France , nclu ive viden e th th y o s ed a portio n of those exiles wh o accepted the r oyal
o ff a nd a ds u r t o e th e ers , fterwar nde he patr nag of
n a a t l er 1 e 6 8 . g overnm t, purch sed nd se t ed h e in 9 The Huguenots must have been aid ed i n thei r e scape from France by the Engl i sh vess els that
me o ff R he o e lay for some ti the Island of , pposit
L a c e o v t Ro helle , in which th y were c n eyed o
England . Tradition s ays that they were afterwards
’ transp o rted to America in o ne o f th e King s
3 7 N E W R O C H E L L E
’ fi ’ . B au e t s ships The point on Davenport s Neck ,
’ B o u n e fo s n or y Poi t, was the spot where they first landed
1 1 6 On the 7th of April 9 5 , we find letters
o f z L e Co u n t deni ation granted to Francis , under
oaths appointed to be taken . On the 6 th o f April 1 5 9 5 - 6 letters o f den
i z ati o n were issued under the Seal o f the province . to twenty—eight persons o f foreign birth; being f ugitives by the persecution . f They continued to arrive rom England , as f ar 1 00 . as can be ascertained , till the year 7 The settlement o f New Rochelle was com
me n ce d 1 6 1 f by the Huguenots in 9 , two years a ter
o f t h e purchase o f the town . The records New R ochelle commenced on November I st 1 6 9 9 in the
French language . The first independent election
fo r town officers took place in 1 7 8 3 . The early settlers gave the place the name it now bears; in re
m e mb ran ce of their native residence , La Rochelle ,
o f in France , and soon became noted on account
3 8 N E W R O C H E L L E
t h e a n d s o f o e and hospitality politenes the pe pl , a lso for the faciliti es fo r a cquiring t h e $ rench
e o e who a r e e languag . Many pe pl fterwa d b cam d e e d d c a the isting uish d, r ceive un er the h rge of
c e r t o f i e i Fren h cl gy, the elemen s the r ducat on; mention may especially be ma de o f Was hington
o o f r s e s Irving , the auth r nume ou int re ting books;
$ a t e e at a John $ y , who made he c l br ed Tre ty of
a fo r d ou r o ntr a P ris , the indepen ence of C u y, nd exerted a powerful i nfluence i n extending the ” t U M ss s i limi s of the nited States to the i is ipp , he was also the firs t Chief Justice of t he U nited
States . Philip Schuyler entered the army du ring the French and Indian War ; after the R evolu tio n he became a member of the Colonial Ass embly o fNew
York , and resisted earnestly the British attempts to tax the Colonies without their consent; he was
e t e a delegat to he Continental Congr ss , by whom he was assigned to the command of the tro o ps
New t in York , and of the expedi ion against
3 9 N E W R O C H E L L E
Canada; he afterwards actively superintended I n ff f dian a airs . Be ore the National Con s titution was formed he became a member o f Congress ; and afterwards twice represented his State in the
U nited States Senate . His name is perpetuated
’ t Th ro s in this county , by naming the Fort a gg f Neck in honor o him . For two generation s the Huguenots o f New Rochelle preserved in its purity the French lan guage . t I n the grant o Jacob Leisler, John Pell ,
$ o f f Lord the Manor, and Rachel , his wi e , did
fu r give and grant to the said Jacob Leisler, the ther quantity o f one hundred acres o f land fo r the use of the French Church erected , or to be erected , by the inhabitants of the said tract of ” b e land . This property was long in dispute tween the Episcopalian and Presbyterian Cor
o rati o n s p , each claiming to be the original French
Church . On July 2 2 d 1 700 in the general assembly
40
N E W R O C H E L L E
o f e e r this town walk d regularly ve y Saturday,
t o o e starting about midnight, New Y rk a distanc
m o f - t n th e at that ti e twenty three miles , to at e d
a e c t h c u S E t Sund y s rvi e at e old Chur h d t. spri
i n e an d r t o n in P e str et, New York City , e urned Sunday evenings to th ei r hom e s t o b e rea dy fo r their regular duties on M o nday m o rning; always comm e ncing their march by S i ngi ng their beauti
m o s ful hy ns . Many continued to w rship in thi
r manne until the American Revolution broke out, when this part o f t he country became harassed and over-run by the British troops ; t h e peopl e
i o c n c nsequence were s attered , and the younger members of the community grew up without $ g oing to any regular place of worship . The R o ch elles e were the first to bring the M arigold to America; this was their national
$ For further particulars on this subject see
. ’ R i ke man s Evolution of Stuyvesant Village $New York City$
4 2 R O C H E L L E
on all occasions displayed with
$ John Pi n tar d in his Recollections refers to the Huguenots of New Rochelle as receiving the H oly Sacrament four times a year— Christ
o f mas , Easter, Whitsunday and the middle September; during the intermission that occurred the communicants walked to New York for that
purpose . Previous to their departure they always collected the young children , and left them in the care of the friends who remained at home . The Huguenots were very solicitous in the do m es ti c o f education their children . I n the com
t o f mon sit ing room most houses , the mantle
n n piece was fi ished with Dutch tiles , containi g
fl an d chie y the history of the New Testament, the Parables ; they used these object lessons with ff excellent e ect, in connection with verbal train ing . The first minister of the French Reforme d Church in New Rochelle appears to have been
4-3 N E W R O C H E L L E
o l e the Rev . Daniel B ndet, a though there are som r Th au ve t easons for supposing that the Rev .
o n n c a E c t o eau oc upied th t position .
