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A Família Polygalaceae Na Região Sul Do Brasil

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A Família Polygalaceae Na Região Sul Do Brasil UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÂNICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA A FAMÍLIA POLYGALACEAE NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL Raquel Lüdtke Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências: Botânica. ORIENTADORA: Profa. Dra. SILVIA TERESINHA SFOGGIA MIOTTO CO-ORIENTADORA: Profa. Dra. TATIANA TEIXEIRA DE SOUZA-CHIES Porto Alegre – RS 2008 Amanhã pode ser tarde Amanhã pode ser muito tarde Para você dizer que ama, Para você dizer que perdoa, Para você dizer que desculpa, Para você dizer que quer tentar de novo... Amanhã pode ser muito tarde Para você pedir perdão, Para você dizer: Desculpe-me, o erro foi meu!... O seu amor, amanhã, pode já ser inútil; O seu perdão, amanhã, pode já não ser preciso; A sua volta, amanhã, pode já não ser esperada; A sua carta, amanhã, pode já não ser lida; O seu carinho, amanhã, pode já não ser mais necessário; O seu abraço, amanhã, pode já não encontrar outros braços... Porque amanhã pode ser muito...muito tarde! Não deixe para amanhã para dizer: Eu amo você! Estou com saudades de você! Perdoe-me! Desculpe-me! Esta flor é para você! Você está tão bem!... Não deixe para amanhã O seu sorriso, o seu abraço, o seu carinho, o seu trabalho, O seu sonho, A sua ajuda... Não deixe para amanhã para perguntar: Por que você está triste? O que há com você? Ei!...Venha cá, vamos conversar... Cadê o seu sorriso? Ainda tenho chance?... Já percebeu que eu existo? Por que não começamos de novo? Estou com você. Sabe que pode contar comigo? Cadê os seus sonhos? Onde está a sua garra?... Lembre-se: Amanhã pode ser tarde...muito tarde! (autor desconhecido) Aos meus amados pais, Werner e Diva, ao meu amor Tomás e para mim, dedico. AGRADECIMENTOS Durante o doutorado muitas pessoas contribuíram de uma forma ou de outra, para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, a todos vocês que se sentem parte desta tese, meus sinceros agradecimentos. Em especial agradeço: À Silvia T. S. Miotto, minha orientadora, minha “mãe”, minha amiga, minha garantia de uma boa risada. Agradeço pelas semelhanças, pela cumplicidade em todos os momentos, profissionais e pessoais, pela confiança e pela frase que embora aparente simplicidade, me fez confiante muitas vezes: “Contigo eu não me preocupo Raquel”. Obrigada Silvia !! À Tatiana T. de Souza-Chies, minha co-orientadora, quem me apresentou o mundo molecular. Agradeço pela imensa confiança e esperança que sempre depositastes em mim. Obrigada pela oportunidade e pela amizade. À Ilsi Boldrini pela alegria contagiante, por me ensinar, mesmo que inconscientemente, que por pior que seja a situação, o alto astral é fundamental. Obrigada pela amizade, pelos ensinamentos, pelo empréstimo da câmara-clara, pelos momentos de descontração, pela torcida e pela Polygala altomontana. Aos meus colegas e grandes amigos Angelo Schneider e Rafael Trevisan que me acompanharam durante boa parte do doutorado, meus colegas de campo, de discussões, de almoços, lanches, cafés, risadas, de tantos momentos agradáveis que ficarão na saudade. Obrigada pelo grande apoio logístico. Aos professores e colegas do PPG Botânica pelo aprendizado e companheirismo durante estes anos, em especial aos colegas que sempre lembravam de trazer uma Polygalaceae do campo. Aos colegas de orientação. A TODOS, muito obrigada !!! Aos colegas de campo, que foram muitos durante o doutorado, especialmente: Angelo Schneider, Rafael Trevisan, Luis Fernando Paiva Lima, Luciana Rogalski, Guilherme Ceolin. À Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar Dias, minha colega “poligalóloga”, parceira de discussões, de dúvidas, de trocas, alegrias e tristezas. Sou imensamente grata por toda a ajuda dispensada durante estes anos todos. À Dra. Maria do Carmo Mendes Marques pelo incentivo a este trabalho, pela humildade de dividir a família Polygalaceae com os jovens taxonomistas, pelo envio de valiosas bibliografias, fotos e por todo o auxílio prestado sempre que requisitada. Aos colegas de laboratório: Liliana Essi, Gustavo Agostini, Fernanda Spier, Évilin Giordana, por toda a ajuda e pelos incontáveis momentos de descontração. Em especial à Lili e ao Gus que facilitaram muito a minha vida no laboratório, que me ensinaram e que humildemente agüentaram minhas deficiências. À Maria Conceição de Souza (UEM) pelo envio de duplicatas de Polygalaceae e fotos de Bredemeyera. À Elide Pereira dos Santos pelo envio de dados das coletas do UPCB. Aos funcionários dos Herbários HBR e MBM, em especial ao Dr. Gert Hastchbach (MBM) pela atenção despendida durante nossa