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City of New Rochelle, New York, As Seen from the Air in 1938

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City of New Rochelle, New York, As Seen from the Air in 1938 CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK, AS SEEN FROM THE AIR IN 1938. HISTORIC NEW ROCHELLE By HERBERT B. NICHOLS Published Bv, THE BOARD OF EDUCATION NEW ROCHELLE/ NEW YORK 1938 COPYRIGHT 1938 BY HERBERT B. NICHOLS FIRST EDITION PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE LITTLE PRINT, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. HISTORIC NEW ROCHELLE FOREWORD To the publication ~f a little booklet designed for classroom use throughout the public schools of New Rochelle treating of sig­ nificant events in the historic development of the city, impetus was given early this year by the observance of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the fou~ding of the "Queen City of the Sound". Preparation at th~t tiine for a pageant revealed that only isolated bits of historic materials were available and that nowhere I was there in print, suitable for school use, a concise and orderly treatment of the circumstances and conditions that led, first, to the selection of a site for refuge for. the fleeing French Huguenots and, later, to its settlement and dev,elopnient. To meet the deficiency, a committee was entrusted with the responsibility of assembling, preparing and editing all known information. How well that job was done "Historic New Rochelle" reveals. Not a booklet, but a full-sized text, scholarly, well organized, care­ fully and authentically documented, and yet, withal, attractively written, interestingly and entertainingly presented, is here given the girls and boys, their parents, the teaching staff, and others who may be interested. In the pages and chapters which follow, environ­ ment becomes a living reality and the reader is privileged to follow, from t}:le beginning to the present, the colorful and intricate threads that make up the historic and fascinating tapestry of New Rochelle. Although not the work of any one person as the author gener­ ously recognizes in the preface, credit for "Historic New Rochelle" goes largely to Herbert B. Nichols of the Social Studies Department of the Senior High School who, from its inception, organized, delegated, and finally carried through to completion an activity v\~hich is certain to make more real and meaningful the processes that are involved in the discovery, settle11J.ent and evolution of a community. To Mr. Nichols in _particular and to the ·others who assisted him grateful acknowledgment is made. HEROLD C. HUNT, Superintendent of Schools. N e,v Rochelle, New York, November, 1938. Vll PREFACE To make a lasting contribution to the community, as a part of the 250th Anniversary Celebration, the New Rochelle public schools sensed the need for a book pertaining to the local History of the City. With this in mind, Superintendent Herold C. Hunt appointed a committee of teachers to plan a book that would give some of th~ history of New Rochelle that could be used in the social studies program of the schools. The result is HISTORIC NEW ROCHELLE. From the start the committee realized that the task would be a difficult one as few teachers had ever had an opportunity to work on the history of the community. The members of the committee put forth their best effort, and after the plan had been approved they decided to place the responsibility for the book upon the chairman of the committee. The committee of -teachers was Ellen U. Bishop, Sadonis H. Burroughs, Georgiana Carter, Jessamine G. Chase, Annie K. Dillon, Grace M. Francis, Hadassah K. Holmes, Gladys Jacobson. Amy F. King, Sylva A. Kunce, Frederick L. Lobdell, Ruth M. Marvin, D. Alice Milton, Elsie F. Neuner, Samuel Schmuckler, Emilie S. Sears, Helen A. Smith, Margaret E. Waterbury, Jane N. Wise, and Herbert B. Nichols, Chairman. The work has been planned on the basis of several mono­ graphs rather than of one chronological history. Consequently, any chapter constitutes a complete unit without necessarily depend­ ing upon any other chapter. However, the chapters have been arranged in such a way as to give, if used in series, a more or less complete history of New Rochelle. This feature makes it possible to use the material in grades starting with the fourth. National events have been indicated so that the study of local history will illustrate them. It has been assumed that since all events happen at some one place that all history is, in a sense, local history. Some events are more far reaching than others, and it has been the plan to stress the more important ones in New Rochelle history so as to emphasize the part she has played in helping to build up the country. Vlll PREFACE In addition to the printed word the value of visual aids has not been overlooked. To this end many illustrations have been included, to the