’ o f B o nd e t s The year the Rev . Daniel set
l n 1 0 At t eme t at New R o chelle was 70 . first he used the French Prayers according to the Protes
s r 1 0 c on tants Churche of F ance, but in 7 9 , his
re ati o n o t g g unanim usly , with the excep ion of
two i u s o indiv d al , foll wed the example of their French Reformed brethren in England and Ne w
o o n . Y rk , by c nformi g to the English Church U pon this conformity we find the venerable Propagati o n Society making an allowance to the
R ev i . Dan el Bondet, and directing him to use
o f Liturgy the Church of England . Governor I ngoldsby issued the following order or license empowering the inhabitants to
erect a new Church .
$ By ye H onorable Richard Ingoldsby , Esq . her majesties Lieutenant Governor , and Com mander-i n - chief o f ye province of New York and
44 N E W R O C H E L L E
To e o r . New Je sey, y Rev Mr . Daniel B ndet
v r a c e s . s minister, Chaplain Oli e B e ley , Mr I a
l e V V . o os allian , Dr J hn Neuille , J eph illian , and
e e a t o f o f c l y oth r inh bitan s ye town New Ro hel e,
c o f s c an in ye ounty We t hester, communic ts of ye
o f a a s t Church Engl nd , as by law est bli hed , gree
$ a am o f u ing Where s , I informed yo r pious de s ign to build a Church fo r the wors hip an d s er$
o f c to f a vice God , a cording ye orm and m nner prescribed by the Liturgy of the Church of E ng$
a l ce ns e land , and have been pplied to for y to
e . a t rect it on ye public street I h ve hought fit, and do hereby give leave and lyce ns e to yo u to erect such building in such conv eni ent place of
r ovid ye ye shall think most proper, p ed ye breadth o f such Church do not exceed thir t z e m ow~ y foot . And further I do authori e and p er you to receive and collect such sums o f mon e y and other help , as charitable people shall be t disposed to contribu e to the good work .
Given under my hand and seal at New York ,
45 N E W R O C H E L L E
b f 2 o t . o 1 0 o f this day March , 7 9 , and her maj es ti e s e r ign ye ninth year . Richard Ingoldsby Church erected in 1 7 1 0— 1 1 was constructed of f f stone , and ormed nearly a square , being per ectly
o plain , within and with ut . The foundation stone was laid by Governo r Hunter; and the people were so enthusiastic that even the women carried t m s ones in their hands , and ortar in their aprons , to complete the work .
th 1 1 ‘ On February 7 7 4. Queen Annie of England was pleased to grant and confirm the new Church , and the ground whereon it stood .
i Dur ng the incumbency of the Rev . Michael
re ceiv H oudin , Trinity Church , New Rochelle , c ed her first harter from King George I I I .
1 06 Queen Annie in 7 , presented to Trinity
Church a large chalice and paten ; this beautiful . service , was many years since deposited in the
M ah at an ff t . vaults of Ti any , The Queen also .
' o f H o mili es an d p resented a Church Bible , Book , N E W R O C H E L L E
e loth for the pulpi t an d c ommu nio n table .
a e two a About the s me tim , sm ll chalices were p resente d by a m e mber o f the Daven port fa mily
2 8 th o f a 1 8 0 8 r On the Febru ry , the P esby t erian Church was incorporated u n de r t he title of
$ t h e h h o f Frenc C urch New Rochelle , proving c onclusively that ma n y o f the Huguenots did n o t enter the Epi s cop al fo ld ; this c o ngregation
a t h f r tr w s a first att ached to t e Bed o rd p e s by y . There is a tradition that one o f the old H u gu e
’ ’ n ots wo uld daily repa ir to B o u n e fo y s or B au ffe t s
e s a Point , the place wher the Huguenot first l nd e d t u n i , and rni g his eyes in the d rection in which
s d d o s o n e he suppo e France was situate , w uld ing
i ’ o f M aro t s hymns and send to heaven his morn a
o e f o i n ing dev tions . Frequ ntly his riends i e d
i n e o f him th se pious remembrances their God , f and their beloved country , rom which they had
been so cruelly driven . Th e Huguenots opened the road from New
Rochelle to White Plains , this road seperated
4-7 N E W R O C H E L L E
f r s s s as their a ms into two ections , di tingui hed th e r t i i easte n and wes ern d vis on .