estada em Curitiba e pelo valioso empréstimo de materiais. Aos funcionários do Herbário ICN, Joana, Jair e Rumi pela disponibilidade. Ao Sérgio Bordignon pelas dicas de coleta, pela companhia na saída para a Serra do Sudeste, pelas fotos e pela amizade. À Elaine Miranda da Silva pelo envio de fotos de Bredemyera. Ao Professor Nelson Matzenbacher pelo apoio, incentivo e pela presteza. Ao Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal pelo empréstimo das dependências na fase final das análises moleculares, em especial à Tatiana. À CAPES pela bolsa concedida. Aos muitos amigos de longe e de perto pelo apoio, compreensão, orgulho, incentivo e torcida, e, principalmente por perdoarem minha ausência e a falta de tempo. À minha família pela compreensão de nem sempre poder estar presente nos aniversários e confraternizações, em especial aos meus pais Werner e Diva pelo exemplo incomparável. Finalmente, agradeço ao Tomás pelo amor incondicional, apoio, incentivo, atenção, auxílio, compreensão, pelas indas e vindas da UFRGS, por se fazer presente em todos os momentos importantes da minha vida. Obrigada !! SUMÁRIO RESUMO ................................................................................................................................ 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ........................................................................................................ 3 OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................................ 10 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO I. Revisão Taxonômica da Família Polygalaceae na Região Sul do Brasil .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Apresentação ........................................................................................................................... 17 Chave para os gêneros de Polygalaceae na Região Sul ........................................................... 17 Aspectos Morfológicos da família Polygalaceae na Região Sul do Brasil .............................. 17 Referências bibliográficas ....................................................................................................... 24 Artigo 1. Bredemeyera Willd. e Securidaca L. (Polygalaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil ....... 25 Introdução ................................................................................................................................ 28 Material e métodos .................................................................................................................. 29 Resultados e discussão ............................................................................................................ 30 Chave para a identificação dos gêneros Bredemeyera e Securidaca ....................................... 30 1. Descrição Bredemeyera Willd........................................................................................... 30 1.1. Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. ..................................................................................... 31 2. Descrição Securidaca L. ................................................................................................... 32 Chave para a identificação das espécies de Securidaca na Região Sul do Brasil .................... 33 2.1. Securidaca lanceolata A. St.-Hil. & Moq. .................................................................... 33 2.2. Securidaca macrocarpa A. W. Benn. ............................................................................ 35 2.3. Securidaca rivinaefolia A. St.-Hil. & Moq. ...................................................................37 Considerações finais ................................................................................................................ 38 Referências ............................................................................................................................... 39 Artigo 2. O gênero Monnina Ruiz & Pav. (Polygalaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil ............... 49 Introdução ................................................................................................................................ 52 Material e métodos .................................................................................................................. 53 Resultados e discussão ............................................................................................................. 54 Descrição do gênero Monnina Ruiz & Pav. ............................................................................ 55 Chave para a identificação das espécies de Monnina na Região Sul do Brasil ....................... 56 1. Monnina cardiocarpa
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