fullest extent possible, to make the history real in the mind of the student. At the end a short Reference List has been included for those who may be interested in doing a bit of research, and for those who would like fuller accounts of certain events that could not be included in a work of this scope. Care has been taken to describe places defj.nitely so that they can be visited. Of course, only by visiting the site can the history become more meaningful. The author wishes to express his deep appreciation to Morgan H. Seacord, Vice-President, 'Historian of the Huguenot and His­ torical ·Association of New Rochelle. Only by his encouragement, his deep interest in the project, and his generous gift of time, coupled with his rare knowledge of local history, has this work been brought to fruition. He followed the project, from beginning to end, with keen interest and the author here wishes to express his everlasting thanks to Mr. Seacord. The end pages were drawn by students at New Rochelle Senior High School under the guidance of Selma Engelbrekt, instructress. Emilia Pisani, a junior, drew the map of La Ro­ ch.elle; Daniel Decarlo, a senior, was the delineator of the map of New Rochelle. Many others have lent a helping hand to the project and the author desires to show appreciation by mentioning them by name: Herold C. Hunt, Superintendent of Schools; Peter J. O'Brien, Secretary, Board of Education; the late Richard Webber; Leon J. Sturtevant, for reading many of the chapters; Leslie H. Tyler and Ralph B. Boyle, Special Representatives of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Co.; William H. Wheeler, Super­ intendent of the Third Avenue Railway Co.; Otto H ufeland; Eugene H. Cranch, New Rochelle Water Company; Morton S. Fuerst, the New Rochelle Boys' Club; Frank C. Cobb, Scout Executive, Siwanoy Council; Frank Cowan, New Rochelle Tele­ phone Company; Jacob J. Dorst, for pictures; Robert L. Forbes, for cut of anniversary flag; Woman's Club of New Rochelle; Colonel Edwin Gunner, Commandant, and Chaplain George F. PREFACE Rixey of Fort Slocum; Marie D. Loizeaux and Josephine Edwards of the New Rochelle Public Library; Henry C. Strippel of the New York Public Library; New York Historical Society; H ugue­ not Y.M.C.A.; Thomas J. Murtha, Westchester Lighting Com­ pany; Edward Van Altena, for photographic work; Harry and Meyer Berkowitz of the Little Print for their untiring effort in printing and designing this book; Huguenot and Historical Asso­ ciation of New Rochelle; City of New Rochelle for diagram of city government; De Witt D. Wise for proof reading and making the index; and all others who have helped in the securing of pictures and information. HERBERT B. NICHOLS. New Rochelle, N. Y.­ September, 1938. X CONTENTS Chapter Page I. Indian Life and Times 1 II. Huguenots in France and An1erica . 10 III. Founding of New Rochelle . 16 IV. Colonial Architecture 24 V. Colonial Trades and Business 29 VI. Colonial Home Life-Manners and Customs 35 VII. Old French War 40 VIII. Stage Coach and Tavern Days . 45 IX. Democratic Government 53 X. Survival of French Language and Customs 59 XI. Revolutionary War . 63 XII. George Washington in New Rochelle 80 XIII. Conservation and Horticulture . 84 XIV. Transportation and Communication 87 XV. Development of Light and Power . 100 XVI. Changing Sources of Water Supply . 105 XVII. Geography and Geology . 109 XVIII. Educati.on through the Years . 116 XIX. The French Church and Others . 124 XX. War of 1812 . 128 XXI. Slavery and the Civil War . 133 XXII. Famous Residents . 139 XXIII. How New Rochelle Has Grown . 153 XXIV. Parks-Residential and Recreational . 156 XXV. Spanish-American War . 159 XXVI. World War . 162 XXVII. Legends and Stories . 167 XXVIII. Organizations in New Rochelle . 172 XXIX. Anniversary Celebrations . 180 References . 190 Index . 197 Xl ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE City of New Rochelle, New York, as Seen from the Air in 1938 Frontispiece Siwanoy Indians, New Rochelle, N. Y. 2 Indian Image Stone 3 Site of Indian Village on Davenport Neck 5 Indian Quartz Quarry . 6 Adrian Block's Ship, the "Restless" 7 New Rochelle Road Marker . 9 An Old View of La Rochelle II City Hall, La Rochelle, France . 12 French Huguenot Fugitives 14 Grave Stone in Huguenot Burying Ground 15 John Pell, Lord of the Manor of Pelham 16 Pell-Leisler Deed for New Rochelle 17 Huguenot Monument at Hudson Park 18 Huguenot Family Name Tablet 19 A Portion of the Huguenot Burying Ground 20 Jacob Leisler Monument . 22 Guion-Allaire House . 23 Jacob Coutant House 24 Landrine House . 25 Parcot-Drake House 26 LeConte-Jondron House 27 Colonial Trading Sloop 29 Colonial Farmer Plowing His Fields 30 Flax Wheel 31 Lispenard Tide Mill 31 Dam and Flood Gates at Lispenard Mill Site 32 Coutant Chair Manufactured in New Rochelle . 33 New Rochelle, the Home Town Road Marker 34 Huguenot Gentleman .
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