Th e i l land was or ginally aid out in parallel , n s r s a a f m f arrow t ip , cont ining e ch ro fi ty to sixty
r ac es . Some of the early s ettlers purchased
b s and a r f o t dou le lot , ve y few r m eight o ten , c i f r five e ll onta ning ou or hundr d acres in a .
Th e w r a o f t h e des te asth e lo e p rt town , igna d s o t i i o u t u hern d vis on , was laid in a similar man n et s t e o o f , the lot ex nding fr m the south side
st n t m the Bo o Turnpike o the Sound . A ong
o e i t t si e D th s n he wes divi on , wer the rakes ,
h I n n B adeau s and t e Secors . the east divisio t S o u li c S cu rman B n o s es s o n e tt s . he Le C unt , , and
s is And in the outhern div ion the Guions , Rhine
a landers and $ l andre u s .
r efia ee s f o The g escaped r m France, with only a few articles concealed about their persons ; t h e woman hiding their small bibles in th eir high
f n o t fo r dres s ed hair . Their arms were paid
o f until after many years toil , rigid economy and
48
N E W R O C H E L L E
t o $ Hall , and presented it the City . During the Revoluti o nary War Ne w R 0
' ‘ chelle appears to have endured her share o f s u fl e r i n f t h e i r o f e e r g rom ncu sion the en m y, and th i
t h e 1 8 o f o d emissaries On th Oct ber, Lor
H r e o s i n t h e owe , the B itish command r , to k po t
n i i n village , Ge eral Washington occupy ng the t er m e di at e heights between t h e two rivers th e enemy was j oined by t h e second divi s i o n o f
r t he a o f a Kn Germans , unde comm nd Gener l yp
e o f hausen , and by an incomplete regim nt caval
' r f o f whi ch e c a t u r y rom Ireland , some had be n p o n their pas sage . The Scotch Highland battalio n o c cupied
m e the heights of New Rochelle . Fro this plac
s t h e both armies moved toward White Plain , on
h 1 2 t h o f an u ar 2 t 6 . 5 of October, 7 7 On the 9 j y
’
1 VVo o s t er s t o . 7 7 7 , General division was ordered R New ochelle . At the east end o f the village a severe skir mish took place be tween a body o f Ame ri can
5 0 N E W R O C H E L L E
n d an d light horse , u der Colonel Moylan , the
’ e Queen s Rangers , commanded by Li ut Colonel
ff lV l an d l Simcoe I n this a air , Colonel o great y
i i f a o f dist ngu shed himsel , by be ting the enemy ,
o e a t o G h and making g od his r tre t reenwic .
r as ma tt During the War , the enti e co t ered sev
’ e r e ly both from the enemy s shipping and the
c o f W o —m e n in ursions the hale b at .
’ Shortly after our Country s s tru gl e fo r I nde
n n p e de c e the State G o vernment c o nveyed to t r e n a a e a o f otorious Thom s Paine , a l rg tr ct land in
o f e fo r the eastern division New Rochell , services
n he had rendered duri g the War . Paine came to
n e o f n this Country u d r the auspices Frankli ,
an o n t o 1 Rush d other pr mi en pe ple . I n 7 74. he
hi s fo f composed first song , llowed soon a ter by
$ o f a Common Age Re son ,
. o f etc Paine was a companion Robespierre ,
i H e and was on the trial o f the nnocent Louis . several times escaped a miserable death , and spent a large part o f his time in the New Rochell e
S I N E W R O C H E L L E
house , but at one period lived in a house that
far stood not from Prince and Marion Streets , N . Y . , he was invariably seen sitting before an old table , on which stood a jug of spirituous liquors .
8 o f 1 8 0 Paine died on the th June 9 , aged
2 7 years and 5 months . His body was brought up from New York , and interred on his farm ; his bones were afterward disinterred by William
and fo r . Cobbett, taken to England exhibition Some authorities assert that the remains were r e interred in the original ground , and others with t equal certainty , claim tha after the death of
Cobbett, a box of human bones were found f among his goods and chattels . In the early our
’ o f ties , Paine s friends purchased the site his sup
' v a h an ds o m e posed gra e , and erected monument to his memory , to which for a long period they made an annual pilgrimage . Many o f the towns in Westchester County but owe their very existance to the railroads , not u so with New Rochelle , nearly two h ndred years
5 2 N E W R O C H E L L E
a o f before r ilroads were even thought , the town was occupied by a prosperous community . The Churches in the town are commodious and every way attractive ; the Episcopalians were, f after the Huguenots , the irst to erect buildings , f 1 ollowed by the Presbyterians in 754 , the Meth
1 1 1 8 odists in 79 , the Baptists in 49 , the Roman Catholics in 1 8 5 0 and later by the Lutheran and
Colored Congregations . Among New Rochelle ’ s literati may be men
i n t o e d ...... , Rev Dr C W Bolton , Rev Mr Cane d u y, William Leggett , an able jo rnalist , who died at the early age of 3 7 , Frederick Remington , artist and author, etc . The islands o f the coast are picturesque and
’ useful ; David s Island has been used by the
fo r 1 1 Government military purposes since 8 6 .
’ S tari n s Glen Island is a popular resort and is connected with the mainland by trolley and steamboat . The Young Men ’ s Christian Association has
5 3 N E W R O C H E L L E
o a l dif l cated in the Roy l Arcanum Bui ding , is fe r e n ti ate d o v n f rm merely recreati e , educatio al , or
a ethic l movements , by its pervading spiritual t ” intent, and its aggressive religious ac ivity . Its
’ work at Fort Slocum , David s Island , among the s oldi e rs has rece ived unsolicited testimonials from ffi both o cers and men .
’ The New Rochelle Exchange fo r Wome n s
f 1 8 1 fo r o f Work , was ounded in 9 , the purpose aiding reduced gentle women who shrink from
f fo r ordinary charity , but are thank ul opportu ni
2 ty to help themselves . The Rooms are at 9 5
Main Street . f The New Rochelle Public Library , ounded
1 8 1 8 . April , 9 3 Chartered July 5 , 94 , is nicely
located in the Masonic Temple , Main Street .
u a a The Library is under s perior m n gement , and
e i s e xerting a powerful education al i n flu nce . A beau tiful mo nument erected in 1 8 9 5 by the Patriotic Citiz e n s o f the City i n memory o f those who fought in the War o f S eces s ion fo r
5 4 N E W R O C H E L L E
$ One Flag and One Country is most advan ta g e ou s ly placed at the divergence o f the two roads
near the Presbyterian Church . New Rochelle was incorporated as a City by
o f o f 1 8 c ct the legislature 9 9, whi h received the
’ 2 h Governor s signature on the 4t day of March .
r 1 1 8 8 . The first City election was held Ap il , 9 9 Th ecity government was organ iz ed the 2 5 t h day
1 of April 8 9 9 . f All the raterna l societies are represented . ‘ The s ch o dls are numerous and well conducted by
c s e ompetent teachers , and the old town promi s to
. attain the di s tinction of i ts prototype $
Proud City of the Waters . V Mr . AD ERTI SER
THI S little magazine is on e of b est
med m w dve e i t iu in hich to a rtis , reaches a large p ercentage o f th e p eople
of We e e C New Y k C stch st r ounty , or oun t d y an vicinity .
I t is intended to conduct th e advertis ing deparmen t in just as original a fashion
th e e of th e m z e w e as r st aga in , ith sp cial
de n d em e sig s an typographical arrang nts . NO objectionable announcem ents ac
c epte d
$ or rate s and circulation figures address ’ I BE L L PR E SS P e 1 0 2 1 THE R CH . hon
Th e following n u m b e r s a r e r e ady
fo r im m ia t li r e d e d e ve y .
I . Whi t e Plain s I I N . e w R o c h e ll e
Th e n e x t n u m b e r will b e
I I I Tarr o n . yt w
Tarryt o wn b e ing t h e m o s t hi s t o ri c a l t own i n t h e c o u n t will y,
m ake t hi s n u m b e r ve ry i n t e r e s t i ng .
S e n d in yo u r su b s c ript io n n o w i n o rd e r t o g e t t h e c o mpl e t e s e ri e s .
TH E R I CH B E L L P R E S S
M a ma r on ecé New Tor e , S U BSCRI BER
Th e $anuary edition of L I TTL E VI SI TS
e exau ted T e w n k is n arly s . hos ishi g bac numb ers should s end their subscriptions to thi s office within th e next fift een days
de e e th e m e e e e in or r to s cur co pl t s ri s .
Thes e books are th e most interesting and in str uctive books ever published on
e this subj ct .
Th e next Historical Point will b e T w arryto n .
P 1 0 r 1 e . 0 e e 0 e er ric p y ar . c nts p copy TH E E VO L U T I ON O $ ST U Y VE SANT S VI L L AG E $NEW YORK CITY$
B LEECKER TO TENTH STREET BROADWAY TO SECOND AVENU E AND ARO U ND TH ERE
BY
A . A . RI KEMAN
We e few e of k I t ee hav a copi s this boo . has b n highly k S spo e of by prominent p eopl e all th rough the U nited tates .
T k d d e P t Am I t his boo shoul b e rea by ev ry atrio ic erican . con
e si x n e e d d me n d tains ninty pag s , by ni inch s , an is han so ly bou
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